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U.N. CharterU.N. Charter: African people have right to : African people have right to “self-determination”—encourages African “self-determination”—encourages African nationalismnationalism
ResultResult: violent and peaceful revolutions : violent and peaceful revolutions for independence after WWIIfor independence after WWII
1. South Africa 1. South Africa (British)(British)
Nelson Mandela leads fight against Nelson Mandela leads fight against racist “apartheid”racist “apartheid” Ended in 1994
Mandela became first black President of S. Africa
2. Kenya2. Kenya—Jomo Kenyatta leads violent —Jomo Kenyatta leads violent struggle (“Mau Mau” Uprising) for struggle (“Mau Mau” Uprising) for independence against British.independence against British.
Kenyatta became President of Kenya after independence
6. Congo6. Congo– freed from Belgium – freed from Belgium
When Congo was freed, it was renamed “Zaire,” then recently it was renamed again, the “Democratic Republic of Congo”