8/10/2019 11 Stakeholder Management of Landscapes[1]

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StakeholderManagement of Landscapes

Published by the Conservation & Environmental Management Division (CEMD) of the Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment. Copyright NRE 2008. NRE would like to thank agencies and individuals who have offered their comments and support. Design, layout and text by Micael Junkov. Translation to Bahasa Malaysia by Peregrine Services. This poster is published as partof the Biodiversity Component implemented by the Governments of Malaysia and Denmark under the Environmental Cooperation Programme. The Component took off in November 2006 and runs until December 2009. Funding for this publication has been provided by the Danish International Development Assistance Danida.

Notes: For more information on the subjects dealt with see A Common Vision on Biodiversity in Government and the Development Process and supporting guidelines which can be downloaded from www.nre.gov.my Untuk maklumat tambahan berkenaan tajuk-tajuk yang dibincangkan, lihat A Common Vision on Biodiversity in Government and the Development Process dan garis panduan sokongan yang boleh dimuat turun dari www.nre.gov.my1 Principles and interventions based on Lindenmayer DB, Franklin JF & Fischer J. 2006. General management principles and a checklist of strategies to guide forest biodiversity conservation . Biological Conservation 131:433-445. 2 Bennet G. 2004. Linkages in practice . A review of their conservation value. IUCN, Gland(Switzerland) and Cambridge (UK). 3 Photo by Dylan Jefri Ong 11 and 12 Jun 08. 4 Lindenmayer DB & Fischer J. 2006. Habitat fragmentation and landscape change. An ecological and conservation synthesis . Island Press.

Pengurusan Landskap oleh Pihak Berkepentingan

No. 11

For instance, the National Land-scape Department may be promo-ting riparian vegetation forreasons of beautification in urbanenvironments, but these maynevertheless contribute to threeof the five management principlesshown in the Table above.The Public Works Department andPERHILITAN are jointly workingout habitat linkages in connectionwith new road infrastructure (seephotos to the right).

II Managing individual species andecological processes

Landscape pattern-based mitigationstrategies, as referred to above, arean excellent starting point for safe-guarding ecosystem services inmodified landscapes.However, in some cases importantspecies and ecological processes areinsufficiently protected (e.g. pollina-

tors). In this situation, such speciesand/or ecological processes should betargeted through the five generalmanagement strategies shown in theTable to the right.

Suitable actions fall into the twocategories: I managing landscapesand II managing individual speciesand ecological processes . Bothshould be applied at multiple scales.

I Managing landscapesPrinciples and interventions repre-sent an approach by which theavailability of ecosystem servicesacross the landscape may beenhanced by managing thelandscape structure throughstrategic placement of managedand natural elements.The mitigation strategies shown inthe Table to the right represent anexcellent starting point for land-scape management of biodiversitywhich result in increased resilienceand safeguarding of ecologicalprocesses.From the Table it is also clear thatmanaging diversity requires diversemanagement interventions onbehalf of multiple stakeholders .However, it is encouraging thatmany parties share similar orcompatible objectives. Some arealready pursuing these together

across institutional boundaries andin fulfilment of national goals forsustainable development.

Managing important individual species and ecological processes 4 Management Strategies Purposes / Interventions

1 Maintain key speciesinteractions andfunctional diversity

Protect important ecosystem processes Protect characteristic ecosystem structure

2 Maintain / applyppropriate disturbance

regimes

Encourage characteristic vegetation structure Create characteristic spatial / temporal variability in

vegetation patterns3 Maintainspecies and

habitats of particularconcern

Ensure the survival of threatened species (plants andanimals) and habitats

4 Control aggressive,overabundant, andinvasive species

Reduce competition and predation by undesirablespecies that could ne gatively affect desirable species

Maintain characteristic species composition5 Minimise ecosystem-

specific threateningprocesses

Identify problems that may affect biodivers ity butare not directly related to landscape modification

Establish protocols to eliminate these problems

The Public Works Department and PERHILITAN are working togetherestablishing under-passes for wildlife (upper right and lower left)

Gerik Kupang highway, Kedah3

Linkage as an over-pass 2

Linkage as an over-pass (drawing) 2

Gua Musang Kuala Berang highway, Terengganu 3

Note 1: FDs correspond to Forestry Departments Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak; PAs:PERHILITAN, Sabah Parks, Sabah Wildlife Department, Sarawak National Parks & WildlifeDivision; TCPD refers to Town & Country Planning Departments in Peninsular Malaysia andSarawak; and TRP to Town & Regional Planning Sabah. In addition to the agencies listed here,research institutions such as FRIM and various universities can contribute tremendously in makingoperational the management principles for terrestrial, freshwater and marine systems.

Principles, management interventions, and key stakeholders to safe-guarding biodiversity, ecological processes, and ecosystem services inlandscapes 1

Note 1

Principles Management strategy/interventions Key stakeholders1 Maintain

connectivity

Riparian and other corridorsProtection of sensitive habitats within the matrixVegetation retention on logged areas throughoutthe landscapeCareful planning of road infrastructureLandscape reconstruction

FDs, PAs, DID, DOA,NLD, TCPD/TRP, JKR,

State Authorities,extensive land usesystems (oil palm/

rubber, etc.)2 Maintain

integrity ofaquaticsystems

Riparian and other corridorsProtection of sensitive habitats within the matrixMid-spatial-scale Protected AreasSpatial planning of cutover sit esIncreased rotation lengthsLandscape reconstructionCareful planning of road infrastructureUse of natural disturbance regimes as templates

Same as No. 1 plusDepartments of:

Marine Park Malaysia;Fisheries; andEnvironment

3 Maintain /build habitat

structuralcomplexity

Use multiple (indigenous) speciesRetention of structures and organisms during

(regeneration) harvest / rotationHabitat creation (e.g. undercropping; promotion ofcavity-tree formation)Stand management practicesIncreased rotation lengthsUse of natural disturbance regimes as templates

All

4 Maintainlandscapeheteroge-neity

Riparian corridorsProtection of sensitive aquatic habitatsCareful planning and maintenance of roadinfrastructureMidspatial scale Protected Areas within the matrix

All

5 Managedisturbances

Ensure that strategies are varied betweendifferent habitats and landscapes (do not do thesame thing everywhere)

All

How to build and maintain a resilient landscape

Tindakan bersesuaian jatuh ke dalamdua kategori: I menguruskan land- skap dan II menguruskan spesies

individu dan proses-proses ekologi .Kedua-duanya perlu dijalankan di

pelbagai skala.

I Menguruskan landskapPrinsip-prinsip dan pelbagai campurtangan mewakili pendekatan di mana

ketersediaan perkhidmatan ekosistemmerentasi landskap boleh

diperkukuhkan dengan menguruskanstruktur landskap melalui penyusunanstrategik elemen-elemen terurus dan

semulajadi.Strategi-strategi kawalan yang

ditunjukkan dalam Jadual di kirimewakili titik permulaan yang sangat

baik untuk pengurusan biodiversitimelalui landskap yang berkesudahan

dengan peningkatan ketahanan danperlindungan proses-proses ekologi.

Dari Jadual, juga jelas yangmenguruskan kepelbagaian

memerlukan campur tangan pengurusan yang berbeza bagi pihak

pelbagai pihak berkepentingan.Bagaimanapun, adalah menggalakkan

yang banyak pihak berkongsi objektif yang serupa atau serasi.

Sesetengahnya sudahpun mengejarobjektif ini bersama merentasi

sempadan antarabangsa dan untukmemenuhi matlamat kebangsaan untuk

pembangunan mampan.Contohnya, Jabatan Landskap

Kebangsaan mungkin mempromosikantumbuhan riparia untuk tujuan hiasandi persekitaran bandar, tetapi ia jugamungkin menyumbang kepada tiga dari

lima prinsip pengurusan yangditunjukkan dalam Jadual di atas.

Jabatan Kerja Raya danPERHILITAN bekerjasama mencari

penghubung habitat berkenaaninfrastruktur jalan baru (lihat

gambar di kiri).

II Menguruskan spesies-spesiesindividu dan proses-proses ekologi

Strategi-strategi mengawal landskapberdasarkan corak, seperti yang

disebutkan di atas, adalah titikpermulaan yang baik untuk melindungi

perkhidmatan ekosistem dalam landskaptermodifikasi.

Bagaimanapun, dalam sesetengah kes,spesies penting dan proses-proses

ekologi tidak cukup dilindungi (spt.pendebunga). Dalam keadaan ini,spesies sebegini dan/atau proses

ekologi patut disasarkan melalui limastrategi pengurusan am yang

ditunjukkan dalam Jadual di kiri.