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Mainstreaming Gender for Equitable Disaster

Recovery

Session 3World Bank Institute

Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

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Gender mainstreaming in the disaster context

Recap: gender mainstreaming

Process of gender mainstreaming Technical Political

Results of gender mainstreaming Improved recovery outcome Social transformation

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Analytical framework for gender focus in DRM

Gender perspective allows to:

Learn the differential impact of emergencies determined by needs and roles

Understand the post-disaster changes in access to and control of resources

Identify and develop the strategic capabilities of men and women

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The five-step mainstreaming process

Background, goals and objectives Who are the stakeholders? Issues related to disaster risk reduction for all gender

groups Moving towards gender equality goals and objectives

Information and analysis Mapping the situation: What information do we have? Gender research and analysis

Formulation and implementation Formulating policy or project intervention Arguing the case: Gender matters!

Monitoring and evaluation Monitoring: Keeping a gender-sensitive eye on things Evaluation: How did we do?

Communication

Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

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Gender analytical tools: gender mapping

5

Sector and/or Policy Matters Issues

Gender Questions Do men and women have equal access to relief post disaster? What are the effects of gender imbalance?

What do we know?

Indicators (quantitative and qualitative)

Available research reports

Government program

Government policy/ legislation

NGO projects

Donors’ activities

Helps to create inventory of the available information Indicates the areas which requires further gender analysis

andinvestigation

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Gender analytical tools: gender diagnosis

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Access and control

Men’s and women’s needs

Policy approaches

Gender roles analysis

Who has what?

What are the differences between men’s and women’s vulnerability profiles? Who needs what?

Practical gender approaches?Strategic gender approaches? How are men’s and women’s needs met? Who has access to what?Who has control over what?Is reduction of gender inequality a goal?Who participates in what, with whom, how, where, when, and to what end?

Formulation of objectivesWhat needs will be met?Whose needs will be met?What opportunities exist to meet them? What constraints hinder meeting them?

Who does what? How? Where? When? With Whom? Who could be capable of doing what?

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Gender analytical tools: gender analysis

A process of understanding the different activities and responsibilities of women and men and their access toand control over resources and decisions

Principles Targeting

Macro, meso, micro levels

Strategic, practical and special needs

Application in three contexts: Development, livelihood, stakeholder

concerns

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Gender analytical tools: policy map

Policy mapping helps to evaluate the extent to which gender concerns are reflected in policies and programs At each administrative level, policies can be grouped as:

Disaster specific policies having a gender aspect General policies on gender

Policies can be mapped and categorised on the basis of: Locus of responsibility at each administrative/ institutional level Status (whether it is existing or not in place) How gender mainstreaming is to be undertaken

It systematically identifies progress areas and provides guidance for policy reform

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Gender analytical tools: policy map example

National government

In place Missing

Disaster policy

Guidelines for mainstreaming gender in disaster management under preparation

Gender-sensitive preparedness framework

Joint titling of houses built with government aid

Crisis team blueprint to include Chief Gender Equality Officer

Gender-equitable compensation rates and categories – but shortcomings in execution

Police and judiciary to receive gender-sensitive training for the disaster context

General policy

National ID registry Office for Gender Equality to participate in development, incl. disaster management, with authority

Equal property ownership and inheritance legislation; equal wage legislation

Compliance with gender-sensitive legislation and policy to be monitored

Gender-sensitive training across departments

Gender budgeting in government departments

Policy map for Thailand in the post-tsunami period, 2007 (excerpt)

Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

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Gender analytical tools: institutional review, Tamil Nadu, India

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TN Stategovernmen

t

Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation DepartmentState Relief Commissioner;State Disaster Plan

Social Welfare

Department

Rural Development Department,

etc

District CollectorDistrict Contingency Plan

State civil service

Urban local government

Rural local government

Local Governme

nt

Green arrows represent the flow of information.Red arrows represent the flow of decision-making & executive

power

Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

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Formulating strategy for mainstreaming

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Without advance preparation, post-disaster situation present dilemmas of urgency

Strategy needs to address short term practical concerns as well as long term strategic interests

Physiological needs (food, breathing)

Safety (employment, health, property)

Belonging (family, friends)

Esteem

Self-actualisation

Survival rates and rescue priorities; nutrition, medicine, reproductive health, clothing

Safety (domestic/sexual violence); livelihoods, compensation, housing

Self help groups; domestic violence/alcoholism counseling

Equal political participation

Full gender

mainstreaming

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Policies: short-term practical concerns

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Short term, practical gender needs Identified by women and men A consequence of socially

defined roles But addressing them does not

challenge socially defined roles

Within specific context such as Preparedness Relief Recovery

Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

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Policies: long-term strategic concerns

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Strategic needs rooted in gender inequalities Division of labor Factor and products market Legal status Participation

Context specific Preparedness Relief Reconstruction

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Challenges in mainstreaming gender in broader risk reduction

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Little interest in ‘institutionalizing’ gender mainstream before disaster

Little attention to strengthening ‘gender infrastructure’ for mainstreaming

Unaccountable organizational structure for gender mainstreaming and gender equity

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Summing up: five key messages

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Gender is not only about vulnerability, it is also about capacity

Effective gender mainstreaming into disaster reconstruction and recovery starts before the disaster

The aftermath of disaster can allow changes to be up-scaled, expanded and deepened

Coordination of information flow and allocation of responsibilitiesare key instruments in effective recovery

Disaster recovery and reconstruction should not only be managed for the benefit of those affected, but also by the beneficiaries themselves.

Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction