Date post: | 05-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | terence-miles |
View: | 218 times |
Download: | 0 times |
11
MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS
Chapter 11
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 2
OVERVIEW
Understand the relationship between hardware devices and drivers.
Install a device driver.
Use Device Manager to view and manage hardware devices and their device drivers.
Troubleshoot device driver problems.
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 3
UNDERSTANDING DEVICE DRIVERS
What is a device driver?
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 4
DEVICE DRIVER FUNCTIONS
A device driver exposes device-specific routines to device-independent functions in the operating system.
A device driver allows you to manipulate the physical properties of hardware devices.
A device driver can provide functionality through two separate driver components—a high-level driver and a low-level driver.
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 5
DEVICES AND DRIVERS
Some drivers (standard keyboard, mouse) are generic, so a single driver can be used with hundreds of compatible devices.
Other drivers are very specific and work only with a specific model of device.
Generic drivers require less frequent updating and therefore present fewer challenges to the administrator.
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 6
DEVICE DRIVERS AND HARDWARE RESOURCES
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 7
CONFIGURING HARDWARE RESOURCES
Issues with manual configuration:
Limited resource settings
Resource depletion
Device conflicts
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 8
PLUG AND PLAY
Detects new hardware
Installs the appropriate device driver
Determines what hardware resources the device requires
Scans the system for available hardware resources
Selects appropriate resource settings for the device
Configures both the device and the device driver that will use the selected resources
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 9
CREATING A DRIVER MAINTENANCE STRATEGY
When a new driver is released by a manufacturer,administrators must decide:
If and when updates should be installed
How the updates should be installed
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 10
TO UPDATE OR NOT?
Hardware manufacturers generally release new device drivers: To enhance performance
To implement new features
To address problems with previous driver releases
On a server system, all new drivers should be tested before installation. A new driver might cause issues with existing hardware.
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 11
USERS, ADMINISTRATORS, AND DEVICE DRIVER INSTALLATION
Updating device drivers might require the administrator to visit every system. In large environments this can be problematic.
Many drivers can be included in “silent” installation packages or distributed via scripts or Group Policy.
Windows Server 2003 includes driver signing options and the ability to grant selective driver installation privileges to appropriate users.
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 12
CONTROLLING DEVICE DRIVER ACCESS
Members of the Administrators group have full access to load, unload, configure, and manage devices and device drivers.
Users can install a new device if it requires no resource configuration and if a signed driver for that device already exists on the system.
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 13
DRIVER SIGNING OPTIONS
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 14
USING THE ADD HARDWARE WIZARD
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 15
USING DEVICE MANAGER
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 16
ENABLING AND DISABLING DEVICES
A device can be disabled and enabled through Device Manager.
Disabled devices appear in Device Manager with a red X on their icons in Device Manager.
A disabled device cannot be accessed by the operating system.
A disabled device can be assigned different hardware resources when it is reenabled.
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 17
UNINSTALLING DEVICE DRIVERS
If the device was installed by Plug and Play, the device driver is removed and the hardware is deleted from Device Manager.
If the device was installed manually, the device driver is removed but the hardware remains in Device Manager and is marked as a device that cannot be started, is improperly configured, or does not have a device driver installed.
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 18
MANAGING DEVICE PROPERTIES
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 19
UPDATING DRIVERS
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 20
ROLLING BACK DRIVERS
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 21
MANAGING HARDWARE RESOURCES
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 22
USING CONTROL PANEL
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 23
TROUBLESHOOTING DEVICES AND DRIVERS
Device Manager status codes
Using hardware troubleshooters
Recovering from device disaster
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 24
DEVICE MANAGER STATUS CODES
Provides a mechanism for the operating system to indicate the type of problem being experienced by the device
Can be viewed in the Device Status box on the General tab of the device’s Properties dialog box
Uses a numeric code to indicate the problem
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 25
USING HARDWARE TROUBLESHOOTERS
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 26
RECOVERING FROM DEVICE DISASTER
Driver Rollback
Last Known Good Configuration
Safe mode
Recovery Console
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 27
SUMMARY
Device drivers are software components that enable applications and operating systems to communicate with specific hardware devices.
Plug and Play is a standard that enables computers to detect and identify hardware devices, and then install and configure drivers for those devices.
Drivers for a device might be included with Windows Server 2003, or you might need to obtain the latest driver from the device manufacturer.
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 28
SUMMARY (continued)
The drivers included with Windows Server 2003 are all digitally signed, to ensure that they have not been tampered with.
Device Manager is an MMC snap-in that lists all hardware devices in the computer and indicates problems with identification or driver configuration.
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 29
SUMMARY (continued)
Device Manager allows you to enable and disable devices, update and roll back drivers, manage device driver properties, and resolve hardware resource conflicts.
Users must have administrative privileges to install and manage hardware devices and their drivers, although users can install Plug and Play devices if no additional drivers or user interaction are required.
Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 30
SUMMARY (continued)
Many hardware manufacturers periodically release driver updates; it is up to system administrators to decide whether to install the updates, when, and how.
The Last Known Good Configuration option is useful for reverting to a previously used driver, but only if you have not logged on to the system after restarting.
Safe mode loads a minimal set of drivers, enabling you to access Device Manager and disable, uninstall, or roll back a driver that is causing a problem.