11- Panama Refining Co v Ryan

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EN BANC

[G.R. No. 168056. September 1, 2005.]

ABAKADA GURO PAR! "#S $%ormer&' AAS(AS) O%%#CERS SA*SON S. A"CANARA+- ED #NCEN S. A"BANO, pet/t/oer, . E ONORAB"E E3ECU#ESECREAR! EDUARDO ER*#A4 ONORAB"E SECREAR! O% E DEPAR*ENO% %#NANCE CESAR PUR#S#*A4 +- ONORAB"E CO**#SS#ONER O% #NERNA"REENUE GU#""ER*O PARA!NO, (R., repo-et.

[G.R. No. 16820. September 1, 2005.]

AU#"#NO . P#*ENE", (R., "U#SA P. E(ERC#O7ESRADA, (#NGGO! E. ESRADA,PAN%#"O *. "ACSON, A"%REDO S. "#*, (A*B! A.S. *ADR#GA", AND SERG#O R.OS*EA ###, pet/t/oer, . E3ECU#E SECREAR! EDUARDO R. ER*#A, CESAR .PUR#S#*A, SECREAR! O% %#NANCE, GU#""ER*O ". PARA!NO, (R.,CO**#SS#ONER O% E BUREAU O% #NERNA" REENUE, repo-et.

[G.R. No. 168961. September 1, 2005.]

ASSOC#A#ON O% P#"#P#NAS SE"" DEA"ERS, #NC. repreete- b' /t Pre/-et,

ROSAR#O ANON#O4 PERON DEA"ERS: ASSOC#A#ON repreete- b' /t Pre/-et,RU E. BARB#B#4 ASSOC#A#ON O% CA"E3 DEA"ERS: O% E P#"#PP#NESrepreete- b' /t Pre/-et, *ERCED#AS A. GARC#A4 ROSAR#O ANON#O -o/;b ?SE"" GAE N.DO*#NGO?4 BE@A#DA AN -o/; b?NE "A*UAN SE"" SER#CE SA#ON?4 E%REN SOO -o/; b ?C"ASS#C SAR GASO"#NE SER#CE SA#ON?4 *AR#ANSE#"A A. "EE -o/; b?SARCARGA ENERPR#SES?4 ADORAC#ON *AEBO -o/; b ?"EONA:S GASO"#NE SA#ON +- SER#CE CENER?4CAR*E"#A BA"DONADO -o/; b ?"ORPED SER#CE CENER?4 REA*AR A. RA*OS -o/; b ?#O"AGO7P SER#CE CENER?4 *OOR#SS: EAR

CORPORA#ON repreete- b' /t /e7Pre/-et >or Oper+t/o, (OSE"#O %.%"ORDE"#@A4 *OOR#SS: ARARD CORPORA#ON repreete- b' /t /e7Pre/-et >or Oper+t/o, (OSE"#O %. %"ORDE"#@A4 *OOR#SS: ER#AGECORPORA#ON repreete- b' /t /e7Pre/-et >or Oper+t/o, (OSE"#O %.%"ORDE"#@A4 P#"#PP#NE SANDARD O#" CORPORA#ON repreete- b' /t /e7Pre/-et >or Oper+t/o, (OSE"#O %. %"ORDE"#@A4 RO*EO *ANUE" -o/; b ?RUE SER#CE SA#ON?, pet/t/oer, .CESAR . PUR#S#*A, / =/ +p+/t' + Seret+r' o> t=e Dep+rtmet o> %/+e +-


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GU#""ER*O ". PARA!NO, (R., / =/ +p+/t' + Comm//oer o> #ter+& Ree t=e B #ter+& Ree


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proe-or t=e re+t/o o> +B/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee.

. #D.4 SEPARA#ON O% POERS4 E3PANDED (UR#SD#C#ON O% E SUPRE*ECOUR CANNO APP"! O UES#ONS REGARD#NG ON"! #NERNA" OPERA#ONO% CONGRESS. [O]e o> t=e mot b+/ +- /=eret poHer o> t=e &e;/&+torm /t member. Co;re /

t=e bet I =oH /t =o /t be&/ee t=+t +/- member /o&+te- +' o> /tr proee-/;. Ee t=e eFp+-e- I t=/ Co Co;re, t= o&et/o . Seret+r' o> %/+e, t=e Co>//et &e;/&+t/e +t/o. SED#C

5. #D.4 #D.4 #D.4 *ANDAED O SE"E E D#%%ERENCES BEEEN ED#SAGREE#NG PRO#S#ONS #N E OUSE B#"" AND E SENAE B#"". U-ert=e pro//o o> bot= t=e R t=e o Repreet+t/e +- Se+te Reree Comm/ttee / m+-+te- to ett&e t=e -/>>eree betHee t=e-/+;ree/; pro//o / t=e o


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eFe o> I %/+e,t=e Co ;//; +/- o>ereeomm/ttee +mp&e &+t/tor omprom//; -/>>eree betHee t=e Se+te +- t=eoeree omm/ttee to /& +/- repet/e =oore +/- b/&& /tr+m/tte- to t=e ot=er =oor /t o


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eF& +- / +&&/; H/t=/ /t oH ot/t ep+r+t/o o> poHer / t=e pr//p&eo> o7-e&e;+t/o o> poHer, + eFpree- / t=e "+t/ m+F/m potet+ -e&e;+t+ o-e&e;+r/ potet H=/= me+ ?H=+t =+ bee -e&e;+te-, +ot be -e&e;+te-. =/ -otr/e/ b+e- o t=e et=/+& pr//p&e t=+t =/ oH I t=e Cot/t/er or bo-/e t=e poHer to -eterm/e ert+/ >+t or o-/t/o,or t=e =+ppe/; o> ot/;e/e, o H=/= t=e oper+t/o o> + t+t + eFer/e o>


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oper+t/o -epe-.

16. #D.4 #D.4 #D.4 #D.4 RA#ONA"E. =e r+t/o+&e >or t=/ / t=+t t=e pre&/m/+r'+ert+/met o> >+t + b+/ >or t=e e+tmet o> &e;/&+t/o / ot o> /te&> + &e;/&+t/e>orm t=ro+orm+t/o o t=e p+rt o> t=e &e;/&+tor, +- +' re+o+b&e met=o- o> e+t or /te&> -et+/&e- -eterm/+t/o H=/= /t =+-e&+re- to be prereJ &e;/&+t/e po&/' to p+rt/+t +-/ror Co;re /te&> proper&' to /et/;+te. +S#D

1. #D.4 SAUOR! CONSRUC#ON4 E USE O% E ORD ?SA""? #N ASAUE DENOES AN #*PERA#E OB"#GA#ON AND #S #NCONS#SEN # E#DEA O% D#SCRE#ON. No -/ret/o Ho/e- b' Co;re. =/ / + -+t or o-/t/o b' + pero or bo-' ot=er t=+ t=e &e;/&+t.

1L. PO"##CA" "A4 E3ECU#E DEPAR*EN4 SECREAR! O% %#NANCE AS EA"ER EGO O% E PRES#DEN4 E3P"A#NED. =e oe pe+ o> t=e Seret+r' o>%/+e + t=e +&ter e;o o> t=e Pre/-et, /t /mp&' me+ t=+t + =e+- o> t=e Dep+rtmeto> %/+e =e / t=e +/t+t +- +;et o> t=e C=/e> EFe EFe %/+e, + /e / + +-/or' +p+/t', +-, / t=e &+; =om+ (e>>ero, ?=o t=ePre/-et: boom o>/-ee? +-, / t=e &+; Attore'7Geer+& C


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Seret+r' o> %/+e / ot +t/; + t=e +&ter e;o o> t=e Pre/-et or ee =er t=e &e;/&+t/e -ep+rtmet, to -eterm/e +- -e&+ret=e eet >et. =e Seret+r' o> %/+ebeome t=e me+ or too& b' H=/= &e;/&+t/e po&/' / -eterm/e- +- /mp&emete-,o/-er/; t=+t =e poee +&& t=e >+/&/t/e to ;+t=er -+t+ +- />orm+t/o +- =+ +

m +' o> t=e tHo o-/t/o &+/-o%/+e +- to or t=+t o> t=e &+tter.

21. #D.4 #D.4 CONGRESS D#D NO DEC"ARE E POER O A3 BU E *ERE#*P"E*ENA#ON O% E "A. Co;re /mp&' ;r+te- t=e Seret+r' o> %/+et=e +o/>t= peret $279M5) or t=e +t/o+& ;oermet

-e>//t + + peret+;e o> GDP o> t=e pre/o %/+e, b'&e;/&+t/e m+-+te, mrom Co;re +- t=e t+ o> t=e Pre/-et / to /mp&' eFe


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H=ere oe / pro/-e- >or. ReHr/t/; t=e &+H / + >orb/--e ;roe+r o> + >&


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SUCCEED#NG UARERMS. Pet/t/oer: +r; t=e t+F p+'+b&eo t=e tr++t/o. =/ repreet t=e et A p+'+b&e o> t=e e&&er. =e ot=er 5e>>et/e&' +oor t=e t+-+r- /p


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/p/t or +&or pro>/t. CEA

9. CONS#U#ONA" "A4 B#"" O% R#GS4 EUA" PROEC#ON C"AUSE4 EPOER O% E SAE O *AKE REASONAB"E AND NAURA" C"ASS#%#CA#ON%OR E PURPOSES O% A3A#ON AS "ONG BEEN ESAB"#SED. =e eJor t=e p t+F+t/o =+ &o; bee et+b&/=e-. =et=er/t re&+te to t=e t+F+t/o, t=e /- o> propert', t=e r+te to be &e/e-, or t=e+mo +emet, +&ere H/t=


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t+F b' t=e ;oermet. #t m t=e poHer to &+/>' t+F+t/o, +- o&' -em+-orm/t' H/t=/ t=e p+rt/ /-/ret t+Fe H=/=,&/e t=e A, +re re;re/e. =+t /t /mp&' pro/-e / t=+t Co;re =+&& :eo&e +pro;re/e 'tem o> t+F+t/o.: =e ot/t


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pro;re/e t+F 'tem. Ot=erH/e, +&e t+Fe, H=/= per=+p +re t=e o&-et >orm o>/-/ret t+Fe, Ho Art. ###, Q1 $1) o> t=e1L Cot/trom H=/= t=e preet Art. #, Q28 $1) H+ t+e. S+&e t+Fe +re +&ore;re/e. Reort to /-/ret t+Fe =oor ero r+t/; o> ert+/ tr++t/o $R.A. No. 16, Q,+me-/; Q 102 $b) o> t=e N#RC), H=/&e ;r+t/; eFempt/o to ot=er tr++t/o. $R.A.No. 16, Q9 +me-/; Q10 o> t=e N#RC)

PANGAN#BAN, C.(., ep+r+te op//o

1. PO"##CA" "A4 (UD#C#A" DEPAR*EN4 (UD#C#AR! AS BO E POERAND E DU! O SR#KE DON CONGRESS#ONA" AC#ONS A ARE DONE #NP"A#N CONRAEN#ON O% E CONS#U#ONA" COND##ONS, RESR#C#ONSOR "#*#A#ONS. # >/e, t=e ero&&e- b/&& -otr/e +pp&/e m+/&' to t=e /ter+& ro&&oHe- b' Co;re / /t pr//p+& -e;t=e ;oermet.? Ee t=e poete o> o&et/o, t=e &e+re- *r. (eree betHee t=e Se+te +- t=e oRepreet+t/e er/o o> t=e E7A b/&& / oe /+&&', to >/- oorm/; /t >


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t=e t=ree7re+-/; reJt eH pro//o or ee +rom t=e proper ;oermet bo-/e =+r;e- H/t= t=e/r -eterm/+t/o. =e &+H /omp&ete +- t+-+r- =+e bee >/Fe-. O&' t=e >+t7>/-/; m+t=em+t/+& ompor /t /mp&emet+t/o o (+ t=e >+t


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e/t=er or bot= t=e Pre/-et +- t=e >/+e eret+r'. =+t H+ -e&e;+te- H+ o&' t=epoHer to +ert+/ t=e >+t / or-er to br/; t=e &+H /to oper+t/o. # >+t, t=ere H+ re+&&'o ?-e&e;+t/o? to pe+ o>4 t=ere H+ mere&' + -e&+r+t/o o> + +-m//tr+t/e, ot +&e;/&+t/e, > >/+e. oH t=e + t=e &+tterbe /t +;et *+/; + &+H / -/>>eret >rom /mp&emet/; /t. =/&e t=e >/rt $t=e m+/; o>&+H) m+' be -e&e;+te- /e o> &+Hm+/;. =/ Co >&+H H/t=/ t=e &+tter: /ter+&r


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CORPORAE #NCO*E A3ES CAN BE CONS#DERED AS *##GA#NG *EASURES%OR #NCREAS#NG E A"UE7ADDED A3. Oe, + /ome t+F / + -/ret t+F/mpoe- o +tet/e&' /mpo/; +m+F/m peret t+F o ;ro +&e or ree/+& H/t==o&-/; t+F'tem, t=e +mo /ome t+F t=+t / H/t==e&- b' + H/t==o&-/; +;et / ot/t/+& p+'met o> t=e /ome t+F -rom t=e p+'ee o +/- /ome. =e &/+b/&/t' >ort=e t+F pr/m+r/&' ret or t=e t+F ret /&e + t+F ret>eret. A7re;/tere- pero m+' ot +&H+' be ore/-et >ore/;orpor+t/o t=+t -e&+re +- p+' -//-e-, H=/&e /terorpor+te -//-e- +re ert+/&'ot ;oo- or propert/e >or +&e, b+rter, eF=+;e, &e+e or /mport+t/o. Cert+/&', /p>eret >rom t+F re-/t o -//-e- ree/e- b' ore/-et >ore/;orpor+t/o. CS+#D

16. #D.4 #D.4 #D.4 #E*#@ED DEDUC#ONS %RO* GROSS #NCO*E PARAKE O% ENAURE O% A A3 E3E*P#ON. [#]tem/e- -e-rom ;ro /ome p+rt+e o>t=e +t + t+F eFempt/o. #teret H=/= / +mo;


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+;ree H/t= t=e poe/+ t=+t t=e BCC -/- ot eFee- /t +r+=/e ;r+tee o> e&etr/ t=e o p+7o pro//o / B 555. %+e- H/t= ret+//; or mo-/>'/; t=e o p+7o pro//o+- -eterm//; t=e/r eFtet, or o> -e&et/; t=em +&to;et=er. # opt/; >or -e&et/o to reo&et=e +r/+e, /t H+ mere&' +t/; H/t=/ /t -/ret/o. No ;r+e +b' /t +pp&/+t/o to /e o> /t ot/t t=ere /+bo&> or eFpee- o/+/+& t+temet, +- +re ot roote- / &+H o> +t p='/+& /ee, >or t=ee +re mere&' -ee&ope- +- ot/


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p&e+r', ompre=e/e +- b r+//; reer+' t=e ee+r' eFpee o>;oermet. =e me+ t=+t t=/ &+H emp&o' +re re+o+b&' re&+te- to t=e+omp&/=met o> &e;+& per&//et o&&et/o o> t+Fe. =+teer / eFpete- o> t=eo t=e &+H, or /t H/-om, =o/t m+r;/ r+te o> +r/o


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+r/+b&e t=+t +>>et b ompet/t/o, t=e J t t=eo Repreet+t/e +- t=e Se+te Pre/-et, +- ert/>/e- b' t=e Seret+r/e o>bot= o Co;re, =+&& be o& o> /t -


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o + mere /ter+& r proee-/; o> /t o t=e /rre; Rep.

At No. L oer t=e +me-met /tro-or t=e re+t/o o> + B/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee /H/t=/ t=e prero;+t/e o> e+= o bot= oereeComm/ttee H=e t=e/r oH re+t/o. # + +e, t=/ Co


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t=e poHer o> t=e B/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee to reo/&e or ett&e t=e -/>>eree /t=e tHo o&/t/; pro//o o> t=e b/&&4 b


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A +;+/t t=e o Set/o 110 o> t=e N+t/o+& #ter+& Ree 1LL b' Rep.

At No. L, H=/= /mpoe- t=e 0 +p o /p re-/t/; t=e/p


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ete- r/;=t to t=e


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E AUOR#! O% E SENAE O PROPOSE A*END*ENS O REENUE B#""SNO COERED B! E OUSE B#""S. #t m t=e +>eree betHee t=e tHo =oeree omm/ttee / otb' r%/+e. =ere, t=e Co + o>eree omm/ttee to/& Set/o 29, Art/&e # o> t=e Cot/t t=e Se+te +- t=e BCC re&+t/; toorpor+te /ome, peret+;e, >r+=/e, +- eF/e t+Fe Here -e/;e- to ?o>te t=e/mp+t o> A me+


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"#*#ED O E RE#E O% ?ACUA" CASES AND CONROERS#ES.? =e poHero> Iet t=+t t=e ot/t R.A. No. L +ot = /tHere + ?t=/r- =o Co;re. # > t=e -emor+t/, rep/e m' >+/t= t=+t t=ere o


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#t oeree Comm/ttee+ot oerr/-e t=/ petro&e&/t +ot e+pe t=e =+r+ter/+t/o + + >eree. =ee/m/ oeJ t=e -e&et/o o> t=e ?o p+ o pro//o? o> t=e A o +&e o>petro&e&e +- t=e=/rt&e o> o. =e'tr+;re t=e &/m/t o> t=e B/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee: +or /t -/- ot /Iet +' /-e+ or/tet t=+t / H=o&&' >ore/; to t=e


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. PO"##CA" "A4 "EG#S"A#E DEPAR*EN4 B#CA*ERA" CON%ERENCECO**#EE4 ES O% GER*ANENESS #S OER"! BROAD AND #S E%OUNA#NEAD O% *#SC#E%. =e tet o> ;erm+ee / oer&' bro+- +- / t=e>o m/=/e> >or /t +&&oH t=e B/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee to =+;epro//o / t=e b/&& o> t=e o t=e membero> bot= =o


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pro//o. =e r Co;re =orom t=eCot/t / t=e eFer/e o> t=/ r+/&e- to et p+r+meter/ t=e > t=e omm/ttee +- +&&oHe- t=e &+tter t=e Corom H+t o>ot/teree Comm/ttee ;oe be'o- /t &/m/te- >&/t/; pro//o, /t / t=e Cot/t


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9. #D.4 #D.4 #D.4 #D.4 ?CO*PRO*#S#NG E D#SAGREE#NG PRO#S#ONS? B!SUBS#U#NG # # #S ON ERS#ON C"EAR"! #O"AE E REE7READ#NG REU#RE*EN. =ore + b/&& beome + &+H, /t m oep+r+t/o o> poHer. =e r+t/o+&e o> t=/ -otr/e m+' be tr+e- >rom t=e -emor+t/pr//p&e o> ?o t+F+t/o H/t=o t+F+t/o be/; o per+/e,/t / / t=e bet /teret o> t=e peop&e t=+t


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be eFer/e- b' t=e &o+& &e;/&+t/e bo-/e t=ereo>) or po&/t/+& //et t+-+r- eFpree- b' &+H.

. A3A#ON4 REPUB"#C AC NO. L4 E "EG#S"AURE ABD#CAED #S POEREN # GRANED E PRES#DEN E SANDB! AUOR#! O #NCREASE E

A"UE7ADDED A3 %RO* 10 O 12. R.A. No. L, / ;r+t/; to t=e Pre/-ett=e t+-7b' +/F t+F r+te or A r+te to t=e Pre/-et, /m+;/+t/o + t=/ eor t=e >+t t=+t t=e Pre/-et, be/; +t t=e =e&m o> t=e et/re o>>//+&-om, =+ more t=+eo otro& to br/; +bo


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/re+e- or ot +t +&&. =e >/&&met o> t=e o-/t/o / et/re&' p&+e- / =er =+-. #>=e H/=e to /re+e t=e A r+te, +&& =e =+ to -o / to tr/t&' e>ore t=e Ao&&et/o o + to eFee- t=e 279M5 e/&/;. =e +me =o&- tr//t. S=e H/&& I =e -oe ot H/= to /re+e t=e A r+te, =e m+'-/o + &+H / ot tete- b' H=+t =+ bee -oe b


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Se+te B/&& No. 1L50, + t+F me+ t=e Cot/tereeComm/ttee +- t=e +me-met /t /tro->et/e&' -/m+t&e-?t=e ?t=ree7re+-/; reree omm/tteereport ope t=e po/b/&/t' o> +me-met, H=/= +re e/t=er =o


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5. #D.4 #D.4 #D.4 RA#%#CA#ON B! CONGRESS D#D NO CURE EUNCONS#U#ONA" AC EREO% O% DE"E#NG E ?NO PASS ON PRO#S#ON.? =+t bot= t=e Se+te +- t=e o Repreet+t/e +pproe- t=e B/+mer+&Co>eree Comm/ttee Report H=/= -e&ete- t=e ?o p+ o pro//o? -/- ot t=e p+r+meter o> t=e b/+mer+& o>eree omm/ttee: &/m/te-poHer b t=e Cot/t>ete- ommo-/t/e, pe/+&&' o/& +-e&etr//t'. %or t=e oet o> t=e &+H &+t (&et/; t=e et /remet+& e>>et o>t=e t+F, H=/= / ot ee+r/&' 10, b


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m/t/;+t/; me+ore, eet/+& +- =ope>et o>+>>/rm/; Set/o 8 o> t=e &+H, H=/= +me- Set/o 110 o> t=e N+t/o+& #ter+& Reeet o> + &+H m+' be-e&e;+te- b' Co;re, +- t=+t t=e -et+/& + to t=e e>oremet +- +-m//tr+t/o o> +eFer/e o> t+F/; poHer m+' be -e&e;+te- to eFe+t o H=/= /t oper+t/o -epe-.

9. A3A#ON4 REPUB"#C AC NO. L4 ERE #S C"EAR"! NO DE"EGA#ON O%E "EG#S"A#E POER O A3 B! CONGRESS O E E3ECU#E BRANCS#NCE E PRES#DEN #S NO G#EN AN! D#SCRE#ON #N RE%US#NG O RA#SEE A"UE7ADDED A3 O 12. At >/rt b& t=e pro/o ree+& t=+t t=/ / ot eF+t&' t=e oper+t/e e>>et o> t=e &+H.=e J/er ?=+&&? -eote + m+-+tor', r+t=er t=+ -/ret/o+r' >t=e Pre/-et to r+/e t=e r+te o> A to 12 +' o> t=e tHo &/te-o-/t/o. S/e t=e Pre/-et / ot ;/e +' -/ret/o / re>


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;/e /t ore t=e oeree Comm/ttee.#-ee-, Set/o 26 +- 2 o> Art/&e #, H=/= -et+/& t=e proe-


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Io/t oeree Comm/ttee, / e+& /t pro//o pert+/ to t=e A, or /-/ret t+Fe, -oe ot me+t=+t +' +- +&& +me-met H=/= +re /tro- t=e &+H, H=/= H+ ot ot+/e- / e/t=er t=e

o


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CORREC#E RE"#E% %RO* E B#CA*ERA" CON%ERENCE CO**#EE. *oreoer, t=e >+t t=+t t=e +t t=e ?o p+ o? pro//o +-opte- b' t=e orom t=eB/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee. =e Comm/ttee o/ t=e ?o

p+ o? pro//o eF/te- + + t+;/b&e o&


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/teret.? #t / m' &/>e, &/bert' or propert'H/t=o t=e poHer o> t=e ;oermet, romo>/+t/o b' &e;/&+t/e e+tmet, >rom e/or>e/tor pero ++/&/; t=e ot/t t=ere / +


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&o; repo-e- to tr/e -oH propet/e +t/o, ee /> t=e /I/+t &e;+& pr//p&e o> t=e &+t et/e o> >ree-om o> eFpre/o to t=e re+&m o> >ree-om o>re&/;/o, + ote- b' (+e o> p+tet&' I t=e &+H, +-Mor t=e me+ b' H=/= b oort / t=e +b/&/t' o> t=e &e;/&+tee +;+/t


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22. A3A#ON4 NA#ONA" #NERNA" REENUE CODE $N#RC)4 A"UE7ADDED A3$A)4 E"UC#DAED. A / -/t/;rom t=e t+-+r- eF/e or peret+;et+Fe / t=+t /t / /mpo+b&e ot o&' o t=e >/+& tr++t/o /o&/; t=e e- tr+>er betHee t=e >+rmer H=o =+ret t=e rop+- t=e pero H=o e+t t=e rop. #-ee-, >rom t=e eFtr+t/o or pro- t=e r+Hm+ter/+& to /t >/+& o +& + ;eer+& t+F o o t=e A t=+t o m+tter =oH m+' t=e t+F+b&e tr++t/o t=+t pree-e t=e >/+& pte- or p+e- o to t=e b


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A7re;/tere- pero o t=e /mport+t/o o> ;oo- or &o+& p ;oo- +- er/e/ t=e o tr+-e or brom + A re;/tere- pero.

26. #D.4 #D.4 #D.4 A""OS %OR A *ECAN#S* B! #C E BUS#NESS #S AB"E ORECOER E #NPU A"UE7ADDED A3 A # PA#D. S/e A / + >/+& t+F t=+t/


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reoere- Ho+t t=+tt=e 0 +p, oppre/e + /t +&re+-' / to t=e b t=e brom t=e E7A "+H, /t H/&& t/&& ;o -oH / >&+me.2. #D.4 #D.4 E 0 CAP DOES NO #NCREASE E GOERN*EN:S REENUE.

A- H=+t &e;/t/m+te, ;erm+e p


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to //t/; /t' re&+t/e. =e /&& He+&t= / =+r-&' + &e;/t/m+te t+te p t=e o b


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to +--/; +&ore t=e' + -o o. Aot=er =or


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RANSAC#NG # E GOERN*EN O SOU"DER E OUPU A"UE7ADDED A3. =e pr//p&e t=+t t=e Goermet +- /t or t=e p ;oo-, +- 6 o> t=e ;ro ree/pt >or er/e. oHeer, t=e N#RC=+- +&o pro/-e- t=+t t=/ t+F H/t==e&- Hot=/ re-/t +pp+r+t>et/e&' ompe& t=e pr/+te eterpr/e tr++t/; H/t= t=e;oermet to =o/+& e-orH+r- t+F o b>et o t=eeterpr/e -o/; borb/--e / o/+& t+F H/t==e&- +- t=e ;eer+& orpor+te /ome t+F +re bot= p+/- >or t=e

bee>/t o> t=e +t/o+& ;oermet, +- >or t=e +me //-ee o> t+F+t/o, t=e +&eM&e+eo> ;oo- +- er/e to t=e ;oermet. CDEA

92. #D.4 #D.4 #D.4 E%%EC#E"! D#SCOURAGES PR#AE ENERPR#SES O DOBUS#NESS # E SAE. =/ /mpo/t/o Ho>et o&' t=oe pero or et+b&/=met t=+t =ooe to -ob+t t=+t t=e ;oermet+- /t et/e&' -/o


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t+F+t/o, b H+r7mo;er/; mo+r= +- tot+&/t+r/+ t+te +- =o+/r =+re o> t=e +t/o: He+&t=.

D E C I S I O N

AUSR#A7*AR#NE@, ( p

=e eFpee o> ;oermet, =+/; >or t=e/r obIet t=e /teret o> +&&, =oor t=e /+&/-/t' o> t=e &+H. ee,R.A. No. L / ot or /mme-/+te e+tmet. O (+


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O t=e +me -+te, Apr/& 1, 2005, t=e Se+te +;ree- to t=e reJ t=e oRepreet+t/e >or + omm/ttee o>eree o t=e -/+;ree/; pro//o o> t=e propoe-b/&&.

Be>ore &o;, t=e Co>eree Comm/ttee o t=e D/+;ree/; Pro//o o> oeree,? reomme-e- t=e +ppro+& o> /t report, H=/= t=e Se+te -/- o

*+' 10, 2005, +- H/t= t=e o Repreet+t/e +;ree/; t=ereto t=e eFt -+', *+'11, 2005.

O *+' 2, 2005, t=e ero&&e- op' o> t=e oo&/-+te- o>et//t' -+te o> R.A. No. L. 5 =e +/- -+te +me, t=e Co


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A!. BAN#UED

!e, !o >+t + p+rt o> t=e m/t/;+t/; me+ 'o< o/-er t=e eF/e t+F +- t=e /mport ->eret /->eret pro->eret er/e +re =/t-/>>eret&'. So /t: ot orret to +' t=+t +&& pr/e m t=e p+rt/e, t=eo> t=e E7+t. O +&&t=ee +- He H/= t=e ;oermet H/&& t+e t/me to &+r/>' +&& t=ee b' me+ o> + more-et+/&e- /mp&emet/; r


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G.R. No. 168056

Be>ore R.A. No. L too e>>et, pet/t/oer ABAKADA GURO P+rt' "/t, et +&., >/&e- +pet/t/o >or pro=/b/t/o o *+' 2, 2005. =e' J t=e N+t/o+ter+& Ree ;oo- +-propert/e, Set/o 5 /mpoe + 10 A o /mport+t/o o> ;oo-, +- Set/o 6 /mpoe

+ 10 A o +&e o> er/e +- propert/e. =ee Jter +' o> t=e>o&&oH/; o-/t/o =+e bee +t/>/e-, to H/t

. . . =+t t=e Pre/-et, t=e Seret+r' o> %/+e, =+&&,e>>et/e (+ t=e >o&&oH/; o-/t/o =+ bee +t/>/e-

$/) +& Gro Domet/ Pro- t=epre/o peret $1 1M2).Pet/t/oer +r; t=etHo o-/t/o be/; +t/>/e- /o&+te t=e -or pro=/b/t/o H+ >/&e- o (


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2) Set/o 8, +me-/; Set/o 110 $B) o> t=e N#RC, /mpo/; + 0 &/m/t o t=e +mo /p ;oo- +- er/e, H=/= +re er/e +- propert/e) o> t=e N#RC.Pet/t/oer ote- t=+t t=ee pro//o +re e,&/bert' or propert' H/t=o/t or +& t=ere / o pro>/t or +&or ert/or+r/ o ( R.A. No. L o t=e >o&&oH/; ;ro R.A. No. L ot/t t=e Cot/teree Comm/ttee +te- H/t=o t=e t+Fe t=e' o&&et, t=


50/195

ree+/&e- to +t -o o&et/o . Seret+r' o> %/+e, 25 SCRA 60 $1LL9),repo-et +r; t=e tHo o-/t/o pro/-e- t=ere/ +r/e.

Repo-et +&o re>et t=+t R.A. No. L / t=e +=or o> t=e ;oermet: >/+&re>orm +;e-+. A re>orm / t=e +&or eoom/ ;roHt=.

#SSUES

=e Co/e- t=e /o&&oH

PROCEDURA" #SSUE=et=er R.A. No. L /o&+te t=e >o&&oH/; pro//o o> t=e Cot/t R.A. No. L, +me-/; Set/o 106, 10 +- 108 o>t=e N#RC, /o&+te t=e >o&&oH/; pro//o o> t=e Cot/t R.A. No. L, +me-/; Set/o 110$A)$2) +- 110$B) o> t=eN#RC4 +- Set/o 12 o> R.A. No. L, +me-/; Set/o 119$C) o> t=e N#RC, /o&+te t=e>o&&oH/; pro//o o> t=e Cot/t


51/195

A + pre&+&& o t=e /mme-/+teborm At.

=e Co


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Pet/t/oer oH beee= t=e Co/e t=e poHer o> t=e B/+mer+& Co>ereeComm/ttee.

#t =o /ter+& re;or, + t=e =+;e / or +me-met to t=e eree =+&& be ett&e- b' +o>eree omm/ttee o> bot= o t=e =+;e /, or +me-met to t=e e+= o t=e o>eree omm/ttee=+&& be +tt+=e- to t=e report.

FFF FFF FFF

=e re+t/o o> eree omm/ttee H+ +pp+ret&' / repoe to + prob&em, ot+--ree- b' +' ot/t/-t=eme&e / -/+;reemet oer =+;e or +me-met /tro-


53/195

t=e Co =oH Co;re omp&/e H/t= /t /ter+& r b/+mer+& o>ereeomm/ttee, t=e &+ o> reor- o> +/- omm/ttee: proee-/;, t=e +&&e;e- /o&+t/o o>+/- omm/ttee o> t=e r bot= =o oe o>t=e pro//o / t=e omprom/e b/&& t=e o/+t/o o> t=e Seret+r/e o> bot= o Co;re t=+t /tH+ p+e- +re o& /t - +e ree+& t=e Co t=ee/ter+& r Co;re, H=et=er o eFpre/o, +&& -e' to t=e o


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omm/ttee /> /t be&/ee t=+t +/- member /o&+te- +' o> /t r proee-/;. Eet=e eFp+-e- I t=/ Co Co;re, t= o&et/o .Seret+r' o> %/+e, 2 t=e Co>//et&e;/&+t/e +t/o.

Neert=e&e, Ieree omm/ttee be+ t=e pro//o o> oor 12 A Pro/-e >or 12 A Pro/-e >or + /;&e

o eer' +&e o> ;oo- / ;eer+& o +&e o> r+te o> 10 A o +&e

or propert/e $+me-/;;oo- or propert/e +- o> ;oo- or propert/e

Se. 106 o> N#RC)4 12 re-or +&e o> $+me-/; Se. 106 o>

A o /mport+t/o o> ert+/ &o+&&' N#RC), 10 A o

;oo- $+me-/; Se. m++t er/e /& N#RC)4 +- 12 petro&e er/e r+H m+ter/+& to be -/tr/b N#RC) N#RC)4 12 A o+-

/mport+t/o o> ;oo- +- propert/e $+me-/;

re-or ert+/ Se. 108 o> N#RC)/mporte- pro-


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propert/e +- + re-or ert+/ er/e

/& N#RC)

/t= re;+r- to t=e ?o p+7o? pro//o

No /m/&+r pro//o Pro/-e t=+t t=e A Pro/-e t=+t t=e A

/mpoe- o poHer /mpoe- o +&e o>

;eer+t/o +- o t=e e&etr//t' b' ;eer+t/o

+&e o> petro&e

pro- >r+=/e

ot be p+e- o to;r+tee o> e&etr/

o


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;oo- +- er/e4 +-

>or pero e;+;e- /

ret+/& tr+-/; o> ;oo-,

t=e +&&oH+b&e /p t=e tot+& +mo ;oo- por +me-met

to eer+& N#RC

pro//o re;+r-/;

orpor+te /ome,

peret+;e, >r+=/e +-

eF/e t+Fe

=e -/+;reemet betHee t=e pro//o / t=e o A / to be /mpoe-4 $2) H=et=er o&' t=e A /mpoe- oe&etr//t' ;eer+t/o, tr+m//o +- -/tr/bo&&oH/; =+;e

1. /t= re;+r- to t=e -/+;reemet o t=e r+te o> A to be /mpoe-, /t Horom t=e Co>eree Comm/ttee Report t=+t t=e B/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee tr/e- tobr/-;e t=e ;+p / t=e -/>>eree betHee t=e 10 A r+te propoe- b' t=e Se+te, +-t=e +r/o//t + + peret+;e o>GDP o> t=e pre/o %/+e =+&& r+/e t=e r+te o> A to 12 e>>et/e (+


57/195

-/tr/b petro&erom /t Report +' o p+7o pro//o.

. /t= re;+r- to t=e -/+;reemet o H=et=er /p t=e o +J/>t'7/e $5L) t=e+;;re;+te +Jor t=e et/m+te- e o>t=e +p/t+& ;oo- / &e t=+ >/e $5) 'e+r, + or -epre/+t/o peree Comm/ttee o-/+;ree/; pro//o Here me+t o&' to reo/&e +- =+rmo/e t=e -/+;ree/;pro//o >or /t -/- ot /Iet +' /-e+ or /tet t=+t / H=o&&' >ore/; to t=e 10 AH+te- b' t=e Se+te / ret+/e- eree / t=e r+te o> A propoe- b' t=e tHo =o Co;re. Neert=e&e,


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t=e proee-/; o>t=e B/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee =e&- o *+' 10, 2005, Se. R+&p= Reto, C=+/rm+o> t=e Se+te P+e&, eFp&+/e- t=e re+o >or -e&et/; t=e o p+7o pro//o / t=/H/e

. . . t=e t=//; H+ Iet+t/o t=+t t=e o p+7o pro//o ?eerre+&&' eIo'e- t=e e/t=er oeree Comm/ttee Here;erm+e to t=e pro//o re>erre- to /t >or reo/&/+t/o. Seree Comm/ttee. # t=e e+r&/er +e o>P=/&/pp/e (o oe or tHo pro//o, t=ere / o re+o H=' /t+ot propoe eer+& pro//o, o&&et/e&' o/-ere- + + ?+me-met / t=e +t + /+& b bot= =oCo;re to beome +&/- + + +t o> t=e &e;/&+t/e -ep+rtmet. =e =+r;e t=+t / t=/+e t=e Co>eree Comm/ttee +te- + + t=/r- &e;/&+t/e =+mber / t=


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B. R.A. No. L Doe Not /o&+te Art/&e #, Set/o 26$2) o> t=e Cot/t/+& >orm =+e bee -/tr/b /t /mme-/+te e+tmet to meet + p + b/&&, o +me-met t=ereto =+&& be +&&oHe-, +- t=e ote t=ereo =+&& bet+e /mme-/+te&' t=ere+>ter, +- t=e 'e+ +- +' etere- / t=e (o>et + /r t=e ?o +me-met r t=e 1L8 Cot/t+/& to o/e t=e Corom /t r/+t/o o> t=e omprom/e b/&&. . . .Art. #. Q 26 $2) more, be otrerr/; o&' to b/&& /tro-or t=e>/rt t/me / e/t=er =o Co;re, ot to t=e o>eree omm/ttee report. 2$Emp=+/ +/- repet/e=oore +/- b/&& / tr+m/tte- to t=e ot=er =oor /t o


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11 Peret+;e +F o -omet/ +rr/er +-

eeper o> G+r+;e

11L +F o >r+=/e

121+F o b+ +- No7B+ %/+/+&

#terme-/+r/e

198EF/e +F o m++t t+F be/; +me-e- / t=e o


61/195

H=+t / /mport+t to ote / t=+t, + + re t=e Se+te +t/o, + -/t/t b/&& m+' bepro- o o/+&'tem.


62/195

# or-er to o/-er+b&' &oHer t=e oo&/-+te- p//t +- eetore, t=e m+/ p t=e b/&& em++t/; >rom t=e o

Repreet+t/e / to br/; / /e+b&e reeor t=e ;oermet to t=e A me+ore prer/be / + borm o> t=e /re+e / t=e orpor+te /ome t+F >rom 2to 5 peret, b 2 peret, b>et >or 1,200 -+', H=/&e He p


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pee=, Se. Reto +/-

oHeer, >or poHer p&+t t=+t r + A o t=/ pro- petro&e t+F +-m//tr+t/o H=/=+re ee+r' >or t=e /mp&emet+t/o o> t=e =+;e / t=e A 'tem.

o re/ter+te, t=e et/o /tro-/+& -e>//t, +mo;ot=er. = R.A. No. L, +me-/; Set/o 106, 10 +- 108 o> t=eN#RC, /o&+te t=e >o&&oH/; pro//o o> t=e Cot/to&&oH

SEC. 106. +& Goo- or Propert/e. $A) R+te +- B+e o> +F. =ere =+&& be &e/e-, +ee- +- o&&ete- o eer' +&e,b+rter or eF=+;e o> ;oo- or propert/e, + +&eror pro/-e-, t=+t t=ePre/-et, t=e Seret+r' o> %/+e, =+&&, e>>et/e (+ t=e>o&&oH/; o-/t/o =+ bee +t/>/e-.


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$/) +& Gro Domet/ Pro- t=epre/o peret $1 1M2).

SEC. 5. Set/o 10 o> t=e +me Co-e, + +me-e-, / =ereb' >o&&oH

SEC. 10. +& Goo-.

$A) # Geer+&. =ere =+&& be &e/e-, +ee- +- o&&ete- o eer' /mport+t/o o>;oo- + +& +&ter +' o> t=e >o&&oH/;

o-/t/o =+ bee +t/>/e-. E#+D$/) +& Gro Domet/ Pro- t=epre/o peret $1 1M2).

SEC. 6. Set/o 108 o> t=e +me Co-e, + +me-e-, / =ereb' >o&&oH

SEC. 108. +& Ser/e +- Ue or "e+e o> Propert/e

$A) R+te +- B+e o> +F. =ere =+&& be &e/e-, +ee- +- o&&ete-, + +&rom t=e +&e or eF=+;e o>er/e pro/-e-, t=+t t=e Pre/-et, t=e Seret+r' o>%/+e, =+&&, e>>et/e (+ t=e >o&&oH/; o-/t/o =+ bee +t/>/e-.

$/) +& Gro Domet/ Pro- t=epre/o peret $1 1M2). $Emp=+/ t=e t+-7b' + /t eF& er/e, H=/= +ot be /&


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t=e p t+r/>> er to %/+e,b' m+-+t/; t=e >/F/; o> t=e t+F r+te b' t=e Pre/-et t=eSeret+r' o> %/+e. #ECA

Pet/t/oer P/mete&, et +&. +er t=+t t=e Pre/-et =+ +mp&e poHer to +& %/+e, +

%/+e + e+/&' be br -/o o7-e&e;+t/o o> poHer / /tr ep+r+t/o o> poHer or-+/ t=+t e+= o> t=e t=ree ;re+t br+=e o>

;oermet =+ eF& +- / +&&/; H/t=/ /t oHot/t ep+r+t/o o>poHer / t=e pr//p&e o> o7-e&e;+t/o o> poHer, + eFpree- / t=e "+t/ m+F/mpotet+ -e&e;+t+ o -e&e;+r/ potet H=/= me+ ?H=+t =+ bee -e&e;+te-, +ot be-e&e;+te-.? 8 =/ -otr/e / b+e- o t=e et=/+& pr//p&e t=+t =/ oH I t=e P=/&/pp/e H=/= =+&& o/t o> +Se+te +- + o Repreet+t/e.? =e poHer H=/= Co;re / pro=/b/te- >rom-e&e;+t/; +re t=oe H=/= +re tr/t&', or /=eret&' +- eF& /t e+tmet. 90 =


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>o&&oH/; reo;/e- &/m/t+t/o or eFept/o

$1) De&e;+t/o o> t+r/>> poHer to t=e Pre/-et Art/&e # o> t=eCot/t emer;e' poHer to t=e Pre/-et Art/&e # o>t=e Cot/t t=e &+H $+) / omp&ete / /te&>, ett/; >ort= t=ere/ t=e po&/' to beeFeorm+e o> =/ >//et t+-+r- / oe H=/= -e>/e&e;/&+t/e po&/', m+r /t &/m/t, m+p o &e;/&+t/e +/- ret+temet/ Pro>. /&&o


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&+; -e&+r+t/o o> &e;/&+t/e poHer to +-m//tr+t/e +;e/e =epr//p&e H=/= perm/t t=e &e;/&+t>//e' o> + At + + -e&+r+t/o o> &e;/&+t/e H/&&m orom Co;re, b t=e ot/;e' >et m+' be &e>t to >et > t=e me+ poHer to m+e t=e&+H H=/= ee+r/&' /o&e + -/ret/o + to H=+t /t =+&& be, H=/= ot/t +t to t=em, /& >+t o H=/= /t oper+t/o -epe-. 50

=e r+t/o+&e >or t=/ / t=+t t=e pre&/m/+r' +ert+/met o> >+t + b+/ >or t=e

e+tmet o> &e;/&+t/o / ot o> /te&> + &e;/&+t/e >orm t=ro +orm+t/o o t=e p+rt o> t=e&e;/&+tor, +- +' re+o+b&e met=o- o> e+t or /te&> -et+/&e- -eterm/+t/o H=/= /t =+ -e&+re- to be prereJ


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+pp&/+t/o o> &e;/&+t/e po&/' to p+rt/+t +- /rorCo;re /te&> proper&' to /et/;+te. 52

# t=e preet +e, t=e =+&&e;e- et/o o> R.A. No. L / t=e ommo pro/o /Set/o 9, 5 +- 6 H=/= re+- + >o&&oH

=+t t=e Pre/-et, t=e Seret+r' o> %/+e, =+&&, e>>et/e(+ t=e>o&&oH/; o-/t/o =+ bee +t/>/e-


=e +e be>ore t=e Co &e;/&+t/e poHer. #t / /mp&' + -e&e;+t/oo> +ert+/met o> >+t oremet +- +-m//tr+t/o o> t=e /re+e r+te>et/e (+ -/ret/o /t=e >+t t=+t t=e Hor- =+&& / +t or o-/t/o b' + pero or bo-' ot=er t=+ t=e&e;/&+t.

=e Co/- o mer/t to t=e otet/o o> pet/t/oer ABAKADA GURO P+rt' "/t, et +&.t=+t t=e &+H e>>et/e&' /e- t=e Pre/-et: poHer o> otro& oer t=e Seret+r' o>%/+e b' m+-+t/; t=e >/F/; o> t=e t+F r+te b' t=e Pre/-et t=e Seret+r' o> %/+e. =e Co %/+e.? Ne/t=er -oe t=e Co/-per %/+e + t=e +&ter e;o o> t=e Pre/-et, /t /mp&'me+ t=+t + =e+- o> t=e Dep+rtmet o> %/+e =e / t=e +/t+t +- +;et o> t=eC=/e> EFe


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prom t=e tHo o-/t/o, t=e Seret+r' o> %/+e / ot +t/; + t=e +&ter e;o o> t=ePre/-et or ee =er t=e &e;/&+t/e-ep+rtmet, to -eterm/e +- -e&+re t=e eet >et. 56 =e Seret+r' o> %/+e beome t=e me+ or too& b' H=/= &e;/&+t/e po&/'/ -eterm/e- +- /mp&emete-, o/-er/; t=+t =e poee +&& t=e >+/&/t/e to ;+t=er-+t+ +- />orm+t/o +- =+ + m+' o> t=e tHo o-/t/o &+/- o %/+e +- to or t=+t o> t=e &+tter.D#E

Co;re /mp&' ;r+te- t=e Seret+r' o> %/+e t=e +o/>t= peret $2 9M5) or t=e +t/o+& ;oermet -e>//t + + peret+;e o> GDP o> t=epre/o %/+e, b' &e;/&+t/e m+-+te, m repromCo;re +- t=e t+ o> t=e Pre/-et / to /mp&' eFe


70/195

Pet/t/oer P/mete&, et +&. +r; t=e tHoo-/t/o et >ort= t=ere/ +re +t/>/e-, t=e Pre/-et =+&& /re+e t=e A r+te to 12.=e pro//o o> t=e &+H +re &e+r. #t -oe ot pro/-e >or + ret, +>ter t=e r+te / /re+e- to 12, t=e Ao&&et/o ;oe be&oH t=e 2 9M5 o> t=e GDP o> t=e pre/oore, o t+tor + ret t=e GDP o> t=e pre/o GDP o>t=e pre/oor /re+/; A r+te to 12 =+e eoom/ or >/+& me+/;. #>AMGDP / &e t=+ 2.8, /t me+ t=+t ;oermet =+ He+ or o +p+b/&/t' o>/mp&emet/; t=e A or t=+t A / ot e>>et/e / t=e > t=e t+F o&&et/o.=ere>ore, t=ere / o +&or /re+/; A H=e -e>//tMGDP / 1.5 or &e me+ t=e >/+&o-/t/o o> ;oermet =+ re+=e- + re&+t/e&' o + b+&+e- bore, t=ere / o ee- to /re+e t=e A r+te /et=e >/+& =o t=e r+t/o / more t=+1.5, t=ere / /-ee- + ee- to /re+e t=e A r+te. 62

=+t t=e >/rt o-/t/o +mo


71/195

-/t+te- t=e ee- >or + r+/e / ree >/+& +-eJ +F+t/o $16), +

#. Eer' t+F oree+t / t=+t orom t=+t /ter+t/o+& >/+/+& m+ret. OeH mot=, He =+e ee + /=/; +t, + r+p/- /re+e / t=e /teret r+te / t=e &e+-/; eoom/e o> t=e Hor&-. A-,t=ere>ore, orot7e- +-I


72/195

=e /m+;e portr+'e- / =/&&/;. Co;re p+e- t=e &+H =op/; >or rerom +/e/t+b&e +t+trop=e. =et=er t=e &+H / /-ee- >//et to +Her t=e t+te: eoom/-/&emm+ / ot >or t=e Co/+tor'. =e/r +r;e, &/bert' o> propert' H/t=ot=e Cot/t t=e N#RC /mpoe + &/m/t+t/o ot=e +mo /p t=eo


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brom + A7re;/tere- pero, +- O


74/195

pero + re-/t =/ /por t=e peroMt+Fp+'er to +pp&' or re-/t t=ee /p /;&e7t+;e t+F+t/o, t+Fe p+/- +t eer' &ee& o> -/tr/brom t=e t+Fe p+'+b&e, +&t=o t=e ot, H=/= /-e-rom t=e ;ro ree


75/195

#t / Hort= met/o/; t=+t Co;re +-m/tte- t=+t t=e pre+-7o t=e re-/t+b&e /pore/; /etor =+e ot=er t+F/et/e pro/-e- b' &+H, +- /t/; t=e +e o> C=/+, H=ere -ep/te + 1.5 o7

re-/t+b&e A, >ore/; /etmet Here ot -eterre-. 8 A;+/, >or H=+teer / t=ep t=e 607mot= +mort/+t/o, t=/ /o&e eFe +& +& t=e;ro p+'met t=ereo> Pro/-e-, =+t t=e p+'met >or &e+e or propert/e orpropert' r/;=t to ore/-et oHer =+&& be p+'met. %or p t=/ Set/o, t=e p+'or or pero / otro& o> t=ep+'met =+&& be o/-ere- + t=e H/t==o&-/; +;et.

=e +& o&&et/o, or + t+te- b' repo-et, +more /mp&/>/e- A H/t==o&-/; 'tem. =e ;oermet / t=/ +e / ot/tor p ;oo-4 6 o ;ro p+'met >orer/e >eret r+te, eFept >or t=e 10 o &e+e or propert' r/;=tp+'met to ore/-et, Here -e&ete-, +- + orm r+te o> 5 / +pp&/e-.

=e Co/e peret $5).?

# Ree1LL), t=e oept o> >/+& H/t==o&-/; t+F o /ome H+ eFp&+/e-, to H/t

SEC#ON 2.5. /t==o&-/; o> +F +t So/+& H/t==o&-/; t+F 'tem t=e +mo /omet+F H/t==e&- b' t=e H/t==o&-/; +;et / ot/t/+& p+'met o> t=e /omet+F -rom t=e p+'ee o t=e +/- /ome. =e &/+b/&/t' >or p+'met o> t=e t+F retpr/m+r/&' o t=e p+'or + + H/t==o&-/; +;et. = =/ >+/&


76/195

or / +e o> //e' t+F =+&& be o&&ete- >rom t=ep+'orMH/t==o&-/; +;et. . . .

$B) Cre-/t+b&e /t==o&-/; +F. U-er t=e re-/t+b&e H/t==o&-/; t+F 'tem, t+FeH/t==e&- o ert+/ /ome p+'met +re /te-e- to eJ t=e t+F p+'+b&e o t=etr++t/o. =/ repreet t=e et A p+'+b&e o> t=e e&&er. =e ot=er 5 e>>et/e&'+oor t=e t+-+r- /p +& Cre-/t+b&e +&rom e&&er +- er/e re-ere- b' otr+tor H=/= +re or &e+e or propert/e or propert' r/;=t toore/-et oHer =+&& be p+'met. %or t=/ p


77/195

Pet/t/oer +&o +r; o/+t/o / t=e t+F+t/o, t=e /- o> propert', t=e r+te to be &e/e- or t=e+mo +emet, +&>eret oeJ t=e &+H m+' '/e&- +r'/; e- re/t m+r;/+- +&


78/195

pro;re/e 'tem o> t+F+t/o.

U/>orm/t' / t+F+t/o me+ t=+t +&& t+F+b&e +rt/&e or /- o> propert' o> t=e +me &+=+&& be t+Fe- +t t=e +me r+te. D/>>eret +rt/&e m+' be t+Fe- +t -/>>eret +mo t=e N#RC, pro/-e >or + r+te o> 10 $or 12) o +&e o> ;oo- +-propert/e, /mport+t/o o> ;oo-, +- +&e o> er/e +- propert/e. =ee+me et/o +&o pro/-e >or + 0 r+te o ert+/ +&e +- tr++t/o.

Ne/t=er -oe t=e &+H m+e +' -/t/t/o + to t=e t'pe o> /- /p/+& H/t==o&-/; t+F b' t=e ;oermet. #t m t=e poHer to&+/>' t+F+t/o, +- o&' -em+- orm/t' H/t=/ t=e p+rt/ ;oo- or er/e b'pero e;+;e- / brom t=e //-ee o> t=e A, +re

eFpete- to be re&+t/e&' &oHer +- H/t=/ t=e re+= o> t=e ;eer+& p


79/195

H+ ot p+re-.

A&& t=ee Here -e/;e- to e+e, + He&& + pre+- o +F+t/o

"+t&', pet/t/oer ote- t=+t t=e &/m/t+t/o o t=e re-/t+b&e /pte- >rom A-+m Sm/t=: C+o o> +F+t/o, +- /t t+te

#. =e eer' t+te o pro;re/e t+F+t/o. B' /t er' +t pro;re/e t+F+t/o =+ o re&+t/o H/t= t=e A 'tem /+m/t t=+t / e+te b' A. A oero, t=e &oHer t=e /ome orpro>/t m+r;/, t=e b/;;er t=e p+rt t=+t t=e A e+t +H+'. At t=e e- o> t=e -+', /t / re+&&'t=e &oHer /ome ;ro

/-/ret t+Fe, &/e

t=e A. =+t /t /mp&' pro/-e / t=+t Co;re =+&& ?eo&e + pro;re/e 'tem o>t+F+t/o.? =e Coerre- [+-] + m


80/195

#t =+ bee +/- t=+t t+Fe +re t=e &/>eb&oo- o> t=e ;oermet. # t=/ +e, /t / I/rt7+/- me+&or /t+e, t=oe /o&/; po&/t/+& J


81/195

oere-, /& t=e rore/; orpor+t/o

Set/o 9$B)$1) De-rom ;ro /ome

Set/o 11 Peret+;e t+F o -omet/ +rr/er +- eeper

o> ;+r+;e

Set/o 11L +F o >r+=/e


82/195

Set/o 198 EF/e t+F o m++t>er >rom t=e preet +e / t=e ee t=+t/ t=+t +e t=e +me-met /tro-or t=e $1)+me-met o> Set/o LL, 100, 102, 10, 109, 105, 106, 10, 108, 110, 112, 115, 116,

26, 2, +- 28 o> t=e N#RC, + +me-e-4 +- $2) repe+& o> Set/o 11 +- 119 o> t=eN#RC, + +me-e-. SB No. 160, o t=e ot=er =+-, propoe- t=e $1) +me-met o>Set/o LL, 100, 102, 10, 109, 105, 10, 108, 110, 112, 26, 2, +- 28 o> t=e N#RC,+ +me-e-4 +- $2) repe+& o> Set/o 11, 119, +- 116 o> t=e N#RC, + +me-e-. #=ort, +&& t=e pro//o o


83/195

*/er+& Pro- t=e N#RC, + +me-e-, +re rom t=e Cot/tor >/&/; reerom t=e Se+te. A>ter +&&, t=ee +/m m+' t/&& be re+&/e- b' me+o> +ot=er b/&& t=+t m+' &+ter be //t/+te- b' t=e o Repreet+t/e.

=ere>ore, # ote to -e&+re R.A. No. L + ot/t+r + /t +me- pro//opert+//; to A. oHeer, # ote to -e&+re + rom t=e oRepreet+t/e, t=ereb' /o&+t/; Set/o 29 o> Art/&e # o> t=e Cot/t %/+e, to r+/e t=e +&>et/e (+o/>t= peret $2 9M5)4 or

$//) N+t/o+& ;oermet -e>//t + + peret+;e o> GDP o> t=e pre/o ;oermet.? 2 #t +&o +


84/195

/o&e ert+/ >+t7b+e- o-/t/o.e +re ot e-oHe- H/t= t=e />+&&/b&e ;/>t o> prop=e' to oH H=et=er t=ee o-/t/o+re ert+/ to =+ppe. =e poHer to +-I poHer o> + B/+mer+& Co>ereeComm/ttee. *ot o> t=e / %/+e, # eteree Comm/ttee =+&/m/te- poHer +- +ot be +&&oHe- to +t + /> /t Here + ?t=/r- =o Co;re. #> t=e -emor+t/,rep/e m' >+/t=t=+t t=ere oeree =+&& be ett&e- b' + o>eree

omm/ttee o> bot= o t=e =+;e / or +me-met to t=e t=e =+;e / or+me-met to t=e /e t=e poHer o> + o>ereeomm/ttee, /

=e m++;er o> + o>eree m/e t=eme&e to t=e -/>>eree omm/tte- tot=em . . . +- m+' ot /&


85/195

=/ r +t/J t=eU/te- St+te. = o>eree +re +ppo/te- >or t=e o&e p omprom//; +-+-I>er/; +- o>&/t/; op//o o> t=e tHo oo>eree +&oe + ;r+t omprom/e +- mo-/>' propo/t/o o> e/t=er o t=e -/+;reemet. Co>eree +re &/m/te- to t=e o/-er+t/o o> -/>>ereebetHee t=e tHo orom t=e b/&& m+tter +;ree- to b' bot= orom &e;/&+t/e -/tr/t . . . +- t=oe H=o . . . =+&& be e&ete-t=ro re;/tere- +t/o+&, re;/o+&, +- etor+& p+rt/e or

or;+/+t/o.? =e Cot/tor /t eF&


86/195

pot eto poHer / >re/;=te- H/t= m/=/e>. "+H m+/; / + poHer t=+t + be or;oo- or >or /&&, =ee, o mo-er -+' &e;/&+t/o=+e m+-e ote t=e br+/o> t=e =o t=e U/te- St+te oe re>erre- to t=e;oermet o> t=e U/te- St+te + ?+ ;oermet b' t=e C=+/rme o> t=e St+-/;Comm/ttee o> Co;re . . .? Ne/t=er -/- t=ee +--/t/o +- -e&et/o o> t=e B/+mer+&Co>eree Comm/ttee p+ t=ro o&&et/e -e&/ber+t/o o> t=e member o>t=e tHo o > t=e B/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee -/- ot =+e+' + reo/&/; -/>>eree / b/&&. Att=+t &+te t+;e o> &+H m+/;, t=e Co>eree Comm/ttee +ot +--M-e&ete pro//oH=/= + beome &+H H/t=o


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;/e to b/&& o 1t, 2-, +- r- re+-/;. Ee t=e Se+te +- t=e o+t t=+t report o> o>eree omm/ttee m. (+ D+/e ommete- t=+t ?o>eree report +re reteree Comm/ttee Here / +or- H/t= &e;/&+t/e


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2. =e rrom t=e -/>>eret o t+t> H+ + o>>/er o> t=e /; +- &/eH/et=e p+r&/+met+r' +t H+ + re;+& +t +- o o>>//+& m/;=t -/p poHer H+ +-+e- + + tro;


89/195

re+o H=' t=e o ;oermet H/t= t=e+me repet + /t tre+t t=e +t/o o> /t oH o>>/er4 /-ee-, /t H+ t=o + reJ//+& bo-. "/eH/e, +&t=or++t t=+t / + +t/o +;+/t t=e =er/>> opre /t ++/e pre +&/-/t' H=/= m+' be +tt+e- b' +'+orm+t/o.

=/r-. # repet>o&&oH/; t=e oto poHer o> +B/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee, + -e&/e+te- b' t=e r t=e orom +t/; + + ?t=/r-? =+mber o> Co;re. U-ert=e &e+r r bot= t=e Se+te +- o>eree / t=e/r b/&& or Io/t reo&o&&oH

Se. 88. Co>eree Comm/ttee. # t=e eet t=+t t=e o t=e =+;e / or +me-met to t=e


90/195

=e C=+/rm+ o> t=e oeree =+&& be ett&e- b' +o>eree omm/ttee o> bot= o t=e =+;e /, or +me-met to t=e e+= o>eree H/t= t=e Se+te4 $2) /> t=e -/>>eree +re t=/ &/m/te- poHer to ett&e -/>>ereeH/t= t=e oor t=e't/&& =+e to be +pproe- b' t=e Se+te.

U-er bot= rt=e oeree H=/= +re /t / o>rote-H/t= >eree, /t =+ to ;o b+ to t=e =+mber t=+t re+te- /t ?>or t=e &+tter:+ppropr/+te +t/o.? # ot=er Hor-, /t mereebetHee t=e b/&&, /t +ot m+e +' =+;e. =ere t=e -/>>eree / or +ppropr/+te /tr t=eB/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee ot/t


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Pro/-e-, > t=e eo- p+r+;r+p= o> Set/o105 o> t=/ Co-e, t=e +& petro&eo&&oH

Se. 108. +& Goo- or Propert/e.

Pro/-e-, > t=e eo- p+r+;r+p= o> Set/o105 o> t=/ Co-e, t=e +& + B/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee / to reo/&e -/+;ree/; pro//o / t=e

b/&& or Io/t reo& t=e tHo =o Co;re. =e o e&etr//t'. =eB/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee +ot oerr/-e t=/ petro&e


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oppo/t/o to t=e o t=e A to t=e o petro&e o t=e B/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee. =e' b'p+e- t=e/rpr//p+& +- r+ r/ot H/t= t=e eFer/e o> poHer t=+t t=e r t=e &o+& ;oermet rom A =+&& be +&&o+te- +- oret+t/o pro;r+m4 +-

9. e peret $10) >or +;r/+rm7to7

m+ret ro+- +- /rr/;+t/o >+/&/t/e.St=. =e m+Ior/t' >e- t=e ot/t/+t/o Here ;erm+e to t=e pro//o re>erre-to /t >or reo/&/+t/o.?

/t= - ;erm+ee pro>>ere- /o&et/o.

=e tet o> ;erm+ee / oer&' bro+- +- / t=e >o m/=/e> >or /t +&&oH


93/195

t=e B/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee to =+;e pro//o / t=e b/&& o> t=e o t=e member o> bot= =o


94/195

t=ere>ore -e>et/e. U t=e peop&e. #t


95/195

eomp+/; / ome o t=e ;oermet,? oer H=/= t=/ Co/- oorm/; /t >


96/195

A-opt/; t=e Se+te

er/o / P+rt or / oto

Seo-, t=e BCC m+' =ooe to +-opt t=e Se+te er/o e/t=er / p+rt or / toto,e-or/; /t +&o H/t=oteH pro//o or ee +


97/195

+&&e- ?t+-b' +o/>t= peret $2 9M5) or$//) N+t/o+& Goermet De>//t + + peret+;e o> GDP o> t=e pre/orom t=eproper ;oermet bo-/e =+r;e- H/t= t=e/r -eterm/+t/o. =e &+H / omp&ete +-t+-+r- =+e bee >/Fe-. 5 O&' t=e >+t7>/-/; m+t=em+t/+& ompor /t/mp&emet+t/o o (+ t=e >+t4t=ere H+ mere&' + -e&+r+t/o o> + +-m//tr+t/e, ot + &e;/&+t/e, > >/+e / ?+t/; + t=e +;et o> t=e&e;/&+t/e -ep+rtmet? or + ?+;et o> Co;re? / -eterm//; +- -e&+r/; t=e eet

>et4 +-, eo-, t=+t t=e eret+r': pero+&/t'?/ / re+&/t' b t=+t o> Co;re.?

=e eret+r' o> >/+e / ot + +&ter e;o o> Co;re, b t=e Pre/-et. =e m+-+te;/e b' RA L to t=e eret+r' / ot eJrom t=ePre/-et: +&ter e;o / >/+e m+tter, to -eterm/e t=e >+tor m+/; t=e/re+e / A r+te oper+t/e. L #-ee-, + # =+e met/oe- e+r&/er, t=e >+t7>/-/;o-/t/o / + mere +-m//tr+t/e, ot &e;/&+t/e, > >/+e. oH t=e + t=e &+tter be /t +;et *+/; + &+H / -/>>eret >rom/mp&emet/; /t. =/&e t=e >/rt $t=e m+/; o> &+H) m+' be -e&e;+te-


98/195

;roHt= or &oH-oH / tr+/t/o+& eoom/e. 90 C&e+r&', t=/ m+tter / H/t=/ t=e o>/eo> &+Hm+/;. =/ Co >&+H H/t=/ t=e &+tter: /ter+& ror -eterm/+t/o be+ore/; orpor+t/o4 /re+/; t=e t+F re-/t

+;+/t t+Fe -rom ore/-et >ore/; orpor+t/o o /terorpor+te -//-e-4 +-re-o&&oH

Oe, + /ome t+F / + -/ret t+F /mpoe- o +tet/e&' /mpo/; + m+F/m peret t+F o ;ro +&e orree/+& H/t==o&-/; t+F 'tem, t=e +mo /ome t+F t=+t / H/t==e&- b' +H/t==o&-/; +;et / ot/t/+& p+'met o> t=e /ome t+F -rom t=ep+'ee o +/- /ome. 52 =e &/+b/&/t' >or t=e t+F pr/m+r/&' ret or t=e t+F ret /&e + t+F ret>eret. A7re;/tere- pero m+' ot +&H+' be ore/-et >ore/;orpor+t/o t=+t -e&+re +- p+' -//-e-, H=/&e /terorpor+te -//-e- +re ert+/&'ot ;oo- or propert/e >or +&e, b+rter, eF=+;e, &e+e or /mport+t/o. Cert+/&', /p>eret >rom t+F re-/t o -//-e- ree/e- b' ore/-et >ore/;orpor+t/o. EA#


99/195

=ree, /tem/e- -e-rom ;ro /ome p+rt+e o> t=e +t + t+F eFempt/o. 56#teret H=/= / +mo; r+=/e ;r+tee o> e&etr/ t=e o p+7o pro//o / B 555. %+e- H/t= ret+//; or mo-/>'/; t=e o p+7o pro//o +- -eterm//;t=e/r eFtet, or o> -e&et/; t=em +&to;et=er. # opt/; >or -e&et/o to reo&e t=e +r/+e, /tH+ mere&' +t/; H/t=/ /t -/ret/o. No ;r+e +b/+& $ot re-/t+b&e) A +- to >/F t=e r+te +t 5peret +- 10 peret, o + to =+rmo/e t=e +pp+ret -/>>eree / +&& t=ree er/o,H+ +&o H/t=/ t=e o t=e BCC. DE#C+A

#-ee-, t=e t+F re-/t met=o-


100/195

t=e /-e+ o> /mpo/; + /-/ret t+F o o+e o> t/>>er ompet/t/o. =ere /, t= t=e eJ t=e 0 peret +p Ho /peret t'pe o>b A + + t+F oo


101/195

++t=ooe to /mpoe + +--/t/o+& peret t+F o ;ro /ome, / &/e< o> t=e 0 peret+p, +- t= pero H=oHere ot A7re;/tere-, +- H=oe +&e or ree/pt Here eFempt >rom A. 89 =/ /+ot=er t'pe o> t+F /mpoe- b' t=e +F Co-e, / +--/t/o to t=e t+F o t=e/r repet/e/ome. No Jep+r+t/o o> poHer H=/= eIo/ t=eGoermet + beom/; oerre- +- &/+b/&/t/e e>ore-.? 8

RA L H+ e+te- pre/e&' to +=/ee t=e obIet/e o> r+//; reer+' t=eee+r' eFpee o> ;oermet. 88 =e me+ t=+t t=/ &+H emp&o' +re re+o+b&'re&+te- to t=e +omp&/=met o> &e;+& per&//et o&&et/o o> t+Fe.=+teer / eFpete- o> t=e o t=e &+H, or /t H/-om, =o/t m+r;/ r+te o> +r/o ;oo- +- er/e o>>ere-, +- t=e oto> t=e/r pro- /-/ret t+F+t/o b' ot=er o


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p='/+& /ee, t=e A 'tem + +&H+' be mo-/>/e- to /+& -em+-.=e St+te, t=ro


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Ee /> /t Here to be re>&ete- + p+rt o> t=e Cot o> S+&e, !o t=e &/m/t+t/o o t=e [/p


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?Att'. B+/J+t, t=e' >/&e- t=/ +e bot=+ petro&e o, t=e' t=eme&e Ho m/-/;=t o (rom bot= /-e . . . /terr


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#t H/&& be + er' =+r- -e//o to m+e, !o 'o< -o:t p+ /t o[4] b/rt tep t=+t He +re ee/; / to ee re-re >rom t=/ oor+b&e Co


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?Att'. B+/J. . . .

?Att'. B+/J


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# +m ot te+=/; 'o


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?( /re+e / -oet >ee, !o


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?(o


110/195

Not >or +' ot=er ree>et ot=e +t/o+& eoom'. CD+AS

=e o7+me-met rrom t=e oo&/-+te- b/&&. =ere m+' be + ot/t&/t/; pro//o o> t=e E7A b/&& Here reIete- /-/r/m/+te&' b' t=e BCC.

Appro/; +- #ert/;

Comp&ete&' NeH Pro//o

%/>t=, t=e BCC =+- t=e opt/o o> /ert/; omp&ete&' eH pro//o ot >o


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pro//o o> t=e b/&& o> e/t=er =o Co;re, or m+e +- e-ore + et/re&' eH b/&&+ + Co;re. ee, t=e BCC m+' reo&e -/>>eree o&' / o>&/t/;pro//o o> o;re/o+& b/&& t=+t +re re>erre- to /t4 +- /t m+' -o o o&' o t=eo-/t/o t=+t t=e Se+te +-o+t to br/; t=e &+H /to oper+t/o &e+r&' + +-m//tr+t/e, ot + &e;/&+t/e,>/+e eret+r' rem+/ t=e C=/e> EFe Co;re.

=e BCC eFer/e- /t prero;+t/e to -e&ete t=e o p+7o pro//o, be+&/t. # be&/ee, =oHeer, t=+t /t b&+t+t&' /o&+te- t=e or/;/+t/o +- t=e;erm+ee pr//p&e H=e /t /erte- pro//o ot >o


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+ttr/bor t=+t m+tter, >or p+/; t=e&+H. ACE#+

?[]=e Co/ pro//o o> e/t=er t=e ot=e b/&&, +-Mor $) tr' to +rr/e +t + omprom/e betHee t=e -/+;ree/; pro//o.DA+

# be; to -/>>er o t=e t=/r- propo/t/o.

#-ee-, Set/o 16$), Art/&e # o> t=e 1L8 Cot/torm +t H=/= Co;re /te&> / pro=/b/te-, &/e t=e p++;e o> + &+H H/t=o>/rm/;t=e t=e oere/; H/&&. 2 =e I


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meree omm/ttee.

B' t=/, # > C=/e> ( t=eb/+mer+& o>eree omm/ttee H+ &/m/te- to t=e reo/&/+t/o o> -/+;ree/; pro//oor t=e reo& -/>>eree or /o/te/e. = t=e o &+H. =/&e oe-e-&', t=e /ter+& r bot= oo>&/t/; pro//o, /t / t=e Cot/torm =+e bee-/tr/b /t /mme-/+te e+tmet to meet + p + b/&&, o +me-met =ereto =+&& be +&&oHe-, +- t=eote t=ereo =+&& be t+e /mme-/+te&' t=ere+>ter, +- t=e 'e+ +- +' etere- / t=e(o


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/ ot + b/&& t=+t H+ p+e- b' t=e et/re Co;re b ooorm b/&&, beree Comm/ttee +-t=ere+>ter /& %/+e, to r+/e t=e A r+te >rom 10 to 12e>>et/e (+ %/+e, =+&&,e>>et/e (+ t=e >o&&oH/; o-/t/o =+ bee +t/>/e-


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=/ pro/o o t=e + R.A. No. L, pro//o +me-/; Set/o 106, 10 +- 108 o> t=e N#RC,repet/e&'. Set/o 9 /mpoe + 10 A o +&e o> ;oo- +- propert/e, Set/o 5/mpoe + 10 A o /mport+t/o o> ;oo-, +- Set/o 6 /mpoe + 10 A o +&e o>er/e +- propert/e.

Pet/t/oer / G.R. No. 168056, 2 16820 +- 16896 9 ++/& t=e ot/t t=e Cot/tore / + betterpo/t/o to -eterm/e bot= t=e eFtet o> t=e &e;+& b be+r/;+- t=e bee>/t t=e' ee-.? A&o, t=/ et7


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ot=er +;e/e /-e t=/ oere/; tr o t=e poHer o> t+F+t/o / ot +bo&&eF/b&e. #t +-m/t o> eFept/o. Ret/re- ( -/ret/o+r' poHer >//et t+-+r- eFpree-b' &+H. 10

P+tet&', t=e +t o> t=e "e;/&+t+&& r+te, /mport +- eFport J+;e - t=e+t/o+& -ee&opmet pro;r+m o> t=e Goermet.

NoteHort=' / t=e +bee o> t+F r+te or A r+te / t=e e t=e /tet/o o>t=e %r+mer o> t=e Cot/t t=e poHer to >/F t+F r+te orA r+te to t=e Pre/-et, /m+;/+t/o+ t=/ e t=e &e;/&+t t=e "e;/&+trom 10 to 12 /> +' o> t=e >o&&oH/; o-/t/o, to re/ter+te,=+ bee +t/>/e- $/) +& ;ro -omet/pro- t=e pre/o peret $1 1M2).

At >/rt ;&+e, t=e tHo o-/t/o m+' +ppe+r to be -e>//te t+-+r- >//et to ;>et


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Pre/-et +mp&e opport+=/o.ESC+

=e tHo o-/t/o et >ort= b' &+H Ho//et =+- /t ot bee >or t=e >+tt=+t t=e Pre/-et, be/; +t t=e =e&m o> t=e et/re o>>//+&-om, =+ more t=+ eo otro& to br/; +bo =e H/=e to /re+et=e A r+te, +&& =e =+ to -o / to tr/t&' e>ore t=e A o&&et/o o + to eFee- t=e 29M5 e/&/;. =e +me =o&- tr//t. S=e H/&& I =e-oe ot H/= to /re+e t=e A r+te, =e m+' -/o + &+H / ot tete- b' H=+t =+ bee-oe b t=e &+H / /ter>er/; H/t= t=e r/;=to> t=e pero to =/ propert'. =e /J>et/e o&&et/o o> A. = t=e

Gro Domet/ Pro-


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Se+tor "+o.

!e, + /et/e. So He +re o>>er/; + /et/e to t=e C=/e> EFe


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+- %/+e, 2 t=/ Co t+F+t/o, o>ree + pop>/or t=+t

ee/t' H=/= otro&&e- +t oe t=e Hor- +- t=e p


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=e +-erb ?eF&ore;o/; -e>//t/o / m/-, /t + be re+o+b&' o&ter =+/; met +- -/ree +- o>eree,? +me

t=eoo&/-+teer/o o> t=e b/&&. =e Se+te +- t=e o Repreet+t/e +pproe-

/t. SEAO *+' 2, 2005, t=e ero&&e- op' o> t=e oo&/-+teer/o o> t=e b/&& H+ tr+m/tte-to Pre/-et Arro'o, H=o /;e- /t /to &+H. = R.A. No. L, et/t&e-?A At Ame-/; Set/o 2, 28, 9, 106, 10, 108, 10L, 110, 111, 112, 11, 119, 116,11, 11L, 121, 198, 151, 26, 2 +- 288 o> t=e N+t/o+& #ter+& Ree 1LL,

A Ame-e- +- %or Ot=er Prom o o


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o> Repreet+t/e. # o&et/o, t=/ H+ ot re+&&' + / t=e poHer o> t=e B/+mer+&Co>eree Comm/ttee /77/ Art/&e #, Set/o 26$2) o> t=e Cot/teree Comm/ttee ee /> t=ee Here ot ot+/e- / t=e Se+te +- o + et/re&' eH b/&& emer;/; o + Co>eree Comm/ttee, /t =+bee eFp&+/e-


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U-er o;re/o+& r proe-eree omm/ttee +re ot eFpete- tom+e +' m+ter/+& =+;e / t=e me+>eret,

perm/tt/; + o>eree omm/ttee to -r+>t eet/+&&' + eH b/&& . . .=e re + o>eree omm/ttee to/& t=e &e;/&+t/e -ep+rtmet. =e =+r;e t=+t / t=/ +e t=e Co>ereeComm/ttee +te- + t=/r- &e;/&+t/e =+mber / t=>eret >rom t=e b/&& o> e/t=er t=e o Repreet+t/e or Se+te, t=e B/+mer+&Co>eree Comm/ttee / /m/&+r&' empoHere- to m+e +me-met ot >oo&&oH/; t=e +/- r t=e US Co;re +- /t o>eree omm/ttee 'tem o/+t teFt>eree betHee t=e US %e-er+&Cot/t


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(o e+= o + B/&&.

O t=e ot=er =+-, Art/&e # o> oo&&oH/; proe-ore+t/; + &+H

Se. 26. $1) Eer' b/&& p+e- b' Co;re =+&& embr+e o&' oe .

$2) No b/&& p+e- b' e/t=er oore /t p++;e, eFept H=e t=e Pre/-et ert/>/e to t=eee/t' o> /t /mme-/+te e+tmet to meet + p + b/&&, o +me-met t=ereto =+&& be +&&oHe-, +- t=e ote t=ereo =+&& bet+e /mme-/+te&' t=ere+>ter, +- t=e 'e+ +- +' etere- / t=e (oore /t beome + &+H, be preete- tot=e Pre/-et. #> =e +pproe t=e +me, =e =+&& /; /t4 ot=erH/e, =e =+&& eto /t +-ret +&& t=e *ember o> t=+t o ree/pt t=ereo>4 ot=erH/e, /t =+&& beome + &+H + /> =e =+- /;e- /t.

$2) =e Pre/-et =+&& =+e t=e poHer to eto +' p+rt/ b/&&, b>et t=e /tem or /tem to H=/==e -oe ot obIet.

Ho -/t/t/o +re re+-/&' +pp+ret betHee t=e tHo proe-


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# t=/ oet/o, /t / /teret/; to ote t=+t t=e o>eree omm/ttee 'tem / t=e USCo;re =+ bee -er/be- / t=/ H/e

Co>eree Comm/ttee

Aot=er m+/ me=+/m o> Io/t oeree omm/ttee.#=er/te- >rom t=e E;&/= Cot/teree omm/ttee 'tem / +eo& t=e /eteet= et t=e or/;/ +- -ee&opmet o> t=e o>eree omm/ttee, ?t=e preet/; /-et/+& report >rom t=e omm/ttee o> o>eree / bot= =o ;r+t/; =/;= pr//&e;e to t=ee o>eree report, o> ot/; eree report+ + H=o&e +- perm/tt/; o +me-met o> /t, o> eep/; eret t=e -/ t=e o>eree omm/ttee, =+- beome et+b&/=e- / Amer/+p+r&/+met+r' pr+t/e.? +#ACE

Co>eree omm/ttee +re ompoe- o> Se+tor +- Repreet+t/e, /er o> bot= =oor t=e p +-I>eree betHee b/&& t=e' =+e p+e-. =/ -e/e =+ bee eFte/e&' t=e 115 &+H e+te- b' t=e 8t= Co;re, >or eF+mp&e,10 Het t=roeree +-, o> t=ee, 6 Here +ppropr/+t/o b/&& o H=/= t=e oeree or m++;er, + t=e' +re t'&e-. A &+r;e bo-' o> &+H +- pr+t/e =+bee bereeomm/ttee 'tem. # t=e >/rt p&+e, /t / =/;=&' pro-/;+& o> member: t/me. *Co+=/e+&eree -o ot o>/e t=eme&e to m+tter / -/porme- o t=eJte o omp&eF +- obe+t t=e H/&& o> Co;re + be /erte- H/t=oeree omm/ttee + + t=/r- =o


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o> Co;re. ?=e member o> t=/ :=o//te oH&e-;e + to =oHmember o> t=/ o>eree omm/ttee ote, +- t=ere / o reor- to proe t=e +tt/t

+' member o> t=e o>eree omm/ttee . . . A + pr+t/+& propo/t/o He =+e&e;/&+t/o, t=e, ot b' t=e o/e o> t=e member o> t=e Se+te, ot b' t=e member o> t=eo Repreet+t/e, beree omm/ttee. Eer' eFper/ee- &e;/&+tor oH t=+t /t / t=e =+r-et t=/; / t=eHor&- to -e>e+t + o>eree report.?

Dep/te t=ee +-m/tte- e/&, /mp+rt/+& t t=e o>eree omm/ttee 'tem-e>e- /t o et b+&+e + + eet/+& p+rt o> t=e &e;/&+t/e proe. Some me=+/m>or reo/&/; -/>>eree or/; t=e r m+tter ot omm/tte- to t=em b' e/t=er =oorb/- t=e -e&et/o o> /tem +pproe-b' bot= bo-/e4 b' perm/tt/; o>eree m++;er to report ee+r' eH m+tterep+r+te&' +- t=e =orom t=e o>eree report4 b' >/F/; +-e+-&/e toH+r- t=e &oe o> + e/o +>ter H=/= o b/&& oeree, o+ to e&/m/+te o;et/o +t t=e e- o> t=e e/o + eree / e/o ope to t=e peree report &/e oer &o;er4 +- pr/t/; t=em / b/&& >orm $H/t= o>eree =+;e/ /t+&/) o + to +&&oH member more t/me to eF+m/e t=em +- -/oer ?Ioer.? 9

=e ?t=ree7re+-/;? +- ?o7+me-met? reree omm/ttee,? o/t/; o> member om/+te->rom bot= o m+' ot -o. *oreoer, t=e/rpropo+& ee- o>/rm+t/o b' bot= o Co;re.

# o&et/o . Seret+r' o> %/+e, t=e Cot=e oeree omm/ttee.


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=ee pro//o, +or-/; to t=e pet/t/oer =+- bee /tro-eree omm/ttee =oort =o t=e tHo o t=e Co t=e Amer/+ Co;re +- /t o>eree omm/ttee / to -/m+t&e t=e o7+me-met ror t=e Co t=e ?t=ree7re+-/;? +- ?o7+me-met? r t=e Cot/teree Comm/ttee, /

-e&et/; t=e ?o p+ o pro//o? ot+/e- /

Se+te B/&& No. 1L50 +- o t=e Cot/t t=e B/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee H+ &/m/te- to t=e reo/&/+t/o o>

-/+;ree/; pro//o or t=e reo& -/>>eree or /o/te/e. =/ propo/t/ot/&& +pp&/e + + be ;&e+e- >rom t=e >o&&oH/; teFt o> Set/o 88 +- 8L, Rt=e R t=e o Repreet+t/e

Se. 88. Co>eree Comm/ttee. # t=e eet t=+t t=e o


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t=+t t=e' m+ter/+&&' /mp+/r t=e oeree Comm/ttee Report. . . . E+= report =+&& ot+/ + -et+/&e-,>//et&' eFp&//t t+temet o> t=e =+;e / or +me-met to t=e eree =+&& be ett&e- b' +o>eree omm/ttee o> bot= o t=e =+;e /, or +me-met to t=e e+= oereeComm/ttee o petro&erom p+/; o t=e A to t=e oeree Comm/ttee+te- be'o- t=e ope o> /t + />or- t=ep


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&e;/&+t+t, bo&ter t=e +r;or t=e tr/t omp&/+e b' Co;re o> t=e &e;/&+t/eproe-eree re&+te to t=e -e&et/o o> t=e ?o p+ o pro//o.? O&' e&ee $11) +me-met, H=/= +re e/t=er=oeree Comm/ttee Report H=/= -e&ete- t=e ?o p+ o pro//o? -/- ot t=e p+r+meter o> t=e b/+mer+& o>eree omm/ttee: &/m/te-poHer b t=e Cot/t


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?ero&&e- b/&& -otr/e,? t=e /;/; o> + b/&& b' t=e Spe+er o> t=e o/+t/o o> t=e Seret+r/e o> bot= =o Co;re t=+t /t H+p+e- +re o& /t -rom t=e +& /t o>>//+& -oe H/t= ;r+e +b -/ret/o +mo I


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o-/t/o =+ bee +t/>/e-. 1

=e tHo o-/t/o +re

$/) +& Gro Domet/ Pro- t=epre/o peret $1 1M2). 2A r/rt o-/t/o / t=+t t=e o&&et/o >rom t=e E7A eFee- 2 9M5 o> t=e GroDomet/ Pro- t=e pre/o t=e tHo o-/t/o =+ppe,/.e., /> o-/t/o $/) or o-/t/o $//) or+me ;/e, t=e o&' pr+t/+b&e H+'t=+t t=e preet -e>//t o> t=e +t/o+& ;oermet + be re->ort, H=/= m+/&' =+ toome >rom t=e E7A. B>ort t=ro o-/t/o $/)/; t=e preet A / oH +t 1.5.=e +t/o+& b, o t=e ot=er =+-, t=/ / ot -oe, t=e o-/t/o $//) =+ppe t=e b//t rem+/ oer 1.5.

=+t / t=e re t=/ =e re>et/e (+ t=e tHoo-/t/o oore, /t Ho tHo o-/t/o. D+A#S


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Neert=e&e, t=e otr+r' / tror t=/ re+o t=+t t=e Co +>>ete-ommo-/t/e, pe/+&&' o/& +- e&etr//t'. %or t=e oet o> t=e &+H &+t (&et/; t=e et /remet+& e>>et o> t=e t+F, H=/= / ot ee+r/&' 10, b/- +re t=e pro//o o orpor+te /ome t+Fe,H=/= +re ot ;erm+e to t=e E7A &+H, +- +re ot >oore/;

orpor+t/o

Set/o 28$B)$1) R+te o> /ome t+F o o7re/-et >ore/;

orpor+t/oSet/o 28$B)$57b) R+te o> /ome t+F o /terorpor+te

-//-e- ree/e- b' o7re/-et >ore/;

orpor+t/o

Set/o 9$B)$1) De-rom ;ro /ome

S/m/&+r&', # +;ree H/t= (o&&oH/; +re ot ;erm+e to t=e E7A &+H


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?Set/o 1, 2, +- o> t=e Rep+r + t=ee et/o $+)+me- t=e r+te o> /ome t+F o -omet/, re/-et >ore/;, +- ore/-et >ore/;orpor+t/o4 $b) +me- t=e t+F re-/t +;+/t t+Fe -rom ore/-et >ore/;orpor+t/o o t=e /terorpor+te -//-e-4 +- $) re-


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*' >/rt po/t pert+/ to H=et=er or ot Set/o 9, 5 +- 6 o> t=e E7A "+H ot/t t+F+t/o +ot be -e&e;+te- b' Co;re to +' ot=erbr+= o> ;oermet or pr/+te pero, >Comm//o +- t=e D# Seret+r' m+' be re;+r-e- + +;et o> Co;re >or t=ep /mpo/; +>e;rom t=ee pr//p&e, Set/o 9, 5, +- 6 o> t=e E7A "+H H+rr+teF+m/+t/o. =e pro//o re+-

SEC. 9. Se. 106 o> t=e +me Co-e, + +me-e-, / =ereb' >o&&oH

SEC. 106. +& Goo- or Propert/e.

$A) R+te +- B+e o> +F. =ere =+&& be &e/e-, +ee- +- o&&ete- o eer' +&e,b+rter or eF=+;e o> ;oo- or propert/e, + +&eror4 pro/-e-, t=+t t=ePre/-et, t=e Seret+r' o> %/+e, =+&&, e>>et/e (+ t=e>o&&oH/; o-/t/o =+ bee +t/>/e-.

$/) +& Gro Domet/ Pro- t=epre/o peret 1 1M2).


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Se. 5. Set/o 10 o> t=e +me Co-e, + +me-e-, / =ereb' >o&&oH

SEC. 10. +& Goo-.

$+) # Geer+&. =ere =+&& be &e/e-, +ee- +- o&&ete- o eer' /mport+t/o o>;oo- + +& +&ter +' o> t=e >o&&oH/;o-/t/o =+ bee +t/>/e-.

$/) +t/o+& +& Gro Domet/ Pro- t=e pre/o peret $1 1M2).SEC. 6. Set/o 108 o> t=e +me Co-e, + +me-e-, / =ereb' >o&&oH

SEC. 108. +& Ser/e +- Ue o> "e+e o> Propert/e

$A) R+te +- B+e o> +F. =ere =+&& be &e/e-, +ee- +- o&&ete-, + +&rom t=e +&e or eF=+;e o>er/e4 pro/-e-, t=+t t=e Pre/-et, t=e Seret+r' o>%/+e, =+&&, e>>et/e (+ t=e >o&&oH/; o-/t/o =+ bee +t/>/e-.


=e pet/t/oer -eem + oF/o +&ter t=e +t/>+t/o o>t=e tH/ o-/t/o t=+t +& Gro Domet/Pro- t=e pre/o peret $1 1M2). ACSEAt >/rt b& t=e pro/o ree+& t=+t t=/ /ot eF+t&' t=e oper+t/e e>>et o> t=e &+H. =e J/er ?=+&&? -eote + m+-+tor', r+t=ert=+ -/ret/o+r' > t=e Pre/-et to r+/e t=e r+te o> A to 12 +' o> t=e tHo &/te- o-/t/o.

S/e t=e Pre/-et / ot ;/e +' -/ret/o / re>


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t=ere / &e+r&' o -e&e;+t/o o> t=e &e;/&+t/e poHer to t+F b' Co;re to t=e eFeot/t +t+t +&ter +' o> t=e >o&&oH/;o-/t/o =+ bee +t/>/e- . . . .? =/, +>ter +&& / t=e oper+t/e e>>et o> t=e pro//o + /tt+-. # re&+t/o to t=e oper+t/o o> t=e t+F /re+e, t=e -eom/+te- ro&e o> t=ePre/-et +- t=e Seret+r' o> %/+e m+' be re;+r-e- + + & %/+e=+e -e/;+te- ro&e / t=e /mp&emet+t/o o> t=e t+F /re+e. Co/-er/; t=+t /t /Co;re, +- ot t=ee o>>//+&, H=/= proper&' =+e /mpoe- t=e /re+e / t=e Ar+te, =oH =o t=e t+F. U-er Set/o 2 o> t=e N+t/o+& #ter+& Ree +&& +t/o+& /ter+& reeoremet o> +&& >ore>e/t/e oete- t=ereH/t= =+- beepre/o t=e;oermet t=e poHer to +ert+/ t=e >+t or o-/t/o + t=e b+/ o> t=e t+/; /toe>>et o> + &+H. #t >o&&oH t=+t +ert+/met o> t=e eF/tee o> t=e tHo o-/t/opree-et >or t=e /re+e + t+te- / t=e &+H o %/+e. 1

Noet=e&e, t=e +ppre=e/o +r/e t=+t t=e proe o> +ert+/met o> t=e &/te-o-/t/o -e&e;+te- to t=e Seret+r' o> %/+e +- t=e Pre/-et e>>et/e&' et-/ret/o+r' + %/+e, %/+e / +t/; + t=e +;et o> t=e&e;/&+t/e br+=, to -eterm/e +- -e&+re t=e eet >et. 19 =/ reo;/t/o o> +;e' m %/+e +-m//tr+t/e >


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/mp&emet+t/o o> t+F &+H, + /t -oe t=e N#RC. !et /t Hoor Co;re to -e&e;+te to t=e Seret+r' o> %/+e t=e p&e+r' >e+t/; + t+F &+H. A t+te- e+r&/er, t=e /t>eret >rom t=+t / So %/+e t=e -/ret/o to r+/e t=e t+F, + t=e A r+te Ho+&& o t=e Pre/-et,+- ot o Co;re H=/= +te&//t/e o> t=e pro//o, +- re> -/ret/o o t=e p+rt o> t=e Pre/-et H=o H+, +>ter+&&, ?+or t=e Co %/+e

Oe o> t=e more r t=e B/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee to /tro-/+& b/&& H=/= Here ot ot+/e- / t=e orom H=/= t=e E7A "+Hor/;/+te-. *ot o> t=e po/t +--ree- b' t=e pet/t/oer =+e bee ett&e- / o t=+t pree-et / t=e Cot/t b/&&, b/&& + t=ep &o+& +pp&/+t/o, +- pr/+te b/&& =+&& or/;/+te eF&/+& >orm =+e bee-/tr/b /t /mme-/+te e+tmet to meet + p + b/&&, o +me-met t=ereto =+&& be +&&oHe-, +- t=eote t=ereo =+&& be t+e /mme-/+te&' t=ere+>ter, +- t=e 'e+ +- +' etere- / t=e(o


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repreet+t/e o> t=e peop&e, t=e pr//p&e eo&e- t=+t moe' b/&& mrom =ere-/t+r' peer+;e. Ee / t=e U/te- St+te, member o> t=e Se+te Here ot-/ret&' e&ete- b' t=e peop&e, b t=e ror t=e Se+te to/tro-rom t=e +-opt/o / o&et/o o> Amer/+ &e;/&+t/e pr+t/e re&+t/; to b/+mer+&omm/ttee -ep/te t=e -/>>eree / ot/tr+meHor, p+rt/ +/- repet/e=oore +/- b/&& / tr+m/tte- to t=e ot=er =oor /t o


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Art/&e # o&' re&+te to t=e p++;e o> + b/&& be>ore t=e oeree Comm/ttee.

#-ee-, Set/o 26 +- 2 o> Art/&e #, H=/= -et+/& t=e proe-ore /t / tr+m/tte- to t=e Pre/-et,bor bot= =+mber o> Co;re to reo/&e t=e/rrepet/e er/o o> + propet/e &+H. =e member o> t=e B/+mer+& Co>ereeComm/ttee m+' poe / t=em t=e +p+/t' to repreet t=e/r p+rt/eree Comm/ttee.

e&&/;&', t=e er/o +pproe- b' t=e B/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee t/&& eree Comm/ttee ee- o&' be ;erm+e to t=e

t=e o;erm+ee, t=e E7A "+H. Ee t=e member o>t=e Co t=e &+H +pp&'/; ;erm+eeoet=e&e +ept t=e b+/ prem/e t=+t eree Comm/ttee t=+t / ot;erm+e to t=e t=e o (or &e;/&+t/; m+' be ;


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t=+ et+b&/=e- &e;+& t+-+r-. # -eem /t ( /tpro//o pert+/ to t=e A, or /-/ret t+Fe, -oe ot me+ t=+t +' +- +&&+me-met H=/= +re /tro- R.A. No. 8180 o t+r/>> -/>>eret/+& /o&+te t=e pro//o1 o> t=e Cot/tore/; to t=e ;eer+& or t=e met=o- +- me+ o> +rr'/; o> -/>>eret/+& / ;erm+e to t=e R.A. No. 8180 H=/=/ t=e -ere; t=e -oHtre+m o/& /-


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to beree Comm/ttee, t=e tet o> ;erm+ee / eet/+&, +- t=e pro//o-oe ot p+ m m' o&&e+;rom p+/; o t=e A p+'met +re t=e e&&er o> petro&e/+& er/o. A;+/, # po/t o/+& er/o / or-e&/ber+t/o +- ot/;.

*oreoer, t=e >+t t=+t t=e +t t=e ?o p+ o? pro//o +-opte- b' t=e orom t=eB/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee. =e Comm/ttee o/ t=e ?o

p+ o? pro//o eF/te- + + t+;/b&e o&rom t=+t o> t=e Se+te, t=ere Ho


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##.

*' e+r&/er /eH, + +re t=e er, +re roote- / ot=/; moret=+ ot/t + &+H -e/;e- to re&/ee o t=e E7A "+H H=/=, t=o +t+F &+H + be me++or o>+>>/rm/; t=e &e;/&+t R/;=t, ee /> t=e +r/>/e / ote/b&' m+-e ?/ t=e +t/o+& /teret.? #t / m' &/>e, &/bert' or propert' H/t=o t=e poHer o> t=e;oermet, rom o>/+t/o b' &e;/&+t/e e+tmet, >rom e/or>e/t


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Jrom (>et/; + /t -oe propert' r/;=t, bot=t=e -rot/; pet/t/oer / t=/e. =ere m+to or + p


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#t / -/>>/ I t+F &+H =+ /re+e- H/t=t=e ;roH/; omp&eF/t/e o> be/o. e+&/t' +ot be+&&oHe- to tr/ t=e C&e+r +- Preet

D+;er Dotr/e + Co Spe+t t=+t /t =+ 'et to be/mp&emete-, or t=e >e+r t=+t -o/; o ot/t t=e E7A "+H.

#> t=ere / +


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"+H =+ 'et to be /mp&emete-. No pero + o> 'et + &+/m to =+e t=e -e, &/bert' or propert' H/t=o m+t=em+t/+& ert+/t', +- t=e eFtet o> t=e &o J/+b&e

t=roree pee= +e, / >+t em++te >rom t=epropet//t', +- ot t=e +t/e o> >ree-om o> eFpre/o to t=e re+&m o>>ree-om o> re&/;/o, + ote- b' (+e o> p+tet&' or eF+mp&e, Co;re -eem /t H/e to /mpoe t=e mot -r+o/+ o> t+F me+


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b oort / t=e +b/&/t' o> t=e &e;/&+tee +;+/tromt=e prem/e t=+t t=e ++/&e- pro//o o> t=e E7A "+H m+' be mere&' t=e E7A &+H otr+ee t=e - ;oo-. =e t+F / =o t=e

p+t7>oo- me+&, b t=e mo-er /-


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H=o e+t t=e rop. #-ee-, >rom t=e eFtr+t/o or pro- t=e r+H m+ter/+& to /t >/+&o +& + ;eer+& t+F o o t=e A 'tem, t=+t t=e /mpo+b&et+F rem+/ proport/o+& to t=e pr/e o> ;oo- +- er/e o m+tter t=e tr++t/o t=+t t+e p&+e.

=ere / +ot=er e' =+r+ter/t/ o> t=e A t=+t o m+tter =oH m+' t=e t+F+b&etr++t/o t=+t pree-e t=e >/+& pte- or p+e- o tot=e b ;oo- or&o+& p ;oo- +- er/e / t=e o tr+-e or brom + Are;/tere- pero.


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"et


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prep+'met o> /p ot t=e b +'.#t / Jor ret+/& +- -/tr/b &e t=+ 1 o>t=e/r ;ro ree


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A&& =ope >or etrepree/+/+& +p+b/&/t', / ob&/;e- torem/t to t=e ;oermet eer' J t=e o !B


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=/ t+- / otr+t to +me b


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H/t= /mp+/r t=e +b/&/t' o> t=e b t=e eterpr/e to reoer >rom t=e E7A"+H. =/ / 'o+/& to +ppre/+te+&/- /t m+&& pro>/t m+r;/,t=e E7A &+H e>>et/e&' e- t=e me+;e t=+t o&' =/;= m+r;/ be b' +r/>//; +&&to t+rt + m+&& bo&&oH/; =+rt o> t=e /ome t+temet o> + t'p/+&petro&e


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o t=e /mp+t o> t=e 0 +p. =e -e+&er H=oe /ome / /&& eet per/t /e o>o t=e -/; =oH t=ee ++/&e- pro//o tr'. Co/-er/; t=+t t=e er' /t+&/t', /> ot &/>e o> o+/&e- /to o//;&' -/p


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$60 o> o+/& to +oor t=eeFe re-/t+b&e /p


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ot+& A+/&+b&e #p


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+t t=e eFe /prom=+ppe/;, + /t &/m/t t=e +b/&/t' o> t=e b t=e prep+'met o> t=e /p+/& to met/o / t=+t t=e E7A "+H, H=/=+me- Set/o 112 o> t=e N#RC, o&&oH

SEC. 112. Re> #p A Re;/tr+t/o. A pero H=oe re;/tr+t/o =+ bee +e&&e--rom or e+t/o o> b +e&&+t/o,+pp&' >or t=e / + t+F re-/t ert/>/+te >or +'


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=/ pro//o, H=/= ooreee+b&e +- to t=e A7re;/tere- pero, H+ -e&ete-


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orrepo-/;&' &+/m t=+t t=e b/t / /m/&+r&' + mere pr//&e;e. =e Cot/t reo;/e t=e r/;=t to pro>/t b' pr/+te eterpr/e. A # t+te- e+r&/er, oe o> t=ee/et/e to ee-e- /etmet. 5 *oreoer, t=e Cot/t Set/o 8 o> t=e E7A "+H / o&&oH

?SEC. 110. +F Cre-/t.

$A) Cre-/t+b&e #p t=e+p/t+& ;oo- / &e t=+ >/e $5) 'e+r, + or -epre/+t/o p t=e ompe+t/o, ret+&, ro'+&t' or >ee.

A;+/, t=/ pro//o //et to ++t+& to t+rt7 + b>/


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o> +p/t+& ;oo- be+r + + me+ o> +--/; +&ore t=e' + -o o. Aot=er =or t=e N#RC, / +&o +& +& t=e;ro p+'met t=ereo> Pro/-e-, =+t t=e p+'met >or &e+e or propert/e orpropert' r/;=t to ore/-et oHer =+&& be p+'met. %or p t=/ Set/o, t=e p+'or or pero / otro& o> t=ep+'met =+&& be o/-ere- + t=e H/t==o&-/; p+'met. . . .

=e pr//p&e t=+t t=e Goermet +- /t or t=ep ;oo-, +- 6 o> t=e ;ro ree/pt >or er/e. oHeer, t=e N#RC =+- +&opro/-e- t=+t t=/ t+F H/t==e&- Ho t=/ re-/t+pp+r+t>et/e&' ompe& t=e pr/+te eterpr/e tr++t/; H/t= t=e ;oermet to=o t=e re-/t me=+/m r


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'tem, H=/= =+r+ter/t/+&&' +&&oH t=e re-/t/; o> /p t=/ t+F H/t==e&- to t=eb>et o&' t=oe pero or et+b&/=met t=+t =ooe to -o b+t t=+t t=e ;oermet +- /t et/e&' -/o


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Door t=e +me t+F per/o- t=e +me t=/; or +t//t' tH/e,H=e /t =o t+F. 56 Door t=e bee>/t o>t=e +me ;oermet+& et/t' or b' t=e +me Ior t=e +me por eer' 'e+r o> er/e. ee, ee /> t=e;oermet emp&o'ee +bet =/me&> +- eF=+/t +re +&re+-' /mporm p+rt o>, =/ +&+r' H=/= / t, / /te&&/;et&' -e/;e-, +- t+- + + >+/r me+ to r+/eree>//et me+o> t+F+t/o. =e oer # =+e r+/e- -o ot -etr+t >rom m' ;eer+& +ppro+& o> t=e A

'tem.# -o &+met t=oeH -e+-e. =e poHero> t+F+t/o, /=eret / t=e St+te +- eer o poHer>+/r =+re o> t=e +t/o: He+&t=.

#te+-, He +re o-eme- b' + +t/o+& po&/' -r/e b' t=e moom+/+ >or St+teree


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to t=e eoom' =o t=e ;oermet: >/+e H/&& be t=e -e+t= o> &o+& bor &+ o> mer/t4

2) PAR#A""! GRAN t=e Pet/t/o / G.R. No. 16896 +- -e&+re Set/o 21 o> t=e E7A "+H + t=e N#RC. D+EC#

C#CO7NA@AR#O, (., o/&e- be>ore t=/ Coor + //&/e- o/et', +- H/t=o


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-/>>eree +mo; o t=e +/- b/&&, or -e&et/; >rom Rep. AtNo. L or +me-/; pro//o t=ere/ ee t=oereeComm/ttee /o&+te- Art/&e #, Set/o 26$2), o> t=e Cot/torb/- t=e+me-met o> + b/&& +>ter /t =+- p+e- t=/r- re+-/;4 +- $) Rep. At No. L

otr+ee- Art/&e #, Set/o 29, o> t=e Cot/t t=eo Repreet+t/e +- t=e Se+te Pre/-et, +- ert/>/e- b' t=e Seret+r/e o>bot= o Co;re, =+&& be o& o> /t - t=e H/-om o> +b+-o/; t=e ero&&e- b/&&-otr/e. # be&/ee t=+t /t / more pror t=/ Co/e- proe- &+H b' Co;re,+- ot o> + mere /ter+& r proee-/; o> /t o t=e /rre; Rep. At No. Loer t=e +me-met /tro-or t=e re+t/o o> + B/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee / H/t=/ t=e prero;+t/e o> e+=o


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o/-er/; t=+t o tHo o +&& t=e/r member, o&' t=e +ppo/te- repreet+t/e o> bot=o>eree / t=e/r b/&&. =e reromt=e/r meet/;, embo-/e- / t=e B/+mer+& Co>eree Report, =+&& be /+t/o b' bot= o t=eeFtet o> t=e poHer o> t=e B/+mer+& Co>eree Comm/ttee +>ter t+/; /to +o t=e B/+mer+& Co>ereeComm/ttee to reo/&e or ett&e t=e -/>>eree / t=e tHo o&/t/; pro//o o> t=e b/&&4 b&/t t=ereobetHee t=e Se+te +- o t=e N+t/o+& #ter+& Ree 1LL ot

re&+te- to A.A&t=o t=e N+t/o+& #ter+& Ree 1LL, Se+te B/&& No. 1L50 =+- + m t=e +/- Co-e, Rep. At No. L, H+ to r+/e +--/t/o+&reeor t=e ;oermet to +--re t=e -/re eoom/ /t t=e o


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t=em +re /mpoe- +- o&&ete- b' t=e +t/o+& ;oermet to r+/e ree He =+eoe Co-e >or +&& o>eret t+Fe eree Comm/ttee to o7A pro//o o> t=e N+t/o+& #ter+& Ree1LL +re ot Rep. At No. L &/m/t/; t=e/r /p t+F+t/o&+


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reporte- + +et / + A7re;/tere- pero: >/+/+& t+temet +- boo o> +o re-/t/; t=e /p petro&e


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#t =o


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b' /o/; o I t=e N+t/o+& #ter+& Ree 1LL, A Ame-e- +- %or Ot=er Por t=ee P t=e N+t/o+& #ter+& Reeor ot=erP


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Ame-e-.?

18. Et/t&e-, ?A At Ame-/; t=e N+t/o+& #ter+& Reeorot=er Peree Comm/ttee o t=e D/+;ree/; Pro//o o> Se+te B/&&No. 1L50 +- oeor7S+t/+;o . Comm//o o E&et/o, G.R. No. 1225, *+r= 1L, 1LL,20 SCRA 106, 154 Peop&e . Roet=+&, No. 9606 960, (


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91. Pe&+e . A P//; Co. . R'+, 2L U.S. 88, L ".E-. 96L $1L5).

5. Comp+/+ Geer+& -e +b+o -e %/&/p/+ . =e Bo+r- o> P t=eDep+rtmet o> Eer;', G.R. No. 12960, Noember 5, 1LL, 281 SCRA 04 A& #ter+&Ree


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Br+=), G.R. No. 15260L, ( C


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8L. #b/-.

L0. No. "78111, ( %/+e, G.R. No. 115955, Otober 0, 1LL5, 29L SCRA628, 65L.

100. er+ . Ae&/o, G.R. No. "759, A t=e U/te- St+te . S


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8. See Op//o / 25 SCRA 60, 8057825.

L. .B. No. 555 =+ o ?o p+ o pro//o.? o t=e o e+= o


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15. 25 SCRA 60, 8789 /t/; " + b/&& b' t=e Spe+er o> t=e o/+t/o o> t=e Seret+r/e o> bot= [=]o Co;re t=+t /t H+ p+e- +reo& /t - t=e Commo, H=oe member +re e&ete- torepreet t=e/r ot/t/rt / t=e o Commo t=+t +&oe m+' t+rt b/&& tor+/e t+Fe or +


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=ttpMMe.H//pe-/+.or;MH//MCot/t_t=e_U/te-_K/;-om4 =ttpMMHHH.oe>re. %/+e,


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28. Cr


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6. =e +t o> retro+t/e&' /mp&emet/; t=e 12 peret A r+te, =o/+eeret+r' be +b&e to m+e reomme-+t/o o&' Hee or mot= +>ter t=e e- o> >/+&'e+r 2005, or reert/; to 10 peret /> bot= o-/t/o +re ot met, +re bet +--ree- tot=e po&/t/+& br+=e o> ;oermet.

=e >o&&oH/; eFerpt >rom t=e r+r/pt o> t=e Or+& Ar; 2006, !o


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+t/;' t=e &+H +- /t H/&& ;


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$2) ome +t//t/e me++t o&' repreet t=e reoor /mproemet / t=e J.? o&et/o . Seret+r' o> %/+e, or ?&e;/&+tor +re t=e +re o> t=e peop&e / J t=e /teret /ome /+& t+F.

98. =e +me-met to /ome t+Fe +&o p+rt+e o> t=e +t t+F+t/o H/t=o #ter+& Ree


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56. *+m+&+teo, P=/&/pp/e #ome +F $2009), p. 1.

5. See Q8 o> Reeer to t=e +F Re>orm At o> 1LL.

60. =e 92 peret re- t=e +FCo-e, / -er/e- b' >/rt rom t=e/re+e- t+F r+te o> 5 peret /mpoe- o -omet/, re/-et >ore/;, +- ore/-et>ore/; orpor+t/

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