26
11 -ORGANIC CHEAAISTRY PRACTICE PACKET Hex-1-yne
11 -ORGANIC CHEAAISTRY PRACTICE PACKET
H e x - 1 - y n e
R e v i e w Q u e s t i o n s
1. All organic compounds rni^sfe«>ntain the element (!) hydrogen (2) nitrogedls^rbon (4) oxygen
2. Which element Is composed of atoms that can form more than one covalent bmB^lth one another? (1) hydrogen (2) helium © W b o n (4) calcium
3. What Is the total number of valence electrons In a ?n atom in theground state? {1)12 {2)2 {3)6.
(4)4y
characteristic of an melting point
4. Which property Is g e r i ^ organic compound? (2) high melting point (3) soluble in polar solvents (4) insoluble in nonpolar solvents
5. In general, which property do organic compounds share? (t) high melting point {2) higj:i;^ectrlcal conductivity {3} readily soluble in wajgr i^. tion rate
iwreac-
6» A hydrocarbon molecule containing one triple cova-vlsntbondls^dassifiedasan (l)alkene (2)alkane M^alkyne {4}alkadiene
7. What Js the total nunrtber of hydrogen atoms |h a molecule of butene? (1)10 {2}SJ^S (4)4
8. By howTnany carbon atoms does each member of a h o m d j ^ u s series differ from the previous member?(Oil (2)2 (3)3 (4)4
9. Which ofthefollovtflng isa saturatedhyc|roGarbon? (I)ethene (2)ethyne (3) propene/<4)pRbpane
1Q. What js the total number of pairs of electrons shared between the two adjacent carbmatoms in an ethyne molecule? (1)1 ( 2 ) 2 ( ^ ) ( 4 ) 4
11. -Which compound Is aroemfaer of the same homologous series as C^HJ^^mt^H^ (2)qH5 (3)C3H4 (4)qH3 ^
12. Which hydrocarbon is a msrn^gfef the series with the general fbnnula C^H^_^'\)^yne (2) ethene (3) butane {4) benzene
13. Which coBagoupd belongs to the alkene series? (1)qHi<l2)^,H, {3)C,H, (4)C,H,,
14. Whithtypeofbo bon nijolecule?
:curs in a saturated hydrocar-gle covalent (2) double cova-
.4TS^Ient
lent (3) triple, covalent (4) ionic
15. Which type of bonds and solids are'Gharacteri^ic bf organic compounds? (1) ionic bonds and ionic solids (2) ionic bonds and molecular^lids (3) covalent bonds and ionicsolic bonds and molecular solids
16* The four single bonds of a carbojwtomsire directed In spacetoward the corners of ^(1) regulartetrahe-dron (2) regular octahedron (3) square plane (4) trigonal bipyramfd
17. In which group could tfie hydroearbons all belong to the same homologous series? (DCjHyCjH^^qHg (2) qH^C3H,,C4H8 (3) qH4 ,qH^qH,
18. Which formula represents butane? (DCHjCHg (2)CH3CH2CH3
19. Write the molecular formula for 1-octene and draw its sftractural I I \ '
brmula:
I c 1 c
I ( I I
20. Write the molecular formula forJB-pentyne and draw its structural formula:
1 C
1
c (
c I
V
N a m e :
b i r e c t f o n s : b e t e r m i n e t h e h y d r o c a r b o n o f e a c h m o l e ' : u l e s a n d w h e t h e r i t i s
s a t u r a t e d o r u n s a t u r a t e d .
1. CzHe 2. C 2 H 4
3. CzHz 4. C 4 H 8
5. C 5 H 8
6. C^He 1. C:6Hio 8. C10H20
9. <:4H6 10. CoHio XI. CsHw 12. C9H16
13. C6H12
14. C2H6 15. C7H16
16. C 3 H 8
17. C4H10
18. C7H12
19. C9Ht8 20. C H 4
21. C5H12
22. CxzWz^ 23. C10H13
24. 2&. CtiHao 26. Ci4Ha6
28. C13H24
29, C11H22
CK
S a t u r a t e d / U n s a t u r a t e d
\
N
X
n
I
2 . J t v c - c - c - c i c
- . 1 ,
3 .
4 1 T
1
J — 4
1 i
I I J 1 f — r
5 .
II .1 ~ c - \ ,1 1
-T"^^'" I ' ^ _ - \
- c - c - c -I 1
K
• — ,
1
' 1 1 — U 1
II
C
—-1
N a m e
Name the compounds below according to \he lUPAC naming system (' ( o f}<C
5, 1.
3.
4.
H H H
I I 1 C - C - C - H f I- I
H H H
I - pr6 |o \ | j^^
H H
b c 4
6.
H O H 3
D - C - H 1 I
2- r^eAKv/1 p ^ p ^ h c
7. H H H
J 1 I
1«
8.
H H H I i I
H - C - C - C - C - e - H I I I I 1
H H H H H
2 - )^e.Ky p«n4c\ t
H H G ~ H H H
c - c - c - c - c
H H
32) H — C
H
S T R U C T U R E O F H Y D R O C A R B O N S Name
Draw the structure of the compounds below.
1. ethane
1 I
5. ethyne
c ^ c ~
2. propene 6. 3,3-dimethyl pentane
i 1. f
1 — c -
1 >2-butene
1 1
7. 2, a-dimethyl pentane
1 1 1 1 1
- C - 1 1
4. methane
(
C 1
8. n-butyne
1 1
—P. 11- —
Isomer Naming Practice
Name the following molecules:
CH-^ C.H-, I ' I '
CH. — C - ~ CM J ~ C H ~ CH. I. ^ |2 3 - ^ 4 5
Example: - 2,2,4-frimethyl pentane
1, CBjCHiCmCHaCHiCHCHi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W^^CKDCU.
H H
Draw the following molecules:
/ ( ' ' ' 1 1 1
r I f
2.3-d;» 4Wl l-U*^
1 ±
- C I I I \ I I
t I I I I
19. Which compound is an isomer of C^HgOH?
/ - ^ H g O C y ^ I4)CH3COOH
20. Whicfi compound is an Isomer of CHjCHpH?
(DCHjCCXDH ^ ^ / ^ ^ H 3
(2)CH,CHXH,
.3OCH3
(4)CHX0CK
2 1 . Which formula represents an Isomer of the compound propanoic acid (CHgCH^COOH)? (1) CH3CH2CH2OH (3) CHjCHCOHKHjOH
(IjCHjCHjCH^COOH 3 C O O C H 3
22. Given the compound:
H H H I I I H - C - C - C - C I
H H CI
Wliich structural formula represents an Isomer?
• ' "> ? VV V H - C - C - C - C ~ C I
H H H CI (2)
(3)
(4)
H H H . I 1 I O I - H 3 - C ^ O - «
I ! i H a H
H H H i I I
H - C - C - C — C I
I i A
c i ~ c - ( j : ~ ^ - | j - c i H H H CI
23. Which compounds are isomers?
OlCHjBrandtHjBr^ (2) C H 3 O H and CH3CH2OH
^ C H j O H a n d O i ^ C H O ^)cH,OCH,andCH3CH3pH ^
24. An —o/sLrfflx Indicates that an - O H groun nas been A^added to a hydrocarboa Which fbrmuJa represents
1,2-ethaned!ol?©C2H^(OH)2 (2)C3H5(OH)3 {3)Ca(0H)2 (4)Co(OH)3
25. Which structural fomnula represents 1,1-dibromo-propane?
(1)
(2)
1 1 H - C - C - H
Br Br
(3) ^ ^ ^
H~C-<p-C-H Br Br H
Br H
1 Br H H
,. H _H^,._,_.
26. Which is an isomer of H - C - C - O H ? H H
(2) H H
H O ~ C — C ~ H i i H H
H-C- .C- .H I H
(4) y y y H ~ C - C ~ 0 - C - H
H H H
27. Which structural formula represents 2,2-dimethyl propane?
(1) H H H I I I
H — C — C — C — H I I I H H H
(2) H I
H—C—H H 1 H 1
1 H — C —
1 —C
1 - C — H
1 1 H
1 H
1 H
H
(4) H 1
H — C -I
,H
H I
H—C—H I
H
28. Which Is the c o n ^ lUPAC name forthe hydrocarbon with the structural formula shown below?
H I •
H—C—H H I I
H—C C—H I I H H — C ~ H
I H—C—H
H ,
(1) 1-methyl-^gJjylenethane (2) 1-propylethane (3) n-propan^^W-pentane
N a m e D a t e Class
CHAPTER 24 REVIEW ACTIVITY Text Reference: Section 24-1?
Classifying each of the following organic compounds as one of the followlng^: primary alcoh^t, secondary aleohoK tertiary afcohol, aldehyde, ketone, ether, carboxyllc acid, or ester.
1. H H H I I I
H—C—C—C—H H /OH|H
(X C o K o \
f
3.
H H
J
V
3. H 1
H—G-I
H
•0 H H
I 1 -C—C—H
I I H H
3.
4. H
H—C
H
4. a l c o K o
H4-G \
0
H
n H 1 0 II
H ( 1 H—C-1
II -c -
1 ~C—H 1
H H
H-
H H-•I -C
I -C-
I •c-
-H
OH H H—C~H
I H
(X C o k o
H I ,
H—G~4
H
O
H
10.
N a m e
Classify each of the organic compounds below as an alcohol, carboxyllc acid, aldehyde ketone, ether or ester, and dravv/ its structural formula.
1. C H 3 I 9 0 O H ] - O r ' ^ o ^ ^ ^ c c v c l
I 9
2, C H j ^ C H j \rtW)\rML
9 _
6. C H j C H ^ C R c H , c v k o K 6
I . c - c - c -
I I O H
2 - p r o p a * ^ 0 \
3. C H , C H ,pFn a l c o h d i 8. CH3CH2gogr.H3 c S ^ H * ^
4. CH3CHJ0PH3 e-fix K
•I n ,
1
1+ ^
5. CH.CHJ^HO '/ c \ l M ? A y d . i
O
^ c — c - c - W I I
pro pcA.m
F^G -I O N a m e
Name the compounds below.
1.
H ~ C
H G H 1 11 1
C 1
C - - C
1 H H
H
1 0 11
' \ H
1 C -1
C - - 0 r ^ H 1 . H
f \y-\<K^ OCX 4-^
7. OH H H
H - C - C - C - C - H I I t I
H H H H
N a m e
Dravv' the structures of the compounds belovv/,
1. butanoic ac id .
-c -1 e— 0 l-l-
2. rhethonol
e'W:*aJ».«1BJosr ^ aJftala«afl
3. methanol
I
- c
4. iHoutononei
L- i I - c I
5. dieihyl ether
I
c
6. msthylmethanoate (methyl formate)
7. 3-pentanol
I 1 1 1 C C
I n
I
8, methanoic acid (formic acid) I'D ^
\ J ^ _ O W
9. proponal
c
10. 2-pentanone
1 L . „ ( I
I 1 C - C
Ohxrnis^^^:I. Form WSll. 4 . l.A
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Name
Date Period
ethane+bromine -+1-bromoethane + hydrogen bromide
LWll
i
ethene+bromine 1,2 -dilM-omoethane
Hydrocarbons participate in a variety of cliemica] reactions. Some are described below. C o m b u s t i o n , Foss i l fuels such as the gasolme used in automobiles oji' the propane used in gas bai'becues are hydrocarbons. When they burn, they release carbon dioxide and water. (CjHg + SO^ ~* SCOj + WjO) . Of course, when there Is insufficient oxygen, as in an automobile engine, the carbori does not ox id ize completely, and carbon monoxide and water forms. (2CgH,s + IJO^.-^ 16C0. + ISEjO). T h a t Is.why a u t o m o b i h exhaust contains carbon monoxide. | '
Subst i tut ion. Saturated hydrocarbons have all their bonding sites filled with hydrogen. T h e only way to attach any other elements to the carbon chain o f a saturated hydrocarbon is to replace the hydrogen. T h e replacement o f the hydrogen with another element is called substitution. T h e d iagram to the right shows halogen substitution. Addition. When there is a point of unsaturation, it is possible to add elements to the hydrocarbon chain at that point without removing any hydrogens. T h i s is called addition. Unsaturated bonds are more reactive than saturated bonds and allcynes are even more reactive^ than alfcenes, so- additon- o f halogens- occurs- at room-temperature. Addition o f hydrogen to an alkene or an ailcyne (or |ther carbon compounds with double or triple bonds) is called
drogenation. It is the processed used to make margarine from vegetajble oi l . d*mentatlon. Beverage alcohol is formed by yeast. I t forms as a
result o f the enzymatic breakdown o f organic molecules during anaerobic respiration, ft is cal led fermentation. Esterification. Esterification is the formation o f esters (RCOOR). | Esters form fi"om a reaction between an organic acid and an alcohol, i T h e alcohol and acid jo in by dehydration synthesis. T h e reaction looks s imi lar to an acid base neutralization. Esters are responsible for frur; flavorings and aromas o f flowers. T h e y are synth"esTzed as artif icial flavors. L i p i d s (fats and oils) are formed by esterification o f glycerol (1,2,3-propanetriol) by fatty acids (long chain organic acids) Saponification. Saponification is the hydrolysis o f fats by bases. When sodium hydroxide reacts with a fat it produces organic salts called soaps plus glycerol as a byproduct T h e reaction looks much like the reverse of the formation of the fat, except that the fatty acid becomes a soditim salt |>la^CH3(CH,)„COO-].
CgHjzOg 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
hkim iiMlili' • iliiil glucose -»elhanol + carbon dioxide
R O H + R C O O H R C O O R + H^O
Alcohol+Acid -»Ester+Water
Continue
C]mniis-br<^': Form WSll. 4 . lA
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Understanding Organic Reactions
Page 2
Polymerization. Polymerization is the formatioifi of large molecules from repeating units of smaller ones. A polymer is a large molecule formed from many smaller, repeating units or monomkrs. Polymers can form by condensation - joinling monomers by dehydration synthesis. CondensaSion polymers must have at least two functional groups. The process can be repeated to form" long chaiii polymers. Example? include .sriicones, polyesters, (iolyamldes, phenolic plastics, and nylons. Addition polhnerization involves opening up double and triple bonds of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Examples include vinyl polyethylene and polystyrene.
plastics -
Polymerization by condensation
Addition polymerization
Answer the questions below based on the rejading above and on your iaiowledge of chemistry.
1. What forms from the complete combustiori of a hydrocarbon? _
2. A hydrocarbon reacts with fluorine. Under which conditions will substitution occur, and under which conditions
wil l addition occur?.
3. What is butylpentanoate? How does it fonti? ^ ^ ^
4. How is soap made? ^^pc^^lTTf Cc^ -rlOn
5. What is the process of joining many small molecules into larger molecules is called? hat is the process ot joining many small
6, Teflon, a common non-stick cooking surf^e, is a polymer of tetrafluoroethene. Draw a structural formula of tetrafluoroethene. Then show the result of-the reaction using structural fonnulas. What type of polymerization is this?
© Evan P. Silberstein, 2003
Practice Frobiems:
JL) Given the equation:
C6H13O6 . 2C2H5OH + 2C02
The chemic al pro cess illustrate d by this e quation is
A ) esterification C) polymerization
B) saponification ^^^^^^fentientation
2) The reaction CH4 + Btj > CHsBr + HBf is an example of
A ) hydrogenation C) addition B) polymerization ^^^^^^T)substitution
3) The re action CH2CH2 + H2 • CH3CH3 is an example of
A ) fermentation C) substitution ^^^^ddition D) esterification
4) In which re action is s o ap a pro duopL-
A ) polymerization (^C)„..^aponification B) addition D) substitution
5) The pro ducts of the c omplete c ombustion of a hydro c arb on are -water and
A ) carbon C) an aldehyde ^^^^^c arb on dioxide D) an alcohol
6) Which type of reaction do ethane molecules and ethene molecules undergo when they react with chlorine?
A ) Ethane and ethene b oth re act by sub stitution. B) Ethane reacts by addition and eliieae reacts by
substitution. C) Ethane and ethene b oth re act by addition.
>^)iOEthane reacts by substitution and ethene reacts by additian.
7) Given the equation:
C2H6 + CI2 — C2H5CI + HCl
This re action is best described as
A ) sub stitution involving an uns at urate d hydro c arb on B) addition involving a s aturate d hydro c arb on C) additioninvolving animsaturatedhydrocarbon
sub stitution involving a s aturate d hydro c arb on
2) What tjrp e of re action is r epre s ente d by the e quation below?
CH3—CH—CHg-f Brg »-CH3—CH
A ) condensation Bp! polymerization
Br CL substitution
/ ^ / a d d i t i o n
Br
9) Given the incomplete reaction:
O II
G H 3 C H 2 C H 2 C - O H + X — *
O It
C H 3 C H 2 C H 2 C - C C H 2 C H 3 + H2O
Which compound is represented^^
A) CH3OCH2CH3 /^Q\3CH20H
o o H) H D) II
C H 3 C - H CH3CCH3
ItJ) What type of reactionis represented by the equation below?
2CH4 + 302 ^ 2C0 + 4H2O
^ polymerization incomplete combustion
C) feimentation D) addition
11) Which hydro c arb on wiU most likely undergoTaraddition re action with Br2?
A ) H"
H 1
•C-I
H H
•H
1 H
H I
H I
I H
H
H I I
H
H H H
H \
H
H 12) The pro ducts of a fermentation re action ar e c arb on dioxide
and
K\n ester C) an aldehyde an alcohol D) a ketone
uch equation represents an esterification reaction?
^Aj! HCOOH + CH3OH > HCOOCH3 + HOH
B) C3H8+CI2 ^C3H7C1 + HC1
C) C6H12O6 *2C2H50H + 2C02
D) C 5 H 1 0 + H 2 — . C 3 H 1 2
14) A s a sub stitution re action o c curs, the numb er of ele ctr ons shared between adjacent carbon atoms
A) increases decreases
Cj^^ remains the same
15) A n alcohol and an organic acid are combined to form water and a compound with a pleasant odor. This reaction is an example fif
A) polymerisation C) saponification ^"^^"^^^sterification D) fennentation
Id) What type of reaction is used in the production of nylon?
'^^^Ip^lymerization Q) substitution B) esterification D) saponification
17) The pro c e s s of j oining many small mole cule s into larger mole cule s is c alle d ^ ,^
A) neutralization ClQ..-Volynie«zation B) saponification D) substitution
21) Given the re action:
18) Condensation polymerization is b€St described as A) a re duction re action B) a cracking re action C) an oxidation re action
^ ^ ^ ^ a dehydration reaction
19) Which formula c orre ctly repre s ents ttie pro duct of an addition reaction between ethene and chlorine?
C 5 ^ C 2 H 4 C l 2 C) C2H3CI B) CH3CI D) CH2CI2
20) Which type of reaction is represented by the equation
below? /NOTE; X\ rl very large nurr^ers equal to about 2,000.]
n
A ) f e r
\C — c
, / \A) fermentation ^tpfeljrmerization
- c - c -
C) saponification D) esterification
O O il II
CH3O - O H '^ HpCaHg^sssACH3O - 0 - GgHg f HgO
This re action is an example of A) saponification B) hydrogenation C) fermer^tion lp)^stedfication
72) In the space to the n^t of the reactants and arrow below, drawthe sttuctviral formula for the product of the reaction shown.
H H H H I I I 1
H — C — C = = : : C " - C — H -f Bra I I
N H
Questions 23 through 25 refer to the following:
Many artificial flavorings are prepared using the type of organic reaction shown below.
- i - l
6 ^ I
H 0 H H H I I I
'OH -J. H O — C — C — C — H I I I
H H H
H o f If
K H H
} r I H — G — C — O — C — O — C — f l + HGH
A k k k
23) In the box below, draw the structural formula of an isomer of reactant2 inthe ^ e n diagram.
c —
24) What is the name of the organic re action shown?
25) To what laas -of organic -compounds d&es reactant 2 in the given diagram belong?
O r g a n i c C h e m i s t r y
P e r i o d :
Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the information below
The hydrocarbon 2-methylpropane reacts with iodine as represented by the balanced equation below. A t standaid pressure, the boiling point of 2-methylpropane is lower than the boiling point of 2-iodo-2-metliylpropane. T
H I
H ~ C - H
H 1
H
O u O < ^ ^ b ^ H H H
H I - 1
H
H I
•C I
H
H I
I
I
0 0 " H
H I
I H
H - I
2-methylpropane 2-ioclo-2-methylpropane
iVjExpljah the difference i n the boiling points of 2-methylpropane and 2-iodo-2-methylpropane in terms of both molecular polarity and intennolecular forces.
L Explain, in terms o f b o n d i n g s why the hydrocarbon 2-methylpropane is saturated.
3. To which class oforganic,compounds does this organic product belong?
Base your answers to questions 4 through 6 on the information below.
The compound 1,2-ethanediol can be mixed with water. This mixtm'e is added to automobile radiators as an engine coolant. The cooling system of a small van contains 6690 grams of 1,2-ethanediol. Some properties o f water and 1,2-ethanediol are given in the table below.
Properties o f Water and 1,2-ethanedlol
Property Water (H^O)
1,2-ethanedioi (CHgOHCHgOH)
gram-formula mass (g/mol) 18.0 62.0 boiling point at standard pressure ^C) 100.0 197.2
. . . S S ^ , in tgrmp n f m o l e c u l R r polarity w h y 1,2-ethanediol i s s o l u b l e i n water .
2. ' a\c6hol 3raO(=»^
5. Identify d ie class o f organic compounds to wliich 1,2-ethanecE^ belongs.
6. Calculate the total number o f moles o f 1,2-ethanediol in the small van's cooling system. Your response must include both a correct numerical setup and the calculated result.
^ 6 1 ^
Base your answers to questions 7 through 9 on the information below and on your knowledge of chemistry.
There are several isomers o f CsHw. The formulas and boiling points for two of these isomers are given in the table below.
isomer Formula Boiling Point at 1 atm f C)
1
H H H H H H 1 i 1 i i (
H - C - C - C - C - C - C - H t i 1 i i i H H H H H H
687
2
H
H^^T'^H H { 1 i
H-C — C —C—C - H i ( i
}
H
49.7
l(. Explmnjin terms of intennolecular forces, why isomer 2 boils at a lower temperature than isomer 1.
8. Write
yKV^er- 2^ b c t U <A1 C v l o O ^ ^t^^Q, b ( ? C a 0 6 t ^T.
ite the OTipirical formula for isomer 1. ^
1
9. Identify the homologous series to which these isomers belong.
10. Base your answer to the following question on the iofonnation below and on your knowledge of chemistry.
Table sugar, sucrose, is a combination of two simple sugars, glucose and fructose. The formulas below represent these simple sugars.
O i l
H 1 I I
- € 1
~H-C-OtH 1 H
1
- c 1
-OH c = o 1 HO
H
1
1 ~C
1
-H
-OH
H O - C - H \
H - C - O H 1 H - C - O H H
1
- c i
-OH
H O - C - H \
H - C - O H 1 H - C - O H
H 1
- 0 1 H
-OH 1 H - C - O H
\ •
Glucose Fructose
)lain)in terms of atoms and molecular structure, why glucose and fructose are isomers of each
11. A gasoline engine bums gasoline in the presence of excess oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. The main components of gasoline are isomers of octane, A structural formula of oc t^e is shown
I 1 H I ' H H H H H H H H I i I I I I I I
H - C - C - C - C - C ~ C - C - C - H I I I I I I I I
H H H H H H H H
Draw a structural formula for 2,2,4-tFimethylpentane. \
i-r i-r
Base your answers to questions 12 and 13 on the information below.
Ethyl butanoate is an organic compound that contributes to the odor of pmeapple. Ethyl butanoate i ^ . \is one of the products formed by the reaction o f butanoic acid wi th ethanol. CKCX o\c.<y^ y l C n ^ '
. Identify two differences in the structures between a molecule of butanoic acid and a molecule of ethanol. jEoc/i of your responses must include io</i compounds. i ^
13- Identify the.type_Qf.Qrganic_r.eactio.n.that.produces the. compoundthat contributes to theiodor of pineapple. P i
Base your answers to questions 14 and 15 on the information below.
BiodieseU&_anjltsnative^id-fe" that use petroleum diesel. Biodiesel is produced by eacting vegetable oi l w i t i h ^ I s OHj )Methy l palmitate, C 1 5 H 3 1 C O O C H 3 , a compound found in
biodiesel, is made from soybean oi l . One reaction of methyl palmitate with oxygen is represented by the balanced equation below.
2C15H31COOCH3 + 49O2 -> 34C02 + 34H2O + energy
i n terms o f both atoms and molecular structure, why there is no isomer o f C H 3 O H .
•t)o - C ^ a r c
t5 Write the lUPAC name for the compoundthat reacts wi th vegetable oil to produce biodiesel.
> C 3 0IV Kv>e^Kcx^ol
Name: Period: Isomers/Functional Groups
) Butanal and butanone have different chemical and physical propeities primarily because of differences in their
ctional groups B) molecular masses C) molecular formulas D) number of carbon atoms per molecule
2) Which two compounds have the same molecular formula but different chemical and physical properties?
A) C H 3 C H 2 C I and CHsCHiBr
B) C H 3 C H C H 2 and C H 3 C H 2 C H 3
C) C H 3 C H O and C H 3 C O C H 3
C H 3 C H 2 O H and C H 3 O C H 3
3) The two isomers o f butane have different
A) formula masses B) empirical formulas C) molecular formulas
structural formulas
4) Given the formulas for two compounds:
H H H H I i i I
H - C ~ C - 0 ~ C ~ C - H I I I I
H H H H
and
H H H H I I I I
H - C - C - C - C -I I I I
H H H H
•OH
These compounds differ in
A) gram-formula mass B) molecular formula C) percent composition by mass
physical properties at STP
5) Given a formula of a ftmctional group: O il
- C - O H
A n organic compound that has this functional group is classified as
an acid B) an aldehyde
C) an ester D) a ketone
6) The organic compound represented by the condensed structural formula CH3CH2CH2CHO is classified as an
A } alcohol Bnaldehyde
C) ester D) ether
7) Which class of compounds contains at least one element from Group 17 of the Periodic Table?
A ) aldehyde B) amine
C) ester
Base your answers to questions 8 and 9 on the information below.
Gasoline is a mixture composed primarily of hydrocarbons such as isooctane, which is also known as 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.
Gasoline is assigned a number called an octane rating. Gasoline with an octane rating of 87 performs the same as a mixture that consists of 87% isooctane and 13% heptane.
A n alternative fiiel, E-85, can be used in some automobiles. This fiiel is a mixtme of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline.
8) Identify the functional group in a molecule of ethanol in the alternative fuel E-85.
O V \r c x l c o K o \
9) In the space below, draw a structural formula for a molecule of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.
I - r 1 1 I f
Base your answers to questions lOtaid l i o n the infoimation below.
Two hydrocarbons that ai-e isomers of each other are represented by the structural formulas and molecular formulas below.
Hydrocarbon 1
H H H H 1 1 i i
H - C = C - C = C - C - H I I
H H
Hydrocarbon 2
H H H I I I
H - C - C - C ~ C = C - H I I i
H H H
10]Explain, in terms o f structural formulas and molecular formulas, why these hydrocarbons are isomers
4C°^cJ.colour € . - - o l f 5 o( ^ ^ +<;:>=. w/clroc.'fat'O 1 l]ExjMain, in terms o f bonds, why these hydrocarbons are unsaturated, i L /
12) Base your answer to the following question on the information below.
A reaction between bromine and a hydrocarbon is represented by the balanced equation below.
H H 1 I
Bro + H - C = C - C - H
H \
of the home
H H H 1 I I
H - C - C - C - H
Write the name of the homologous series to which the hydrocarbon belongs.
Base your answers to questions 13 through 15 on the information below.
In one industrial organic reaction, CsHe reacts with water in the presence of a catalyst. This reaction is represented by the balanced equation below.. [
d o e r p r o H H H H H
I ! catalyst I I I H - C - C = C ~ H + HpO H - C - C - C - H
I I H H
13) Identify the class of compound to which the product o f the reaction belongs.
14) Write the lUPAC name for the organic reactant.
15) Explain, in terms of bonding, why CsHe is classified as an unsatm'ated hydrocarbon.
Base your answers to questions 16 and 17 on the information below.
Glycine, NH2CH2COOH, is an organic compound found in proteins. Acetamide, CH3CONH2, is an organic compound that is an excellent solvent. Both glycine and acetamide consist o f the same four elements, but the compounds have different functional groups.
16) Draw a structural formula for acetamide. ^ I
17) Identify one functional group in a glycine molecule. *
^ 0 0 1 4
) Base your answer to the following question on the information below.
The fonnula below represents a hydrocaibon.
H I
H ~ C - H H H
I i C - H H - C - C - C
1 I I I H H H H
Explain, in terms of carbon-carbon bonds, why this hydrocarbon is saturated.
Base your answers to questions 19 aud 20 on the information below.
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for vehicles that use petroleum diesel. Biodiesel is produced by reacting vegetable oil with CH3OH. Methyl palmitate, C15H31COOCH3, a compound found in biodiesel, is made from soybean oi l . One reaction of methyl palmitate with oxygen is represented by tlie balanced equation below.
19) Write the lUPAC name for the compound that reacts wi th vegetable oil to. produce biodiesel.
20) Explain, in terms o f both atoms and molecular structure, why there is no isomer o f C H 3 O H .
2C15H31COOCH3 + 49O2 -> 34C02 + 34H2O + energy
