1.1 Objective of this Document - Federaal Wetenschapsbeleid · The TDs are then further subdivided...

An ESA Communications Production

Publication ESA Technology Tree Version 3.0 (ESA STM-277 2nd ed., October 2013)

Editing/layout K. Fletcher

Publisher ESA CommunicationsESTEC, PO Box 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk, the NetherlandsTel: +31 71 565 3408 Fax: +31 71 565 5433 www.esa.int

ISBN 978-92-9221-927-7

ISSN 0379-4067

Copyright © 2013 European Space Agency

ESA STM-277 2nd ed. 3

Table of Contents

Change log .................................................................................................................................................. 4

1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 5

1.1 Objective of this Document ...................................................................................................... 5

1.2 Structure of the Technology Tree ............................................................................................. 5

1.3 Document Overview ................................................................................................................. 5

1.4 Historical Background .............................................................................................................. 5

1.5 2012 Update ............................................................................................................................. 6

1.6 Technology Tree Objectives..................................................................................................... 6

1.7 Definitions ................................................................................................................................ 6

1.8 Granularity Guidelines ............................................................................................................. 7

2 Technology Tree Issue 3.0 – Abbreviated Version ............................................................................ 8

3 Technology Tree Issue 3.0 – Full Version ........................................................................................ 11

Appendix A – Technology Domain Responsibles ................................................................................... 48

Appendix B – Differences between Technology Tree Versions 2.1 and 3.0 ........................................... 49

Appendix C: Acronyms ............................................................................................................................ 51

Annex: Technology Tree in Excel file

4 ESA STM-277 2nd ed.

Technology Tree Change Log

Reason for change Issue Revision Date

Initial issue 1 0 March 2003 Re-numbering of TD15 1 1 June 2003 Second issue: Full document update 2 0 November 2006 Further update of TDs 9-10-11-12 and reduction to two levels

2 1 April 2007

Review of 2.1 vs 1.1 correspondence matrix 2 1.1 March 2008 No change to content; layout changed to bring the document into the ESA STM series

2 1.2 September 2008

Third issue: Full document update Updated to 2nd edition of STM-277

3 0 October 2013


1 Introduction

1.1 Objective of this Document The objective of this document is to present the ESA Technology Tree, which provides a classification system for all technical knowhow that is available in ESA.

The Tree was initially defined in the frame of the ESTER (European Space Technology Requirements database) consolidation activities performed in April/May 2002. The present issue (issue 3.0) is the result of the 2012 update carried out by TEC-T with the help of TECNET, and with the help of all the Technology Domain Responsibles (TDRs).

The Technology Tree presented in this document is a living tool and therefore will be subject to evolution as necessary.

1.2 Structure of the Technology Tree The Technology Tree has a three-level structure. The first level of decomposition introduces 26 Technology Domains (TDs). The TDs are then further subdivided into Technology Subdomains (TSs) and Technology Groups (TGs), as appropriate.

For many ESA processes, only the first two levels of the Tree are used, namely the TDs and the TSs. An abbreviated version of the table is therefore also provided.

1.3 Document Overview The document is divided into three sections and two Appendices:

Section 1 (this section) describes the objectives of the document, an outline of the changes between issues 2.1 and 3.0, a number of useful definitions and a brief historical background.

Section 2 contains an abbreviated version of the Tree (only TDs and TSs included).

Section 3 contains the full tabular format version, with descriptions (all levels included).

Appendix A provides the latest updated list of the TDRs (ESA contact point list).

Appendix B provides a detailed description of the changes between issues 2.1 and 3.0 of the Technology Tree, including a connectivity matrix between version 2.1 and 3.0.

In addition, an Excel file is provided on attached CD in order to facilitate the use of the Tree.

1.4 Historical Background ESTER was initially structured around 56 separate TGs (originally referred to as Product Groups). During the 2002 update, however, the list grew to include 207 separate items. The main reason behind this growth was that data providers had introduced new groups in order to define more accurately their area of work or expertise. The resulting cumulative list was not well structured, and, not surprisingly, included many duplications and overlaps, thus penalising its overall function. In order to improve the situation and provide a more structured classification of technology, the concept of the Technology Tree was established.

Issue 1.1 of the Technology Tree was released in 2003 as the result of a collaboration between the Directorate of Technical and Operational Support (D-TOS) and the Technology Harmonisation and Strategy Division (IMT-TH).

Since the first issue in 2003, the Technology Tree has been used both by ESA (e.g. for ESTER, Harmonisation, ESA Technology Strategy Long-Term Plan, technology programme workplans), and by the European industry.


1.5 2012 Update Since the last issue of the Technology Tree, things have changed both technologically and organisationally, plus a number of comments were made by users on both the content and the navigability of the Tree.

In response to the above comments, the 2012 Technology Tree update has been carried out according to the following guidelines:

• Contact all ESA TDRs for suggestions on changes and improvements to the Technology Tree • Analyse all received input and identify areas where there might be overlaps or where there might

be potential for misunderstanding • Analyse areas where no changes have been made, in order to catch issues that might have been

missed in previous reviews

Issue 3.0 of the Technology Tree now contains:

• 26 TDs (26 in issue 2.1) • 101 TSs (92 in issue 2.1) • 320 TGs (274 in issue 2.1)

The total number of entries for issue 3.0 is therefore 447. By comparison, issue 2.1 contained 392 entries, and issue 1.1, 411 entries. An outline of the changes introduced in this latest revision follows:

• 47 entries have been added • 44 entries have an updated title • 110 entries have an updated description • 7 entries have been moved within the Tree • 3 entries have been deleted • 9 entries have been split into more than one entry • 6 entries have been merged

More details about the changes, and a connectivity matrix between versions 2.1 and 3.0, are provided in Appendix B.

1.6 Technology Tree Objectives The objectives of the Technology Tree are as follows

• To provide a classification of all technological expertise currently available in ESA for space activities.

• To provide guidance for the identification in ESA of individuals responsible for specific technology areas.

1.7 Definitions In the context of this document, the following definitions are applicable:

Technology A technology is defined as the technical knowhow that is required for the design, manufacture and test of a space product, including all related processes.

Product Space products are all items needed for space activities that can be procured in the market, including services.


1.8 Granularity Guidelines Consistent with the definition of technology given above, the granularity of the description of TD, TS and TG goes from more general (TD) to more specific (TG), as follows:

• TD: A technology domain includes knowhow relevant to a technical area that can be identified as being standalone and can therefore be considered independently of other TDs.

• TS: A decomposition of a TD to provide a more accurate description of its content in terms of different but related technical areas.

• TG: A further decomposition of each TS to identify a technology that is relevant to a family of products but that is not the description of a product in itself.

An example of a technology category is 3-B-II. The structure and levels are illustrated in Fig. 1.

Figure 1: Structure of the Technology Tree

Technology Domain (1-26)

Technology Subdomain A

TG I

TG XX

Technology Subdomain Z

TG I

TG XX


2 Technology Tree Issue 3.0 – Abbreviated Version TD TECHNOLOGY DOMAIN TS TECHNOLOGY SUBDOMAIN 1 Onboard Data Systems A Payload data processing

B Onboard data management C Microelectronics for digital and analogue applications

2 Space System Software A Advanced Software technologies B Space segment software C Ground segment software D Ground data processing E Earth observation payload data exploitation

3 Spacecraft Electrical Power A Power system architecture B Power generation technologies C Energy storage technologies D Power conditioning and distribution including regulation,

control and distribution 4 Spacecraft Environments and

Effects A Space environment B Environment effects C Space weather

5 Space System Control A Control systems engineering B Control systems innovative technologies C Control techniques and tools D AOCS/GNC sensors and actuators

6 RF Systems, Payloads and Technologies

A Telecommunication systems/subsystems B Radio navigation systems/subsystems C TT&C and payload data modulator (PDM)

systems/subsystems D RF payloads E RF technologies and equipment

7 Electromagnetic Technologies and Techniques

A Antennas B Wave Interaction and propagation C EMC/RFC/ESD

8 System Design & Verification A Mission and system specification B Collaborative and concurrent engineering C System analysis and design D System verification and AIT

9 Mission Operation and Ground Data systems

A Advanced system concepts B Mission operations C Ground data systems (MCS)

10 Flight Dynamics and GNSS A Flight dynamics B GNSS high-precision data processing

11 Space Debris A Ground- and space-based debris and meteoroid measurements B Modelling and risk analysis C Debris mitigation, debris environment remediation and

protection 12 Ground Station System and

Networks A Ground station system B Ground communications networks

13 Automation, Telepresence & Robotics

A Applications and concepts B Automation & robotics systems C Automation & robotics components and technologies


TD TECHNOLOGY DOMAIN TS TECHNOLOGY SUBDOMAIN 14 Life & Physical Sciences A Instrumentation in support of life sciences

B Instrumentation in support of physical sciences C Applied life science technology D Applied physical science technology

15 Mechanisms A Mechanism core technologies B Non-explosive release technologies C Exploration tool technologies D Control electronics technologies E MEMS technologies F Tribology technologies G Mechanism engineering H Pyrotechnic technologies

16 Optics A Optical system engineering B Optical component technology and materials C Optical equipment and instrument technology

17 Optoelectronics A Laser technologies B Detector technologies C Photonics

18 Aerothermodynamics A Numerical methods B Ground-based facilities C Sensors and Measurement Techniques D Flight databases

19 Propulsion

A Chemical propulsion technologies B Electric propulsion technologies C Advanced propulsion D Supporting Propulsion Technologies and Tools

20 Structures A Structural design and verification methods and tools B High-stability and high-precision S/C structures C Inflatable and deployable structures D Hot structures E Active/adaptive structures F Damage tolerance and health monitoring G Launchers, reentry vehicles, planetary vehicles H Crew habitation, safe haven and EVA suits I Meteoroid and debris shield design and analysis J Advanced structural concepts and materials

21 Thermal A Heat transport technology B Cryogenics and refrigeration C Thermal protection D Heat storage and rejection E Thermal analysis tools

22 Environmental Control Life Support (ECLS) and In Situ Resource Utilisation (ISRU)

A ECLS B ISRU

23 EEE (electric, electromechanical & electronic) Components and quality

A Methods and processes for product assurance of EEE components, including radiation hardness assurance

B EEE component technologies


TD TECHNOLOGY DOMAIN TS TECHNOLOGY SUBDOMAIN 24 Materials and Processes A Novel materials and materials technology

B Materials processes C Cleanliness and sterilisation D Space environmental effects on materials and processes E Modelling of materials behaviour and properties F Non-destructive inspection (NDI) G Materials and process obsolescence H Materials for electronic assembly

25 Quality, Dependability and Safety

A System Dependability and Safety B Software quality C Product and quality assurance

26 OTHERS


3 T

echn

olog

y T

ree

Issu

e 3.

0 –

Full

Ver

sion

TD

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y D

OM

AIN

T

S T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y S

UBD

OM

AIN

T

G

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

GR

OU

P 1

Onb

oard

Dat

a Sy

stem

s A

ddre

sses

bot

h sp

acec

raft

data

m

anag

emen

t and

pay

load

dat

a pr

oces

sing

and

cov

ers t

he h

ardw

are

and

softw

are

requ

ired

for d

ata

acqu

isiti

on, d

ata

proc

essi

ng, s

tora

ge

for b

oth

payl

oad

and

spac

ecra

ft da

ta, o

nboa

rd n

etw

orki

ng a

nd th

e sp

ace-

link

netw

ork

laye

r and

abo

ve.

A

Payl

oad

Dat

a Pr

oces

sing

C

over

ing

spec

ific

digi

tal s

igna

l and

dat

a pr

oces

sing

tech

nolo

gies

and

tech

niqu

es, a

s w

ell a

s spe

cific

(hig

h-sp

eed,

hig

h-ca

paci

ty-

orie

nted

) har

dwar

e (e

.g. D

SP, s

tora

ge),

softw

are

(sig

nal/i

mag

e pr

oces

sing

, dat

a co

mpr

essi

on/fu

sion

…) a

nd n

etw

orki

ng

tech

nolo

gies

(inc

ludi

ng p

roto

cols

and

st

anda

rds)

.

I Sy

stem

Tec

hnol

ogie

s for

Pay

load

Dat

a Pr

oces

sing

C

over

s sys

tem

asp

ects

such

as p

aylo

ad p

roce

ssin

g an

d st

orag

e ar

chite

ctur

es, a

lgor

ithm

s, co

mm

unic

atio

n, e

tc.,

for E

arth

ob

serv

atio

n, sc

ienc

e an

d m

anne

d-sp

ace

appl

icat

ions

. II

H

ardw

are

Tec

hnol

ogie

s for

Pay

load

Dat

a Pr

oces

sing

C

over

s har

dwar

e te

chno

logi

es re

late

d to

hig

h-sp

eed/

high

-pe

rfor

man

ce e

quip

men

t (e.

g. D

SP, m

ass m

emor

ies,

switc

hes a

nd

com

mun

icat

ion

links

, dig

ital v

ideo

, dat

a co

mpr

essi

on).

III

Soft

war

e T

echn

olog

ies f

or P

aylo

ad D

ata

Proc

essi

ng

Cov

ers s

oftw

are

tech

nolo

gies

rela

ted

to h

igh-

spee

d/hi

gh-

perf

orm

ance

pay

load

dat

a pr

oces

sing

syst

ems.

B

O

nboa

rd D

ata

Man

agem

ent

Cov

ers a

vion

ics a

nd c

omm

and

& c

ontro

l sy

stem

spec

ific

aspe

cts,

such

as

data

han

dlin

g, sy

stem

man

agem

ent a

nd

auto

nom

y, a

s wel

l as s

peci

fic h

ardw

are

(e.g

. co

mpu

ters

, sto

rage

, mic

ro-c

ontro

llers

), so

ftwar

e (e

.g. b

asic

supp

ort p

acka

ges)

and

ne

twor

king

tech

nolo

gies

and

tech

niqu

es, e

tc.

I Sy

stem

H

ighl

y in

tegr

ated

syst

ems,

arch

itect

ure,

faul

t tol

eran

ce, o

nboa

rd

oper

atio

n m

anag

emen

t and

aut

onom

y.

II

Onb

oard

Com

pute

rs

Cov

ers o

nboa

rd fa

ult-t

oler

ant d

epen

dabl

e co

mpu

ters

, the

ir m

ain

com

pone

nts (

mic

ropr

oces

sors

, I/O

) and

bas

ic so

ftwar

e.

III

Dat

a St

orag

e C

over

s the

dev

elop

men

t of d

ata

stor

age

equi

pmen

t (m

ass m

emor

ies)

an

d m

odul

es fo

r spa

cecr

aft p

latfo

rms.

IV

Onb

oard

Net

wor

ks a

nd C

ontr

ol/M

onito

ring

C

over

s the

dev

elop

men

t of t

he o

nboa

rd d

ata

com

mun

icat

ion

syst

ems,

incl

udin

g on

boar

d co

mm

and

and

cont

rol d

ata

netw

orks

for

perf

orm

ing

mon

itorin

g an

d co

ntro

l acr

oss t

he p

latfo

rm, a

nd w

irele

ss

syst

ems.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

1 O

nboa

rd D

ata

Syst

ems (

cont

d.)

C

Mic

roel

ectr

onic

s for

Dig

ital a

nd A

nalo

gue

App

licat

ions

C

over

ing

desi

gn m

etho

dolo

gies

and

te

chno

logy

for s

pace

app

licat

ion

spec

ific

inte

grat

ed c

ircui

ts (A

SIC

s) a

nd fi

eld

prog

ram

mab

le g

ate

arra

ys (F

PGA

s). D

igita

l an

d an

alog

ue d

esig

ns, i

nclu

ding

IP c

ores

.

I M

etho

dolo

gies

R

ad-h

arde

ning

by

desi

gn a

llow

ing

usag

e of

com

mer

cial

te

chno

logi

es; S

yste

m-o

n-ch

ip d

esig

n m

etho

dolo

gies

; Har

dwar

e-So

ftwar

e co

-des

ign;

usa

ge o

f rep

rogr

amm

able

FPG

As f

or sp

ace

appl

icat

ions

; hig

h-pe

rfor

man

ce a

nd lo

w p

ower

sign

al p

roce

ssin

g al

gorit

hms a

nd p

roce

ssor

s; a

nalo

gue

IC d

esig

n. A

SIC

and

FPG

A

desi

gn (d

esig

n ki

t and

libr

arie

s) a

nd te

st to

ols.

(Not

e 1-

C-I-

1: Is

sues

rela

ted

to b

asic

mec

hani

sms o

f rad

iatio

n ef

fect

s are

cov

ered

in T

D 2

3)

(Not

e 1-

C-I-

2: T

he so

ftwar

e si

de o

f sof

twar

e–ha

rdw

are

co-e

ngin

eeri

ng is

cov

ered

in 2

-B-I

I) II

D

igita

l and

Ana

logu

e D

evic

es a

nd T

echn

olog

ies

Reu

sabl

e IP

cor

es, (

ASI

C) p

roce

ssor

s, de

tect

or re

adou

ts a

nd se

nsor

el

ectro

nics

fron

t-end

s, st

anda

rd A

SIC

s and

ASS

Ps (A

pplic

atio

n Sp

ecifi

c St

anda

rd P

rodu

cts)

, FPG

As.

2 Sp

ace

Syst

em S

oftw

are

Add

ress

es b

oth

spac

e an

d gr

ound

se

gmen

t. A

ll ba

sic

tech

niqu

es a

nd

tech

nolo

gies

in th

e fie

lds o

f so

ftwar

e an

d In

form

atio

n Te

chno

logy

with

resp

ect t

o th

eir

appl

icat

ion

to sp

ace

mis

sion

s.

A

Adv

ance

d So

ftw

are

Tec

hnol

ogie

s A

dvan

ced

softw

are

deve

lopm

ent

(req

uire

men

ts, d

esig

n, v

erifi

catio

n, v

alid

atio

n,

mai

nten

ance

and

qua

lific

atio

n) m

etho

ds/to

ols.

Adv

ance

d fu

nctio

ns to

be

impl

emen

ted

in

softw

are.

Bot

h gr

ound

and

spac

e ap

plic

atio

n in

clud

ed. D

evel

opm

ent o

f rel

ated

stan

dard

s.

I A

dvan

ced

Soft

war

e D

evel

opm

ent M

etho

ds a

nd T

ools

Met

hods

and

tool

s for

the

softw

are

deve

lopm

ent t

hat a

re in

nova

tive

in th

e co

mm

erci

al w

orld

and

requ

ire a

naly

sis p

rior t

o ad

optio

n in

the

spac

e do

mai

n. T

his i

nclu

des f

or e

xam

ple

the

OM

G (O

bjec

t M

anag

emen

t Gro

up) t

echn

olog

ies,

new

lang

uage

s, et

c.

II

Adv

ance

d so

ftw

are

func

tions

N

ew fu

nctio

ns o

f the

softw

are

syst

ems t

hat a

re a

ntic

ipat

ed to

be

need

ed b

ut th

at n

eed

pred

evel

opm

ent o

r pro

toty

ping

bef

ore

actu

al

spac

e de

velo

pmen

t. In

clud

es a

uton

omy,

par

alle

l com

putin

g, e

tc.

(Not

e 2-

A-II

-1: T

his i

nclu

des a

lso

pred

evel

opm

ent f

or a

pplic

atio

ns

indi

cate

d in

TD

1-A-

III)

B

Spac

e Se

gmen

t Sof

twar

e O

nboa

rd so

ftwar

e re

quire

men

ts, d

esig

n,

verif

icat

ion,

val

idat

ion,

mai

nten

ance

and

qu

alifi

catio

n m

etho

ds/to

ols.

Spec

ific

aspe

cts

rela

ted

to th

e ap

plic

atio

n of

mod

ern

IT

tech

nolo

gies

. Inc

lude

s flig

ht so

ftwar

e an

d re

late

d si

mul

ator

tech

nolo

gies

.

I M

etho

ds a

nd T

ools

for

Onb

oard

Sof

twar

e E

ngin

eeri

ng

Proc

esse

s A

ll as

pect

s of o

nboa

rd so

ftwar

e en

gine

erin

g, re

quire

men

t en

gine

erin

g, a

utom

atio

n of

the

life

cycl

e, te

stin

g, m

odel

-bas

ed

deve

lopm

ent,

etc.

In p

artic

ular

, it i

nclu

des s

oftw

are

emul

ator

s of

onbo

ard

proc

esso

rs.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

2 Sp

ace

Syst

em S

oftw

are

(con

t.)

B

Spac

e Se

gmen

t Sof

twar

e (c

ont.)

II

In

nova

tive

Soft

war

e M

anag

emen

t Pro

cess

A

dapt

ive

engi

neer

ing,

new

pla

nnin

g ap

proa

ches

, cos

t est

imat

ion

met

hods

, dis

tribu

ted

deve

lopm

ent.

The

focu

s is o

n th

e sy

stem

as

pect

s of s

oftw

are,

the

syst

em–s

oftw

are

co-e

ngin

eerin

g. In

clud

es

also

softw

are–

hard

war

e co

-eng

inee

ring.

(N

ote

2-B-

II-1

: The

syst

em si

de o

f sys

tem

–sof

twar

e co

-eng

inee

ring

, an

d th

e ha

rdwa

re si

de o

f sof

twar

e–ha

rdw

are

co-e

ngin

eerin

g, a

re

cove

red

in 8

-A-I

and

1-C

-I re

spec

tivel

y.)

III

Soft

war

e A

rchi

tect

ures

So

ftwar

e ar

chite

ctur

es fo

r spa

ce se

gmen

t sof

twar

e. In

clud

es e

.g.

conc

epts

such

as A

rinc6

53. I

n pa

rticu

lar,

it in

clud

es a

lso

Plug

and

Pl

ay te

chno

logi

es.

C

Gro

und

Segm

ent S

oftw

are

Mis

sion

con

trol s

yste

m so

ftwar

e de

sign

, ve

rific

atio

n, v

alid

atio

n an

d m

aint

enan

ce

met

hods

/tool

s. A

pplic

atio

n of

mod

ern

IT

tech

nolo

gies

to sp

acec

raft

oper

atio

ns,

incl

udin

g O

bjec

t-Orie

nted

Tec

hnol

ogie

s.

D

Gro

und

Dat

a Pr

oces

sing

C

over

s arc

hivi

ng sy

stem

s and

ana

lytic

al

proc

essi

ng o

f spa

ce d

ata.

I D

ata

Arc

hivi

ng S

yste

ms

Long

-term

dat

a st

orag

e, la

rge

data

vol

ume

tech

nolo

gy…

II

A

naly

tical

Pro

cess

ing

Dat

a m

inin

g, fe

atur

e ex

tract

ion…

E

Ear

th O

bser

vatio

n Pa

yloa

d D

ata

Exp

loita

tion

Tech

nolo

gies

ass

ocia

ted

with

dev

elop

men

t an

d op

erat

ion

of g

roun

d se

gmen

t in

fras

truct

ure

and

faci

litie

s (in

clud

ing

user

in

terf

aces

, mis

sion

ana

lysi

s/pl

anni

ng, p

aylo

ad

data

acq

uisi

tion,

arc

hivi

ng, p

roce

ssin

g,

diss

emin

atio

n, q

ualit

y co

ntro

l), p

rovi

sion

of

rela

ted

data

and

info

rmat

ion

to u

ser

com

mun

ities

, sup

port

to d

ata

utili

satio

n,

appl

icat

ions

and

serv

ices

, cre

atio

n of

hig

her-

leve

l inf

orm

atio

n pr

oduc

ts a

nd th

e cr

eatio

n an

d pr

ovis

ion

of in

form

atio

n-ba

sed

serv

ices

.

I D

ata

and

Info

rmat

ion

Proc

essi

ng a

nd E

xplo

itatio

n C

over

s asp

ects

rela

ted

to d

ata

and

info

rmat

ion

acqu

isiti

on,

arch

ivin

g, p

roce

ssin

g, d

isse

min

atio

n, a

nd q

ualit

y co

ntro

l, an

d to

m

issi

on p

lann

ing.

Als

o co

vers

exp

loita

tion

of fe

dera

ted

and

colla

bora

tive

payl

oad

data

gro

und

segm

ent s

ervi

ces a

nd d

ata

diss

emin

atio

n.

II

App

licat

ions

and

Ser

vice

s C

over

s asp

ects

rela

ted

to a

pplic

atio

ns (e

.g. a

lgor

ithm

s, m

odel

s, re

late

d en

viro

nmen

ts, e

tc.),

hig

her-

leve

l pro

cess

ing,

info

rmat

ion

min

ing,

info

rmat

ion-

base

d se

rvic

es, s

ervi

ce su

ppor

t, ou

treac

h.

III

Info

rmat

ion

Syst

ems a

nd U

ser

Inte

rfac

es

Cov

ers a

spec

ts re

late

d to

syst

ems f

or a

cces

sing

dat

a an

d in

form

atio

n an

d us

er in

terf

ace

tool

s and

met

hods

.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

2 Sp

ace

Syst

em S

oftw

are

(con

t.)

E E

arth

Obs

erva

tion

Payl

oad

Dat

a E

xplo

itatio

n (c

ont.)

IV

C

ore

Infr

astr

uctu

re a

nd A

rchi

tect

ures

C

over

s asp

ects

at g

roun

d se

gmen

t lev

el, l

ike

arch

itect

ures

, com

mon

in

fras

truct

ure,

supp

ort t

o m

anag

emen

t and

ope

ratio

ns,

auto

mat

ion,

…

3 Sp

acec

raft

Ele

ctri

cal P

ower

A

ddre

sses

the

tech

niqu

es a

nd

tech

nolo

gies

rela

ted

to p

ower

sy

stem

arc

hite

ctur

e, to

pow

er

gene

ratio

n, d

istri

butio

n an

d co

nditi

onin

g an

d to

ene

rgy

stor

age.

A

Pow

er S

yste

m A

rchi

tect

ure

In

clud

ing

pow

er sy

stem

topo

logi

es, s

izin

g,

mod

ellin

g an

d si

mul

atio

n to

ols a

nd

tech

niqu

es.

B

Pow

er G

ener

atio

n T

echn

olog

ies

I Ph

otov

olta

ic G

ener

ator

Tec

hnol

ogy

Incl

udin

g so

lar c

ells

(cry

stal

line

and

thin

film

s), p

hoto

volta

ic

asse

mbl

y an

d so

lar a

rray

tech

nolo

gies

. II

Fu

el C

ell T

echn

olog

ies

III

Nuc

lear

and

The

rmo-

Ele

ctri

c Po

wer

Gen

erat

or T

echn

olog

ies

C

Ene

rgy

Stor

age

Tec

hnol

ogie

s I

Ele

ctro

-Che

mic

al T

echn

olog

ies f

or E

nerg

y St

orag

e II

M

echa

nica

l Tec

hnol

ogy

for

Ene

rgy

Stor

age

(Not

e 3-

C-II

-1: D

etai

led

mec

hani

sms a

spec

ts ar

e co

vere

d in

TD

15)

D

Pow

er C

ondi

tioni

ng a

nd D

istri

butio

n

Incl

udin

g re

gula

tion,

con

trol a

nd d

istri

butio

n.

I Po

wer

Con

ditio

ning

PC

Us,

DC

/DC

con

verte

rs, S

AR

, BD

Rs,

BC

Rs e

tc.

II

Spec

ific

Pow

er S

uppl

ies

PPU

s, hi

gh-v

olta

ge E

PCs,

whe

el e

lect

roni

cs, e

tc.

III

Pow

er D

istr

ibut

ion

Solid

-sta

te sw

itche

s, PD

Us.

4 Sp

acec

raft

Env

iron

men

ts a

nd

Eff

ects

Sp

ace

envi

ronm

enta

l eff

ects

are

lim

iting

on

all s

pace

mis

sion

s and

ne

ed to

be

asse

ssed

dur

ing

all

mis

sion

pha

ses.

Ass

essm

ent

requ

ires t

he c

reat

ion

of

envi

ronm

ent m

odel

s and

the

know

ledg

e of

eff

ects

, whi

ch is

ob

tain

ed b

y in

fligh

t mea

sure

men

t an

d te

stin

g.

A

Spac

e E

nvir

onm

ent

Met

hods

and

mod

els,

and

infli

ght m

onito

ring

of sp

ace

envi

ronm

ents

(inc

ludi

ng ra

diat

ion,

pl

asm

as, m

icro

met

eoro

ids a

nd m

icro

-deb

ris,

atm

osph

ere

and

cont

amin

atio

n).

I N

umer

ical

mod

ellin

g of

env

iron

men

ts

Esta

blis

hmen

t of n

umer

ical

mod

els t

hat r

epre

sent

spac

e en

viro

nmen

ts a

nd th

eir v

aria

bles

, as r

equi

red

by m

issi

on

deve

lopm

ent a

nd o

pera

tion.

Ass

ocia

ted

data

ana

lysi

s, an

d sy

stem

s de

liver

ing

mod

el o

utpu

t for

eff

icie

nt u

se in

dev

elop

men

t and

op

erat

ions

. II

In

fligh

t Mon

itori

ng

Tech

nolo

gies

to g

athe

r dat

a on

the

spac

e en

viro

nmen

t. In

clud

es

radi

atio

n de

tect

ion

(flu

xes a

nd d

eriv

ed q

uant

ities

for a

ll ra

diat

ion

com

pone

nts)

, pla

smas

, dire

ct m

icro

parti

cle

dete

ctio

n.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

4 Sp

acec

raft

Env

iron

men

ts a

nd

Eff

ects

(con

t.)

B

Env

iron

men

t Eff

ects

C

over

s eff

ects

due

to sp

ace

envi

ronm

ent

(rad

iatio

n da

mag

e an

d in

terf

eren

ce, s

pace

craf

t ch

argi

ng, m

icro

parti

cle

impa

ct ri

sk, …

) de

velo

pmen

t of c

ompu

tatio

nal t

ools

and

re

late

d ex

perim

enta

l inv

estig

atio

ns.

I E

ffec

ts A

naly

sis T

ools

Dev

elop

men

t of t

ools

for e

ach

envi

ronm

enta

l dom

ain

and

reso

urce

s fo

r coo

rdin

ated

ass

essm

ent.

Tool

s for

use

in d

evel

opm

ent a

nd

oper

atio

ns fo

r qua

ntify

ing

envi

ronm

enta

l eff

ects

in te

rms o

f en

gine

erin

g pa

ram

eter

s, an

d fo

r use

in p

rodu

ct a

ssur

ance

and

te

stin

g.

II

Gro

und

and

Spac

e Ef

fect

s Inv

estig

atio

ns

Prov

idin

g da

ta fo

r the

dev

elop

men

t and

val

idat

ion

of th

e an

alys

is

tool

s and

incl

udin

g es

tabl

ishm

ent a

nd/o

r exp

loita

tion

of o

n-gr

ound

an

d in

-spa

ce in

vest

igat

ions

of t

he e

nviro

nmen

ts a

nd th

e ef

fect

s on

tech

nolo

gies

. Inc

lude

s rad

iatio

n ef

fect

s, ch

argi

ng a

nd E

SD

mon

itorin

g, d

irect

and

indi

rect

impa

ct d

etec

tion,

ana

lysi

s of r

etur

ned

mat

eria

l, et

c.

C

Spac

e W

eath

er

Cov

ers t

echn

olog

y de

velo

pmen

ts th

at

cont

ribut

e to

the

esta

blis

hmen

t of c

apab

ilitie

s fo

r pre

dict

ing

or e

valu

atin

g ha

zard

ous

envi

ronm

enta

l con

ditio

ns in

spac

e, in

the

iono

sphe

re o

r on

the

grou

nd d

ue to

spac

e w

eath

er, t

hrou

gh u

se o

f obs

erva

tion

tech

nolo

gies

cou

pled

with

mod

ellin

g an

d IT

te

chno

logi

es. T

he o

bser

vatio

ns a

nd m

odel

ling

rela

te to

phe

nom

ena

on th

e Su

n, in

in

terp

lane

tary

spac

e an

d co

uplin

g w

ith th

e ne

ar-E

arth

env

ironm

ent.

I M

odel

ling

Dev

elop

men

t and

IT In

fras

truc

ture

D

evel

opm

ent o

f num

eric

al m

odel

s in

the

vario

us sp

ace

wea

ther

do

mai

ns (s

olar

, hel

iosp

heric

, mag

neto

sphe

ric, i

onos

pher

ic).

Als

o co

vers

IT in

fras

truct

ure:

dev

elop

men

t of a

n in

tegr

ated

but

di

strib

uted

syst

em th

at in

clud

es re

altim

e an

d ar

chiv

ed d

ata,

cou

pled

m

odel

ling

and

user

-orie

nted

info

rmat

ics t

ools

. II

Sp

ace

Wea

ther

Mon

itori

ng T

echn

olog

y In

situ

and

rem

ote

mea

sure

men

t of s

pace

wea

ther

feat

ures

for u

se in

fo

reca

stin

g an

d no

wca

stin

g, in

clud

ing

sola

r, he

liosp

heric

, m

agne

tosp

heric

and

iono

sphe

ric d

omai

ns.

5 Sp

ace

Syst

em C

ontr

ol

Cov

ers t

he d

esig

n an

d im

plem

enta

tion

of c

ontro

l sys

tem

s fo

r spa

ce a

pplic

atio

ns. I

nclu

des

AO

CS

for s

atel

lites

; GN

C fo

r spa

ce

vehi

cles

and

laun

cher

s; p

oint

ing

acqu

isiti

on a

nd tr

acki

ng sy

stem

s for

an

tenn

as, l

aser

term

inal

s, an

d lin

e-of

-sig

ht st

abili

satio

n eq

uipm

ent.

A

Con

trol

Sys

tem

s Eng

inee

ring

C

over

s sys

tem

asp

ects

and

AO

CS/

GN

C

func

tiona

l cha

in e

ngin

eerin

g.

I A

OC

S/G

NC

Arc

hite

ctur

e In

clud

es c

once

pt a

nd m

ode

defin

ition

, and

sele

ctio

n an

d ac

com

mod

atio

n of

sens

ors a

nd a

ctua

tors

. II

A

uton

omy

and

FDIR

C

over

s con

trol-r

elat

ed a

spec

ts a

nd im

plem

enta

tion

(with

TD

2 an

d TD

9-B

). II

I Po

intin

g E

rror

Eng

inee

ring

C

over

s bud

get m

etho

dolo

gy a

nd to

ols.

IV

Con

trol

Req

uire

men

ts E

ngin

eeri

ng

Incl

udes

softw

are

algo

rithm

spec

ifica

tion

(with

TD

2) a

nd se

nsor

an

d ac

tuat

or sp

ecifi

catio

n.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

5 Sp

ace

Syst

em C

ontr

ol (c

ont.)

A

C

ontr

ol S

yste

ms E

ngin

eeri

ng (c

ont.)

V

Con

trol

Des

ign

and

Ver

ifica

tion

Incl

udes

det

aile

d an

alys

is a

nd p

erfo

rman

ce v

erifi

catio

n on

fu

nctio

nal e

ngin

eerin

g si

mul

ator

s and

avi

onic

test

ben

ches

. B

C

ontr

ol S

yste

ms I

nnov

ativ

e T

echn

olog

ies

Cov

ers e

nabl

ing

tech

nolo

gy d

evel

opm

ents

de

dica

ted

to sp

ecifi

c m

issi

ons a

nd g

ener

ic

appl

icat

ions

.

I G

NC

Tec

hnol

ogie

s for

Ent

ry, D

esce

nt a

nd L

andi

ng

Cov

ers G

NC

tech

nolo

gy d

evel

opm

ents

for a

erob

raki

ng, p

reci

sion

la

ndin

g, h

azar

d av

oida

nce,

real

time

guid

ance

and

nav

igat

ion,

sp

ecia

lised

sim

ulat

ion

tool

s and

test

bed

s. II

G

NC

Tec

hnol

ogie

s for

Cru

ise, R

ende

zvou

s and

Doc

king

or

Cap

ture

C

over

s GN

C te

chno

logy

dev

elop

men

ts fo

r exp

lora

tion

as w

ell a

s ac

tive

debr

is re

mov

al.

III

Hig

h A

ccur

acy

Poin

ting

Tec

hnol

ogie

s C

over

s tec

hnol

ogy

deve

lopm

ents

in A

OC

S an

d po

intin

g ac

quis

ition

an

d tra

ckin

g sy

stem

s. IV

C

ompe

titiv

e A

OC

S T

echn

olog

ies

For c

omm

erci

al a

nd g

ener

ic a

pplic

atio

ns, t

ackl

ing

cost

redu

ctio

n at

al

l lev

els (

desi

gn a

nd v

erifi

catio

n ef

fort,

bui

ldin

g-bl

ock

appr

oach

, hy

brid

isat

ion

of se

nsor

s, …

). C

C

ontr

ol T

echn

ique

s and

Too

ls C

over

s gen

eric

and

adv

ance

d te

chni

ques

de

dica

ted

to d

esig

n an

alys

is a

nd v

erifi

catio

n.

I M

odel

ling

Tec

hniq

ues

Cov

ers m

athe

mat

ical

mod

ellin

g an

d so

ftwar

e m

odel

dev

elop

men

t fo

r: sa

telli

te d

ynam

ics a

nd e

nviro

nmen

t, se

nsor

s and

act

uato

rs, a

nd

softw

are

com

pone

nts.

II

Adv

ance

d C

ontr

ol, E

stim

atio

n &

Opt

imis

atio

n C

over

s the

dev

elop

men

t of e

ffic

ient

tech

niqu

es a

nd to

ols f

or d

esig

n an

alys

is a

nd v

erifi

catio

n.

III

Mul

tidis

cipl

inar

y O

ptim

isat

ion

Incl

udes

the

deve

lopm

ent o

f mat

hem

atic

al so

lver

s and

tool

s for

co

ncur

rent

opt

imis

atio

n of

GN

C-r

elat

ed a

spec

ts o

f the

spac

e ve

hicl

e an

d tra

ject

ory.

D

A

OC

S/G

NC

Sen

sors

and

Act

uato

rs

Cov

ers t

he sp

ecifi

catio

n an

d de

velo

pmen

t of

gene

ric a

nd c

usto

m p

rodu

cts b

ased

on

mis

sion

an

d m

arke

t nee

ds.

I A

OC

S/G

NC

Opt

ical

Sen

sors

St

artra

cker

s, Su

n an

d Ea

rth se

nsor

s, op

tical

nav

igat

ion

sens

ors.

Incl

udes

det

ecto

rs (w

ith T

D17

-B),

optic

s (w

ith T

D16

), m

icro

elec

troni

cs (w

ith T

D1-

C),

elec

troni

cs, i

mag

e pr

oces

sing

, so

ftwar

e al

gorit

hms.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

5 Sp

ace

Syst

em C

ontr

ol (c

ont.)

D

A

OC

S/G

NC

Sen

sors

and

Act

uato

rs (c

ont.)

II

A

OC

S/G

NC

Iner

tial a

nd M

agne

tic S

enso

rs

Gyr

os, a

ccel

eros

, IM

Us,

mag

neto

met

ers.

Incl

udes

MEM

S, H

RG

, FO

G te

chno

logi

es, c

ontro

l loo

ps a

nd h

ybrid

isat

ion,

mic

roel

ectro

nics

(w

ith T

D1-

C),

elec

troni

cs.

III

AO

CS/

GN

C In

ertia

l and

Mag

netic

Act

uato

rs

Rea

ctio

n w

heel

s, C

MG

s, m

agne

tic to

rque

rs).

Incl

udes

con

trol l

oops

, m

echa

nism

s & tr

ibol

ogy

(with

TD

15-F

/G),

pow

er e

lect

roni

cs (w

ith

TD3-

D),

mic

roel

ectro

nics

(with

TD

1-C

). 6

RF

Syst

ems,

Payl

oads

and

T

echn

olog

ies

Cov

ers a

ll te

chno

logi

es a

nd

tech

niqu

es o

pera

ting

in th

e R

F do

mai

n re

late

d to

sate

llite

syst

ems

and

netw

orks

, spa

cecr

aft p

aylo

ads,

inst

rum

ents

and

spec

ific

grou

nd

equi

pmen

t (se

e no

te b

elow

), fo

r te

leco

mm

unic

atio

n, T

T&C

, na

viga

tion,

Ear

th o

bser

vatio

n an

d sp

ace

scie

nce,

incl

udin

g se

curit

y as

pect

s.

(Not

e 6-

1: T

echn

olog

ies f

or c

ontro

l ce

ntre

s, TT

&C

and

Ear

th

Obs

erva

tion

Payl

oad

Dat

a Tr

ansm

issi

on G

roun

d St

atio

ns a

nd

Gro

und

Stat

ion

Net

wor

ks a

re

cove

red

in T

D12

)

A

Tel

ecom

mun

icat

ion

Syst

ems/

Subs

yste

ms

Cov

ers t

elec

omm

unic

atio

n te

chni

ques

and

al

gorit

hms (

codi

ng, m

odul

atio

n, a

cces

s, sy

nchr

onis

atio

n, n

etw

orki

ng, s

ecur

ity e

tc.),

sy

stem

tool

s and

tele

com

equ

ipm

ent.

I T

elec

om S

yste

m E

ngin

eeri

ng T

ools

C

over

ing

all a

spec

ts re

late

d to

sate

llite

tele

com

syst

em a

nd

subs

yste

m a

naly

sis,

desi

gn to

ols a

nd m

etho

dolo

gies

. II

T

elec

om S

igna

l Pro

cess

ing

Cov

erin

g al

l sig

nal p

roce

ssin

g te

chni

ques

and

alg

orith

ms r

elat

ed to

co

ding

/dec

odin

g, m

odul

atio

n/de

mod

ulat

ion,

acc

ess,

sync

hron

isat

ion,

med

ium

acc

ess c

ontro

l. II

I N

etw

orki

ng T

echn

ique

s C

over

ing

tele

com

sate

llite

net

wor

king

asp

ects

rela

ted

to ra

dio

reso

urce

man

agem

ent,

netw

ork

man

agem

ent a

nd c

ontro

l asp

ects

, tra

ffic

mod

ellin

g, e

tc.

IV

Tel

ecom

Equ

ipm

ent

Cov

erin

g al

l bas

eban

d te

leco

m e

quip

men

t (e.

g. m

odul

ator

s, de

mod

ulat

ors,

fron

t-end

s). U

sed

for f

ixed

, mob

ile a

nd b

road

cast

sa

telli

te o

r hyb

rid sa

telli

te/te

rres

trial

tele

com

syst

ems,

also

incl

udin

g us

er te

rmin

als.

V

Tel

ecom

Sec

urity

Tec

hniq

ues a

nd T

echn

olog

ies

Cov

erin

g th

e te

chni

ques

and

tech

nolo

gies

to se

cure

end

-to-e

nd

tele

com

syst

ems.

B

Rad

io N

avig

atio

n Sy

stem

s/Su

bsys

tem

s C

over

s rad

io n

avig

atio

n te

chni

ques

and

te

chno

logi

es, e

lem

ents

and

subs

yste

ms

capa

ble

of g

ener

atin

g, re

ceiv

ing,

exp

loiti

ng

and

anal

ysin

g th

e si

gnal

s fro

m c

urre

nt a

nd

upco

min

g ra

dio

navi

gatio

n sy

stem

s (G

PS,

Glo

nass

, EG

NO

S, G

alile

o), i

nclu

ding

syst

em

tool

s and

nav

igat

ion

equi

pmen

t.

I N

avig

atio

n Sy

stem

Too

ls C

over

ing

all a

spec

ts re

late

d to

gro

und

and

spac

e na

viga

tion

syst

ems,

subs

yste

ms,

Sign

al in

Spa

ce, s

imul

ator

s, an

alys

is to

ols a

nd

met

hodo

logi

es.

II

Gro

und

Rec

eive

rs

Cov

erin

g al

l tec

hnol

ogie

s rel

ated

to R

F an

d ba

seba

nd a

spec

ts,

posi

tioni

ng a

nd in

tegr

ity a

lgor

ithm

s, in

tegr

atio

n w

ith o

ther

sens

ors,

loca

l aug

men

tatio

n, a

nd in

tegr

atio

n w

ith te

leco

mm

unic

atio

n sy

stem

s an

d se

rvic

es.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

6 R

F Sy

stem

s, Pa

yloa

ds a

nd

Tec

hnol

ogie

s (co

nt.)

B

Rad

io N

avig

atio

n Sy

stem

s/Su

bsys

tem

s (c

ont.)

II

I O

nboa

rd R

ecei

vers

C

over

ing

all a

spec

ts re

late

d to

nav

igat

ion

spac

e re

ceiv

ers o

r re

fere

nce

rece

iver

s, al

gorit

hms a

nd te

chno

logi

es.

IV

Form

atio

n-fly

ing

RF

met

rolo

gy

Cov

erin

g al

l asp

ects

rela

ted

to h

igh

accu

racy

RF

met

rolo

gy re

quire

d fo

r for

mat

ion-

flyin

g ap

plic

atio

ns, i

nclu

ding

alg

orith

m te

chno

logy

an

d to

ols.

C

TT

&C

and

Pay

load

Dat

a M

odul

ator

(P

DM

) Sys

tem

s/Su

bsys

tem

s C

over

s bot

h sp

acec

raft

TT&

C/P

DM

te

chni

ques

and

tech

nolo

gies

, spa

ce-li

nk

com

mun

icat

ions

(RF,

hyb

rid R

F/op

tical

sy

stem

s, si

gnal

cod

ing/

mod

ulat

ion,

rang

ing

tech

niqu

es, r

adio

scie

nce

expe

rimen

ts) a

nd

prox

imity

link

s.

I T

T&

C S

yste

m T

ools

Cov

erin

g al

l asp

ects

rela

ted

to T

T&C

syst

ems (

codi

ng, m

odul

atio

n,

mul

tiple

xing

, lin

k an

alys

is, i

nter

fere

nce)

and

subs

yste

m a

naly

sis

tool

s and

met

hodo

logi

es.

II

Dee

p-Sp

ace

Tran

spon

ders

C

over

ing

all a

spec

ts re

late

d to

the

desi

gn a

nd d

evel

opm

ent o

f dee

p-sp

ace

TT&

C tr

ansp

onde

rs.

III

Nea

r-E

arth

Tra

nspo

nder

s C

over

ing

all a

spec

ts re

late

d to

the

desi

gn a

nd d

evel

opm

ent o

f nea

r-Ea

rth T

T&C

tran

spon

ders

. IV

Pr

oxim

ity L

ink

Cov

erin

g al

l asp

ects

rela

ted

to th

e de

sign

and

dev

elop

men

t of u

nits

fo

r pro

xim

ity li

nk a

pplic

atio

ns.

V

Hig

h-sp

eed

Dow

nlin

k PD

M

Cov

erin

g al

l asp

ects

rela

ted

to (c

oded

) mod

ems f

or h

igh-

spee

d pa

yloa

d do

wnl

ink

(e.g

. for

EO

, DR

S ap

plic

atio

ns).

D

RF

Payl

oads

C

over

s tel

ecom

mun

icat

ion

payl

oads

(tr

ansp

aren

t and

rege

nera

tive)

, rem

ote

sens

ing

inst

rum

ents

, and

nav

igat

ion

payl

oads

ex

ploi

ting

anal

ogue

, dig

ital a

nd o

ptic

al

tech

nolo

gies

.

I Pa

yloa

d To

ols

Adv

ance

d si

mul

atio

n to

ols a

nd a

naly

sis p

arad

igm

s for

com

plex

pa

yloa

ds fo

r Tel

ecom

/EO

/Nav

igat

ion.

II

T

elec

omm

unic

atio

n Pa

yloa

ds

Cov

erin

g te

leco

mm

unic

atio

n pa

yloa

ds a

nd a

rchi

tect

ures

en

com

pass

ing

RF,

dig

ital a

nd o

ptic

al te

chno

logi

es.

III

EO

Inst

rum

ents

C

over

ing

EO in

stru

men

ts b

oth

pass

ive

(e.g

. rad

iom

eter

s, G

NSS

-R)

and

activ

e (e

.g. S

AR

, alti

met

ers,

RF

soun

ding

). IV

N

avig

atio

n Pa

yloa

ds

Cov

erin

g na

viga

tion

payl

oad

syst

ems a

nd su

bsys

tem

s.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

6 R

F Sy

stem

s, Pa

yloa

ds a

nd

Tec

hnol

ogie

s (co

nt.)

E R

F T

echn

olog

ies a

nd E

quip

men

t C

over

s RF

equi

pmen

t, su

bsys

tem

s and

bu

ildin

g bl

ocks

, act

ive

and

pass

ive

com

pone

nts,

and

rela

ted

desi

gn a

nd

char

acte

risat

ion

tool

s in

the

who

le R

F do

mai

n.

(Not

e 6-

E-1:

All

quas

i-opt

ic a

nd fr

ee-s

pace

as

pect

s are

cov

ered

by

TD7

and

TD12

) (N

ote

6-E-

2: A

ll qu

ality

asp

ects

are

cov

ered

by

TD

23 a

nd T

D25

) (N

ote

6-E-

3: A

ll gr

ound

stat

ion

RF

tech

nolo

gies

for T

T&C

and

pay

load

dat

a ar

e co

vere

d by

TD

12)

I R

F M

odel

ling

and

Des

ign

Tool

s C

over

ing

desi

gn a

nd a

naly

sis t

ools

for R

F eq

uipm

ent a

nd

com

pone

nts.

II

RF

Equ

ipm

ent

Cov

erin

g R

F eq

uipm

ent a

nd su

bsys

tem

s (e.

g. S

SPA

s, LN

As,

freq

uenc

y co

nver

ters

and

mul

tiplie

rs, l

ocal

osc

illat

ors a

nd

synt

hesi

sers

, mul

tiple

xers

). II

I R

F D

evic

es

Cov

erin

g th

e de

sign

, spe

cific

atio

n, d

evel

opm

ent a

nd

char

acte

risat

ion

of a

ctiv

e de

vice

s (e.

g. d

iode

s, tra

nsis

tors

, mix

ers,

mul

tiplie

rs, i

nteg

rate

d ci

rcui

ts) a

nd p

assi

ve d

evic

es (e

.g. f

ilter

s, re

sona

tors

, MEM

S de

vice

s, ca

bles

and

con

nect

ors)

, inc

ludi

ng

pack

agin

g an

d in

terc

onne

ctio

n.

IV

Vac

uum

Ele

ctro

nics

C

over

ing

tech

nolo

gies

and

tech

niqu

es re

late

d to

hig

h-po

wer

RF

ampl

ifica

tion

usin

g va

cuum

ele

ctro

nic

devi

ces (

e.g.

TW

T).

V

Tim

e an

d Fr

eque

ncy

C

over

ing

the

tech

niqu

es a

nd te

chno

logi

es fo

r the

gen

erat

ion

of

refe

renc

e si

gnal

s (os

cilla

tors

and

clo

cks o

f all

type

s, e.

g. q

uartz

, V

CO

s/N

CO

s, R

b, C

s, H

-mas

er) a

nd th

eir m

eans

for c

ompa

rison

and

di

ssem

inat

ion

as re

quire

d fo

r tel

ecom

, nav

igat

ion

and

scie

nce

appl

icat

ions

. (N

ote

6-E-

V-1:

Opt

ical

ato

mic

clo

cks a

re c

over

ed in

17-

C-I

V)

VI

RF

Mea

sure

men

t, C

hara

cter

isat

ion

and

Cal

ibra

tion

Tec

hniq

ues

Cov

erin

g R

F eq

uipm

ent a

nd c

ompo

nent

s, in

clud

ing

for h

igh-

pow

er,

coro

na a

nd m

ultip

acto

r tes

ting.

7

Ele

ctro

mag

netic

Tec

hnol

ogie

s an

d T

echn

ique

s C

over

s ant

enna

s and

rela

ted

tech

nolo

gies

, wav

e in

tera

ctio

n an

d pr

opag

atio

n, a

nd e

lect

rom

agne

tic

com

patib

ility

.

A

Ant

enna

s C

over

ing

ante

nna

syst

ems a

nd a

rchi

tect

ures

, de

sign

tool

s, te

chno

logi

es a

nd m

easu

rem

ent

tech

niqu

es fo

r var

ious

app

licat

ions

for s

pace

sy

stem

s and

gro

und

user

s, up

to T

Hz

freq

uenc

ies,

such

as c

omm

unic

atio

ns,

navi

gatio

n or

sens

ing,

spac

ecra

ft po

intin

g,

TT&

C, e

tc.

(Not

e 7-

A-1:

Gro

und

TT&

C a

nten

nas a

re

cove

red

in 1

2-A-

II)

I A

nten

na D

esig

n To

ols

Cov

erin

g m

odel

ling,

synt

hesi

s and

opt

imis

atio

n te

chni

ques

and

tool

de

velo

pmen

t for

new

type

s of a

nten

nas a

nd th

eir f

eed

netw

orks

, ar

rays

, ref

lect

or a

nd sm

all a

nten

nas,

both

isol

ated

and

in th

e sp

acec

raft

envi

ronm

ent.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

7 E

lect

rom

agne

tic T

echn

olog

ies

and

Tec

hniq

ues (

cont

.) A

A

nten

nas (

cont

.) II

R

efle

ctor

and

Len

s Ant

enna

s C

over

ing

sing

le a

nd m

ultip

le b

eam

refle

ctor

ant

enna

arc

hite

ctur

es,

refle

ctor

des

ign,

mul

tiple

refle

ctor

s, re

conf

igur

able

refle

ctor

an

tenn

as, s

hape

d, u

nfur

labl

e an

d fo

ldab

le re

flect

ors,

freq

uenc

y- a

nd

pola

risat

ion-

sele

ctiv

e su

rfac

es, a

ctiv

e an

d pa

ssiv

e le

nses

, fee

d el

emen

ts a

nd fe

ed a

rray

s with

thei

r fee

d ne

twor

ks, r

efle

ct-a

rray

s. II

I A

rray

Ant

enna

s and

Sta

ndal

one

Rad

iato

rs

Cov

erin

g pl

anar

and

con

form

al a

rray

s, m

ulti-

freq

uenc

y ar

rays

, dua

l-po

laris

atio

n ar

rays

, act

ive,

sem

i-act

ive

and

pass

ive

arra

ys. S

mal

l ar

rays

and

stan

dalo

ne ra

diat

ors f

or m

ediu

m a

nd lo

w g

ain

appl

icat

ions

for s

pace

craf

t and

for u

ser t

erm

inal

s. A

rray

feed

ne

twor

ks. E

lect

roni

c sc

anni

ng a

rray

s. Fi

xed

and

stee

rabl

e be

am

arra

ys fo

r fix

ed a

nd m

obile

use

r ter

min

als.

Sate

llite

TT&

C

stan

dalo

ne a

nd m

ulti-

elem

ent a

nten

nas.

IV

Mill

imet

re-W

ave

and

Sub-

Mill

imet

re-W

ave

Ant

enna

Fro

nt-

End

s C

over

ing

ante

nnas

, ins

trum

ents

, new

arc

hite

ctur

es a

nd te

chno

logi

es

for T

Hz

pass

ive

and

activ

e re

mot

e se

nsin

g in

stru

men

ts su

ch a

s ra

diom

eter

s, im

ager

s, lim

b so

unde

rs. A

lso

refle

ctor

s and

qua

si-o

ptic

as

sem

blie

s, fo

cal p

lane

arr

ays a

nd fr

ont-e

nds.

V

M

easu

rem

ent,

Cha

ract

erisa

tion

and

Cal

ibra

tion

Tec

hniq

ues f

or

Rad

iativ

e Pa

yloa

ds a

nd A

nten

nas

Cov

erin

g ne

w a

nten

na a

nd p

aylo

ad m

easu

rem

ent t

echn

ique

s (e.

g.

for m

ulti-

beam

pay

load

s), v

alid

atio

n of

mod

ellin

g so

ftwar

e,

tech

niqu

es fo

r mea

sure

men

t of a

nten

nas i

n th

e sp

acec

raft

envi

ronm

ent,

inte

ract

ions

bet

wee

n an

tenn

as, m

illim

etre

-wav

e an

d TH

z an

tenn

as. R

F ch

arac

teris

atio

n of

refle

ctiv

e an

d tra

nspa

rent

m

ater

ials

. B

W

ave

Inte

ract

ion

and

Prop

agat

ion

Cov

erin

g te

chno

logi

es a

nd te

chni

ques

rela

ted

to p

ropa

gatio

n m

odel

s and

mod

ellin

g te

chni

ques

, int

erfe

renc

e m

odel

ling

and

expe

rimen

tatio

n, w

ave

inte

ract

ion

mod

ellin

g,

and

asso

ciat

ed re

triev

al a

lgor

ithm

s and

m

odel

s. A

pplic

atio

ns a

re te

leco

mm

unic

atio

ns,

navi

gatio

n, re

mot

e se

nsin

g (b

oth

for E

arth

and

pl

anet

s), T

T&C

and

pay

load

dat

a tra

nsfe

r.

I W

ave

Inte

ract

ion

Cov

erin

g m

odel

ling

of w

ave

inte

ract

ions

for p

assi

ve a

nd a

ctiv

e m

icro

wav

e an

d op

tical

rem

ote

sens

ing

of a

tmos

pher

e, su

rfac

e an

d su

bsur

face

feat

ures

of E

arth

and

pla

nets

. Ret

rieva

l alg

orith

ms.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

7 E

lect

rom

agne

tic T

echn

olog

ies

and

Tec

hniq

ues (

cont

.) B

W

ave

Inte

ract

ion

and

Prop

agat

ion

(con

t.)

II

Wav

e Pr

opag

atio

n C

over

ing

prop

agat

ion

and

inte

rfer

ence

mod

els a

nd th

eir v

alid

atio

n at

mic

row

ave

and

optic

al fr

eque

ncie

s thr

ough

Ear

th a

nd p

lane

tary

at

mos

pher

e, st

rato

sphe

re, i

onos

pher

e. M

icro

wav

e pr

opag

atio

n in

ur

ban

and

indo

or e

nviro

nmen

ts. L

ink

budg

ets i

n co

mpl

ex

prop

agat

ion

envi

ronm

ents

. C

E

MC

/RFC

/ESD

C

over

ing

desi

gn, m

odel

s, si

mul

atio

n, te

stin

g te

chni

ques

and

tech

nolo

gies

in th

e fie

lds o

f el

ectro

mag

netic

com

patib

ility

(EM

C),

radi

o fr

eque

ncy

com

patib

ility

(RFC

), el

ectro

stat

ic

disc

harg

e (E

SD),

and

mag

netic

cle

anlin

ess.

I E

MC

Mod

ellin

g an

d Si

mul

atio

n C

over

ing

deve

lopm

ent o

f spe

cific

EM

C m

odel

s and

sim

ulat

ion

tool

s fo

r app

licat

ion

to sp

acec

raft.

II

E

MC

Tes

t Tec

hniq

ues

Cov

erin

g va

lidat

ion

of n

ew E

MC

des

igns

and

nov

el E

MC

and

m

agne

tost

atic

test

met

hods

for a

pplic

atio

n to

spac

ecra

ft.

8 Sy

stem

Des

ign

& V

erifi

catio

n C

over

s tec

hnol

ogy,

met

hods

and

to

ols t

o su

ppor

t sys

tem

eng

inee

ring

proc

esse

s (sp

ecifi

catio

n, d

esig

n,

and

verif

icat

ion)

of s

pace

syst

ems

durin

g th

e co

mpl

ete

mis

sion

lif

ecyc

le (p

hase

s 0 to

F).

Focu

ses

on re

duci

ng th

e sc

hedu

le a

nd/o

r co

st o

f dev

elop

men

t of t

he sp

ace

syst

em (i

.e. s

pace

and

gro

und

segm

ent)

whi

lst c

ontro

lling

qua

lity

and

risk

(mis

sion

succ

ess)

to th

e re

quire

d le

vel.

It co

vers

new

pa

radi

gms (

e.g.

mod

el-b

ased

sy

stem

s eng

inee

ring)

, app

roac

hes

and

tech

niqu

es fo

r the

dev

elop

men

t of

spac

e sy

stem

s, w

hich

are

mos

tly

com

mon

to se

vera

l ser

vice

do

mai

ns.

A

Mis

sion

and

Sys

tem

Spe

cific

atio

n C

over

ing

the

early

pha

ses o

f a p

roje

ct

deve

lopm

ent l

ife c

ycle

, foc

usin

g on

re

quire

men

t eng

inee

ring,

spec

ifica

tion

and

arch

itect

ure

form

ulat

ion.

I Sp

ecifi

catio

n M

etho

ds a

nd T

ools

M

etho

ds a

nd to

ols t

o su

ppor

t the

cap

ture

, mod

ellin

g an

d va

lidat

ion

of re

quire

men

ts, i

nclu

ding

def

initi

on a

nd fo

rmal

isat

ion

of sy

stem

ar

chite

ctur

es.

II

Req

uire

men

t Eng

inee

ring

M

etho

ds a

nd to

ols t

o su

ppor

t the

syst

em re

quire

men

t eng

inee

ring

proc

ess,

incl

udin

g re

quire

men

t man

agem

ent a

nd re

late

d da

taba

se

issu

es.

B

Col

labo

rativ

e an

d C

oncu

rren

t Eng

inee

ring

C

over

ing

aspe

cts r

elat

ed to

the

proc

ess o

f co

ncur

rent

eng

inee

ring

as w

ell a

s the

dat

a un

derly

ing

mul

tidis

cipl

inar

y co

llabo

ratio

n.

I C

oncu

rren

t Des

ign

Incl

udes

met

hods

and

tool

s to

prov

ide

an in

tegr

ated

env

ironm

ent f

or

the

conc

urre

nt d

esig

n of

a m

issi

on/s

yste

m.

II

Dat

a E

xcha

nge

Cov

erin

g m

etho

ds a

nd st

anda

rds t

o su

ppor

t the

exc

hang

e of

m

ultid

isci

plin

ary

data

, foc

usin

g on

the

data

asp

ects

of c

olla

bora

tive

engi

neer

ing.

II

I C

olla

bora

tive

Eng

inee

ring

C

over

s met

hods

and

tool

s to

supp

ort c

olla

bora

tion

of re

mot

ely-

loca

ted

engi

neer

ing

team

s and

acc

ess t

o re

mot

e m

odel

s/da

ta.

Incl

udes

asp

ects

of i

nter

oper

abili

ty a

nd d

eplo

ymen

t of

corr

espo

ndin

g to

ols.

C

Syst

em A

naly

sis a

nd D

esig

n In

clud

ing

syst

em-to

-sub

syst

em in

tera

ctio

n an

d in

terf

aces

, rel

atio

nshi

ps b

etw

een

dom

ain-

leve

l an

alys

es a

nd sy

stem

-leve

l ana

lyse

s.

I D

esig

n an

d Si

mul

atio

n In

clud

es m

etho

ds a

nd to

ols t

o su

ppor

t the

mod

ellin

g an

d si

mul

atio

n-ba

sed

desi

gn a

nd v

erifi

catio

n at

syst

em le

vel.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

8 Sy

stem

Des

ign

& V

erifi

catio

n (c

ont.)

C

Sy

stem

Ana

lysi

s and

Des

ign

(con

t.)

II

Mul

tidis

cipl

inar

y A

naly

sis

Incl

udes

met

hods

and

tool

s to

supp

ort c

oord

inat

ed a

naly

ses f

or

diff

eren

t tec

hnic

al d

isci

plin

es.

D

Syst

em V

erifi

catio

n an

d A

IT

Cov

erin

g m

etho

ds, t

ools

and

infr

astru

ctur

e ne

cess

ary

to in

tegr

ate

and

verif

y sp

ace

syst

ems.

I A

dvan

ced

AIT

Met

hods

C

over

ing

adva

nced

met

hods

, too

ls a

nd st

anda

rds t

o su

ppor

t the

as

sem

bly,

inte

grat

ion

and

test

ing

plus

ver

ifica

tion

of sp

ace

syst

ems

acro

ss th

e lif

e cy

cle.

II

G

roun

d Su

ppor

t Equ

ipm

ent

Cov

erin

g ad

vanc

ed to

ols a

nd st

anda

rds f

or su

ppor

ting

grou

nd

activ

ities

in a

ll do

mai

ns a

cros

s the

life

cyc

le.

(Not

e 8-

D-I

I-1: G

SE fo

r pro

puls

ion

syst

ems i

s inc

lude

d in

19-

D-I

V)

9 M

issi

on O

pera

tion

and

Gro

und

Dat

a Sy

stem

s A

ddre

sses

asp

ects

rela

ted

to th

e co

ntro

l and

ope

ratio

ns o

f spa

ce

syst

em e

lem

ents

(sat

ellit

es, t

rans

fer

vehi

cles

, orb

iters

, lan

ders

, pro

bes,

rove

rs, e

tc.)

and

rela

ted

grou

nd

segm

ents

, add

ress

ing

the

tech

nolo

gies

ass

ocia

ted

with

su

ppor

ting

syst

ems a

nd to

ols.

A

Adv

ance

d Sy

stem

Con

cept

s C

over

ing

stud

ies,

tech

nolo

gy in

vest

igat

ions

an

d pr

otot

ypin

g re

late

d to

the

impl

emen

tatio

n an

d va

lidat

ion

of in

nova

tive

or a

dvan

ced

syst

em a

nd m

issi

on o

pera

tion

conc

epts

.

- -

B

Mis

sion

Ope

ratio

ns

Cov

erin

g as

pect

s rel

ated

to o

pera

tion

proc

esse

s and

mis

sion

con

trol c

once

pts,

incl

udin

g au

tom

atio

n, a

uton

omy

at v

ario

us

leve

ls a

nd d

istri

butio

n/de

cent

ralis

atio

n,

oper

atio

ns su

ppor

t pro

cess

es (s

uch

as

oper

atio

n tra

inin

g) a

nd a

ssoc

iate

d to

ols,

depe

ndab

ility

of o

pera

tion

syst

ems a

nd

proc

esse

s.

I D

istr

ibut

ed a

nd D

ecen

tral

ised

Ope

ratio

ns

Incl

udes

ope

ratio

ns o

f sin

gle

mis

sion

s and

fam

ilies

of m

issi

ons,

form

atio

n fly

ing

and

cons

tella

tions

. II

A

utom

atio

n, A

uton

omy

and

Mis

sion

Plan

ning

Con

cept

s In

clud

es c

once

pts f

or a

utom

atio

n an

d m

issi

on p

lann

ing

of g

roun

d da

ta sy

stem

s and

spac

ecra

ft op

erat

ions

. II

I O

pera

tion

Supp

ort P

roce

sses

C

over

ing

aspe

cts s

uch

as o

pera

tion

prep

arat

ion,

kno

wle

dge

trans

fer

from

man

ufac

ture

r to

oper

atio

ns, t

rain

ing,

dep

enda

bilit

y of

op

erat

ion

syst

ems a

nd p

roce

sses

. C

G

roun

d D

ata

Syst

ems

Cov

erin

g te

chno

logi

es a

nd te

chni

ques

rela

ted

to m

issi

on c

ontro

l sys

tem

s (M

CS’

s), S

IM a

nd

DC

arc

hite

ctur

es, t

echn

ique

s and

tool

s for

op

erat

ions

pla

nnin

g an

d sc

hedu

ling,

co

mm

onal

ities

of A

IV a

nd o

pera

tions

, de

cisi

on su

ppor

t and

pro

cess

con

trol,

oper

atio

ns d

ata

arch

ivin

g an

d ac

cess

, hum

an–

com

pute

r int

erfa

ces (

HC

Is).

I M

issi

on C

ontr

ol S

yste

m, A

utom

atio

n, M

issi

on P

lann

ing,

Si

mul

ator

s and

Sta

tion

M&

C a

nd D

ata

Cen

tre

Arc

hite

ctur

e an

d T

echn

olog

ies

Incl

udes

arc

hite

ctur

al c

once

pts,

defin

ition

of a

gen

eral

fram

ewor

k, a

se

t of b

uild

ing

bloc

ks/li

brar

ies f

or a

ny ty

pe o

f mis

sion

and

stat

e of

th

e ar

t tec

hnol

ogie

s for

Gro

und

Segm

ent C

SOS

(Com

plex

Sys

tem

of

Sys

tem

s).

II

Prep

arat

ion

and

Proc

edur

e T

ools

Taki

ng in

to a

ccou

nt c

omm

onal

ities

with

EG

SE re

quire

men

ts.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

9 M

issi

on O

pera

tion

and

Gro

und

Dat

a Sy

stem

s (co

nt.)

C

Gro

und

Dat

a Sy

stem

s (co

nt.)

III

Hum

an–C

ompu

ter

Inte

rfac

es a

nd T

echn

olog

ies

Incl

udes

fram

ewor

ks, t

oolk

its a

nd o

ther

aid

ing

tool

s tha

t eas

e th

e de

finiti

on o

f HC

I, sh

arin

g a

com

mon

look

and

feel

and

usa

bilit

y.

10

Flig

ht D

ynam

ics a

nd G

NSS

C

ompr

ises

the

activ

ities

rela

ted

to

the

anal

ysis

and

def

initi

on o

f tra

ject

ory

aspe

cts o

f spa

ce p

roje

cts,

know

n as

mis

sion

ana

lysi

s. It

incl

udes

all

oper

atio

nal g

roun

d ac

tiviti

es re

late

d to

the

mea

sure

men

t and

con

trol o

f sp

acec

raft

orbi

t and

atti

tude

. Fu

rther

mor

e it

deal

s with

the

prov

isio

n of

pre

cise

nav

igat

ion

serv

ices

to b

oth

grou

nd a

nd sp

ace-

base

d us

ers a

nd a

lso

the

prov

isio

n of

the

geod

etic

refe

renc

e fr

ame.

A

Flig

ht D

ynam

ics (

FD)

Flig

ht d

ynam

ics s

uppo

rt ad

dres

ses t

he

traje

ctor

y an

d at

titud

e as

pect

s of s

pace

m

issi

ons.

This

incl

udes

the

pre-

fligh

t tra

ject

ory

desi

gn (m

issi

on a

naly

sis)

. In

fligh

t, it

incl

udes

the

dete

rmin

atio

n an

d co

ntro

l of

traje

ctor

y an

d at

titud

e of

the

spac

ecra

ft,

mon

itorin

g of

spac

ecra

ft A

OC

S an

d ge

nera

tion

of o

rbit-

and

atti

tude

-rel

ated

co

mm

and

para

met

ers.

The

FD d

omai

n of

ex

perti

se c

ompr

ises

mat

hem

atic

s, dy

nam

ics,

optim

isat

ion

and

envi

ronm

ent m

odel

ling.

FD

su

ppor

t is m

issi

on c

ritic

al a

nd th

us m

ust b

e co

rrec

t, ro

bust

, rel

iabl

e an

d fle

xibl

e.

I M

issi

on A

naly

sis a

nd T

raje

ctor

y D

esig

n C

over

s pre

-flig

ht sp

acec

raft

mis

sion

des

ign,

traj

ecto

ry o

ptim

isat

ion

and

laun

ch w

indo

w c

alcu

latio

ns.

II

Adv

ance

d Fl

ight

Dyn

amic

s Ope

ratio

ns

Cov

ers h

igh-

prec

isio

n na

viga

tion

at m

inor

bod

ies,

inte

rpla

neta

ry

RV

D a

nd fo

rmat

ion

cont

rol,

FD su

ppor

t to

GN

C sy

stem

s inc

ludi

ng

nove

l sen

sors

and

act

uato

rs; a

eroc

aptu

re a

nd a

erob

raki

ng; e

ntry

, de

scen

t and

land

ing;

hig

h-pr

ecis

ion

form

atio

n-fly

ing

cont

rol;

high

-pr

ecis

ion

orbi

t con

trol f

or E

arth

obs

erva

tion.

II

I A

dvan

ced

Flig

ht D

ynam

ics P

roce

sses

and

Too

ls

Cov

ers a

utom

atio

n of

flig

ht d

ynam

ics o

pera

tions

, adv

ance

d m

odul

es

of F

D a

pplic

atio

n SW

and

adv

ance

d op

erat

iona

l pro

cess

es.

B

GN

SS H

igh-

Prec

isio

n D

ata

Proc

essi

ng

Cov

ers o

pera

tion

of G

NSS

sens

or n

etw

orks

, G

NSS

-rel

ated

dat

a pr

oces

sing

, tec

hniq

ues f

or

prec

ise

orbi

t- an

d cl

ock-

dete

rmin

atio

n co

ncep

ts fo

r MEO

s and

LEO

s and

sate

llite

ge

odes

y.

I G

roun

d T

rack

ing

Net

wor

ks

Cov

ers t

he d

eplo

ymen

t, op

erat

ion

and

data

col

lect

ion

for G

NSS

se

nsor

stat

ions

, net

wor

k m

anag

emen

t, da

ta h

andl

ing

serv

ices

. II

G

NSS

and

Geo

detic

Dat

a Pr

oces

sing

M

odel

s, al

gorit

hms,

data

mon

itorin

g, d

ata

qual

ity a

sses

smen

t and

de

liver

y of

serv

ices

and

pro

duct

s. II

I M

EO

and

LEO

Pre

cise

Orb

it D

eter

min

atio

n A

lgor

ithm

s O

rbit

dyna

mic

s and

rela

ted

mod

els,

anal

ytic

al a

nd n

umer

ical

al

gorit

hms,

for r

ealti

me

(gro

und)

and

non

-rea

ltim

e (o

nboa

rd/g

roun

d) d

ata

proc

essi

ng, p

erfo

rman

ce a

naly

sis.

IV

Geo

detic

Ref

eren

ce F

ram

es

Sate

llite

geo

desy

, sta

ndar

ds, p

roce

ssin

g of

diff

eren

t obs

erva

tions

.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

11

Spac

e D

ebri

s C

over

ing

all a

spec

ts re

late

d to

kn

owle

dge

of th

e m

eteo

roid

and

de

bris

env

ironm

ent i

nclu

ding

spac

e su

rvei

llanc

e, d

atab

ases

, ass

essi

ng

debr

is ri

sk le

vels

for c

urre

nt a

nd

futu

re m

issi

ons,

reen

try o

f spa

ce

obje

cts,

hype

r vel

ocity

impa

cts a

nd

prot

ectio

n, a

nd m

itiga

tion

mea

sure

s.

A

Gro

und-

and

Spa

ce-b

ased

Deb

ris a

nd

Met

eoro

id M

easu

rem

ents

In

clud

es g

roun

d- a

nd sp

ace-

base

d m

easu

rem

ents

and

rela

ted

tech

nolo

gy

deve

lopm

ents

.

I G

roun

d-ba

sed

Rad

ar M

easu

rem

ents

of D

ebri

s and

Met

eoro

ids

Bea

mpa

rk e

xper

imen

ts, o

bser

vatio

n an

d pe

rfor

man

ce m

odel

ling

for

track

ing

and

surv

eilla

nce

sens

ors,

com

paris

on o

f mea

sure

men

ts a

nd

mod

els.

Proc

essi

ng o

f rad

ar tr

acki

ng d

ata

e.g.

to re

cons

titut

e or

bits

of

unc

orre

late

d ob

ject

s for

ope

ratio

nal c

ollis

ion

avoi

danc

e an

d an

omal

y re

solu

tion.

II

G

roun

d-ba

sed

Opt

ical

Mea

sure

men

ts o

f Deb

ris a

nd M

eteo

roid

s H

igh-

altit

ude

surv

eys f

or fa

int o

bjec

ts. F

ollo

w-u

p an

d ca

talo

gue

mai

nten

ance

of o

bjec

ts in

hig

h-al

titud

e or

bits

. Dev

elop

men

t and

op

erat

ion

of p

lann

ing

and

proc

essi

ng so

ftwar

e fo

r opt

ical

m

easu

rem

ents

of a

rtific

ial o

bjec

ts. O

rbit

dete

rmin

atio

n an

d ob

serv

atio

ns fo

r ano

mal

y re

solu

tion.

Pla

nnin

g an

d pe

rfor

man

ce

anal

ysis

for o

ptic

al sp

ace-

base

d se

nsor

s. II

I In

situ

Rad

ar a

nd O

ptic

al M

easu

rem

ents

of D

ebri

s and

M

eteo

roid

s Sp

ace-

base

d ra

dar a

nd o

ptic

al d

etec

tion

tech

niqu

es to

cha

ract

eris

e th

e sm

all-p

artic

le e

nviro

nmen

t. D

evel

opm

ent,

fligh

t and

dat

a ev

alua

tion.

B

M

odel

ling

and

Ris

k A

naly

sis

Incl

udes

pop

ulat

ion

mod

els f

or m

eteo

roid

s an

d de

bris

(cur

rent

and

futu

re e

volu

tion)

, st

atis

tical

and

ope

ratio

nal r

isk

anal

ysis

in

spac

e an

d re

entry

surv

ivab

ility

and

safe

ty

anal

ysis

on

the

grou

nd.

I D

ebri

s and

Met

eoro

id E

nvir

onm

ent M

odel

s D

evel

opm

ent a

nd a

pplic

atio

n of

mod

els f

or th

e ch

arac

teris

atio

n of

im

pact

flux

on

orbi

tal s

urfa

ces.

Dev

elop

men

t and

ope

ratio

n of

da

taba

ses o

n sp

ace

obje

cts,

laun

ch a

nd sp

ace

even

t inf

orm

atio

n.

II

In-o

rbit

Ris

ks

Ope

ratio

nal c

ollis

ion

avoi

danc

e, c

onju

nctio

n de

tect

ion

and

anal

ysis

, or

bit r

efin

emen

t, av

oida

nce

man

oeuv

re o

ptim

isat

ion.

Sta

tistic

al ri

sk

asse

ssm

ent a

nd a

naly

sis o

f req

uire

men

ts fo

r col

lisio

n av

oida

nce

(del

ta-V

, rem

aini

ng ri

sk) f

or m

issi

on p

lann

ing.

II

I R

eent

ry R

isks

St

ruct

ural

ana

lysi

s to

dete

rmin

e th

e su

rviv

abili

ty o

f spa

cecr

aft

com

pone

nts u

nder

the

influ

ence

of a

erot

herm

al a

nd a

erod

ynam

ic

stre

ss d

urin

g co

ntro

lled

and

unco

ntro

lled

reen

tries

. Dev

elop

men

t of

sim

ulat

ion

mod

els a

nd m

odel

s of t

he sp

acec

raft

geom

etry

, mat

eria

ls.

Com

puta

tion

of g

roun

d sa

fety

. Pre

dict

ion

of re

entry

win

dow

s (da

te

and

loca

tion)

of r

isk

obje

cts f

rom

surv

eilla

nce

data

.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

11

Spac

e D

ebri

s (co

nt.)

C

Deb

ris M

itiga

tion,

Deb

ris E

nvir

onm

ent

Rem

edia

tion

and

Prot

ectio

n In

clud

es id

entif

icat

ion,

stan

dard

isat

ion

and

verif

icat

ion

of th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of

miti

gatio

n m

easu

res a

nd a

ccom

pany

ing

mod

els,

envi

ronm

ent p

redi

ctio

n m

odel

ling,

ac

tive

rem

oval

tech

niqu

es a

s wel

l as H

VI t

est

tech

niqu

es, d

evel

opm

ent a

nd v

alid

atio

n of

nu

mer

ical

sim

ulat

ions

, eva

luat

ion

and

mod

ellin

g of

mat

eria

ls fo

r shi

eldi

ng.

I Sp

ace

Deb

ris M

itiga

tion

Dev

elop

men

t of m

odel

s and

tool

s for

the

anal

ysis

of m

itiga

tion

requ

irem

ents

for a

spac

e m

issi

on, w

hich

incl

udes

the

pred

ictio

n of

or

bita

l life

time,

fuel

ass

essm

ents

, ree

ntry

surv

ivab

ility

and

mis

sion

su

rviv

abili

ty w

ith re

spec

t to

debr

is im

pact

s, as

wel

l as

stan

dard

isat

ion

of th

ese

activ

ities

. II

Sp

ace

Deb

ris E

nvir

onm

ent R

emed

iatio

n Lo

ng-te

rm e

nviro

nmen

t pro

ject

ions

usi

ng m

odel

s for

traf

fic a

nd

miti

gatio

n ac

tions

. Ide

ntifi

catio

n of

rem

oval

targ

ets a

nd e

valu

atio

n of

rem

oval

opt

ions

. II

I Pr

otec

tion

agai

nst D

ebri

s and

Met

eoro

ids

Test

ing,

eva

luat

ion

and

deve

lopm

ent o

f HV

I tes

t tec

hniq

ues,

deve

lopm

ent a

nd v

alid

atio

n of

num

eric

al si

mul

atio

ns, e

valu

atio

n an

d m

odel

ling

of m

ater

ials

und

er H

VI,

impa

ct d

amag

e da

ta o

n S/

C

conf

igur

atio

n, sh

ield

opt

imis

atio

n.

12

Gro

und

Stat

ion

Syst

ems a

nd

Net

wor

ks

This

dom

ain

cove

rs a

ll el

emen

ts

and

know

how

requ

ired

for

engi

neer

ing

of th

e fa

cilit

ies t

hat

conn

ect t

he sp

ace

segm

ent w

ith

cont

rol c

entre

s. Th

e ap

plic

atio

n ra

nge

cove

rs h

igh-

perf

orm

ance

de

ep-s

pace

stat

ions

to n

etw

orks

of

smal

l gro

und

stat

ions

.

A

Gro

und

Stat

ion

Syst

em

Cov

erin

g te

chno

logi

es a

nd te

chni

ques

rela

ted

to th

e de

sign

of a

gro

und

stat

ion

syst

em a

nd

its c

onst

ituen

t ele

men

ts su

ch a

s gro

und

TT&

C

and

payl

oad

data

rece

ptio

n an

tenn

a sy

stem

s us

ing

RF

and

optic

al te

chni

ques

; tra

nsm

it an

d re

ceiv

e ra

dar a

nd o

ptic

al sy

stem

s for

gro

und-

base

d sp

ace

surv

eilla

nce;

TT&

C, r

adar

and

op

tical

sign

al a

nd d

ata

proc

essi

ng.

I A

dvan

ced

Gro

und

Stat

ion

Des

ign

Con

cept

s C

over

s des

ign

conc

epts

for R

F an

d op

tical

gro

und

stat

ions

for s

pace

co

mm

unic

atio

n an

d sp

ace

surv

eilla

nce

appl

icat

ions

. II

G

roun

d T

T&

C a

nd P

aylo

ad D

ata

Rec

eptio

n A

nten

na S

yste

ms

Incl

udes

RF

desi

gn, o

ptic

al d

esig

n, m

echa

nica

l stru

ctur

es, s

ervo

-m

echa

nism

s, an

d tra

ckin

g pr

oces

ses.

III

Mic

row

ave

and

Opt

ical

Act

ive/

Pass

ive

Syst

ems

Incl

udes

all

activ

e co

mpo

nent

s suc

h as

LN

As,

dete

ctor

s, H

PAs,

lase

rs, f

requ

ency

con

verte

rs, m

icro

wav

e so

urce

s, al

l pas

sive

co

mpo

nent

s suc

h as

filte

rs, s

witc

hes,

isol

ator

s, w

aveg

uide

s. IV

T

T&

C, R

adar

and

Opt

ical

Sig

nal &

Dat

a Pr

oces

sing

C

over

s tel

emet

ry re

ceiv

ers,

deco

ders

and

dem

odul

ator

s, te

leco

mm

and

mod

ulat

ors a

nd e

ncod

ers,

tele

met

ry d

ata

prep

roce

ssor

s, ra

ngin

g su

bsys

tem

s and

pre

cise

nav

igat

ion

tech

niqu

es.

V

Freq

uenc

y &

Tim

e G

ener

atio

n an

d D

istri

butio

n C

over

s all

mea

ns o

f fre

quen

cy g

ener

atio

n su

ch a

s ato

mic

clo

cks,

mas

ers a

nd c

ryst

al o

scill

ator

s. Ti

me

refe

renc

e ge

nera

tion

and

sync

hron

isat

ion.

(N

ote

12-E

-V-1

: Ref

eren

ce si

gnal

s req

uire

d fo

r nav

igat

ion,

tele

com

an

d sc

ienc

e ap

plic

atio

ns a

re c

over

ed in

6-E

-V)


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

12

Gro

und

Stat

ion

Syst

ems a

nd

Net

wor

ks (c

ont.)

B

G

roun

d C

omm

unic

atio

ns N

etw

orks

C

over

ing

all t

echn

olog

ical

asp

ects

for T

T&C

an

d pa

yloa

d da

ta d

istri

butio

n, re

late

d to

the

use

of m

oder

n co

mm

erci

al-o

ff-th

e-sh

elf

grou

nd c

omm

unic

atio

n te

chno

logy

/ser

vice

s, fo

r pro

vidi

ng c

ost/p

erfo

rman

ce e

ffec

tive

solu

tions

to th

e op

erat

ions

of s

pace

mis

sion

s.

I A

dvan

ced

Gro

und

Com

mun

icat

ion

Net

wor

king

Con

cept

s C

over

s new

des

ign

conc

epts

for d

ata/

com

mun

icat

ion

in th

e gr

ound

se

gmen

t. II

C

omm

unic

atio

n N

etw

ork

Tech

nolo

gies

and

Pro

toco

ls

Cov

ers i

ssue

s rel

ated

to c

omm

unic

atio

n an

d da

ta e

xcha

nge,

in

clud

ing

rout

ing

and

mod

em is

sues

as w

ell a

s net

wor

k pr

otoc

ols.

13

Aut

omat

ion,

Tel

epre

senc

e &

R

obot

ics

Cov

ers t

he sp

ecifi

catio

n,

deve

lopm

ent,

verif

icat

ion,

op

erat

ion

and

utili

satio

n of

spac

e au

tom

atio

n sy

stem

s. Su

ch sy

stem

s in

clud

e (1

) spa

ce ro

bot s

yste

ms

(com

pris

ing

both

arm

-bas

ed

syst

ems f

or in

spec

tion,

serv

icin

g an

d as

sem

bly

of sp

ace

syst

em

infr

astru

ctur

e or

pay

load

s and

m

obile

robo

ts fo

r sur

face

ex

plor

atio

n on

cel

estia

l bod

ies)

and

(2

) spa

ce la

bora

tory

aut

omat

ion

and

payl

oad

cont

rol s

yste

ms i

n m

anne

d an

d un

man

ned

mis

sion

s.

(Not

e 13

-1: D

etai

led

mec

hani

sms

aspe

cts a

re c

over

ed in

TD

15)

A

App

licat

ions

and

Con

cept

s C

over

s sys

tem

asp

ects

and

inno

vativ

e ro

botic

co

ncep

ts fo

r mis

sion

s.

I Pl

anet

ary

Expl

orat

ion

Incl

udes

nov

el c

once

pts f

or h

andl

ing/

asse

mbl

y of

surf

ace

infr

astru

ctur

e el

emen

ts, n

ovel

aer

obot

con

cept

s, no

vel r

obot

co

ncep

ts fo

r exp

lora

tion

(incl

udin

g of

ast

eroi

ds),

mic

ro- a

nd n

ano-

rove

r con

cept

s and

swar

ms.

II

Orb

ital S

yste

ms

Incl

udes

aut

omat

ion

of o

rbita

l inf

rast

ruct

ure,

or n

on-c

oope

rativ

e sa

telli

tes,

sate

llite

des

ign

for r

obot

ic se

rvic

ing,

com

poun

d op

erat

ion

of a

rms o

n fr

ee-f

lyin

g pl

atfo

rms,

asse

mbl

y an

d se

rvic

ing

of sp

ace

stru

ctur

es in

orb

it, m

ulti-

robo

t coo

pera

tion.

B

A

utom

atio

n &

Rob

otic

s Sys

tem

s C

over

s the

det

aile

d de

finiti

on o

f rob

otic

sy

stem

s and

subs

yste

ms,

incl

udin

g te

chno

logy

de

velo

pmen

ts d

edic

ated

to sp

ecifi

c ap

plic

atio

ns.

I M

anip

ulat

ion

Syst

ems

Incl

udes

robo

t arm

s, en

d-ef

fect

ors a

nd to

ols.

(see

Not

e 13

-1)

II

Mob

ility

Sys

tem

s In

clud

es ro

vers

, aer

obot

s, un

derg

roun

d an

d un

derw

ater

exp

lore

rs.

III

Payl

oad

Aut

omat

ion

Syst

ems

Cov

ers a

ll au

tom

atio

n as

pect

s of s

pace

labo

rato

ries.

C

Aut

omat

ion

& R

obot

ics C

ompo

nent

s and

T

echn

olog

ies

Incl

udes

gen

eral

pur

pose

and

spec

ific

Aut

omat

ion

& R

obot

ics (

A&

R) c

ompo

nent

s an

d m

etho

ds.

I Pe

rcep

tion

Incl

udes

sens

ors a

nd se

nsin

g m

etho

ds (e

.g. c

ompu

ter v

isio

n) w

hich

al

low

robo

ts to

per

ceiv

e th

eir e

nviro

nmen

t and

the

stat

e of

the

proc

ess t

hey

are

cont

rolli

ng.

II

Con

trol

, Aut

onom

y an

d In

telli

genc

e C

over

s met

hods

that

allo

w ro

bot s

yste

ms t

o pe

rfor

m p

erce

ptio

n pr

oces

sing

, und

erst

andi

ng o

f the

ope

ratin

g en

viro

nmen

t, m

otio

n pl

anni

ng a

nd c

ontro

l, at

tent

ion

allo

catio

n, a

ntic

ipat

ion,

act

ivity

pl

anni

ng, a

nd re

ason

ing

abou

t the

ir ow

n st

ate

and

the

stat

e of

oth

er

agen

ts.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

13

Aut

omat

ion,

Tel

epre

senc

e &

R

obot

ics (

cont

.) C

A

utom

atio

n &

Rob

otic

s Com

pone

nts a

nd

Tec

hnol

ogie

s (co

nt.)

III

Mot

ion

and

Act

uatio

n C

over

s the

mea

ns th

at a

llow

a ro

bot t

o ph

ysic

ally

inte

ract

with

its

envi

ronm

ent (

e.g.

lim

bs, j

oint

s, ch

assi

s, w

heel

uni

ts, b

allo

on

enve

lope

s, pr

opul

sion

uni

ts).

(see

Not

e 13

-1).

IV

Rob

ot-U

ser

Inte

rfac

ing

Incl

udes

com

man

ding

and

pro

gram

min

g m

eans

(e.g

. im

mer

sive

sy

stem

s, ha

ptic

dev

ices

) and

met

hods

that

allo

w u

sers

to in

tera

ct

with

an

auto

mat

ion

and

robo

tics s

yste

m. I

nclu

des t

eleo

pera

tion,

te

lepr

esen

ce, t

eles

cien

ce.

V

Rob

ot G

roun

d T

estin

g In

clud

es to

ols,

met

hods

and

faci

litie

s tha

t allo

w o

n-gr

ound

ch

arac

teris

atio

n an

d ve

rific

atio

n of

A&

R sy

stem

s. 14

L

ife &

Phy

sica

l Sci

ence

s C

over

s all

tech

nolo

gica

l asp

ects

re

late

d to

inst

rum

enta

tion

in

supp

ort o

f life

and

phy

sica

l sc

ienc

es, a

nd fo

r ens

urin

g de

liver

y of

a c

ompl

ete

syst

em (i

nstru

men

t) te

chno

logy

. The

obj

ectiv

e is

an

optim

ised

scie

ntifi

c re

turn

, the

em

phas

is b

eing

rath

er o

n a

cons

iste

nt sy

stem

phi

loso

phy

than

on

the

deve

lopm

ent o

f com

pone

nt

tech

nolo

gies

. Als

o in

clud

es th

e te

chno

logi

es a

nd te

chni

ques

re

latin

g to

pla

neta

ry p

rote

ctio

n,

both

ster

ilisa

tion

met

hods

and

te

chno

logi

es, a

nd a

lso

syst

em

tech

nolo

gies

nee

ded

to m

onito

r co

ntam

inan

ts.

A

Inst

rum

enta

tion

in S

uppo

rt o

f Life

Sci

ence

s In

clud

es a

spec

ts o

f hum

an p

hysi

olog

y,

biol

ogy,

bio

tech

nolo

gy, e

xobi

olog

y/pl

anet

ary

expl

orat

ion.

I Se

nsor

s and

Ana

lytic

al In

stru

men

tatio

n C

over

s the

who

le ra

nge

of se

nsor

s and

ana

lytic

al in

stru

men

ts

need

ed to

mon

itor s

cien

tific

exp

erim

ents

and

to e

xtra

ct sc

ient

ific

data

. II

Im

agin

g D

iagn

ostic

s and

Imag

e T

reat

men

t Tec

hnol

ogie

s In

clud

es th

e w

hole

rang

e fr

om m

acro

scop

ic im

agin

g do

wn

to su

b-m

icro

scop

ic im

agin

g w

ith th

e re

late

d im

age

treat

men

t tec

hnol

ogie

s (c

ontra

st e

nhan

cem

ent,

com

pres

sion

etc

.).

III

Cul

tivat

ion,

Pro

cess

ing

and

Bio

proc

essi

ng

Star

ts fr

om si

mpl

e cu

ltiva

tion

of c

ells

and

mic

roor

gani

sms a

nd

exte

nds i

nto

bior

eact

or ty

pe c

ultiv

atio

n in

clud

ing

proc

essi

ng/

biop

roce

ssin

g of

mat

eria

ls fo

r in

situ

reso

urce

util

isat

ion.

B

In

stru

men

tatio

n in

Sup

port

of P

hysi

cal

Scie

nces

In

clud

es a

spec

ts o

f flu

id sc

ienc

e, m

ater

ial

scie

nce,

cry

stal

gro

wth

, app

lied

phys

ics,

plan

etar

y ex

plor

atio

n.

I Se

nsor

s and

Ana

lytic

al In

stru

men

tatio

n St

arts

at (

high

) tem

pera

ture

sens

ors a

nd e

xten

ds in

to c

ompl

ex

anal

ytic

al in

stru

men

ts su

ch a

s Ram

an S

pect

rosc

opy

and

X-r

ay

diag

nost

ics t

ools

. II

Im

agin

g D

iagn

ostic

s and

Imag

e T

reat

men

t Tec

hnol

ogie

s In

clud

es m

acro

scop

ic a

nd m

icro

scop

ic im

agin

g an

d ot

her (

e.g.

in

terf

erom

etric

) im

agin

g m

etho

ds w

ith th

e re

late

d pr

oble

ms o

f im

age

acqu

isiti

on st

orag

e, tr

ansf

er a

nd tr

eatm

ent.

Imag

e ac

quis

ition

ra

nges

from

sing

le sh

ot to

hig

h-sp

eed

imag

ing

(500

fram

es/s

).


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

14

Life

& P

hysi

cal S

cien

ces (

cont

.) B

In

stru

men

tatio

n in

Sup

port

of P

hysi

cal

Scie

nces

(con

t.)

III

Proc

essi

ng a

nd P

rodu

ctio

n In

clud

es lo

w-v

olum

e pr

oces

sing

of n

ew m

ater

ials

and

ext

ends

into

pr

oces

sing

and

pro

duct

ion

utili

sing

in si

tu re

sour

ces i

n pl

anet

ary

expl

orat

ion.

C

A

pplie

d L

ife S

cien

ce T

echn

olog

y In

clud

es th

e ap

plic

atio

n of

adv

ance

d an

d ne

w

tech

nolo

gies

of t

he li

fe sc

ienc

es to

spec

ific

prob

lem

s of p

lane

tary

exp

lora

tion,

pla

neta

ry

prot

ectio

n an

d hu

man

long

-term

pre

senc

e in

sp

ace.

(N

ote

14-C

-I-1

: tec

hnol

ogie

s rel

ated

to

ster

ilisa

tion

effe

cts o

n m

ater

ials

are

cov

ered

in

24-

C-I

)

I A

pplic

atio

n of

Hum

an P

hysio

logy

Tec

hnol

ogie

s C

over

s the

app

licat

ion

of h

uman

phy

siol

ogy

tech

nolo

gies

to h

uman

he

alth

mon

itorin

g/ca

re a

nd c

ount

erm

easu

res f

or lo

ng d

urat

ion

spac

eflig

ht a

nd in

clud

es ra

diat

ion

mon

itorin

g.

II

Bio

burd

en/B

iodi

vers

ity M

onito

ring

C

over

s all

tech

nolo

gies

requ

ired

at sp

acec

raft

and

faci

lity

leve

l to

com

ply

with

CO

SPA

R p

lane

tary

pro

tect

ion

requ

irem

ents

. II

I B

ioba

rrie

rs

Cov

ers a

ll te

chno

logi

es re

quire

d to

isol

ate

spac

ecra

ft su

bsys

tem

s w

ith d

iffer

ent b

iobu

rden

leve

ls. (

Has

to b

e ta

ilore

d to

org

anic

and

bi

olog

ical

cle

anlin

ess r

equi

red,

and

to th

e sp

ecifi

c bi

obur

den

redu

ctio

n pr

oces

s.)

IV

Dry

Hea

t Ste

rilis

atio

n C

over

s sta

ndar

d an

d no

n-st

anda

rd d

ry h

eat b

iobu

rden

redu

ctio

n pr

oces

ses f

or su

bsys

tem

and

syst

em (t

erm

inal

pro

cess

). V

L

ow-T

empe

ratu

re S

teri

lisat

ion

Cov

ers g

as a

nd li

quid

ster

ilisa

tion

proc

esse

s at l

ow te

mpe

ratu

res.

Com

plem

enta

ry to

stan

dard

dry

hea

t ste

rilis

atio

n.

VI

Prec

isio

n C

lean

ing

and

Ster

ility

C

over

s cle

anin

g pr

oces

ses t

o ac

hiev

e hi

gh le

vel o

f org

anic

cl

eanl

ines

s and

ster

ility

. Req

uire

d fo

r sam

ple

acqu

isiti

on a

nd

dist

ribut

ion

syst

ems,

as w

ell a

s for

cer

tain

cla

sses

of s

ampl

e re

turn

m

issi

ons.

D

App

lied

Phys

ical

Sci

ence

Tec

hnol

ogy

Incl

udes

the

spec

ific

appl

icat

ion

of m

ater

ial

scie

nce

tech

nolo

gy to

use

in si

tu re

sour

ces f

or

extra

terr

estri

al p

rodu

ctio

n of

com

pone

nts (

e.g.

he

at a

nd ra

diat

ion

shie

lds e

tc.).

I Pr

oces

sing

and

Pro

duct

ion

Incl

udes

the

low

-vol

ume

proc

essi

ng o

f new

mat

eria

ls a

nd e

xten

ds

into

pro

cess

ing

and

prod

uctio

n ut

ilisi

ng in

situ

reso

urce

s in

plan

etar

y ex

plor

atio

n.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

15

Mec

hani

sms

All

devi

ces w

ith m

ovin

g pa

rts (e

.g.

actu

ator

s, ho

ld-d

own

& re

leas

e de

vice

s, po

intin

g m

echa

nism

s, de

ploy

able

boo

ms,

thru

st v

ecto

r co

ntro

l mec

hani

sms)

; ass

ocia

ted

spec

ific

disc

iplin

es (s

uch

as

tribo

logy

and

pyr

otec

hnic

s) a

nd

tool

s (su

ch a

s mec

hani

sm a

nd

mag

netic

sim

ulat

ions

).

A

Mec

hani

sm C

ore

Tec

hnol

ogie

s B

uild

ing-

bloc

k te

chno

logi

es u

sed

indi

vidu

ally

or

in c

ombi

natio

n to

pro

vide

a m

echa

nism

fu

nctio

n.

I A

ctua

tor

Tec

hnol

ogie

s Te

chno

logi

es to

pro

vide

torq

ue o

r for

ce (e

.g. e

lect

rom

agne

tic

mot

ors,

voic

e co

ils, p

iezo

mot

ors,

shap

e m

emor

y al

loy

actu

ator

s, el

ectro

activ

e po

lym

er a

ctua

tors

, spr

ing

actu

ator

s, pa

raff

in a

ctua

tors

). II

D

ampe

rs &

Spe

ed R

egul

ator

Tec

hnol

ogie

s Te

chno

logi

es to

regu

late

the

spee

d of

a m

ovab

le e

lem

ent o

r to

dam

p m

echa

nica

l loa

ds (e

.g. l

ow m

eltin

g po

int a

lloy

regu

lato

r, flu

id

dam

per,

mec

hani

cal d

ampe

r, ed

dy c

urre

nt d

ampe

r).

III

Mot

ion

Tra

nsfo

rmer

Tec

hnol

ogie

s Te

chno

logi

es u

sed

to tr

ansf

orm

a m

otio

n (e

.g. g

ears

, pul

leys

and

ca

bles

, har

mon

ic d

rives

, bal

l and

rolle

r scr

ews)

. IV

M

otio

n &

For

ce S

enso

r T

echn

olog

ies

e.g.

switc

hes,

optic

al e

ncod

ers,

reso

lver

s, st

rain

gau

ge se

nsor

s, ca

paci

tive

sens

ors,

acce

lero

met

ers.

V

Gui

ding

Tec

hnol

ogie

s Te

chno

logi

es p

rovi

ding

line

ar o

r rot

atio

nal g

uidi

ng fu

nctio

ns (e

.g.

ball

and

rolle

r bea

rings

, jou

rnal

bea

rings

, mag

netic

bea

rings

, bal

l jo

ints

, fle

xibl

e gu

ides

). V

I Se

alin

g T

echn

olog

ies

Tech

nolo

gies

pro

vidi

ng a

stat

ic o

r dyn

amic

seal

ing

func

tion.

V

II

Ele

ctri

cal T

rans

fer

Tec

hnol

ogie

s Te

chno

logi

es w

hose

func

tion

is to

tran

sfer

an

elec

trica

l sig

nal

betw

een

two

parts

in re

lativ

e m

otio

n, w

ith o

r with

out c

onta

ct (e

.g.

slip

ring

s, ro

ll rin

gs, c

onta

ctle

ss te

chno

logi

es).

B

Non

-Exp

losiv

e R

elea

se T

echn

olog

ies

Non

-pyr

otec

hnic

tech

nolo

gies

use

d to

rele

ase

a fo

rce

or to

rque

(e.g

. mec

hani

cal f

use,

shap

e m

emor

y al

loy,

ele

ctro

mag

netic

, par

affin

).

C

Exp

lora

tion

Tool

Tec

hnol

ogie

s To

ol te

chno

logi

es to

acq

uire

sam

ples

in

expl

orat

ion

mis

sion

s (e.

g. d

rill b

its, u

ltras

onic

to

ols)

.

D

Con

trol

Ele

ctro

nics

Tec

hnol

ogie

s Te

chno

logi

es p

rovi

ding

mec

hani

sm c

ontro

l (o

pen

and

clos

ed lo

op c

ontro

l ele

ctro

nics

).


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

15

Mec

hani

sms (

cont

.) E

ME

MS

Tec

hnol

ogie

s M

icro

-/nan

o-te

chno

logi

es p

rovi

ding

a

mec

hani

sm fu

nctio

n (e

.g. p

oint

ing,

scan

ning

).

(Not

e 15

-E-1

: Asp

ects

rela

ted

to q

ualit

y ar

e co

vere

d in

TD

23)

F T

ribo

logy

Tec

hnol

ogie

s Te

chno

logi

es re

late

d to

the

scie

nce

of

inte

ract

ing

surf

aces

.

I L

ubri

catio

n Te

chno

logi

es

Tech

nolo

gies

pro

vidi

ng a

lubr

icat

ion

func

tion

(e.g

. sol

id lu

bric

ants

, flu

id lu

bric

ants

, sel

f-lu

bric

atin

g m

ater

ials

). II

M

ater

ial S

urfa

ce T

echn

olog

ies

Tech

nolo

gies

pro

vidi

ng a

spec

ific

mat

eria

l sur

face

per

form

ance

(e

.g. c

oatin

gs, h

eat t

reat

men

t).

(Not

e 15

-F-I

I-1:

Issu

es re

late

d to

mat

eria

l cha

ract

erisa

tion

are

cove

red

in T

D24

) G

M

echa

nism

Eng

inee

ring

Sp

ecifi

c m

echa

nism

eng

inee

ring

know

how

to

deve

lop

spac

e-re

late

d m

echa

nism

s.

I E

ngin

eeri

ng D

isci

plin

es

Spec

ific

engi

neer

ing

disc

iplin

es in

volv

ed in

the

desi

gn a

nd

deve

lopm

ent o

f spa

ce m

echa

nism

s (e.

g. m

otor

isat

ion

sizi

ng, m

icro

-vi

brat

ion

anal

ysis

, fun

ctio

nal t

oler

ance

bud

gets

, mul

ti-bo

dy

dyna

mic

ana

lysi

s, tri

bolo

gy).

II

Eng

inee

ring

Too

ls Sp

ecifi

c to

ols u

sed

to su

ppor

t the

des

ign

and

deve

lopm

ent o

f spa

ce

mec

hani

sms (

e.g.

bea

ring

sizi

ng so

ftwar

e, m

ulti-

body

dyn

amic

an

alys

is so

ftwar

e).

H

Pyro

tech

nic

Tech

nolo

gies

In

clud

ing

deve

lopm

ent a

nd te

stin

g of

new

m

ater

ials

, ign

ition

met

hods

, act

uatio

n an

d m

inia

turis

atio

n.

I E

xplo

sive

Com

posi

tion

Tec

hnol

ogie

s C

over

s hig

h-te

mpe

ratu

re su

rviv

al a

nd a

gein

g ch

arac

teris

tics;

shoc

k re

duct

ion

tech

nolo

gies

incl

udin

g te

stin

g.

II

The

rmite

Tec

hnol

ogie

s C

over

app

licat

ions

of t

herm

ite h

eatin

g to

pro

vide

con

nect

ion,

di

scon

nect

ion,

rele

ase,

join

ing.

Cov

ers a

lso

prov

isio

n of

oxy

gen

for

life

and

othe

r gas

es fo

r pre

ssur

e fu

nctio

ns.

III

Rel

iabi

lity

Det

erm

inat

ion

for

Non

-Rep

eatin

g Fu

nctio

ns

Cov

ers a

naly

sis t

echn

ique

s for

val

id e

stim

ates

of r

elia

bilit

y at

re

quire

d le

vels

of c

onfid

ence

, def

initi

on a

nd d

emon

stra

tion

of te

st

and

anal

ysis

tech

niqu

es fo

r sm

all s

ampl

es.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

15

Mec

hani

sms (

cont

.) H

Py

rote

chni

c Te

chno

logi

es (c

ont.)

IV

O

ptic

al Ig

nitio

n T

echn

olog

ies

Cov

ers t

he d

evel

opm

ent o

f com

pone

nts a

nd sy

stem

s for

alte

rnat

ive

to e

lect

rical

igni

tion,

with

pot

entia

l to

incr

ease

safe

ty b

y re

duci

ng

sens

itivi

ty to

ele

ctric

al d

istu

rban

ce.

V

Adv

ance

d E

lect

ropy

rote

chni

cs

Cov

ers t

he u

se o

f exp

losi

ve fo

il in

itiat

ors i

n or

der t

o re

duce

mas

s an

d co

st a

nd in

crea

se sa

fety

. V

I D

evel

opm

ent o

f New

Dev

ices

for

Futu

re E

xplo

ratio

n an

d E

xplo

itatio

n M

issi

ons

Cov

ers c

onne

ctio

n an

d di

scon

nect

ion

of st

ruct

ures

and

flui

d ci

rcui

ts,

depl

oym

ent o

f shi

elds

and

shel

ters

, sei

smic

and

exp

lora

tion

func

tions

, anc

horin

g, p

enet

ratin

g, se

alin

g; fo

r man

ned,

robo

tic a

nd

auto

mat

ic o

pera

tion.

16

O

ptic

s A

ddre

sses

tech

nolo

gies

and

te

chni

ques

for s

yste

ms,

inst

rum

ents

an

d co

mpo

nent

s, as

wel

l as d

esig

n,

engi

neer

ing

and

verif

icat

ion

met

hods

, in

the

field

of o

ptic

s.

A

Opt

ical

Sys

tem

Eng

inee

ring

C

over

s def

initi

on, d

esig

n an

d en

gine

erin

g of

op

tical

syst

ems a

nd p

aylo

ad/in

stru

men

t ar

chite

ctur

es; c

over

s als

o th

e ev

alua

tion

and

verif

icat

ion

(by

anal

ysis

and

test

ing)

of t

he

optic

al d

esig

n pe

rfor

man

ces (

incl

udin

g st

rayl

ight

).

I O

vera

ll O

ptic

al S

yste

m D

efin

ition

, Des

ign

and

Eng

inee

ring

C

over

s the

def

initi

on, d

esig

n an

d en

gine

erin

g of

opt

ical

syst

ems a

nd

subs

yste

ms a

nd th

e co

ncep

tual

def

initi

on o

f opt

ical

pa

yloa

d/in

stru

men

t arc

hite

ctur

es.

II

Opt

ical

Des

ign

Perf

orm

ance

Eva

luat

ion

and

Ana

lysi

s C

over

s eva

luat

ion

and

verif

icat

ion

of o

ptic

al d

esig

n pe

rfor

man

ces

by a

naly

sis (

e.g.

opt

ical

mod

els,

Zem

ax, A

SAP,

Cod

eV) a

nd/o

r te

stin

g (e

.g. o

ptic

s lab

orat

ory)

; inc

lude

s eva

luat

ion

of st

rayl

ight

and

de

sign

of m

eans

for s

trayl

ight

supp

ress

ion

(e.g

. baf

fles)

. B

O

ptic

al C

ompo

nent

Tec

hnol

ogy

and

Mat

eria

ls C

over

s all

tech

niqu

es a

nd te

chno

logi

es fo

r de

sign

and

man

ufac

ture

of o

ptic

al c

ompo

nent

s (f

rom

mic

ro/n

anos

truct

ures

to li

ghtw

eigh

t te

lesc

ope

mirr

ors o

f sev

eral

met

res’

ape

rture

) as

wel

l as o

f sta

ble

optic

al b

ench

es; i

nclu

des

com

pone

nt m

ount

ing

tech

nolo

gies

and

spec

ial

optic

al m

ater

ials

; cov

ers t

he w

hole

‘opt

ical

’ sp

ectru

m fr

om X

-ray

to fa

r-in

frar

ed.

I O

ptic

al C

ompo

nent

s C

over

s all

tech

nolo

gies

for r

efra

ctiv

e an

d re

flect

ive

optic

al

com

pone

nts s

uch

as (c

lass

ical

-bul

k) fi

lters

, len

ses,

grat

ings

, pris

ms,

beam

split

ters

, pol

aris

ers m

anuf

actu

red

in c

onve

ntio

nal/

clas

sica

l-bu

lk te

chno

logy

. Inc

lude

s grin

ding

/pol

ishi

ng te

chni

ques

, spe

cial

gl

ass a

nd su

bstra

tes a

nd c

oatin

g te

chno

logi

es (r

adia

tion

tole

rant

). II

M

icro

-Opt

ics C

ompo

nent

s, M

OEM

S, O

ptic

al F

ibre

s and

Pa

ssiv

e In

tegr

ated

Opt

ics

Cov

ers a

ll pa

ssiv

e op

tical

com

pone

nts m

ade

in m

icro

-/n

anot

echn

olog

y, su

ch a

s diff

ract

ive

elem

ents

, hol

ogra

phic

el

emen

ts, m

eta-

mat

eria

l ele

men

ts, m

icro

-opt

ic d

evic

es, m

icro

-opt

o-el

ectro

-mec

hani

cal s

yste

ms (

MO

EMS)

like

switc

hes a

nd d

ynam

ic

grat

ings

, opt

ical

fibr

es a

nd in

tegr

ated

opt

ics d

evic

es.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

16

Opt

ics (

cont

.) B

O

ptic

al C

ompo

nent

Tec

hnol

ogy

and

Mat

eria

ls (c

ont.)

III

Mir

ror

and

Tele

scop

e T

echn

olog

ies

Cov

ers d

esig

n, m

ater

ials

and

man

ufac

turin

g te

chno

logi

es fo

r lig

htw

eigh

t mirr

ors a

nd te

lesc

opes

(inc

ludi

ng st

ruct

ures

and

baf

fles)

w

ith a

pertu

res r

angi

ng fr

om 1

0 cm

to se

vera

l met

res,

oper

atin

g at

X

-ray

, UV

, vis

ible

, IR

and

far-

IR w

avel

engt

hs; i

nclu

des m

onol

ithic

m

irror

s, se

gmen

ted

mirr

ors,

depl

oyab

le te

lesc

opes

, sup

er-p

olis

hing

an

d co

atin

g, a

dapt

ive

optic

s and

wav

efro

nt c

ontro

l. IV

O

ptic

al B

ench

and

Mou

ntin

g T

echn

olog

ies

Cov

ers d

esig

n, m

ater

ials

and

man

ufac

turin

g te

chno

logi

es fo

r sta

ble,

co

mpa

ct, l

ight

wei

ght o

ptic

al b

ench

es o

pera

ting

at ro

om te

mpe

ratu

re,

but a

lso

dow

n to

cry

ogen

ic te

mpe

ratu

res,

and

the

deve

lopm

ent o

f st

able

com

pone

nt m

ount

ing

and

alig

nmen

t tec

hnol

ogie

s. C

O

ptic

al E

quip

men

t and

Inst

rum

ent

Tec

hnol

ogy

Opt

ical

equ

ipm

ent a

nd in

stru

men

t tec

hnol

ogy

cove

rs a

ll te

chni

ques

and

tech

nolo

gies

for t

he

desi

gn, m

anuf

actu

re a

nd te

st o

f opt

ical

eq

uipm

ent a

nd in

stru

men

ts fo

r im

agin

g,

spec

trosc

opy,

radi

omet

ry, s

ound

ing,

rem

ote

sens

ing,

met

rolo

gy, r

angi

ng, i

llum

inat

ion,

fr

ee-s

pace

opt

ical

com

mun

icat

ions

for

appl

icat

ions

in E

arth

obs

erva

tion,

scie

nce

and

plan

etar

y re

sear

ch, t

elec

omm

unic

atio

ns a

nd

navi

gatio

n.

I Sp

ectr

omet

ers,

Imag

ing

Spec

trom

eter

s, R

adio

met

ers

Cov

ers t

echn

ique

s and

tech

nolo

gies

for t

he d

esig

n, m

anuf

actu

re a

nd

test

of o

ptic

al e

quip

men

t and

inst

rum

ents

for i

mag

ing,

spec

trosc

opy

and

radi

omet

ry, i

nclu

ding

Fou

rier-

trans

form

spec

trom

eter

s. II

C

amer

as, I

llum

inat

ion

Dev

ices

, Dis

play

s C

over

s tec

hniq

ues a

nd te

chno

logi

es fo

r the

des

ign,

man

ufac

ture

and

te

stin

g of

cam

eras

and

opt

ical

dev

ices

for i

llum

inat

ion

and

disp

lay.

II

I L

aser

Ran

ging

and

Imag

ing,

Lid

ars a

nd A

ltim

eter

s C

over

s tec

hniq

ues a

nd te

chno

logi

es fo

r the

des

ign,

man

ufac

ture

and

te

stin

g of

opt

ical

equ

ipm

ent a

nd in

stru

men

ts fo

r ran

ging

, alti

met

ry,

3D im

agin

g (f

or G

NC

, pla

neta

ry la

nder

s, R

VD

, rov

er n

avig

atio

n),

atm

osph

eric

soun

ding

, and

rem

ote

sens

ing;

incl

udes

tuna

ble

high

-re

solu

tion

filte

rs.

IV

Inte

rfer

omet

ry, A

pert

ure

Synt

hesi

s and

Opt

ical

Pha

sed

Arr

ays

Cov

ers t

echn

ique

s and

tech

nolo

gies

for t

he d

esig

n, m

anuf

actu

re a

nd

test

ing

of o

ptic

al e

quip

men

t and

inst

rum

ents

of v

ery

high

-res

olut

ion

base

d on

inte

rfer

omet

ric m

etho

ds, a

pertu

re sy

nthe

sis a

nd o

ptic

al

phas

ed a

rray

s, in

par

ticul

ar fo

r sci

ence

mis

sion

s and

imag

ing/

rem

ote

sens

ing

from

geo

stat

iona

ry o

rbit.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

16

Opt

ics (

cont

.) C

O

ptic

al E

quip

men

t and

Inst

rum

ent

Tec

hnol

ogy

(con

t.)

V

Hig

h-Pr

ecis

ion

Opt

ical

Met

rolo

gy

Cov

ers t

echn

ique

s and

tech

nolo

gies

for t

he d

esig

n, m

anuf

actu

re a

nd

test

ing

of o

ptic

al e

quip

men

t and

inst

rum

ents

for h

igh-

prec

isio

n op

tical

met

rolo

gy in

spac

e (e

.g. f

or fo

rmat

ion-

flyin

g co

nste

llatio

ns),

but a

lso

for o

n-gr

ound

ver

ifica

tion

of st

ruct

ures

, mirr

or su

rfac

es a

nd

tele

scop

es.

VI

Opt

ical

Com

mun

icat

ions

C

over

s tec

hniq

ues a

nd te

chno

logi

es fo

r the

des

ign,

man

ufac

ture

and

te

stin

g of

opt

ical

equ

ipm

ent/s

ubsy

stem

s and

term

inal

s for

opt

ical

co

mm

unic

atio

ns b

etw

een

sate

llite

s and

bet

wee

n sp

acec

raft

and

grou

nd st

atio

ns (e

.g. f

eede

r lin

ks, d

eep-

spac

e co

mm

unic

atio

ns);

incl

udes

spec

ific

tech

nolo

gies

like

qua

ntum

com

mun

icat

ions

for

secu

re li

nks,

cryp

togr

aphy

and

glo

bal k

ey d

istri

butio

n.

17

Opt

oele

ctro

nics

C

over

s the

dev

elop

men

t and

ap

plic

atio

n of

tech

nolo

gies

co

mbi

ning

pho

toni

cs (i

.e. c

ircui

ts

hand

ling

phot

ons)

with

ele

ctro

nics

to

ach

ieve

giv

en fu

nctio

ns.

A

Las

er T

echn

olog

ies

Cov

ers t

he te

chno

logi

es a

nd te

chni

ques

ne

eded

for t

he g

ener

atio

n of

coh

eren

t opt

ical

ra

diat

ion.

I L

aser

Sou

rces

C

over

s con

tinuo

us w

ave

(CW

) las

ers a

nd p

ulse

d di

ode-

pum

ped

bulk

so

lid-s

tate

lase

rs (e

.g. N

d:Y

AG

, etc

.), m

ode-

augm

ente

d di

ode

lase

rs

for t

he n

ear-

infr

ared

(NIR

) spe

ctra

l reg

ion

(VC

SEL,

EC

LD, e

tc.),

m

ode-

augm

ente

d qu

antu

m c

asca

de la

sers

(QC

L) a

nd G

aN fo

r the

m

id-I

R a

nd v

isib

le sp

ectra

l reg

ions

resp

ectiv

ely,

LED

s, di

ode-

pum

ped

rare

Ear

th (R

E) d

oped

wav

egui

de la

sers

, dop

ed fi

bre

lase

rs,

etc.

II

L

aser

Pum

ping

C

over

s las

er-d

iode

arr

ays L

DA

(CW

and

QC

W),

high

-pow

er si

ngle

-em

itter

(CW

) dio

de so

urce

s and

rela

ted

pum

p-pa

ckag

ing

issu

es,

flash

-lam

p, so

lar p

ump,

ele

ctro

n-be

am, e

tc. I

mpl

emen

tatio

n of

ef

ficie

nt sp

ectra

l con

trol o

f LD

A e

mis

sion

. II

I L

aser

Osc

illat

ors a

nd A

mpl

ifier

s G

eom

etric

al m

ode

cont

rol o

f bot

h st

able

and

uns

tabl

e re

sona

tor

desi

gns.

Mod

e m

atch

ing

tech

niqu

es a

nd d

evic

e te

chno

logi

es, e

tc.

Q-s

witc

hed

and

mod

e-lo

ckin

g te

chni

ques

. Las

er a

mpl

ifier

stag

es,

cohe

rent

pow

er c

ontro

l and

com

bina

tion.

Am

plifi

er d

esig

ns fo

r CW

an

d pu

lsed

app

licat

ions

; bul

k am

plifi

ers,

flare

d se

mic

ondu

ctor

am

plifi

ers,

dope

d fib

re a

mpl

ifier

s.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

17

Opt

oele

ctro

nics

(con

t.)

A

Las

er T

echn

olog

ies (

cont

.) IV

L

aser

Fre

quen

cy C

ontr

ol a

nd S

tabi

lisat

ion

Cov

ers l

aser

cav

ity le

ngth

con

trol a

nd tu

ning

tech

niqu

es, i

njec

tion

lock

ing

and

seed

ing,

for f

requ

ency

con

trol.

Cov

ers f

requ

ency

st

abili

satio

n an

d lo

ckin

g te

chni

ques

usi

ng o

ptic

al st

abili

sing

re

fere

nce

cavi

ties (

OSR

C) f

or p

hase

con

trol a

nd th

e ac

hiev

emen

t of

sub-

Hz

line

wid

ths a

nd a

bsol

ute

freq

uenc

y lo

ckin

g to

nar

row

sp

ectra

l fea

ture

s. Im

plem

enta

tion

of e

lect

roni

c-op

tical

feed

back

te

chni

ques

for l

inew

idth

redu

ctio

n. D

evel

opm

ent a

nd

impl

emen

tatio

n of

met

hods

to re

duce

the

Ther

mal

Noi

se L

imit

(TN

L) o

n SR

C o

ptic

s. D

evel

opm

ent a

nd v

erifi

catio

n of

nov

el

met

hods

to a

chie

ve su

b-m

Hz

linew

idth

em

issi

on.

V

Non

-Lin

ear

Opt

ics

Cov

ers h

arm

onic

gen

erat

ion,

non

-line

ar c

ryst

als a

nd p

oled

w

aveg

uide

mat

eria

ls, p

aram

etric

con

vers

ion,

mul

ti-ph

oton

pr

oces

ses,

stim

ulat

ed li

ght s

catte

ring,

spat

ial l

aser

bea

m c

lean

ing

usin

g ph

ase

conj

ugat

ed m

irror

s, sa

tura

ble

abso

rber

s, et

c.

B

Det

ecto

r T

echn

olog

ies

Cov

ers a

ll th

e te

chno

logi

es a

nd te

chni

ques

ne

eded

for t

he d

etec

tion

of o

ptic

al ra

diat

ion.

I V

isib

le D

etec

tors

(mos

tly S

i bas

ed)

Cov

ers s

ingl

e-pi

xel (

phot

odio

des)

, lin

ear a

nd 2

D a

rray

s, C

CD

and

C

MO

S im

age

sens

ors (

APS

), A

PDs,

APD

arr

ays,

SiPM

arr

ays.

II

Infr

ared

det

ecto

rs. (

NIR

–FIR

) C

over

s bot

h ph

oton

and

ther

mal

tech

nolo

gies

, inc

ludi

ng M

CT,

In

GaA

s, II

I-V

, QW

IP, Q

DIP

, T2S

L, m

icro

bolo

met

ers,

pyro

elec

trics

. II

I U

V, X

-ray

& G

amm

a-R

ay D

etec

tors

C

over

s Si,

wid

e ba

ndga

p se

mic

ondu

ctor

s, sc

intil

lato

rs.

IV

Supe

rcon

duct

ing

Det

ecto

rs

Cov

ers H

EB, S

INIS

-junc

tions

, het

erod

yne

mix

ers,

…

V

Supe

rcon

duct

ing

Dev

ices

In

clud

ing

low

-tem

pera

ture

and

hig

h-te

mpe

ratu

re su

perc

ondu

ctin

g de

vice

s and

sens

ors s

uch

as S

QU

IDs,

Jose

phso

n-ty

pe ju

nctio

ns,

grad

iom

eter

s, et

c.

VI

Foca

l Pla

ne T

echn

olog

ies

Cov

ers c

ompo

nent

tech

nolo

gies

, int

egra

tion,

acc

omm

odat

ion

tech

niqu

es, p

roxi

mity

ele

ctro

nics

, int

erco

nnec

ts (e

.g. f

lex

circ

uits

), fil

ters

and

win

dow

s.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

17

Opt

oele

ctro

nics

(con

t.)

C

Phot

onic

s C

over

s gui

ded-

wav

e op

tical

tech

nolo

gies

and

te

chni

ques

for h

andl

ing

optic

al si

gnal

s, or

to

achi

eve

spec

ific

func

tions

for v

ario

us

appl

icat

ions

.

I R

F Ph

oton

ics

Cov

ers p

hoto

nic

devi

ces f

or g

ener

atio

n, h

andl

ing

and

dist

ribut

ion

of

mic

row

ave

sign

als o

n bo

ard

sate

llite

s, fr

eque

ncy

dow

n-co

nver

sion

, tim

e de

lay,

RF

sign

al p

hase

and

am

plitu

de c

ontro

l, op

tical

bea

m-

form

ing

and

dist

ribut

ion

netw

orks

, onb

oard

opt

ical

link

s &

inte

rcon

nect

s, et

c.

II

Mic

ro- &

Nan

o-Ph

oton

ics

Cov

ers p

hoto

nic

IC te

chno

logi

es, h

ybrid

and

mon

olith

ic in

tegr

atio

n of

act

ive

and

pass

ive

func

tions

in v

ario

us m

ater

ial s

yste

ms i

nclu

ding

si

lica

and

sem

icon

duct

or m

ater

ials

. Sili

con

phot

onic

s for

on-

chip

op

tical

func

tions

. II

I Fi

bre-

Opt

ic S

enso

rs

Cov

ers p

ress

ure,

tem

pera

ture

and

stra

in se

nsor

s, in

clud

ing

inte

rrog

atio

n un

its fo

r sat

ellit

es, p

latfo

rms a

nd la

unch

ers.

IV

Opt

ical

Ato

mic

Clo

cks

Cov

ers l

aser

coo

ling

and

trapp

ing

tech

niqu

es fo

r ato

ms,

ions

and

m

olec

ules

, opt

ical

freq

uenc

y co

mbs

bas

ed o

n m

ode-

lock

ed la

sers

an

d ul

tra-h

igh-

Q m

icro

cavi

ties.

Incl

udes

als

o fib

re-o

ptic

and

free

-sp

ace

optic

al fr

eque

ncy

diss

emin

atio

n ov

er la

rge

dist

ance

s, su

bsys

tem

inte

grat

ion

and

verif

icat

ion

into

clo

ck sy

stem

s, sp

ace

qual

ifica

tion

of su

bsys

tem

ele

men

ts.

V

Qua

ntum

Dev

ices

C

over

s las

er-c

oole

d at

om se

nsor

s inc

ludi

ng a

tom

inte

rfer

omet

ers,

mag

neto

met

ers,

phot

on c

onfin

emen

t and

trap

ping

tech

niqu

es

lead

ing

to B

ECs,

atom

ic-s

cale

sens

ing

devi

ces,

etc.

Impl

emen

tatio

n of

lase

r-co

oled

and

coh

eren

t pop

ulat

ion

trapp

ing

(CPT

) and

the

tech

nolo

gy re

quire

d fo

r its

impl

emen

tatio

n; c

hip

gas c

ells

, etc

. 18

A

erot

herm

odyn

amic

s D

ynam

ics o

f gas

es (p

hysi

cal

proc

esse

s & m

odel

ling)

, esp

ecia

lly

of a

tmos

pher

ic in

tera

ctio

ns w

ith

mov

ing

obje

cts a

t hig

h sp

eed.

It

enco

mpa

sses

the

who

le sp

ectru

m

from

take

off t

o la

ndin

g, b

ut a

lso

orbi

tal a

scen

t/des

cent

, aer

ohea

ting

and

ther

mod

ynam

ics o

f pro

puls

ion.

A

Num

eric

al M

etho

ds

Incl

udes

eng

inee

ring

and

com

puta

tiona

l flu

id

dyna

mic

s (C

FD) t

echn

ique

s, bo

th fo

r int

erna

l an

d ex

tern

al fl

ows,

for t

he m

ultid

isci

plin

ary

desi

gn a

nd a

naly

sis o

f Spa

ce V

ehic

les.

I C

ompu

tatio

nal F

luid

Dyn

amic

s (C

FD)

Con

tinuu

m a

nd d

iscr

ete

parti

cle

mod

els (

incl

udin

g nu

mer

ical

al

gorit

hm a

nd g

rid g

ener

atio

n te

chni

ques

) for

mul

ti-ph

ysic

s flo

w.

II

Eng

inee

ring

Tec

hniq

ues

Ana

lytic

al, s

emi-e

mpi

rical

and

par

amet

ric d

esig

n to

ols.

III

Mul

tidis

cipl

inar

y T

echn

ique

s C

oupl

ing

tool

s (in

clud

ing

adva

nced

opt

imis

atio

n al

gorit

hms)

and

/or

data

base

s of d

iffer

ent t

echn

ical

dis

cipl

ines

.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

18

Aer

othe

rmod

ynam

ics (

cont

.) B

G

roun

d-B

ased

Fac

ilitie

s In

clud

es a

ll ty

pes o

f win

d tu

nnel

s and

oth

er

test

faci

litie

s for

the

desi

gn a

nd a

naly

sis o

f sp

ace

vehi

cles

, bot

h fo

r int

erna

l and

ext

erna

l flo

w.

I C

old

Gas

Fac

ilitie

s C

ontin

uous

and

blo

w-d

own

win

d tu

nnel

s, ba

llist

ic ra

nges

, etc

. II

H

ot G

as F

acili

ties

Arc

-hea

ted,

pis

ton

driv

en, d

eton

atio

n dr

iven

, etc

. II

I D

edic

ated

Fac

ilitie

s C

onta

min

atio

n, h

over

ing,

bas

e flo

w-je

t int

erac

tion,

etc

. C

Se

nsor

s and

Mea

sure

men

t Tec

hniq

ues

Incl

udes

all

type

s of m

easu

rem

ent t

echn

ique

s fo

r gro

und

faci

litie

s and

flig

ht p

latfo

rms,

for

the

desi

gn a

nd a

naly

sis o

f spa

ce v

ehic

les,

both

fo

r int

erna

l and

ext

erna

l flo

w.

I In

trus

ive

Mea

sure

men

ts

Sens

ing

tech

nolo

gies

suita

ble

for m

easu

rem

ents

in h

ostil

e en

viro

nmen

t – te

mpe

ratu

re, p

ress

ure,

hea

t flu

x, e

tc.

II

Non

-Int

rusi

ve M

easu

rem

ents

M

ulti-

spec

tral i

nfra

red,

lase

r spe

ctro

scop

y, e

lect

ron-

beam

, etc

. II

I W

irel

ess M

easu

rem

ents

R

adio

sens

ing,

hea

lth m

onito

ring,

etc

. D

Fl

ight

Dat

abas

es

Incl

udes

the

info

rmat

ics e

nviro

nmen

t to

cons

erve

, ret

rieve

and

use

flig

ht d

ata

from

ex

perim

enta

l tes

t bed

s and

dem

onst

rato

rs, a

nd

thei

r ass

ocia

ted

win

d tu

nnel

and

CFD

ex

trapo

latio

n to

flig

ht d

ata.

I U

ser

Inte

rfac

e A

spec

ts re

late

d to

tool

s and

met

hods

for d

ata

stor

age,

han

dlin

g an

d po

st-p

roce

ssin

g.

II

Info

rmat

ics E

nvir

onm

ent

Asp

ects

rela

ted

to sy

stem

s for

dat

a st

orag

e, h

andl

ing

and

post

-pr

oces

sing

. 19

Pr

opul

sion

A

C

hem

ical

Pro

puls

ion

Tec

hnol

ogie

s In

clud

es a

wid

e ra

nge

of te

chno

logi

es fo

r pr

opul

sion

syst

ems,

base

d on

the

use

of

chem

ical

ene

rgy,

rele

vant

to th

e fo

llow

ing

maj

or a

pplic

atio

ns: (

1) sp

acec

raft

onbo

ard

prop

ulsi

on; (

2) re

usab

le o

r exp

enda

ble

laun

ch

vehi

cles

/upp

er st

age

prop

ulsi

on; (

3) re

entry

m

anoe

uvrin

g pr

opul

sion

syst

ems.

I L

iqui

d Pr

opul

sion

Sys

tem

s In

clud

es c

old

gas,

mon

o- a

nd b

ipro

pella

nt, o

nboa

rd sy

stem

s, cr

yoge

nic

and

LOX

/hyd

roca

rbon

laun

ch v

ehic

le sy

stem

s.

II

Solid

Pro

puls

ion

Syst

ems

Incl

udes

from

mic

roth

rust

syst

ems u

p to

laun

ch v

ehic

le b

oost

ers.

III

Air

-Bre

athi

ng a

nd H

ybri

d Pr

opul

sion

Syst

ems

Incl

udes

ram

jets

, scr

amje

ts, r

ocke

t bas

ed c

ycle

s.

B

Ele

ctri

c Pr

opul

sion

Tec

hnol

ogie

s In

clud

es p

ropu

lsio

n sy

stem

s and

com

pone

nts

that

use

ele

ctric

al e

nerg

y (s

olar

or n

ucle

ar),

clas

sifie

d ac

cord

ing

to th

e fo

llow

ing

maj

or

appl

icat

ions

: (1)

spac

ecra

ft on

boar

d pr

opul

sion

; (2)

upp

er st

age

prop

ulsi

on.

I E

lect

rost

atic

Sys

tem

s In

clud

es sy

stem

s bas

ed o

n H

all-e

ffec

t thr

uste

rs, g

ridde

d io

n en

gine

s, fie

ld e

mis

sion

thru

ster

s. II

E

lect

roth

erm

al S

yste

ms

Incl

udes

syst

ems b

ased

on

resi

stoj

ets,

arcj

ets a

nd p

ower

-aug

men

ted

cata

lytic

thru

ster

s.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

19

Prop

ulsi

on (c

ont.)

B

Ele

ctri

c Pr

opul

sion

Tec

hnol

ogie

s (co

nt.)

III

Ele

ctro

mag

netic

Sys

tem

s In

clud

es sy

stem

s bas

ed o

n m

agne

to-p

lasm

a-dy

nam

ic th

rust

ers a

nd

puls

ed p

lasm

a th

rust

ers.

C

Adv

ance

d Pr

opul

sion

In

clud

es a

wid

e ra

nge

of n

on-c

lass

ical

pr

opul

sion

syst

ems,

for b

oth

spac

ecra

ft an

d la

unch

ers/

uppe

r-st

ages

, and

the

tech

nolo

gy

field

of b

reak

thro

ugh

prop

ulsi

on p

hysi

cs.

I So

lar

The

rmal

Pro

puls

ion

Syst

ems

II

Nuc

lear

Pro

puls

ion

Syst

ems

III

Sola

r Sa

iling

Pro

puls

ion

Syst

ems

IV

Tet

here

d Pr

opul

sion

Sys

tem

s V

N

ew C

once

pts

Incl

udin

g la

serb

eam

ed p

ropu

lsio

n, L

oren

tz fo

rce

acce

lera

tors

, cr

yoso

lids,

etc.

D

Su

ppor

ting

Prop

ulsi

on T

echn

olog

ies a

nd

Too

ls In

clud

es se

vera

l and

tool

s tha

t are

use

d in

su

ppor

t of t

he d

evel

opm

ent,

qual

ifica

tion,

in

tegr

atio

n an

d m

onito

ring

of p

ropu

lsio

n sy

stem

s. Th

ese

tool

s and

tech

nolo

gies

, al

thou

gh si

mila

r in

scop

e an

d cl

assi

ficat

ion,

m

ight

diff

er su

bsta

ntia

lly d

epen

ding

on

thei

r us

e fo

r che

mic

al, e

lect

rical

or a

dvan

ced

prop

ulsi

on.

I M

odel

ling

Incl

udes

pro

puls

ion

syst

em d

esig

n to

ols,

thru

ster

and

eng

ine

perf

orm

ance

pre

dict

ion

tool

s, pr

opul

sion

syst

em/s

pace

veh

icle

in

tera

ctio

n to

ols a

nd re

late

d or

bit/t

raje

ctor

y de

finiti

on to

ols.

II

Tes

ting

and

Dia

gnos

tics

Incl

udin

g fa

cilit

ies a

nd d

iagn

ostic

tool

s for

gro

und

perf

orm

ance

, qu

alifi

catio

n an

d ac

cept

ance

test

s of p

ropu

lsio

n sy

stem

s; o

nboa

rd

prop

ulsi

on d

iagn

ostic

s and

hea

lth m

onito

ring

syst

ems.

III

Prop

ella

nts

Incl

udin

g te

chno

logi

es fo

r pro

duct

ion,

stor

age,

tran

spor

tatio

n an

d ch

arac

teris

atio

n of

solid

, liq

uid

or g

aseo

us p

rope

llant

s. IV

G

roun

d Su

ppor

t Equ

ipm

ent (

GSE

) In

clud

ing

all m

echa

nica

l, flu

id a

nd e

lect

rical

gro

und

supp

ort

syst

ems d

edic

ated

to a

pro

puls

ion

syst

em in

tegr

atio

n, te

stin

g,

load

ing

and

laun

ch p

repa

ratio

n.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

20

Stru

ctur

es

Tech

nolo

gies

and

met

hodo

logi

es

rela

ted

to d

esig

n, a

naly

sis,

man

ufac

ture

and

test

of s

truct

ures

an

d m

echa

nica

l sys

tem

s for

S/C

, pl

anet

ary

infr

astru

ctur

es, h

abita

ts,

laun

cher

s and

reen

try v

ehic

les.

Incl

udes

met

allic

and

non

-met

allic

st

ruct

ures

such

as a

dvan

ced

depl

oyab

le st

ruct

ures

(sol

ar a

rray

, ra

diat

or, s

hiel

d an

d an

tenn

a st

ruct

ures

), hi

ghly

-load

ed

stru

ctur

es, h

ighl

y-st

able

stru

ctur

es

and

hot s

truct

ures

.

A

Stru

ctur

al D

esig

n an

d V

erifi

catio

n M

etho

ds a

nd T

ools

This

incl

udes

all

tech

nolo

gies

rela

ted

to th

e de

velo

pmen

t and

impl

emen

tatio

n of

m

echa

nica

l des

ign

tool

s, an

alys

is to

ols a

nd

met

hodo

logi

es, t

estin

g to

ols a

nd

met

hodo

logi

es, l

oad

mea

sure

men

ts a

nd

eval

uatio

n te

chni

ques

etc

.

I S/

C D

esig

n an

d D

esig

n To

ols

Incl

udin

g C

AD

tool

s and

met

hodo

logi

es.

II

Ana

lysi

s Too

ls an

d M

etho

dolo

gies

In

clud

ing

stru

ctur

al v

erifi

catio

n to

ols a

nd m

etho

dolo

gies

(aco

ustic

s, da

mag

e to

lera

nce,

ther

moe

last

ic, d

eplo

ymen

t sim

ulat

ions

, co

mpo

site

stru

ctur

es …

). II

I T

estin

g T

ools

and

Met

hodo

logi

es

Incl

udin

g te

st d

ata

stor

age

tool

s, te

st d

ata

eval

uatio

n to

ols,

test

pr

edic

tion

tool

s. IV

In

fligh

t/In-

orbi

t Loa

ds a

nd V

ibra

tion

Mea

sure

men

t Tec

hniq

ues

Incl

udin

g se

nsor

s, in

tegr

atio

n, d

ata

reco

rdin

g/do

wnl

oadi

ng, d

ata

eval

uatio

n.

B

Hig

h-St

abili

ty a

nd H

igh-

Prec

isio

n S/

C

Stru

ctur

es

Cov

ers a

ll te

chno

logi

es re

late

d to

such

st

ruct

ures

, inc

ludi

ng a

dvan

ced

mat

eria

l ap

plic

atio

ns, a

s wel

l as m

anuf

actu

ring

and

verif

icat

ion

aspe

cts.

I A

dvan

ced

Mat

eria

l Tec

hnol

ogie

s for

Sta

ble

Stru

ctur

es

Incl

udin

g m

anuf

actu

re o

f sta

ble

stru

ctur

es, s

truct

ural

ver

ifica

tion,

fa

ilure

ana

lysi

s, de

finiti

on o

f stru

ctur

al a

llow

able

s etc

. II

Jo

inin

g an

d M

ount

ing

Tec

hnol

ogie

s In

clud

ing

inte

rfac

ing

to o

ther

stru

ctur

es, v

erifi

catio

n of

inte

rfac

es

for h

igh-

stab

ility

and

hig

h-pr

ecis

ion

stru

ctur

es.

III

The

rmoe

last

ic S

tabi

lity

Ver

ifica

tion

Tec

hnol

ogie

s In

clud

ing

desi

gn, a

naly

sis a

nd te

st a

spec

ts.

C

Infla

tabl

e an

d D

eplo

yabl

e St

ruct

ures

(s

hiel

ds, a

nten

nas,

boom

s, so

lar a

rray

s, ai

rbag

s and

infla

tabl

e la

ndin

g sy

stem

s etc

.) C

over

s all

tech

nolo

gies

rela

ted

to su

ch

stru

ctur

es, i

nclu

ding

mat

eria

ls, d

eplo

ymen

t si

mul

atio

ns, d

ampi

ng, a

ctiv

e co

ntro

l and

ve

rific

atio

n m

etho

dolo

gies

.

I D

esig

n an

d V

erifi

catio

n T

echn

olog

ies

Incl

udin

g de

sign

tool

s, de

ploy

men

t sim

ulat

ion,

test

met

hodo

logi

es,

com

bine

d ve

rific

atio

n m

etho

dolo

gies

. II

St

ruct

ural

Mat

eria

l Con

cept

s In

clud

ing

mat

eria

l tes

ting,

lam

inat

e/m

embr

ane

desi

gn, i

n-or

bit

curin

g as

pect

s. II

I Jo

inin

g T

echn

olog

ies

Incl

udin

g de

sign

and

ver

ifica

tion

of jo

ints

(bot

h fle

xibl

e-to

-fle

xibl

e an

d fle

xibl

e-to

-rig

id) f

or in

flata

ble

and

depl

oyab

le st

ruct

ures

. D

H

ot S

truc

ture

s C

over

s all

tech

nolo

gies

rela

ted

to su

ch

stru

ctur

es, i

nclu

ding

rela

ted

mat

eria

l de

velo

pmen

ts, c

oatin

gs a

nd v

erifi

catio

n m

etho

dolo

gies

.

I D

esig

n an

d V

erifi

catio

n T

echn

olog

ies f

or C

eram

ic S

truc

ture

s In

clud

ing

man

ufac

turin

g as

pect

s, de

taile

d de

sign

asp

ects

, ana

lysi

s an

d te

st a

spec

ts, s

tatic

, dyn

amic

, the

rmoe

last

ic.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

20

Stru

ctur

es (c

ont.)

D

H

ot S

truc

ture

s (co

nt.)

II

Des

ign

and

Ver

ifica

tion

Tec

hnol

ogie

s for

Met

allic

Str

uctu

res

Incl

udin

g m

anuf

actu

ring

aspe

cts,

deta

iled

desi

gn a

spec

ts, a

naly

sis

and

test

asp

ects

, whe

ther

stat

ic, d

ynam

ic, o

r the

rmoe

last

ic.

III

New

Adv

ance

d H

ot S

truc

ture

s Mat

eria

ls

Incl

udin

g de

velo

pmen

t and

stru

ctur

al a

pplic

atio

n of

adv

ance

d m

ater

ials

such

as U

HT

mat

eria

ls.

IV

Join

ing

tech

nolo

gies

C

over

ing

all a

spec

ts re

late

d to

join

ing

of h

ot st

ruct

ures

, e.g

. fa

sten

ers,

braz

ing

and

othe

r met

hods

. Als

o in

clud

es v

erifi

catio

n m

etho

ds.

V

Hea

lth M

onito

ring

Tec

hnol

ogie

s In

clud

ing

sens

ors,

data

reco

rdin

g, d

ata

eval

uatio

n et

c.

E A

ctiv

e/A

dapt

ive

Stru

ctur

es

Cov

ers a

ll te

chno

logi

es re

late

d to

the

deve

lopm

ent a

nd a

pplic

atio

n of

such

st

ruct

ures

, for

dyn

amic

con

trol o

f fle

xibl

e st

ruct

ures

, noi

se re

duct

ion,

load

redu

ctio

n,

activ

e an

d pa

ssiv

e da

mpi

ng. I

nclu

des s

enso

r an

d ac

tivat

or d

evel

opm

ents

, stru

ctur

al a

nd

syst

em in

tegr

atio

n an

d co

ntro

l log

ics.

I Se

nsor

/Act

uato

r T

echn

olog

ies

Incl

udin

g se

nsor

/act

uato

r dev

elop

men

ts e

.g. e

lect

roac

tive

poly

mer

s (E

AP)

, pie

zo p

atch

es, f

ibre

s. (N

ote

20-E

-I-1

: Det

aile

d m

echa

nism

s asp

ects

are

cov

ered

in T

D15

) II

T

echn

olog

ies f

or S

truc

tura

l Int

egra

tion

Incl

udin

g th

e ap

plic

atio

n of

var

ious

sens

or/a

ctua

tor c

ombi

natio

ns.

III

Dat

a A

cqui

sitio

n an

d C

ontr

ol L

ogic

Tec

hnol

ogie

s Rel

ated

to

Stru

ctur

al D

ynam

ics

Cov

erin

g m

ulti-

body

dyn

amic

s ana

lysi

s too

ls a

nd m

etho

dolo

gies

. IV

D

esig

n an

d V

erifi

catio

n To

ols a

nd M

etho

dolo

gies

In

clud

ing

deta

iled

anal

ysis

and

test

tool

s. F

Dam

age

Tole

ranc

e an

d H

ealth

Mon

itori

ng

Incl

udes

all

tech

nolo

gies

rela

ted

to th

e de

velo

pmen

t and

impl

emen

tatio

n of

dam

age

tole

ranc

e an

d he

alth

mon

itorin

g to

ols,

met

hodo

logi

es a

nd h

ardw

are,

incl

udin

g fa

tigue

, fra

ctur

e co

ntro

l, no

n-de

stru

ctiv

e in

spec

tion

(ND

I) a

nd se

nsor

dev

elop

men

ts.

I N

on-D

estr

uctiv

e In

spec

tion

Tec

hnol

ogie

s In

clud

ing

the

deve

lopm

ent o

f new

met

hodo

logi

es a

nd re

late

d ha

rdw

are,

app

licat

ion

in sp

ace

prog

ram

mes

. II

St

ruct

ural

-Hea

lth-M

onito

ring

Sen

sor

Tec

hnol

ogie

s In

clud

ing

sens

or d

evel

opm

ent,

stru

ctur

al in

tegr

atio

n et

c.

III

Frac

ture

Con

trol

Too

ls a

nd M

etho

dolo

gies

In

clud

ing

num

eric

al to

ols,

deta

iled

anal

ysis

met

hodo

logi

es, e

.g. f

or

non-

linea

r app

licat

ions

, dam

age

tole

ranc

e fo

r com

posi

tes a

nd

cera

mic

s.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

20

Stru

ctur

es (c

ont.)

G

L

aunc

hers

, Ree

ntry

Veh

icle

s, Pl

anet

ary

Veh

icle

s (a

scen

t, en

try, …

) Inc

lude

s all

rela

ted

tech

nolo

gies

for t

he d

evel

opm

ent o

f veh

icle

pr

imar

y an

d se

cond

ary

stru

ctur

es, c

ontro

l su

rfac

es, s

hiel

ds e

tc.

I T

echn

olog

ies f

or D

esig

n an

d V

erifi

catio

n of

Adv

ance

d Pr

imar

y St

ruct

ures

In

clud

ing

stru

ctur

al c

once

pts f

or h

ighl

y-lo

aded

com

pone

nts,

man

ufac

turin

g m

etho

dolo

gies

e.g

. fib

re p

lace

men

t, R

TM e

tc.

II

Adv

ance

d Ta

nk D

esig

n an

d V

erifi

catio

n T

echn

olog

ies

Incl

udin

g m

etal

lic a

nd c

ompo

site

tank

s, in

terf

aces

to p

rimar

y st

ruct

ure,

HM

S, N

DI,

dam

age

tole

ranc

e ap

proa

ches

, etc

. II

I L

andi

ng A

tten

uatio

n T

echn

olog

ies

Incl

udin

g ai

rbag

tech

nolo

gies

, lan

ding

legs

, app

licat

ion

of c

rush

able

m

ater

ials

, foa

ms e

tc.

IV

Con

trol

Sur

face

s, D

esig

n an

d V

erifi

catio

n T

echn

olog

ies

Incl

udin

g de

sign

with

cer

amic

s as w

ell a

s adv

ance

d m

etal

lic a

lloys

, co

mbi

ned

mec

hani

cal–

ther

mal

test

met

hodo

logi

es e

tc.

H

Cre

w H

abita

tion,

Saf

e H

aven

and

EV

A

suits

In

clud

es a

ll te

chno

logi

es fo

r the

dev

elop

men

t of

rela

ted

prim

ary

and

seco

ndar

y st

ruct

ures

, sh

ield

s etc

.

I H

abita

tion

Prim

ary

and

Seco

ndar

y St

ruct

ure

Tec

hnol

ogie

s C

over

s env

ironm

enta

l shi

elds

, des

ign

and

verif

icat

ion

tech

nolo

gies

. II

E

VA

Sui

ts, M

echa

nica

l Asp

ects

In

clud

ing

desi

gn o

f loa

d-/p

ress

ure-

carr

ying

ele

men

ts, i

nter

face

de

sign

bet

wee

n el

emen

ts, s

truct

ural

mat

eria

l asp

ects

, m

eteo

roid

/deb

ris im

pact

shie

ldin

g as

pect

s. I

Met

eoro

id a

nd D

ebri

s Shi

eld

Des

ign

and

Ana

lysi

s In

clud

es th

e de

velo

pmen

t of r

elat

ed a

naly

sis

and

test

tool

s and

met

hods

, shi

eld

deve

lopm

ents

, dam

age

asse

ssm

ents

etc

.

I T

ools

and

Met

hodo

logi

es fo

r D

esig

n an

d V

erifi

catio

n of

M

eteo

roid

& D

ebri

s Shi

elds

C

over

s num

eric

al to

ols,

mat

eria

ls m

odel

s, sh

ield

test

met

hods

, gas

gu

ns, s

hape

d ch

arge

s, da

ta a

cqui

sitio

n te

chno

logi

es.

J A

dvan

ced

Stru

ctur

al C

once

pts a

nd

Mat

eria

ls

I D

esig

n an

d V

erifi

catio

n T

echn

olog

ies

Cov

ers s

truct

ures

man

ufac

ture

d fr

om n

ovel

mat

eria

ls (n

anot

ube

rein

forc

ed, f

oam

s, se

lf-he

alin

g m

ater

ials

etc

.).

21

The

rmal

C

over

s all

tech

nolo

gies

nee

ded

for

the

ther

mal

con

trol o

f spa

ce

syst

ems.

A

Hea

t Tra

nspo

rt T

echn

olog

y C

over

s all

tech

nolo

gies

ass

ocia

ted

with

hea

t tra

nspo

rt, w

heth

er in

the

sing

le p

hase

or u

sing

th

e la

tent

hea

t in

two-

phas

e sy

stem

s.

I H

eat P

ipes

C

over

s all

tech

nolo

gies

rela

ted

to h

eat p

ipes

, e.g

. con

stan

t co

nduc

tanc

e, v

aria

ble

cond

ucta

nce

and

heat

pip

e di

odes

. II

C

apill

ary-

Dri

ven

Loop

s C

over

s all

tech

nolo

gies

rela

ted

to c

apill

ary-

driv

en tw

o-ph

ase

heat

tra

nspo

rt lo

ops,

incl

udin

g C

apill

ary

Pum

ped

Loop

s (C

PLs)

and

Lo

op H

eat P

ipes

(LH

Ps).


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

21

The

rmal

(con

t.)

A

Hea

t Tra

nspo

rt T

echn

olog

y (c

ont.)

II

I M

echa

nica

lly-P

umpe

d T

wo-

Phas

e L

oops

C

over

s all

elem

ents

and

ass

ocia

ted

tech

nolo

gies

for m

echa

nica

lly-

pum

ped

two-

phas

e he

at tr

ansp

ort l

oops

. IV

M

echa

nica

lly-P

umpe

d Si

ngle

-Pha

se L

oops

C

over

s all

elem

ents

and

ass

ocia

ted

tech

nolo

gies

for m

echa

nica

lly-

pum

ped

sing

le-p

hase

hea

t tra

nspo

rt lo

ops.

V

Hea

t Sw

itche

s C

over

s all

elem

ents

and

tech

nolo

gies

for h

eat s

witc

hes,

e.g.

bas

ed

on L

HPs

or m

echa

nica

lly d

riven

. B

C

ryog

enic

s and

Ref

rige

ratio

n C

over

s all

tech

nolo

gies

ass

ocia

ted

with

tra

nsfe

rrin

g he

at fr

om lo

wer

to h

ighe

r te

mpe

ratu

re le

vels

and

coo

ling

by e

vapo

ratio

n of

stor

ed c

ryog

ens.

I R

efri

gera

tion

and

Hea

t Pum

ps

Cov

ers a

ll re

frig

erat

ion

tech

nolo

gies

requ

ired

for t

empe

ratu

re

cont

rol o

f ite

ms i

n a

near

-roo

m-te

mpe

ratu

re e

nviro

nmen

t, in

clud

ing

also

hea

t pum

ps.

II

Cry

o-C

oole

rs

Cov

ers a

ll ac

tive

cryo

-mac

hine

ry a

nd a

ssoc

iate

d te

chno

logi

es fo

r co

olin

g to

cry

ogen

ic te

mpe

ratu

res (

dow

n to

1K

). II

I Pa

ssiv

e C

oole

rs a

nd S

tore

d C

ryog

ens

Cov

ers a

ll te

chno

logi

es re

late

d to

non

-act

ive

cool

ing

(e.g

. rad

iato

rs,

cryo

stat

s).

IV

Sub-

Kel

vin

Coo

lers

C

over

s all

tech

nolo

gies

requ

ired

to p

rovi

de c

oolin

g be

low

1K

. C

T

herm

al P

rote

ctio

n C

over

s all

tech

nolo

gies

ass

ocia

ted

with

th

erm

al p

rote

ctio

n an

d in

sula

tion

syst

ems f

or

atm

osph

eric

ent

ry.

I A

blat

ive

Syst

ems

Cov

ers a

ll te

chno

logi

es p

rovi

ding

ther

mal

pro

tect

ion

base

d on

ch

emic

al a

nd/o

r phy

sica

l rea

ctio

ns.

II

Reu

sabl

e Sy

stem

s C

over

s the

rmal

pro

tect

ion

tech

nolo

gies

for m

ultip

le a

pplic

atio

ns o

n re

entry

veh

icle

s. D

H

eat S

tora

ge a

nd R

ejec

tion

Cov

ers a

ll te

chno

logi

es a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith h

eat

stor

age

and

reje

ctio

n us

ing

coat

ings

, in

sula

tion,

ther

mal

cap

acito

rs a

nd ra

diat

ors.

I C

oatin

gs a

nd In

sula

tion

Cov

ers a

ll te

chno

logi

es fo

r ach

ievi

ng th

erm

al c

ontro

l sur

face

s and

in

sula

tion.

II

H

eat S

tora

ge

Cov

ers a

ll ty

pes o

f the

rmal

cap

acito

rs, e

.g. p

hase

-cha

nge

mat

eria

ls.

III

Rad

iato

rs

Cov

ers a

ll te

chno

logi

es a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith ra

diat

ive

inte

rfac

es b

etw

een

the

syst

em a

nd it

s env

ironm

ent,

incl

udin

g lo

uvre

s.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

21

The

rmal

(con

t.)

E T

herm

al A

naly

sis T

ools

Cov

ers a

ll so

ftwar

e to

ols a

nd m

etho

ds fo

r the

de

sign

and

ver

ifica

tion

of sp

ace

syst

ems.

I T

herm

al S

oftw

are

Too

ls C

over

s all

softw

are

used

for s

yste

m-le

vel a

naly

sis i

n th

e th

erm

al

area

. II

T

herm

al D

ata

Exc

hang

e C

over

s all

prot

ocol

s, to

ols a

nd m

etho

ds fo

r the

rmal

dat

a tra

nsfe

r fr

om o

ne so

ftwar

e en

viro

nmen

t to

anot

her.

III

The

rmal

Ana

lysi

s Met

hods

C

over

s all

anal

ytic

al a

nd n

umer

ical

met

hods

in re

latio

n w

ith th

e de

velo

pmen

t and

app

licat

ion

of so

ftwar

e to

ols f

or d

esig

n an

d ve

rific

atio

n.

22

Env

iron

men

tal C

ontr

ol &

Life

Su

ppor

t (EC

LS) a

nd In

Situ

R

esou

rce

Util

isat

ion

(ISR

U)

Cov

ers a

ll te

chno

logi

es fo

r co

ntro

lling

, mai

ntai

ning

and

su

ppor

ting

hum

an p

rese

nce

in sp

ace

and

the

utili

satio

n of

loca

l re

sour

ces.

A

EC

LS

Cov

ers a

ll te

chno

logi

es fo

r con

trolli

ng,

mai

ntai

ning

and

supp

ortin

g hu

man

pre

senc

e in

non

-terr

estri

al e

nviro

nmen

ts, s

uch

as

rege

nera

tive

(rec

yclin

g) te

chno

logi

es fo

r air,

w

ater

and

was

te, f

ood

prod

uctio

n an

d pr

epar

atio

n, e

nviro

nmen

tal m

onito

ring

and

cont

rol,

incl

udin

g ha

bita

bilit

y is

sues

.

I E

nvir

onm

enta

l Con

trol

and

Mon

itori

ng

Cov

ers a

ll te

chno

logi

es re

late

d to

air,

wat

er a

nd fo

od q

ualit

y m

onito

ring

and

cont

rol w

ith re

spec

t to

mic

robi

al a

nd c

hem

ical

co

ntam

inan

ts.

II

Reg

ener

ativ

e L

ife S

uppo

rt

Cov

ers a

ll te

chno

logi

es re

late

d to

air

and

air r

evita

lisat

ion,

wat

er

and

was

te re

cycl

ing

and

food

pre

para

tion

and

prod

uctio

n, u

sing

ph

ysic

o-ch

emic

al a

nd b

iolo

gica

l pro

cess

es.

III

Hab

itabi

lity

Cov

ers a

ll te

chno

logi

es n

eede

d fo

r des

ign

and

impl

emen

tatio

n of

a

hum

an h

abita

t, ai

min

g fo

r cre

w w

ellb

eing

, cre

w m

otiv

atio

n an

d op

timum

per

form

ance

, inc

ludi

ng d

efin

ition

of k

ey p

sych

olog

ical

fa

ctor

s.

IV

Inte

grat

ed E

CL

S C

over

s all

aspe

cts a

nd a

ssoc

iate

d te

chno

logi

es fo

r int

egra

ted

hum

an

habi

tats

and

life

supp

ort s

yste

ms,

incl

udin

g gr

ound

-bas

ed te

stbe

ds

and

over

all s

imul

atio

n to

ols a

nd m

etho

ds.

B

ISR

U

Cov

erin

g th

e te

chno

logi

cal a

spec

ts re

late

d to

th

e us

e of

indi

geno

us m

ater

ials

at t

he si

te o

f an

inte

rpla

neta

ry m

issi

on fo

r the

pro

duct

ion

of

reso

urce

s suc

h as

pro

pella

nts (

e.g.

met

hane

, ox

ygen

), re

acta

nts f

or fu

el c

ells

(e.g

. car

bon

mon

oxid

e, o

xyge

n) o

r flu

ids/

gase

s for

life

su

ppor

t.

I E

CL

S C

onsu

mab

les

Cov

ers a

ll te

chno

logi

es fo

r col

lect

ing

and

proc

essi

ng fl

uids

and

ga

ses t

o be

use

d as

con

sum

able

s for

EC

LS in

hum

an h

abita

ts (e

.g.

oxyg

en, h

ydro

gen,

nitr

ogen

, wat

er).

II

Fuel

s C

over

s all

tech

nolo

gies

for c

olle

ctin

g an

d pr

oces

sing

flui

ds a

nd

gase

s to

be u

sed

as c

onsu

mab

les f

or p

ropu

lsio

n an

d en

ergy

pr

oduc

tion.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

22

EC

LS

and

ISR

U (c

ont.)

B

IS

RU

(con

t.)

III

Stor

age

and

Dis

trib

utio

n C

over

s all

tech

nolo

gies

requ

ired

for s

torin

g an

d di

strib

utin

g flu

ids

and

gase

s. 23

E

EE

Com

pone

nts a

nd Q

ualit

y C

over

s tec

hnol

ogie

s rel

ated

to th

e de

sign

, pro

duct

ion

and

test

ing

of

EEE

com

pone

nts w

hich

mee

t the

pe

rfor

man

ce a

nd re

liabi

lity

requ

irem

ents

for u

se in

onb

oard

el

ectri

c/el

ectro

nic

syst

ems.

(Not

e 23

-1: T

his t

echn

olog

y do

mai

n is

con

cern

ed w

ith q

ualit

y is

sues

; sp

ecifi

c de

sign

issu

es a

re c

over

ed

by th

e re

spec

tive

TD)

A

Met

hods

and

Pro

cess

es fo

r Pr

oduc

t A

ssur

ance

of E

EE

Com

pone

nts,

incl

udin

g R

adia

tion

Har

dnes

s Ass

uran

ce

For d

eter

min

ing

and

enha

ncin

g te

chno

logy

/com

pone

nt re

liabi

lity

and

suita

bilit

y fo

r flig

ht a

pplic

atio

ns. D

efin

ition

of

radi

atio

n ha

rdne

ss a

ssur

ance

(RH

A)

requ

irem

ents

, mod

ellin

g of

par

ticle

inte

ract

ion

with

mat

ter a

nd re

sulti

ng ra

diat

ion

effe

cts i

n EE

E co

mpo

nent

s (in

clud

ing

sim

ulat

ion

of

com

pone

nt p

aram

eter

deg

rada

tion)

, ch

arac

teris

atio

n of

radi

atio

n ef

fect

s in

term

s of

tech

nolo

gy a

nd d

esig

n-de

pend

ent b

asic

m

echa

nism

s, ra

diat

ion

hard

enin

g/m

itiga

tion

and

radi

atio

n ve

rific

atio

n te

stin

g, in

clud

ing

defin

ition

of i

rrad

iatio

n te

st fa

cilit

y re

quire

men

ts a

nd d

osim

etry

.

I E

valu

atio

n an

d T

estin

g In

clud

es th

e de

velo

pmen

t of l

abor

ator

y te

chni

ques

and

test

met

hods

fo

r cha

ract

eris

atio

n, e

valu

atio

n, q

ualif

icat

ion,

der

atin

g, e

nd-o

f-lif

e,

failu

re a

naly

sis a

nd p

rocu

rem

ent o

f spa

ce c

ompo

nent

s. II

R

adia

tion

Har

deni

ng

Proc

ess h

arde

ning

, des

ign

hard

enin

g, m

itiga

tion

tech

niqu

es,

verif

icat

ion

and

valid

atio

n.

III

Des

ign

and

Dev

elop

men

t D

evel

opm

ent a

nd d

esig

n of

com

pone

nts a

dapt

ed to

the

requ

irem

ents

fo

r spa

ce a

pplic

atio

ns a

nd c

apab

le o

f mee

ting

spac

e co

mpo

nent

qu

alifi

catio

n re

quire

men

ts.

IV

Mod

ellin

g Si

mul

atio

n of

EEE

com

pone

nt re

spon

ses t

o ra

diat

ion

at

sem

icon

duct

or le

vel,

incl

udin

g si

mul

atio

n an

d pr

edic

tion

of E

EE

com

pone

nt p

aram

eter

deg

rada

tion.

V

R

HA

Pro

cess

D

efin

ition

of R

HA

requ

irem

ents

and

dev

elop

men

t of i

rrad

iatio

n te

st

met

hod/

guid

elin

es.

VI

Irra

diat

ion

Tes

t Fac

ilitie

s D

efin

ition

of i

rrad

iatio

n te

st fa

cilit

y re

quire

men

ts c

over

ing

parti

cle

spec

ies,

ener

gy, f

lux,

bea

m si

ze, u

nifo

rmity

and

acc

urac

y.

Def

initi

on o

f dos

imet

ry a

nd d

osim

etry

acc

urac

y. D

efin

ition

of a

ll in

terf

aces

(mec

hani

cal a

nd e

lect

rical

) to

enab

le ir

radi

atio

n te

stin

g of

EE

E co

mpo

nent

s. B

E

EE

Com

pone

nt T

echn

olog

ies

Cov

ers t

he c

ompo

nent

tech

nolo

gies

mos

t co

mm

only

eva

luat

ed u

sing

the

proc

esse

s in

23-A

.

I Pa

ssiv

e C

ompo

nent

s C

apac

itors

, ind

ucto

rs, r

esis

tors

, cry

stal

s, m

agne

tics,

switc

hes,

wire

s, ca

bles

, con

nect

ors,

piez

o ac

tuat

ors,

heat

ers,

harn

esse

s, no

n-in

tegr

ated

ele

ctro

-mec

hani

cal c

ompo

nent

s. R

F pa

ssiv

e co

mpo

nent

s su

ch a

s iso

lato

rs, c

ircul

ator

s, et

c. a

re a

lso

addr

esse

d.

II

Silic

on-B

ased

Com

pone

nts

Dis

cret

es, a

nalo

gue,

dig

ital a

nd m

ixed

sign

al te

chno

logi

es a

nd

devi

ce ty

pes a

cros

s all

inte

grat

ion

leve

ls a

nd fu

nctio

nal c

ompl

exity

ra

nges

in b

ipol

ar a

nd M

OS

tech

nolo

gies

.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

23

EE

E C

ompo

nent

s and

Qua

lity

(con

t.)

B

EE

E C

ompo

nent

Tec

hnol

ogie

s (co

nt.)

III

RF

Mic

row

ave

and

Mill

imet

re W

ave

Com

pone

nts

Dis

cret

es a

nd M

MIC

com

pone

nts i

nclu

ding

RF-

CM

OS,

GaA

s, Si

Ge,

InP

tech

nolo

gies

, pac

kagi

ng a

nd R

F pa

ssiv

e co

mpo

nent

s.

IV

Opt

oele

ctro

nic

Act

ive

and

Pass

ive

Com

pone

nts

Opt

ical

and

nea

r-op

tical

sens

ors,

dete

ctor

s, la

ser d

iode

s, fib

re

optic

al c

onne

ctor

s, op

tical

ass

embl

ies a

nd a

ssoc

iate

d pa

ssiv

e co

mpo

nent

s. V

H

ybri

ds a

nd M

icro

pack

agin

g Th

ick

and

thin

film

hyb

rid te

chno

logi

es, m

icro

wav

e hy

brid

circ

uits

, D

C–D

C c

onve

rter t

echn

olog

ies,

crys

tal o

scill

ator

s, m

ultic

hip

mod

ules

, sys

tem

-on-

a-ch

ip (S

OC

), 3D

stac

king

and

inte

rcon

nect

te

chno

logi

es, I

C p

acka

ging

tech

nolo

gies

, RF

and

MM

IC p

acka

ging

an

d su

bass

embl

ies.

VI

Pow

er C

ompo

nent

s V

ery-

high

-vol

tage

MO

SFET

S, IG

BT,

SiC

, GaN

pow

er d

evic

es,

pow

er in

clud

ing

for r

ealis

atio

n of

hig

h-pe

rfor

man

ce D

C–D

C p

ower

co

nver

sion

tran

sist

ors a

nd th

erm

al m

anag

emen

t com

pone

nts.

VII

W

ide

Ban

d G

ap T

echn

olog

ies

SiC

, GaN

and

Dia

mon

d fo

r adv

ance

d M

MIC

app

licat

ions

and

har

sh

envi

ronm

ent s

enso

r tec

hnol

ogie

s and

for r

ealis

atio

n of

hig

h-pe

rfor

man

ce D

C–D

C p

ower

con

vers

ion

trans

isto

rs.

VII

I M

icro

Ele

ctro

Mec

hani

cal S

yste

ms (

MEM

S)

Evol

ving

rang

e of

tech

nolo

gies

and

app

licat

ions

incl

udin

g R

F M

EMS,

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

s, A

OC

S se

nsor

s, M

OEM

S, a

ctua

tors

, etc

. IX

N

anot

echn

olog

y in

Mic

roci

rcui

ts

App

licat

ion

of c

arbo

n na

notu

bes,

nano

fibre

s, in

nova

tive

nano

mat

eria

ls to

mic

roci

rcui

t im

prov

emen

t. 24

M

ater

ials

and

Pro

cess

es

Cov

ers t

he m

ater

ials

mec

hani

cs a

nd

proc

esse

s, th

eir p

hysi

cal a

nd

chem

ical

beh

avio

ur a

nd th

e in

tera

ctio

n w

ith th

e op

erat

iona

l en

viro

nmen

t thr

ough

the

S/C

and

gr

ound

infr

astru

ctur

e lif

ecyc

le.

Furth

erm

ore,

all

man

ufac

turin

g pr

oces

ses a

re c

over

ed.

A

Nov

el M

ater

ials

and

Mat

eria

ls T

echn

olog

y In

clud

es m

ater

ials

not

yet

use

d in

spac

e bu

t pr

esen

ting

pote

ntia

l int

eres

t.

I M

ater

ial A

sses

smen

t In

clud

ing

basi

c pr

oper

ties,

poss

ibili

ty to

scal

e-up

, lim

itatio

ns.

II

Nan

otec

hnol

ogy

Cov

erin

g de

velo

pmen

t, m

anuf

actu

re a

nd te

st o

f nan

otub

es,

nano

fibre

s, na

noco

atin

gs.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

24

Mat

eria

ls a

nd P

roce

sses

(con

t.)

B

Mat

eria

ls P

roce

sses

M

ater

ials

man

ufac

turin

g pr

oces

ses a

nd

fabr

icat

ion

tech

niqu

es.

I Jo

inin

g In

clud

ing

glue

ing,

bon

ding

, wel

ding

, bra

zing

, sol

derin

g, fa

sten

ing,

re

pairi

ng.

(Not

e 24

-B-I

-1: t

echn

olog

ies r

elat

ed to

the

join

ing

of h

igh-

stab

ility

st

ruct

ures

are

cov

ered

in 2

0-B-

II; t

echn

olog

ies r

elat

ed to

the

join

ing

of in

flata

ble

and

depl

oyab

le st

ruct

ures

are

cov

ered

in 2

0-C

-III

; te

chno

logi

es re

late

d to

the

join

ing

of h

ot st

ruct

ures

are

cov

ered

in

20-D

-IV.

) II

C

oatin

g In

clud

ing

deve

lopm

ent,

man

ufac

ture

and

test

of p

aint

s, co

nfor

mal

co

atin

gs, o

rgan

ic a

nd in

orga

nic

coat

ings

, the

rmo-

optic

al c

oatin

gs,

ther

mal

con

trol m

ater

ials

, opt

ical

mat

eria

ls, s

ol-g

el c

oatin

gs, A

LD,

oxid

atio

n pr

otec

tion,

fini

shes

. II

I C

hara

cter

isat

ion

and

Feed

back

C

over

s all

aspe

cts r

elat

ed to

ther

mo-

phys

ical

/ mec

hani

cal/c

hem

ical

pr

oper

ties,

long

-term

age

ing

effe

cts.

IV

Adv

ance

d M

ater

ials

Man

ufac

ture

C

over

s man

ufac

turin

g as

pect

s rel

ated

to C

FRP,

cer

amic

s, C

MC

, M

MC

, foa

ms,

func

tiona

lly-g

radi

ent m

ater

ials

, sol

-gel

pro

cess

ed

mat

eria

ls, n

ear-

net-s

hape

pro

cess

ing

rout

e, P

VD

& C

VD

pro

cess

es,

ISR

U p

roce

sses

for s

olid

mat

eria

ls m

anuf

actu

re, n

anot

echn

olog

y as

pect

s of m

ater

ials

…

C

Cle

anlin

ess a

nd S

teri

lisat

ion

Incl

udes

the

tech

niqu

es, t

ests

and

tech

nolo

gies

to

ens

ure

and

verif

y th

at th

e ha

rdw

are

fulfi

ls

the

requ

irem

ents

in te

rms o

f con

tam

inat

ion,

st

erili

satio

n an

d de

grad

atio

n in

a b

road

sens

e.

I St

erili

satio

n of

Mat

eria

ls

Effe

ct o

f ste

rilis

atio

n on

mat

eria

ls a

nd a

ssem

blie

s, co

mpa

tibili

ty o

f m

ater

ials

with

ster

ilisa

tion

tech

niqu

es.

(Not

e 24

-C-I

-1: T

echn

olog

ies r

elat

ed to

ver

ifica

tion

of th

e bi

obur

den

redu

ctio

n pr

oces

s are

cov

ered

in 1

4-C

-IV

to 1

4-C

-VI).

II

C

ontr

ol o

f Mol

ecul

ar C

onta

min

atio

n O

utga

ssin

g of

mat

eria

ls, c

lean

lines

s mon

itorin

g te

chni

ques

, co

ntam

inat

ion

trans

fer p

roce

sses

, eff

ects

on

perf

orm

ance

, m

itiga

tion,

surf

ace

cont

amin

atio

n, …

Las

er-in

duce

d co

ntam

inat

ion,

ph

otof

ixat

ion

of c

onta

min

atio

n.

III

Con

trol

of P

artic

ulat

e C

onta

min

atio

n In

clud

es c

onta

min

atio

n tra

nsfe

r pro

cess

es, e

ffec

ts o

n pe

rfor

man

ce,

miti

gatio

n, p

rote

ctio

n, c

lean

room

mon

itorin

g.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

24

Mat

eria

ls a

nd P

roce

sses

(con

t.)

C

Cle

anlin

ess a

nd S

teri

lisat

ion

(con

t.)

IV

Con

trol

of B

io-C

orro

sion

, Bio

cide

s, Pl

asm

a C

orro

sion

etc.

A

ddre

sses

the

degr

adat

ion

of m

ater

ials

inte

ract

ing

with

an

atm

osph

ere,

incl

udin

g de

grad

atio

n re

sulti

ng fr

om a

n in

habi

ted

atm

osph

ere.

V

C

onta

min

atio

n M

odel

ling

and

Life

time

Pred

ictio

n of

Mat

eria

l B

ehav

iour

M

odel

ling

and

lifet

ime

pred

ictio

n by

the

inte

ract

ion

of

mat

eria

ls/e

nviro

nmen

t with

con

tam

inat

ion.

D

Sp

ace

Env

iron

men

tal E

ffec

ts o

n M

ater

ials

an

d Pr

oces

ses

I In

tera

ctio

n of

Mat

eria

ls w

ith th

e Sp

ace

Env

iron

men

t El

ectro

mag

netic

radi

atio

n fr

om E

UV

to F

IR, X

-ray

s, pa

rticl

e ra

diat

ion,

vac

uum

, ato

mic

oxy

gen,

cha

rgin

g, c

onta

min

atio

n,

syne

rgis

tic e

ffec

ts, d

ust &

par

ticle

s, pl

anet

ary

gase

s…

II

Inte

ract

ion

of M

ater

ials

with

the

Gro

und

Env

iron

men

t C

over

ing

issu

es su

ch a

s sto

rage

, log

istic

s, co

rros

ion,

swel

ling.

II

I In

tera

ctio

n of

Mat

eria

ls w

ith th

e In

habi

ted

Env

iron

men

t A

ddre

ssin

g sa

fety

- and

per

form

ance

-rel

ated

issu

es a

ffec

ting

the

inha

bite

d en

viro

nmen

t suc

h as

toxi

city

, fla

mm

abili

ty, …

. E

Mod

ellin

g of

Mat

eria

ls B

ehav

iour

and

Pr

oper

ties

I M

icro

stru

ctur

al a

nd N

anos

truc

tura

l Cha

ract

erisa

tion

of

Mat

eria

ls II

M

odel

ling

of T

herm

omec

hani

cal P

roce

sses

of M

ater

ials

incl

udin

g L

ifetim

e Pr

edic

tions

II

I C

hara

cter

isat

ion,

Mod

ellin

g an

d T

estin

g of

Fra

ctur

e M

echa

nics

IV

T

herm

al A

naly

sis o

f Mat

eria

ls

Cov

ers c

hara

cter

isat

ion

of th

e fu

nctio

nal p

rope

rties

of m

ater

ials

fr

om c

ryog

enic

to re

entry

/laun

cher

tem

pera

ture

s. F

Non

-Des

truc

tive

Insp

ectio

n In

clud

es d

evel

opm

ent o

f tes

t and

ver

ifica

tion

met

hods

.

- -

G

Mat

eria

l and

Pro

cess

Obs

oles

cenc

e I

Reg

ulat

ion

and

legi

slat

ion-

base

d ob

sole

scen

ce

Add

ress

es th

e m

ater

ials

and

man

ufac

turin

g pr

oces

s ava

ilabi

lity

and

limita

tions

due

to e

nviro

nmen

tal r

egul

atio

ns a

nd e

xpor

t reg

ulat

ions

(e

.g. R

EAC

H, R

oHS,

ITA

R, e

tc.).

II

Sc

arce

Mat

eria

ls D

ue to

pro

duct

ion

stop

, ban

krup

tcy,

etc

.


T

D

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

DO

MA

IN

TS

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

SU

BDO

MA

IN

TG

T

EC

HN

OL

OG

Y G

RO

UP

24

Mat

eria

ls a

nd P

roce

sses

(con

t.)

H

Mat

eria

ls fo

r E

lect

roni

c A

ssem

bly

I Pr

inte

d C

ircu

it B

oard

Tec

hnol

ogie

s II

Su

rfac

e M

ount

Tec

hnol

ogie

s M

ater

ials

for

Ele

ctro

nic

Ass

embl

y (c

ont.)

II

I V

erifi

catio

n of

Ele

ctro

nic

Ass

embl

ies

25

Qua

lity,

Dep

enda

bilit

y an

d Sa

fety

C

over

s the

qua

lity,

relia

bilit

y,

avai

labi

lity,

mai

ntai

nabi

lity

and

safe

ty o

f spa

ce sy

stem

s and

thei

r co

nstit

uent

s (ha

rdw

are,

softw

are

and

the

hum

an e

lem

ent).

It a

lso

addr

esse

s met

hods

and

tool

s for

the

asse

ssm

ent a

nd m

anag

emen

t of

tech

nica

l ris

ks a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

spac

e sy

stem

s and

thei

r ope

ratio

ns.

A

Syst

em D

epen

dabi

lity

and

Safe

ty

Add

ress

es th

e re

liabi

lity,

ava

ilabi

lity,

m

aint

aina

bilit

y an

d sa

fety

of t

he e

ntire

spac

e sy

stem

.

I D

epen

dabi

lity

and

Safe

ty M

etho

ds &

Too

ls

Cov

ers m

etho

ds a

nd to

ols t

o ac

hiev

e m

issi

on su

cces

s and

haz

ard

cont

rol.

II

Tec

hnic

al R

isk

Man

agem

ent T

echn

ique

s C

over

s the

iden

tific

atio

n, e

valu

atio

n, m

itiga

tion

and

acce

ptan

ce o

f ris

ks.

B

Soft

war

e Q

ualit

y A

ddre

sses

the

qual

ity o

f the

softw

are

deve

lopm

ent p

roce

ss a

nd th

e re

sulti

ng

softw

are

prod

ucts

.

I SW

Pro

cess

Qua

lity

Tec

hniq

ues

Cov

ers t

he te

chni

ques

to a

ssur

e th

e qu

ality

of t

he so

ftwar

e de

velo

pmen

t pro

cess

. II

SW

Pro

duct

Qua

lity

Tec

hniq

ues

Cov

ers t

he e

valu

atio

n an

d ce

rtific

atio

n of

the

qual

ity o

f the

softw

are

prod

ucts

. C

Pr

oduc

t and

Qua

lity

Ass

uran

ce

I Pr

oduc

t Ass

uran

ce P

roce

sses

for

Flig

ht a

nd G

roun

d Sy

stem

s C

over

s the

coo

rdin

atio

n an

d in

tegr

atio

n of

PA

dis

cipl

ines

(QA

, sa

fety

, dep

enda

bilit

y, E

EE p

arts

, mat

eria

ls, m

echa

nica

l par

ts,

proc

esse

s, so

ftwar

e PA

), au

ditin

g, c

ritic

al it

ems,

conf

igur

atio

n m

anag

emen

t, al

erts

, doc

umen

t and

dat

a co

ntro

l, no

ncon

form

ance

co

ntro

l and

qua

lity

reco

rds.

II

Qua

lity

Ass

uran

ce P

roce

sses

for

Flig

ht a

nd G

roun

d Sy

stem

s C

over

s ass

uran

ce o

f des

ign,

man

ufac

ture

, ass

embl

y, in

tegr

atio

n,

test

ing,

pro

cure

men

t, re

curr

ing

prod

uctio

n, tr

aini

ng, i

nspe

ctio

ns,

trace

abili

ty a

nd st

anda

rds.

26

OT

HE

RS

Plea

se c

onta

ct th

e TE

C-T

off

ice

at E

STEC

if y

ou n

eed

to in

clud

e ad

ditio

nal t

echn

olog

ies n

ot c

over

ed in

this

doc

umen

t.


Appendix A – Technology Domain Responsibles The following table lists the contact points in ESA for the Technology Domains defined in sections 2 and 3.

TD ID TD TITLES TD CONTACT POINTS IN ESA AFFILIATION

01 Onboard Data Systems Philippe Armbruster TEC-ED

02 Space System Software Jean-Loup Terraillon

Nestor Peccia

Pier Giorgio Marchetti

TEC-SWE

HSO-GI

EOP-GSR

03 Spacecraft Electrical Power Henri Barde TEC-EP

04 Spacecraft Environments & Effects

Eamonn Daly TEC-EES

05 Space System Control Alain Benoit TEC-EC

06 RF Systems, Payloads & Technologies

Riccardo De Gaudenzi TEC-ET

07 Electromagnetics Technologies & Techniques

Cyril Mangenot TEC-EE

08 System Design & Verification Joachim Fuchs

Benoit Laine

TEC-SWM

TEC-MTV

09 Mission Operation and Ground Data Systems

Nestor Peccia HSO-GI

10 Flight Dynamics and GNSS Frank Dreger HSO-GF

11 Space Debris Heiner Klinkrad HSO-GR

12 Ground Station Systems and Networks

Klaus-Juergen Schulz HSO-GS

13 Automation, Telepresence & Robotics

Gianfranco Visentin TEC-MMA

14 Life & Physical Sciences Robert Lindner TEC-MMG

15 Mechanisms Gerard Migliorero TEC-MSM

16 Optics Luca Maresi TEC-MMO

17 Optoelectronics Zoran Sodnik TEC-MME

18 Aerothermodynamics José Longo TEC-MPA

19 Propulsion Giorgio Saccoccia TEC-MP

20 Structures Rafael Bureo TEC-MSS

21 Thermal Olivier Pin TEC-MTT

22 ECLS and ISRU Christophe Lasseur TEC-MMG

23 EEE Components & Quality Ralf de Marino

Laurent Marchand

TEC-QE

TEC-QTC

24 Materials & Processes Mikko Nikulainen TEC-QT

25 Quality, Dependability and Safety

Luigi Bianchi TEC-QQD

26 OTHERS TEC-T


Appendix B – Differences between Technology Tree Versions 2.1 and 3.0

Issue 3.0 of the Technology Tree (TT) now contains:

• 26 TDs (26 in issue 2.1) • 101 TSs (92 in issue 2.1) • 320 TGs (274 in issue 2.1)

The total number of entries for issue 3.0 is therefore 447. TT issue 2.1 contained 392 entries, and issue 1.1, 411 entries. An outline of the changes introduced in this latest revision is as follows:

• 47 entries have been added • 44 entries have an updated title • 110 entries have an updated description • 7 entries have been moved inside the TT • 3 entries have been deleted • 9 entries have been split into more than one entry • 6 entries have been merged

In more detail, the major changes that have been introduced are:

• System Design & Verification (TD8) has undergone major rewriting • Space Debris (TD11) was previously only defined down to TS level, TGs have now been added • Pyrotechnics has been moved from Structures (TD20) to Mechanisms (TD15) • Aerothermodynamics (TD18) has undergone extensive restructuring and rewriting • Space System Control (TD5) has had new TSs added and also been rewritten • Several new TSs and TGs have been introduced in EEE Components & Quality (TD23), Materials

& Processes (TD24) and Quality, Dependability and Safety (TD25) • A large coordination effort has been undertaken to clarify the split between RF Payload Systems

(TD6), Flight Dynamics and GNSS (TD10), and Ground Station Systems and Networks (TD12)


The following table gives a mapping matrix from the entries of issue 2.1 to the entries of issue 3.0. Please note that, in the table, when an entry of issue 3.0 is followed by a * it means that more branches were added and therefore a direct match between issues 2.1 and 3.0 is not possible (example: 11-A from 2.1 now has several subgroups in 3.0, therefore 11-A is now 11-A*).

TT2.1 TT3.0

5 A I 5-A-I

II 5-A-II

B I 5*

II 5*

III 5-B-III

10 A I 10-A-I, 10-A-II

II 10-A-II

III 10-A-II

IV 10-A-III

B I 10-B-I

II 10-B-II

11 A 11-A*

B 11-B*

C 11-C*

18 A I 18-A-I

II 18-A*

III 18-A*

IV 18-A*

B I 18-B*

II 18-B*

III 18-B*

IV 18-B*

C I 18-C*

II 18-C*

D I 18-D*

II 18-D*

K I 15-H-I

II 15-H-II

III 15-B

IV 15-H-IV

V 15-H-V

VI 15-H-VI

VII 15-H-III


Appendix C: Acronyms

A&R Automation & robotics AIT Assembly, integration and test AIV Assembly, integration and verification ALD Atomic layer deposition AOCS Attitude & orbit control system APD Avalanche photodiode APS Active pixel sensor ASIC Application specific integrated circuits ASSP Application specific standard products BCR Battery charge regulator BDR Battery discharge regulator BEC Bose-Einstein condensate CAD Computer-aided design CCD Charge-coupled device CFD Computational fluid dynamics CFRP Carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic CMC Ceramic matrix composite CMG Control moment gyroscope CMOS Complementary metal oxide

semiconductor COSPAR COmmittee on SPAce Research CPL Capillary pumped loop CPT Coherent population trapping CSOS Complex System of Systems CVD Chemical vapour deposition CW Continuous wave DC Direct current DRS Data relay satellite DSP Digital signal processor EAP Electroactive polymer ECLD External cavity laser diode ECLS Environmental control & life support EEE Electric, electromechanical &

electronic EGNOS European geostationary navigation

overlay service EGSE Electrical ground support equipment EMC Electromagnetic compatibility EO Earth observation EPC Electronic power converter ESD Electrostatic discharge ESTEC ESA’s European Space Research and

Technology Centre ESTER European Space Technology

Requirements database EUV Extreme ultraviolet EVA Extra-vehicular activity

FD Flight dynamics FIR Far-infrared FOG Fibre-optic gyro FPGA Field programmable gate array GNC Guidance, navigation & control GNSS Global navigation satellite system GPS Global positioning system GSE Ground support equipment HCI Human computer interface HEB Hot-electron bolometer HMS Health monitoring system HPA High-power amplifier HRG Hemispherical resonator gyro HVI High-velocity impact HW Hardware IC Integrated circuit IGBT Insulated gate bipolar transistor IMU Inertial measurement unit I/O Input/output IP Intellectual property ISRU In situ resource utilisation ITAR International Traffic in Arms

Regulations LDA laser-diode array LED Light-emitting diode LEO Low Earth orbit LHP Loop heat pipe LNA Low noise amplifier LOX Liquid oxygen M&C Monitoring & control M&D Meteoroid and Debris MCS Mission control systems MCT Mercury cadmium telluride MEMS Micro electro mechanical systems MEO Medium Earth orbit MMC Metal matrix composite MMIC Monolithic microwave integrated

circuit MOEMS Micro-opto-electro-mechanical

systems MOS Metal oxide semiconductor MOSFET Metal oxide semiconductor field effect

transistor NCO Numerically-controlled oscillator NDI Non-destructive inspection Nd:YAG Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum

garnet


NIR Near-infrared OMG Object management group OSRC Optical stabilising reference cavities PA Product assurance PCU Power conditioning unit PDM Payload data modulator PDU Power distribution unit PPU Power processing unit PVD Physical vapour deposition QA Quality assurance QCL Quantum cascade lasers QCW Quasi-continuous wave QDIP Quantum dot infrared photodetector QWIP Quantum well infrared photodetector RE Rare Earth REACH Registration, evaluation, authorisation

and restriction of chemical substances RF Radio frequency RFC Radio frequency compatibility RHA Radiation hardness assurance RoHS Restriction of hazardous substances RTM Resin transfer moulding RVD Rendezvous and docking SAR Solar array regulator SAR Synthetic aperture radar S/C Spacecraft SOC System-on-a-chip SQUID Superconducting quantum interference

device SRC Stabilising reference cavity SW Software TD Technology domain TDR Technology domain responsible TECNET ESA Technology Network TG Technology group TNL Thermal noise limit TS Technology subdomain TT Technology tree TT&C Telemetry, tracking and command TWT Travelling wave tube UHT Ultra-high temperature VCO Voltage-controlled oscillator VCSEL Vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers

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