1.1 Synonyms, Antonyms and One-word substitutes

(It was a pleasant summer evening. Mr. Spooner is walking along the street.)Spooner: “Oops!” (A fat lady bumps into him. Her name is Mrs. Malaprop.)Malaprop: “Oh! I am sorry, I came from this corner and didn’t notify you.” (Yes, don’t be surprised. Mrs. Malaprop is known for her malapropism. [use of inappropriate words] example: ‘notify’ instead of ‘notice’] so be careful with her. Mr. Spooner is another character. He is well-known for his slips of the tongue.)Malaprop: “Oh! My books! I dropped them.”Spooner: “Don’t worry madam. I will help you.” (Mr. Spooner collects all the books and gives them to her.)Malaprop: “I would like to express my that … that” (She thinks of a word.)Spooner: “Thanks?”Malaprop: “No! … Yes! But there is another word …”Spooner: “gratitude?”Malaprop: “Yes, I would like to express my gratitude sir.”Spooner: “thanks is enough madam.”Malaprop: “How? How did you know this word?”Spooner: “Lots of practice in vocabulary. I am helping my daughter in preparing for her placements.”Malaprop: “Oh! I see! My son is also preparing for his placements. I would be immensely happy if I am able to help him.” … “Sir, do you know of any strategies to approach vocabulary questions? I might pass it on to my son.”Spooner: “Yes, I do. Let’s discus it over a cup of coffee, shall we?”Malaprop: “Yes, we shall.”

How to approach synonym questions?

Note: cracking synonyms questions is simple, if you know the word and its meaning. All you need to do is to choose the right synonym.

The following steps can be followed if you are not sure of the meaning of the words.

Step 1Analyze all the parts of the word: prefix, root, and suffix. Try to ascertain its

meaning.

Step 2Use the word in a sentence and try to arrive at its meaning.

Step 3Eliminate all the incorrect options. Choose the right option from the remaining

options

How to answer antonym questions?

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Answering antonym questions is similar to answering synonym questions.

Remember: while answering antonym questions, students tend to forget that they have to pick the word that is opposite in meaning and they choose the word that is similar in meaning. When you answer antonym questions, always remember that you have to choose the word that is opposite in meaning.

How to answer one-word substitute questions.

Generally, words that denote a particular branch of study, that denote a process, that denote a condition, etc are given in such questions, you should be familiar with such words, before answering these questions.

Step 1Read both the question and the given options

Step 2Analyze each option separately: consider its prefix, root, and suffix.

Step 3Eliminate the wrong options and choose the right option from the remaining

options.

Spooner: “However, a person who is familiar with a large amount of vocabulary can be successful in cracking these questions.” Malaprop: “Oh I see.”Spooner: “Madam, I have an appointment and I should go immediately. We will discuss the rest (analogies and anagrams tomorrow, same place and same time. See you tomorrow.”Malaprop: “thank you sir. I will meet you tomorrow. (After going home, I should say this to my son and ask him to do some exercise.)”

Synonyms, Antonyms and One-word substitutes– Practice Book

Exercise 1.1.1

I Choose the right synonyms: 1. commence – [A] begin [B] initial [C] proceed [D] climb2. sober – [A] sincere [B] clear-headed [C] serious [D] sane 3. agony – [A] tiredness [B] nervousness [C] emotion [D] pain 4. conceal – [A] hide [B] plan [C] kill [D] evil5. trivial – [A] suffering [B] unimportant [C] trying [D] efforts

II Choose the right antonyms: 6. postpone – [A] reverse [B] restart [C] advance [D] delay7. relish – [A] dislike [B] reveal [C] hide [D] divulge

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8. massive – [A] narrow [B] wide [C] huge [D] tiny9. vague – [A] detailly [B] clear [C] brief [D] empty10. proud – [A] soft [B] respectable [C] humble [D] true

Exercise 1.1.2

Choose the right synonyms for the words given in quotations.

1. He likes to get a ‘rewarding’ assignment. 2. [A] profitable [B] attractive [C] undemanding [D] simple

2. The group laughed ‘hilariously’, cracking jokes. [A] madly [B] greedily [C] boldly [D] loudly3. The management looks at giving excuse as if it is a ‘communicable’ disease. [A] contagious [B] abominable [C] dangerous [D] incurable4. More than a thousand freedom fighters were ‘massacred’ during the riots. [A] captured [B] mutated [C] slaughtered [D] rescued5. Hundreds and hundreds of faithful followers paid their ‘tribute’ to the king in his last journey. [A] wealth [B] gratitude [C] contribution [D] homage6. The officers diligently inspected the ‘consignment’. [A] shipment [B] luggage [C] baggage [D] parcels7. It is surprising that such a ‘congregation’ was possible in front of this temple. [A] accident [B] incident [C] assemblage [D] terrorism8. The watchman’s ‘deposition’ is crucial in this case. [A] eyewitness [B] felony [C] statement [D] vigilance9. Their system of ‘segregation’ was based on class difference. [A] separation [B] integration [C] determination [D] prejudice10. Her beauty and charisma will readily ‘tantalize’ any onlooker. [A] cheat [B] bemuse [C] exterminate [D] tease

Exercise 1.1.3

Choose the right antonyms for the words given in quotations.

1. We left the place at ‘dawn’ [A] dusk [B] west [C] morning [D] night2. He has a ‘horse’ [A] mare [B] stud [C] steek [D] hump3. The survivors were left in the ‘open’ [A] cover [B] close [C] Sun [D] street4. The cliff ‘protect’ us from direct attack [A] expose [B] save [C] hinder [D] evade5. The army ‘advanced’ with great agility [A] retreated [B] progressed [B] digressed [C] dispersed6. She is a ‘lazy’ goose [A] inactive [B] dull [C] goofy [D] active

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7. The old man is suffering from ‘severe’ headache [A] deep [B] coarse [C] mild [D] moderate8. The otherside of the cliff is a ‘steep’ slope [A] slow [B] gentle [C] unsteep [D] smooth9. The killing was committed in ‘defense’ [A] affiance [B] sanctity [C] protection [D] prevention10. The young prince ascended the throne [A] climb [B] degenerated [C] declained [D] descended

Exercise 1.1.4

Choose the right synonyms for the words given in quotations.

1. Only a strong man could ‘endure’ such horror and agony. [A] bear [B] inflict [C] peruse [D] infer 2. Even the most talented spies could not ‘penetrate’ the KGB. [A] infiltrate [B] sever [C] protect [D] discover3. The grandfatherly headmaster ‘scrutinized’ his little students. [A] reminded [B] scolded [C] inspected [D] praised4. This case became a ‘labyrinth’ of unsolved legal issues. [A] culmination [B] reference [C] maze [D] source5. I was hit by ‘nausea’ when I looked at the carcass. [A] sickness [B] shock [C] fright [D] breathlessness6. There is a ‘subtle’ difference between the two. [A] large [B] slight [C] considerable [D] remarkable7. The proposal was ‘summarily’ rejected. [A] instantly [B] totally [C] wholly [D] certainly8. The gang ‘conspired’ to murder its leader. [A] plotted [B] decided [C] desired [D] thought9. The salesman was ‘immensely’ pleased. [A] definitely [B] greatly [C] completely [D] nearly10. The music troop has many ‘amateurs’. [A] part-timers [B] professionals [C] geniuses [D] big shots

Exercise 1.1.5

Choose the right antonyms for the words given in quotations.

1. We were asked to speak ‘loud’ [A] softly [B] slowly [C] silently [D] aloud2. He is the ‘most’ wanted criminal [A] more [B] least [C] less [D] unimportant3. The train will ‘reach’ the station in ten minutes [A] arrive [B] divert [C] leave [D] depot4. Get a pack of crisps from the ‘nearest’ shop [A] farest [B] long [C] distant [D] farthest

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5. The child devoured the ‘whole’ cake. [A] part [B] partly [C] apart [D] unwhole6. The judge found him ‘innocent’ [A] wicked [B] sinful [C] ignorant [D] guilty7. She was ‘exposed’ to the sun and the rain [A] provoked [B] shown [C] shielded [D] expanded8. The aircraft is very ‘tiny’ [A] small [B] huge [C] tidy [D] unattractive 9. The two boys look ‘similar’ [A] different [B] alike [C] same [D] departed10. This is a ‘cheap’ carpet [A] explosive [B] extensive [C] ecstatic [D] expensive

Exercise 1.1.6

Choose the right synonyms for the words given in quotations.

1. The rich man is happy to be an ‘extravagant’. [A] leader [B] vagabond [C] spendthrift [D] expert 2. The committee demands a ‘coherent’ explanation. [A] rational [B] vivid [C] elaborate [D] concise3. The clerk always pays his ‘reverence’ to the manager. [A] commission [B] loan [C] contribution [D] respect4. The FBI agent has ‘divulged’ the secret to the mafia. [A] revealed [B] sold [C] deceived [D] created5. The child has a ‘fragile’ body. [A] strong [B] small [C] weak [D] fat6. The poem ‘inspires’ every reader. [A] affected [B] motivated [C] captivated [D] repelled7. The convict ‘regretted’ his deeds. [A] narrated [B] explained [C] endured [D] repented8. The medication would cause ‘adverse’ effects. [A] bad [B] strong [C] severe [D] slight9. The curtains were stitched out of a ‘coarse’ material. [A] cheap [B] smooth [C] costly [D] rough10. The teacher asked us to collect fifty words ‘pertaining’ to a particular topic. [A] reserving [B] following [C] concerning [D] explaining

Exercise 1.1.7

Choose the right antonyms for the words given in quotations.

1. Bose was an ‘extremist’ [A] moderate [B] middleman [C] coward [D] patriot2. This fish can be found in ‘shallow’ water [A] salt [B] deep [C] light [D] dark

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3. He was arrested for ‘reckless’ driving [A] careless [B] illegal [C] careful [D] gleeful4. Milton is an ‘eternal’ figure in literature [A] prominent [B] infamous [C] famous [D] mortal5. The city suffers from scarcity of water [A] abundance [B] purity [C] shortage [D] availability6. The government has introduced a ‘flexible’ policy [A] fluent [B] worthless [C] worthy [D] rigid37. My friend congratulated me on my ‘success’ [A] defeat [B] victory [C] failure [D] achievement 8. The commander ordered his men to be ‘alert’ [A] aware [B] relaxed [C] ignorant [D] careless9. your victory starts when you start ‘retreating’ [A] advancing [B] improving [C] strengthening [D] backing10. The box was very ‘light’ [A] dark [B] bright [C] shadow [D] heavy

Exercise 1.1.8

Choose the right synonyms for the words given in quotations.

1. The smell of this flower ‘induces’ sleep. [A] stimulates [B] resists [C] aggravates [D] reduces2. The ‘implementation’ of this plan requires a huge capital. [A] design [B] execution [C] prospect [D] declaration3. The spoon was given as a ‘supplement’ with the cutlery. [A] inventory [B] substitute [C] accompaniment [D] replacement4. The teacher has a ‘repulsive’ attitude towards the boys. [A] favorable [B] repressive [C] amiable [D] disgusting5. This issue received ‘paramount’ importance amidst others. [A] supreme [B] incalculable [C] less [D] considerable 6. ‘Admittance’ into the complex is prohibited. [A] permission [B] consent [C] inspection [D] access7. He glanced through the ‘classified’ documents. [A] distinguished [B] divided [C] comparative [D] confidential8. The play came to an ‘abrupt’ stop. [A] complete [B] unexpected [C] slow [D] right9. The workers waved their ‘weary’ hands. [A] handsome [B] exhausted [C] energetic [D] ugly10. The young student bubbled with ‘enthusiasm’. [A] anger [B] happiness [C] zeal [D] expectation

Exercise 1.1.9

Choose the right synonyms for the words given in quotations.

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1. The elephant brought down the ‘massive’ tree in a single pull. [A] ancient [B] beautiful [C] matured [D] gigantic2. The police made a thorough search for the ‘notorious’ suspect. [A] cruel [B] dangerous [C] infamous [D] popular3. The minister carefully ‘manipulated’ his moves to strengthen his position. [A] devised [B] maneuvered [C] implemented [D] analyzed4. The mutineers ‘rebelled’ against the authority. [A] revolted [B] conspired [C] worked [D] descended5. The stranger’s ‘intrusion’ turned out to be a nuisance. [A] introduction [B] rebuke [C] reproach [D] interference6. The doctor cleared his ‘apprehension’ patiently. [A] ailment [B] illness [C] problem [D] fear 7. His ‘prediction’ was accurate. [A] opinion [B] answer [C] calculation [D] forecast8. The story of this novel was told in ‘fragments’. [A] suspense [B] complacence [C] peaces [D] pieces9. His anger was ‘aggravated’ by her nonchalant behavior. [A] created [B] subsided [C] modified [D] provoked 10. Even a child’s warble is ‘melodious’. [A] oriented [B] organized [C] abstemious [D] harmonious

Exercise 1.1.10

Choose the right synonyms for the words given in quotations.

1. The student began to lament over his failure. [A] grieve [B] think [C] analyze [D] inspect2. It is time for the writer to capitalize on his popularity. [A] increase [B] exploit [C] recount [D] remark3. The decline of the mogul empire became ‘inevitable’. [A] worse [B] intense [C] unavoidable [D] unprotected4. Trade and commerce ‘flourished’ in the east. [A] developed [B] increased [C] declined [D] prospered5. Tendulkar played a ‘wonderful’ shot. [A] magnanimous [B] perfect [C] explicit [D] magnificent6. The chase for the ball is in ‘vain’. [A] futile [B] danger [C] progress [D] delay7. The accident caused a ‘fatal’ wound in his head. [A] large [B] heavy [C] mortal [D] curable8. I was indulged in a ‘profound’ thought. [A] solemn [B] single [C] noble [D] deep9. The river finally ‘receded’ leaving the place devastated. [A] overflowed [B] retreated [C] rose [D] arose 10. ‘Humiliation’ made their heads sink low. [A] sorrow [B [disgrace [C] failure [D] disappointment

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Exercise 1.1.11

Choose the right synonyms for the words given in quotations.

1. Their success was apparent after their performance. [A] obvious [B] certain [C] doubtful [D] inevitable2. The workers have shown their ‘dexterity’ in the work. [A] hard work [B] anger [C] skillfulness [D] knowledge3. The company is determined to retain all its employees even after such a huge loss. [A] dismiss [B] suspend [C] punish [D] keep 4. The ‘resumption’ of the class was not liked. [A] start [B] introduction [C] continuation [D] revision5. We bought a few expensive utensils. [A] machines [B] apparatus [C] dresses [D] bags6. She made a gorgeous appearance. [A] dazzling [B] sudden [C] unexpected [D] disdainful7. The mayor is a ‘prominent’ figure in the city. [A] dominant [B] recognizable [C] respectable [D] popular8. The principal finally ‘renounced’ his faith in nonviolence. [A] published [B] abandoned [C] declared [D] expressed9. School students ‘haggle’ over cheap books. [A] fight [B] demand [C] bargain [D] discus10. Indians always talk over their past ‘glory’. [A] history [B] deeds [C] achievements [D] splendor

Exercise 1.1.12

Choose the right synonyms for the words given in quotations.

1. The statue of the king is a ‘colossal’ monument. [A] impressive [B] massive [C] expensive [D] luxurious2. The teacher gave a ‘vivid’ narration. [A] clear [B] detailed [C] brief [D] apt3. My wife loves to be in ‘solitude’. [A] comfort [B] luxury [C] company [D] seclusion4. The committee ‘condemns’ the behavior of the president. [A] denounce [B] appreciate [C] commemorate [D] approve5. The boy ‘denies’ any involvement. [A] accepts [B] doubts [C] refuses [D] confesses6. The officer tried to hide his ‘frustration’. [A] excitement [B] annoyance [C] suspicion [D] aspiration7. The two highways ‘converge’ in this place. [A] meet [B] separate [C] originate [D] break8. Abolition of corruption has become a ‘mirage’. [A] challenge [B] stigma [C] ordeal [D] illusion9. Blood ‘oozed’ out of the cut.

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[A] spread [B] coagulated [C] seeped [D] peeped 10. I asked you to explain the ‘criterion’. [A] problem [B] aspects [C] condition [D] statement

Exercise 1.1.13

Choose the right synonyms for the words given in quotations.

1. His entire career pivots around the results of this examination. [A] revolves [B] depends [C] shaped [D] determined2. The lecturer always uses ‘bombastic’ words. [A] strange [B] difficult [C] pompous [D] big3. Her ‘persistence’ finally paid off. [A] perseverance [B] efforts [C] wisdom [D] patience4. The ball ‘ricocheted’ and hit his face. [A] swished [B] flew [C] bounced [D] rebounded 5. The door was always kept ‘ajar’. [A] open [B] close [C] bolted [D] locked6. Our man is a ‘vociferous’ opponent in the parliament. [A] popular [B] influential [C] strong [D] noisy7. I never hesitate to fight for a ‘legitimate’ cause. [A] clear [B] strong [C] right [D] important8. The detectives are investigating the ‘scam’... [A] murder [B] swindle [C] robbery [D] drug trade9. The minister is worried over the ‘fiscal’ deficit. [A] financial [B] fuel [C] security [D] terrorism10. The company is desperate to offer a ‘remedy’. [A] amount [B] employment [C] promotion [D] relief

Exercise 1.1.14

Choose the right synonyms for the words given in quotations.

1. It is advisable to ‘hire’ a condominium during your trip. [A] rent [B] buy [C] purchase [D] reach2. He is the one who wrote those two ‘voluminous’ books. [A] valuable [B] large [C] standard [D] worthless3. The meeting ended in ‘chaos’. [A] problems [B] good note [C] confusion [D] enmity4. The feasibility of this project rests heavily on you. [A] liability [B] responsibility [C] disposability [D] achievability 5. ‘vigorous’ exercise has shaped his body. [A] forceful [B] regular [C] good [D] valuable6. This incident will devastate the entire family. [A] elevate [B] fortify [C] popularize [D] demolish7. The whole group was indifferent to the comments.

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[A] different [B] reacted [C] unresponsive [D] unrecognizable8. The government authorities are restricted from using ‘lethal’ weapons to control small riots. [A] heavy [B] deadly [C] modern [D] sophisticated 9. The patient is suffering from ‘amnesia’. [A] forgetfulness [B] sleeplessness [C] insanity [D] madness 10. We are happy to express our ‘gratitude’ [A] willingness [B] success [C] wealth [D] thanksChoose the right one-word substitute for the following phrases: 11. a slow change – [A] revolution [B] evolution [C] process [D] modernization 12. a travel plan – [A] schedule [B] timetable [C] itinerary [D] programme13. carry out – [A] execute [B] discard [C] derive [D] transport14. a forerunner in a particular field – [A] pilot [B] pioneer [C] pathfinder [D] pagan15. possession from the birth – [A] innate [B] infantile [C] genius [D] genuine

Exercise 1.1.15

I Choose the right synonyms: 1. comprehensive – [A] complete [B] huge [C] honest [D] respectable2. obvious – [A] compulsory [B] reveal [C] clear [D] clever3. relevant – [A] coherent [B] pertinent [C] continuous [D] simple4. prevail – [A] invent [B] condition [C] succeed [D] excite5. meticulous – [A] careful [B] immediate [C] mockery [D] mortal

II Choose the right antonyms: 6. Depletion – [A] restoration [B] reduction [C] cruel [D] recurrence7. ambiguous – [A] vociferous [B] explicit [C] immaculate [D] standard8. severe – [A] harsh [B] strong [C] soft [D] mild9. fragmented – [A] peaceful [B] wholesome [C] harmonious [D] ceremonious10. extremists – [A] non violence [B] moderates [C] gandhians [D] suppressors

III Choose the right one-word substitute: 11. smuggling of liquor – [A] trafficking [B] bootlegging [C] hiking [D] burglary 12. expression of meaning indirectly – [A] circumvent [B] circumlocution [C] circumnavigate [D] circumcision 13. accidental invention – [A] serendipity [B] innovation [C] speculation [D] fortunate14. to praise one often inappropriately – [A] plead [B] mesmerize [C] flatter [D] herald15. a luxurious car: [A] wagon [B] pleasure car [C] machine [D] limousine

Exercise 1.1.16

I Choose the right synonyms for the words given in quotations: 1. He likes to get a ‘lucrative’ job.[A] profitable [B] attractive [C] undemanding [D] simple2. This experience ‘imbued’ him with confidence.[A] eroded [B] deprived [C] graced [D] filled

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3. The group cracked jokes and laughed ‘hilariously’. [A] heavily [B] joyously [C] boldly [D] loudly4. The patient is suffering from ‘amnesia’. [A] forgetfulness [B] sleeplessness [C] insanity [D] madness 5. Using sticks and a blanket, he ‘contrived’ a primitive tent. [A] plotted [B] engineered [C] fixed [D] planned

II Choose the right antonyms for the words given in quotations: 6. The slaves bubbled with ‘animosity’. [A] hostility [B] cordiality [C] reverence [D] hatred7. They were forced to take action under ‘desperate’ circumstances. [A] calm [B] friendly [C] difficult [D] amicable8. The suspect ‘denied’ all charges.[A] refused [B] agreed [C] assured [C] revealed9. The president of India is a ‘vivacious’ person.[A] Tranquilant [B] vigorous [C] sarrowful [D] goofy10. The old man is an ‘agnostic’.[A] Atheist [B] sinner [C] believer [D] preacher

III Choose the right option that will substitute the phrase given in quotations: 11. The officer ‘carefully read’ the document before approving it.[A] glanced [B] perused [C] diligent [D] glimpse12. The stranger ‘broke in on’ our conversation.[A] interrupted [B] overheard [C] supported [D] opposed13. We ‘got used to’ drinking tea without sugar.[A] tolerated [B] faced [C] managed [D] accustomed14. The old man is a ‘mentally weak person’.[A] imbecile [B] illiterate [C] ignorant [D] innocent15. The queen’s presence in the exhibition ‘enhanced the value of’ the goods at display.[A] augmented [B] endeared [C] envied [D] enthroned

Exercise 1.1.17

Choose the right synonyms for the capitalized words.

1. The giant gave a CONDESCENDING look.[A] patronizing [B] peculiar [C] terrifying [D] long2. He follows quick, SUBTLE methods to solve such issues.[A] delicate [B] fast [C] fanciful [D] unexpected3. I tossed the newspaper aside and lay LISTLESS, gazing the blue sky.[A] curled [B] indolent [C] comfortable [D] motionless4. This matter is of PARAMOUNT importance. [A] extremely [B] superficial [C] clearly [D] vital 5. For many years, he had adopted a system of docketing all paragraphs CONCERNING men and things.[A] comprising [B] excluding [C] regarding [D] neglecting6. The comical side of the affair so completely overtopped every other CONSIDERATION.

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[A] thought [B] aspect [C] possibility [D] moderate7. Every fresh fact seemed to strengthen his CONVICTION of young McCarthy's innocence.[A] speculation [B] possibility [C] confidence [D] gossip8. He walked up to the sideboard, and tearing a piece from the loaf, he devoured it VORACIOUSLY.[A] awkwardly [B] hungrily [C] quickly [D] completely9. I am IMMENSELY indebted to you.[A] badly [B] willingly [C] greatly [D] miserably10. He waved his hands FRANTICALLY.[A] anxiously [B] friendly [C] threateningly [D] dearly11. Temple was struck by the modest dwelling and FRUGAL table of the first citizen of the richest state in the world. [A] shabby [B] economical [C] ugly [D] salubrious12. His manners were a little too coarse and BOISTEROUS.[A] unruly [B] agile [C] refined [D] country13. He is discharged from the labour of uniting two INCONGRUOUS styles.[A] different [B] equal [C] strange [D] harmonious14. Mr. Courtenay PROCLAIMS that he is one of Dorothy Osborne's devoted servants.[A] declares [B] detests [C] displays [D] denotes15. The frequent changes of the government PRECEDED the Restoration.[A] succeeded [B] proceeded [C] followed [D] went before16. Elizabeth had no such PRETEXT.[A] introduction [B] reference [C] excuse [D] ideas17. They mixed UNCEREMONIOUSLY with other citizens.[A] carefully [B] hesitantly [C] hastily [D] unrestrained18. Parliament and all its friends were filled with grief and DISMAY.[A] disappointment [B] anxiety [C] contentment [D] sorrow19. It is SUPERFLUOUS to press the argument.[A] surplus [B] unnecessary [C] correct [D] apt20. Charles the Second and many of his courtiers had passed a large part of their lives in BANISHMENT.[A] luxury [B] exile [C] fighting [D] leisure21. Nothing was more natural than that the voters should wish for a triennial RECURRENCE of their bribes and their ale.[A] reappearance [B] supply [C] provision [D] demand22. The man RUMMAGED through the backseat and pulled out two cameras.[A] watched [B] found [C] searched [D] flogged23. Give the readers something else to argue and FRET over.[A] worry [B] talk [C] smile [D] fear24. The doctor came from the back and tried to CONSOLE him.[A] restore [B] comfort [C] advise [D] attack25. She gave a SUCCINCT description of the thief.[A] brief [B] detailed [C] clear [D] verbose

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Exercise 1.1.18

Choose the right synonyms for the words:1. Fragrance – (a) stench (b) aroma (c) reek (d) flimsy2. Implication - (a) insinuation (b) intrusion (c) innervation (d) incineration3. Palpable - (a) ratable (b) blatant (c) pulsating (d) preferable4. Endurance (a) engagement (b) durable (c) endeavour (d) fortitude5. The music troop has many 'amateurs'. [A] part-timers [B] professionals [C] geniuses [D] big shots

Choose the right antonyms for the words given in quotations.

6. The soldiers were determined to ‘violate’ the rules [A] promote [B] reform [C] obolish [D] obey7. The goddess appeared and gave him a ‘boon’ [A] fortune [B] punishment [C] curse [D] warning8. It was a ‘proud’ display [A] happy [B] humble [C] sad [D] shameful9. The amateur’s performance was a real ‘cacophony’ [A] harmony [B] symphony [C] inferno [D] trash10. The principal has made a ‘significant’ contribution [A] true [B] false [C] important [D] trivial

Exercise 1.1.19

Choose the right synonyms for the words given.

1. Admonish – (a) admire (b) anticipate (c) rebuke (d) reprobate2. Verity – (a) falseness (b) truthfulness (c) abnormality (d) concern3. Dogmatic – (a) doctrinaire (b) cynicism (c) value (d) trust4. Ergo – (a) yet (b) therefore (c) nonetheless (d) concerning5. Pertinent – (a) opposite (b) relevant (c) contagious (d) continuous

Choose the right antonyms for the following words.

6. Noble – (a) unnoble (b) ignoble (c) ilnoble (d) innoble7. Volatile - (a) explosive (b) stable (c) strong (d) monotonous8. Impertinent - (a) respectable (b) ignorable (c) comfortable (d) important9. Affluence - (a) influence (b) confluence (c) brevity (d) poverty10. Resilient – (a) flexible (b) weak (c) strong (d) rigid

Exercise 1.1.20

Choose the right synonyms for the words given in quotations.1. Pebbles and sand decrease in size by ‘attrition’.

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[A] corrosion [B] abrasion [C] infringement [D] deterioration2. The chairman is good at making ‘convoluted’ statements of wonderful circularity.[A] simple [B] unique [C] diverse [D] intricate3. He had to pacify her and ‘wheedle’ her into a better humor.[A] calm [B] solicit [C] coax [D] implore4. Numerous factors ‘impede’ our progress.[A] conjure [B] determine [C] accelerate [D] encumber 5. You are at liberty to ‘defray’ the expenses.[A] discharge [B] forgo [C] increase [D] reduce6. Sherlock Holmes staggered back, white with ‘chagrin’ and surprise.[A] shock [B] fear [C] dizziness [D] mortification7. “I agree.” the stranger said with ‘deference’.[A] Diligence [B] respect [C] determination [D] despondency8. Mr. Watson spoke those words ‘serenely’. [A] agitatedly [B] rudely [C] placidly [D] deliberately9. It always saves me from ‘ennui’.[A] tedium [B] danger [C] mockery [D] sorrow10. It might sound strange, but it remains to be an ‘axiom’ of mine.[A] maxim [B] verbatim [C] habit [D] mannerism

Exercise 1.1.21

Choose the right antonyms for the words given in quotations.1. The management asked him to described the problem ‘succinctly’.[A] briefly [B] elaborately [C] clearly [D] vaguely2. Stuart is ‘taciturn’ on that subject.[A] reserved [B] talkative [C] reticent [D] noisy3. His ‘reprimand’ is always sharp and quick.[A] reproach [B] wit [C] appreciation [D] rebuke4. It appears ‘obscure’ when it is read.[A] comprehensible [B] novel [C] indelible [D] dull5. It was an ‘extraneous’ comment. [A] exaggerated [B] harsh [C] humble [D] pertinent6. The alpine sun had burnished their faces and naked forearms to a deep, ‘lucent’ brown.[A] dark [B] opaque [C] clear [D] deep7. ‘Reminiscing’ about the early days of the department is not a pleasant experience.[A] talking [B] forgetting [C] praising [D] blaming8. He hastily ‘relinquished’ the siege.[A] utilized [B] dropped [C] seized [D] gave up9. Fleeing the city, he became a ‘destitute’.[A] solvent [B] allegiant [C] felonious [D] delinquent 10. Media is a word that is ‘discountenanced’ by the Party. [A] ridiculed [B] shambled [C] venerated [D] tolerated

Exercise 1.1.22

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I Choose the right synonyms for the capitalized words : 1. His PACIFIC personality helps maintain harmony in the family.[A] Stout [B] tranquil [C] strong [D] attractive2. Their diverse attitude seems to PRECLUDE an amicable settlement with the management.[A] To quickly negotiate [B] mediate [C] prevent [D] negotiate3. The payment of bonus was within the PURVIEW of the management.[A] Authority [B] scope of vision [C] Duties [D] power4. He works for a PALTRY sum in a provision store.[A] Huge [B] heavy [C] worthless [D] sufficient5. It was nothing but a PONDEROUS lecture.[A] Exaggerated [B] thoughtful [C] unthoughtful [D] dull and laboured

II Choose the right antonyms: 6. abasement – [A] happiness [B] sublimity [C] exaltation [D] glory7. Mask – [A] hit [B] expose [C] injure [D] deface8. Endure – [A] succumb [B] weaken [C] discontinue [D] continue9. Adroit – [A] insincere [B] foolish [C] clumsy [D] slovenly10. Aberrant – [A] regular [B] dignified [C] intelligent [D] charitable

III Choose the right one-word substitutes: 11. Repetition of a sound caused by reflection of sound waves: [A] echo sound [B] echo location [C] wave reflection [D] echo12. The branch of science concerned with the inter-relationship of organisms and their environment: [A] ecology [B] microbiology [C] ecosystem [D] entomology13. application of statistical methods to the study of economic data and problems: [A] economics [B] statistics [C] econometrics [D] economic probability14. Fit to be eaten: [A] eatery [B] edible [C] nutrient [D] eatable15. Having feminine qualities untypical of a man: [A] feminism [B] trans-sexual [C] effervesce [D] effeminate

Exercise 1.1.23

I Choose the right synonyms for the following words: 1. Cowardice – [A] bravery [B] timid [C] fearfulness [D] levity2. Lethargy – [A] weariness [B] intoxication [C] discipline [D] courage3. Commune – [A] immune [B] cooperative [C] sacred [D] interact4. Confer – [A] transfer [B] induction [C] award [D] introduce5. Abdicate – [A] abuse [B] abject [C] cultivate [D] renounce II Choose the right antonyms for the following words: 6. Antique – [A] innovative [B] invention [C] novel [D] recent7. Contempt – [A] disdain [B] retention [C] confront [D] admiration8. Massive – [A] tiny [B] inconsiderable [C] remarkable [D] sublime 9. Acute - [A] sharp [B] blunt [C] insignificant [D] productive

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10. Vindictive - [A] irritable [B] stable [C] merciful [D] remorseful

Exercise 1.1.24

1. Excavate – [A] indulge [B] intrigue [C] dig [D] build2. Mortal – [A] live [B] minimize [C] manipulate [D] earthly3. Aversion – [A] tribute [B] conscious [C] allocate [D] dislike 4. Culminate – [A] classify [B] treat [C] finish [D] draw5. Livid – [A] lively [B] discolored [C] clear [D] hazy

II Choose the right antonyms for the following words: 6. Abhor – [A] adore [B] abdicate [C] abet [D] abort7. Retaliate – [A] surrender [B] attack [C] retrieve [D] remark8. Divulge – [A] convulse [B] conceal [C] conspire [D] conduct9. Motivate – [A] promote [B] dishearten [C] impress [D] compress10. Pilot – [A] transfer [B] direct [C] trail [D] regard11. Nauseate – [A] innate [B] embark [C] entice [D] deceive12. Palpable – [A] plain [B] direct [C] collect [D] doubtful13. Emerge – [A] immerse [B] dwell [C] sublime [D] disappear14. Divert – [A] maintain [B] convert [C] assume [D] arrange15. Spontaneous – [A] calculated [B] instant [C] immediate [D] initiate

Exercise 1.1.25

I choose the right synonyms for the following words: 1. Impediment – [A] obstruction [B] recovery [C] important [D] clear2. Reverie – [A] reference [B] daydream [C] clever [D] monitor3. Resounding – [A] loud [B] impressive [C] echoing [D] breaking4. Masticate – [A] kill [B] chew [C] ponder [D] cover5. Nullify – [A] invalidate [B] assess [C] represent [D] call off6. Palliate – [A] soften [B] remove [C] substitute [D] embark7. malleable – [A] murder [B] destroy [C] impressionable [D] modify8. Nomenclature – [A] classification [B] culmination [C] replenish [D] miserable9. Flabbergasted - [A] stared [B] stunned [C] strangled [D] stamped10. Warble – [A] lay [B] sing [C] dance [D] laugh

(I) Choose the right antonyms for the following: 11. Gigantic – [A] huge [B] small [C] dangerous [D] fantastic12. Allay – [A] enlighten [B] frighten [C] destroy [D] aggravate13. Decrepit – [A] plentiful [B] delightful [C] creditable [D] youthful14. Sage – [A] snob [B] egoist [C] fool [D] rogue15. Occlude – [A] trap [B] open [C] add [D] weaken16. alacrity – [A] hesitation [B] uncertainty [C] inability [D] inaptitude 17. Tortuous – [A] straight [B] adventurous [C] disturbing [D] waver18. Desecrate – [A] divide [B] consecrate [C] create [D] integrate

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19. Moist – [A] crisp [B] hard [C] dry [D] parched20. Affable – [A] discourteous [B] discontent [C] intemperate [D] disagreeable

III Choose the right one-word substitute for the following: 21. a line on a map connecting places having the same temperature at a given time – [A] latitude [B] meridian [C] isotherm [D] isobar22. The detailed route plan of a journey or a tour – [A] time table [B] itinerary [C] interregnum [D] hamlet23. words or expression used by a particular group or professionals – [A] terminology [B] vocabulary [C] manifesto [D] jargon24. a person who crosses or walks in the street or road without regard for traffic – [A] jaywalker [B] somniloquist [C] somnambulist [D] pedestrian25. Extreme tiredness and sleep disorder felt after a long flight involving marked differences of local time – [A] fatigue [B] jet sleep [C] jetlag [D] noctambulation26. the study and analysis of soviet or Russian policies – [A] socialism [B] Bolshevik [C] communism [D] kremlinology27. a child who is alone at home after school until a parent returns from work – [A] house door kid [B] latchkey child [C] latch child [D] key child28. A person without professional or specialized knowledge in a particular subject – [A] ignoramus [B] unlettered [C] layman [D] laity29. an agreement by which the owner of a building or land allows another to use it for a specified time, usually in return for payment – [A] rent [B] hierpurchase [C] lease [D] hypothecate30. An expert swimmer employed to rescue bathers from drowning – [A] bodyguard [B] anchor [C] navyman [D] lifeguard

Exercise 1.1.26

I Choose the right synonyms for the words given in capitals: 1. He was in a REMOTE village.[A] Distant [B] primitive [C] small [D] traditional2. Ramesh is ready to AVAIL himself of our service.[A] Employ [B] gain [C] discontinue [D] relieve3. We are INFURIATED by his absence.[A] Disturbed [B] irritated [C] discouraged [D] encouraged4. He KVETCHES about the discomforts.[A] Feels [B] talks [C] complains [D] writes5. The minister PROMULGATED his ill views about the president.[A] Spread [B] gave [C] spoke [D] published

II Choose the right antonyms for the following words: 6. Malleable – [A] harsh [B] hard [C] soft [D] sound7. Perennial – [A] seasonal [B] permanent [C] occasional [D] eternal8. Calcify – [A] solidify [B] strangle [C] release [D] liquefy 9. marinate – [A] dry out [B] sock [C] add salt [D] add sugar

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10. bleak – [A] reminding [B] inviting [C] enhancing [D] none

Exercise 1.1.27

I Choose the right synonyms: 1. bereft – [A] disclaim [B] disturb [C] dispossess [D] discharge2. blandishment – [A] scolding [B] flattery [C] punishment [D] abandonment3. chary – [A] jealous [B] cautious [C] courageous [D] weary 4. chauvinist – [A] devotee [B] liberalist [C] communist [D] patriot5. coerce – [A] compel [B] rough [C] direction [D] twenty6. commodious – [A] comfortable [B] spacious [C] comical [D] confusing7. consternation – [A] fear [B] dismay [C] anguish [D] surprise8. contumacius – [A] rebellious [B] suspicious [C] torturous [D] complete9. conundrum – [A] equivocal [B] vague [C] ambiguious [D] dilemma10. abysmal – [A] sacred [B] miserable [C] extreme [D] inauspicious

II Choose the right one-word substitue: 11. promise to give up – [A] abet [B] abjure [C] abrogate [D] abut12. a partially enclosed place – [A] alcove [B] aplomb [C] apropos [D] arboreal13. ability to use both the left and the right hands equally well – [A] ambilimbos [B] ambidextoruos [C] ambivalent [D] asparity14. a person with good judgment – [A] cognoscente [B] connoisseur [C] confuter [D] confluster15. staying away from what is normal – [A] aberration [B] accolate [C] admonitory [D] alacrity

Exercise 1.1.28

I Choose the right synonyms: 1. impoverishment – [A] poverty [B] scaricity [C] poor [D] have-nots [E] downtrodden2. trepidation – [A] weakness [B] tremor [C] quake [D] apprehension [E] uncertainity3. procrastinate – [A] belated [B] dilatory [C] delay [D] adjourn [E] suspend4. profundity – [A] acute [B] thorough [C] prolongation [D] depth [E] penetrating 5. promulgation – [A] proclaim [B] propaganda [C] declare [D] release [E] spread

II Choose the right antonyms: 6. tenebrous – [A] bright [B] attractive [C] luminous [D] fresh [E] ardent7. impulsive – [A] calculative [B] cautious [C] measured [D] anticipatory [E] prescience8. superfluous – [A] elementary [B] rudimentary [C] basic [D] primary [E] initiatory9. Frailty – [A] strong [B] heavy [C] weakness [D] robustness [E] instable 10. enervate – [A] energise [B] encourage [C] support [D] appritiate [E] strengthen

Exercise 1.1.29

I Choose the right synonym for the words given in capitals:

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1. theatres were the INEVITABLE mechanism for the production and dissemination of thought and philosophy of the Movement.[A] unavoidable [B] important [C] necessary [D] requisite2. she brushes him aside with a VEHEMENT tirade about the mortgaging of the house.[A] strong [B] serious [C] severe [D] forceful3. he is dead too, broken neck, STRANGLED with a nylon rope.[A] choked [B] squeezed [C] squashed [D] crushed4. people have RESOLUTELY refused to eat any flesh.[A] strongly [B] determinedly [C] seriously [D] deliberately5. The member of the chamber is not in a SLUMBER.[A] sleep [B] nap [C] doze [D] snore6. He frantically RUMMAGED through the rubble but it turned out to be futile.[A] ran [B] searched [C] scuffled [D] plunged7. My powers flag; I become TORPID.[A] numb [B] senseless [C] sluggish [D] indifferent8. Everything was drained of color and frozen into a TENEBROUS monotony.[A] lazy [B] boring [C] painful [D] dark9. He was invited to preach a sermon which – with much TREPIDATION – he did.[A] hesitation [B] professionalism [C] tremor [D] adroitness 10. He is a great scholar, but his speech became PROLIX.[A] verbose [B] long [C] boring [D] braging

II Choose the right antonyms for the words given in capitals: 11. his NONCHALANT behavior irritates the committee.[A] casual [B] concerned [C] worried [D] dispassionate12. The court has ordered the defence council to produce TANGIBLE evidence.[A] insubstantial [B] sufficient [C] indelible [D] indisputable13. We are expecting you to have ACTIVE participation.[A] torrid [B] tranquil [C] torpid [D] tmesis14. She considers Michael Jackson to be RAUCOUS.[A] gentle [B] fast [C] slow [D] rough15. Some parts of eastern Africa will experience INCLEMENT weather for the next fourty-eight hours due to the presence of the hurricane.[A] soft [B] gentle [C] pleasant [D] dry

III Choose the right one-word substitute for the given phrases from the given list: [A] chichi [B] melee [C] antediluvian [D] slugabed [E] comestible16. suitable for eating17. one who sleeps during late hours18. extremely old19. a hand to hand fight20. affectedly trendy

Exercise 1.1.30

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I Choose the right synonyms: 1. emolument – [A] profit [B] loss [C] benefits [D] recovery2. deprecate – [A] depriciate [B] declain [C] disapprove [D] dejected3. umbrage – [A] supervision [B] shelter [C] sacrifice [D] sharp4. incipient – [A] forerunner [B] participant [C] partner [D] beginner5. dapple – [A] blotch [B] spark [C] strips [D] checks6. pugnacious – [A] aggressive [B] quarrelsome [C] enthusiastic [D] endurer7. capitulate – [A] captivate [B] surrender [C] cover [D] head8. capacious – [A] temporary [B] spasy [C] large [D] unpredictable9. glower – [A] anger [B] stare [C] condemn [D] shine10. canorous – [A] gentle [B] soft [C] melodious [D] meloncholic11. effulgence – [A] aversion [B] splendid [C] effect [D] influence12. assuage – [A] soften [B] smoothen [C] shine [D] decorate13. repast – [A] recover [B] entertinement [C] refreshments [D] recede14. objurgate – [A] disapprove [B] refuse [C] reconsider [D] reproach15. plethora – [A] superabundance [B] vast [C] comprehensive [D] elaborate16. lissom – [A] gullable [B] flexible [C] fragile [D] temporal17. propitious – [A] fanciful [B] favourable [C] ficticious [D] familiar18. cogent – [A] conviction [B] convention [C] strong [D] compel19. regale – [A] assume [B] amaze [C] entertine [D] amused20. Verdant – [A] fresh [B] dry [C] cheap [D] lively

Exercise 1.1.31

I Choose the right synonyms: 1. Aplomb – [A] confidant [B] secret [C] self-confidence [D] multiplicity2. approbation – [A] approval [B] apprehension [C] temparory [D] conceivable3. enthusiasm – [A] bacilli [B] ardor [C] ornate [D] cerement4. scold – [A] calve [B] berate [C] renounce [D] prodigal5. puzzle – [A] coax [B] belittle [C] bewilder [A] annoy6. caustic – [A] sarcastic [B] simple [C] hard [D] sagastic7. chastisement - [A] rebuke [B] punishment [C] apprisiation [D] advise8. collusion – [A] secret [B] concealment [C] agreement [D] warning9. condone – [A] forget [B] forgive [C] sarrow [D] solicit 10. limit – [A] compile [B] compose [C] constrain [D] compel II Choose the right antonyms: 11. love – [A] adore [B] abhor [C] abet [D] clement12. Criticize – [A] accolade [B] chide [C] coax [D] bliss13. modesty – [A] reveal [B] assume [C] conceit [D] compunction14. conflict – [A] confer [B] concur [C] converge [D] conflux 15. sensitive – [A] crass [B] covert [C] cowardice [D] conjoin

Exercise 1.1.32

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I Choose the right synonyms: 1. Lackadaisical – [A] apathetic [B] lethargic [C] lassitude [D] monotonous2. Skulk – [A] deprive [B] hide [C] hinder [D] avoid3. Ostracize – [A] expel [B] exile [C] indict [D] mitigate4. Beholden – [A] overlook [B] obliged [C] permeate [D] reproach5. Precocious – [A] agenesis [B] prematured [C] amelioration [D] anamorphosis6. Legerdemain – [A] trickery [B] bungle [C] muddle [D] obscurity7. Contumely – [A] inurbanity [B] driddle [C] discreet [D] civility8 nefarious – [A] munificent [B] diffident [C] wicked [D] gaudy9. ramifications - [A] consequences [B] solutions [C] aspects [D] dimensions [E] details10. repudiated - [A] discarded [B] dispelled [C] reverted [D] declined [E] denied

II Choose the right antonyms: 11. Flout – [A] ponder [B] perfidy [C] reverence [D] baffle12. Circumlocution – [A] succinct [B] verbiage [C] circumvent [D] pompous13. Potable – [A] indomitable [B] undrinkable [C] indigestible [D] uneatable14. Pusillanimous – [A] courageous [B] contemptuous [C] impecunious [D] impoverished15. Clandestine – [A] proclivity [B] propensity [C] specious [D] transparent

Synonyms & Antonyms – Answer Key

Exercise 1.1.11 A 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 B 6 C 7 A 8 D 9 B 10 C

Exercise 1.1.21 A 2 A 3 A 4 C 5 D 6 A 7 C 8 C 9 A 10 A

Exercise 1.1.31 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 D 7 C 8 B 9 C 10 D Exercise 1.1.41 A 2 A 3 C 4 C 5 A 6 B 7 A 8 A 9 B 10 A

Exercise 1.1.51 A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 A 6 D 7 C 8 B 9 A 10 D

Exercise 1.1.61 C 2 A 3 D 4 A 5 C 6 B 7 D 8 A 9 D 10 C

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Exercise 1.1.71. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. D

Exercise 1.1.81 A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 A 6 D 7 D 8 B 9 B 10 C

Exercise 1.1.91 D 2 C 3 B 4 A 5 D 6 D 7 D 8 D 9 D 10 D

Exercise 1.1.101 A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 D 6 A 7 C 8 D 9 B 10 B

Exercise 1.1.111 A 2 C 3 D 4 C 5 B 6 A 7 D 8 B 9 C 10 D

Exercise 1.1.121 B 2 A 3 D 4 A 5 C 6 B 7 A 8 D 9 C 10 C

Exercise 1.1.131 A 2 C 3 A 4 D 5 A 6 D 7 C 8 B 9 A 10 D

Exercise 1.1.141 A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 A 6 D 7 C 8 B 9 A 10 D 11 B 12 C 13 A 14 B 15 A

Exercise 1.1.151 A 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 A 7 B 8 D 9 B 10 B 11 B 12 B 13 A 14 C 15 D

Exercise 1.1.161 A 2 D 3 B 4 A 5 C 6 B 7 A 8 B 9 A 10 C 11 B 12 A 13 D 14 A 15 B

Exercise 1.1.171. A 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. B 21. A 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. A

Exercise 1.1.18

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1 B 2 A 3 B 4 D 5 A 6 D 7 C 8 B 9 A 10 D

Exercise 1.1.191 C 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 B 6 B 7 B 8 A 9 D 10 D

Exercise 1.1.201 B 2 D 3 C 4 D 5 B 6 D 7 B 8 C 9 A 10 A

Exercise 1.1.211 B 2 B 3 C 4 A 5 D 6 B 7 B 8 C 9 A 10 D

Exercise 1.1.221 A 2 C 3 C 4 B 5 D 6 B 7 B 8 A 9 C 10 A 11 C 12 D 13 C 14 B 15 B

Exercise 1.1.231 C 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 D 6 C 7 D 8 A 9 B 10 C

Exercise 1.1.241 C 2 D 3 D 4 C 5 B 6 A 7 A 8 B 9 B 10 C 11 C 12 D 13 D 14 A 15 A

Exercise 1.1.251 A 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 A 6 A 7 C 8 A 9 B 10 B 11 B 12 D 13 D 14 C 15 D 16 A 17 A 18 B 19 C 20 D 21 C 22 B 23 D 24 A 25 C 26 D 27 B 28 C 29 C 30 D

Exercise 1.1.261 A 2 B 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 B 7 C 8 D 9 A 10 B

Exercise 1.1.271 C 2 B 3 B 4 D 5 A 6 B 7 B 8 A 9 D 10 C 11 B 12 A 13 B 14 B 15 A

Exercise 1.1.281 A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 E 6 A 7 B 8 C 9 D 10 E

Exercise 1.1.29

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1 A 2 D 3 A 4 B 5 B 6 B 7 C 8 D 9 C 10 A 11 B 12 A 13 C 14 A 15 C 16 E 17 D 18 C 19 B 20 A

Exercise 1.1.301 A 2 C 3 B 4 D 5 A 6 A 7 B 8 B 9 B 10 C 11 B 12 A 13 C 14 A 15 A 16 B 17 B 18 A 19 C 20 A

Exercise 1.1.311 C 2 A 3 B 4 B 5 C 6 A 7 B 8 C 9 B 10 C 11 B 12 A 13 C 14 B 15 A

Exercise 1.1.321 A 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 B 6 A 7 A 8 C 9 A 10 A 11 C 12 A 13 B 14 A 15 D

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