11.0 Road Safety-Audits

7/27/2019 11.0 Road Safety-Audits

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Lecture 11: Road Safety Audit

TR 320 Highway Geometric Design

(A Two Unit Course)


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Objective of the Lecture

Lecturer:To introduce the concept and

practice of road safety audit

The learner should be able to:

Define RSA, State the benefits of

RSA, Outline the procedure and carry

out road safety audit for a roadproject using appropriate checklists

2TR 320 Lecture 11: Road Safety Audit


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1) Background: Traditional

Identification of Hazardous Locations

The process is also known as black-spot

identification and treatment

Steps of the process

1. Data collection: Accident, Traffic

volume, etc

2. Analysis - Identification HRL

(ranked accident clusters)


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3) Diagnosis contributing factors

subject to correction

4) Priority ranking value for money

5) Implementation6) Evaluation

See: TRL Towards Safer Roads (1991)

Chapter 6


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TR 320 Lecture 11: Road Safety Audit 5


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Common practice and caution

Black spots then routes then localities (area-

wide treatment)

A HRL is identified in relationship with a

reference population

Treatment of one HRL may simply result in

migration to next/nearby location e.g.

treatment of intersection or a sharp curve


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Disadvantages of the approach

Based on accident reduction throughimplementation of remedial measures at

sites/locations with high frequency of

accidents. Before treatment three to four years

observation after opening to traffic is

necessary.

Loss of life and property is therefore

inevitable!

Costs of treatment/modifying the facility.


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A formal process and not an informal

check, An independent process,

Carried out by someone with

appropriate experience and training,

and

Restricted to road safety issues.


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RSA Objectives

To identify potential road safety

problems for road users and others

affected by the road/traffic project To ensure that measures to eliminate

or reduce the problems are

considered.


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RSA aims/benefits/advantages

To minimize risk of road accidents on the roadproject or nearby network.

Minimize the need for remedial work after

construction. Reduce the whole life costs of the project.

Increase the awareness of safer roads design

practices by professional involved in theplanning, design, construction, operation andmaintenance of roads.


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Two outcomes of RSA

Remove accident producing elements e.g.

inappropriate intersection layouts/types at

the planning or design stage.

Mitigating the effects of remaining/existing

problems by deploying safety features like skid

resistance surfaces, fragile poles for road

furniture, intense delineation, etc.


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3. At what project stage is RSA

Applicable?

1) Feasibility Route location

2) Preliminary design

3) Detailed design4) Pre-opening

5) Existing roads


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4. What is the Focus of RSA at each

Project Stage?

1) Feasibility: RSA can influence

Project scope

Route choice

Selection of design standard

Impact on existing road network

Provision of intersections/interchanges

Access control

Number of lanes


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2) Preliminary Design

Alignment Intersection layout and sight lines

Lane and shoulder width

Cross fall and superelevation Departure from standards

Provision for NMT

Provision for parked/broken down vehicles Safety during construction


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3) Detailed design -Undertaken at the end of

detailed design before the preparation oftender documents:

Application of Road Furniture: TCD, Road lighting,guard fencing

Intersection details Clearance to roadside objects

Needs of All road users (disabled, NMT, Heavytrucks, school children)

TM during construction

Landscaping


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4) Pre-opening

Immediately before opening to traffic and

involves driving and walking through the newroad

Check that the safety features for all road usersare adequate

May involve both day and night time inspection,wet and dry conditions

Check that the safety features specified were

actually constructed and are adequate. Were any variations carried out and are they OK?


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5) Existing Roads

Systematic Examination of Existing roads

Check adequacy of the Road, its furniture and the

roadside from an explicit road safety point of view. May be applied after a road subject to RSA is

opened to traffic for some time or to any existingroad not having to wait for clear HRL

identification but responding perhaps to nearmisses or road user complaint


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5. The RSA Process

Key elements:

Management Commitment

Agreed RSA Process

An independent Auditor/Audit Team

A set of checklists

Training and development of expertise

Monitoring and Evaluation


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5.1 Commitment

Should be seen as part of organisations

commitment to total quality management

process.

In Tanzania it is Required by the Roads Act

2007


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5.2 The Process / Organisation

Designated procedure for acting on the RSArecommendations

Appoint independent RSA team with specialist

Road Safety engineering knowledge Formal documenting and reporting of the RSA

findings for each stage

The RSA team should give reasons for eachrecommendation


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Designer rejecting audit advice should give

reason

Provision for arbitration should be made

Awareness of possible litigation if there are

subsequent failure

Th t


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RSA Steps


The steps Responsibility of:

Implement changes

Final Audit Record

Client (Project manager)

Client and Designerand Audit Team

Client and Designerand Audit Team

Initiate the audit

Provide information

Commencement meeting

Study the plans- visit the site

Undertake the audit

Completion meeting

Decide on response

Write the audit report

Designer

Audit Team

Audit Team

Audit Team

Client

Client

Client and Designer


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5.3 RSA Checklists

RSA expected to use checklists/prompts

List provide a set of potential issues and

problems that can arise at each project stage

Examples can be found in IHT 1990 guidelines

and Austroads 1994 RSA Manual

Also PC based checklists are available


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Helps not to overlook a problem

Those undertaking the audit must have

knowledge and expertise! The checklists do

not substitute for this. Table 15.1 offers a

summary of road safety engineering

Covers inspection of drawings and site visits.


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The RSA Report See format in the guidelines


Checkl is t for audit reports

Introduction details of:

who requested the audit

names of persons in the audit team

drawings and documents submitted

constraints, e.g., no signing plans available

when the audit was done date and time of site visits

dates of meetingsthe technical terms used in the report

Safety concerns regarding general aspects of the design such as design

speed, cross-section, superelevation, speed management, signing, etc.

Safety concerns regarding features at specific locations, such as anawkward bend, or a dangerous junction.

Concluding section

The audit team leader should sign and date the report.


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5.4 Training and Development of

Expertise

Accident investigation

Expertise in road safety engineering principles

and practice

Knowledge of Highway design and experience

Experience in RSA procedure raise discussion

on pertinent issues


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5.5 Monitoring and Evaluation

Aim is to Provides inputs for effectiveness and

Efficiency:

Effectiveness of the system (procedures and

problems encountered)

Critical appraisal of the checklists and their

use

Evaluation of resources by type of scheme and

stage


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5.6 Liability

Legal issues.

What will happen if a safety feature

recommended by the RSA was not implemented

and latter accidents due to the omission occur?


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6.0 Last words

Costs for RSA have been shown to be far lesscompared to traditional HRL treatments.

RSA have additional benefit of raising

awareness and knowledge of safety among allinvolved in development of road projects.

RSA should be practiced by all road authorities

Date post:	14-Apr-2018
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