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7/30/2019 11 - Review of IP Addressing and Routing
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11 Review of IP Addressingand Routing
By Muhammad Asghar Khan
Reference: CCENT/CCNA ICND1 Official Exam Certification Guide By WendellOdom
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Agenda
IP Addressing IP Address ClassesPublic vs Private Addressing
IP Version 6
IP Routing
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It is also called logical or network layeraddressing
IP address consists of a 32-bit number and canbe represented in decimal or binary notation
Decimal: 192.168.0.1
Binary: 11000000 . 10101000 . 00000000 .00000001
The range in each decimal number is b/w 0and 255
Set of consecutive addresses groupedtogether is called an IP Networks
Device using the IP address is called an IP
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IP address has two main parts:Network Part: Identifies the number of networks
Host Part: Identifies the number of hosts in aparticular network
Size of the network and host part is determined by
the class or group of an IP address
IPAddress(192.168.0.1)Network
Portion(192.168.
0)
Host
Portion(1)
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IP Address Classes IP defines five different network classes
Unicast Addresses: Class A, Class B, Class CMulticast Addresses: Class D
Experimental Addresses: Class E
Unicast Addresses (Class A, B & C)
These addresses identifies a single device on the
networkClass A
In class A the first octet range is from 1 to 126 i.e1.0.0.0 --------- 126.0.0.0
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The network part is 1 byte while the remaining 3 bytes
represent the host with in the class A network
NNNNNNNN . HHHHHHHH . HHHHHHHH . HHHHHHHH
Note; the first octet starts with 1 instead of 0, becauseoriginally 0.0.0.0 was reserved as broadcast address, butnot used now a days
Class B
In class B the first octet range is from 128 to 191 i.e
128.1.0.0 --------- 191.254.0.0
Here, both the network and host parts are 2 bytes each
NNNNNNNN . NNNNNNNN . HHHHHHHH . HHHHHHHH
Note; the first octet starts with 128 instead of 127, because127.0.0.0 is used as loopback addresses
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Class C
In class C the first octet range is from 192 to 223 i.e
192.0.1.0 --------- 223.255.254.0
The network part is 3 bytes long while the 1 byte representthe host part
NNNNNNNN . NNNNNNNN . NNNNNNNN . HHHHHHHH
Class C is the mostly used group of addresses
Multicast Address (Class D)
These address identifies a subset of devices on thenetwork
Class D
In class D the first octet range is from 224 to 239 i.e
224.0.0.0 -------- 239.255.255.255
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Experimental Addresses (Class E)
Experimental addresses are reserved for research andexperimental purpose
Class E
In class E the first octet range is from 240 to 254 i.e
240.0.0.0 --------- 254.255.255.255
Public vs Private Addressing
The ICANN and its member organizations managethe process of assigning IP network numbers, oreven smaller ranges of IP addresses, to companiesthat want to connect to the Internet
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Public addresses are the addresses that are usableon the Internet and internal networks
While addresses that are used on internal orprivate networks are called private IP addresses
Private addresses does not need to be registerwith ICANN
Private addresses are not routable on the Internet
Following are the ranges for private addresses :
Class A: 10.16.0.0 --- 10.255.255.255
Class B: 172.16.0.0 --- 172.31.255.255
Class C: 192.168.0.0 --- 192.168.255.255
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The NAT enabled router is used to access theInternet with private addresses
IP Version 6
IPv6 defines many improvements over IPv4
The primary goal of IPv6 is to significantly increasethe number of available IP addresses
IPv6 uses a 128-bit IP address
A 128-bit address structure provides well over1038 possible IP addresses
Note, IP Version 5 was defined for experimentalreasons but was never deployed
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Many large service providers have migrated toIPv6 to support the large number of mobiledevices that can connect to the Internet, and theU.S. government has mandated migration to IPv6for its member agencies
The 128-bit IPv6 address is written in hexadecimalnotation, with colons between each quartet ofsymbols
IPv6 also allows for abbreviations, as is shown in
Table
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IP routing presumes the structure of IPsubnetting, in which ranges of consecutive IPaddresses reside in a single subnet
The routers routing table use the subnet
numbers & corresponding subnet masks forrouting
Using subnet number & subnet mask routerfind the range of consecutive IP addresses in
the subnet
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