112-UMTS.ppt

Mobile Communication SystemMobile Communication System

23/4/111

UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service


Reviews of GPRS• Standardization of GPRS was important cornerstone for the

development of UMTS network

– GPRS defines an add-on for data services within the GSM networks - packet orientated approach to data switching

– Allocation of channels request-driven

– Todays bandwidth of 53.6 kbit/s (4 full rate traffic channels à 13.4 kbit/s), up to 107.2 kbit/s with 8 channels

– GPRS usually operates asynchronous with more bandwidth for downstream than for upstream

• GPRS bases on an additional infrastructure: GSN – GPRS Support Nodes as an extension to GSM

– SGSN (Serving GSN), GGSN (Gateway GSN)

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Reviews of GPRS

• Main GSM components, like MSC, VLR and HLR used for GPRS too, additional infrastructure: GSN – GPRS Support Nodes

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Why 3G?• Higher bandwidth enables a range of new applications!

• For the consumer

– Video streaming, TV broadcast

– Video calls, video clips – news, music, sports

– Enhanced gaming, chat, location services…

• For business

– High speed teleworking / VPN access

– Video conferencing

– Real-time financial information

423/4/11


From GSM to 3G mobile networks

• The short comings of GSM led to the development of a next generation mobile network

– The new network

• Should use the scarce resources of the shared medium “air” more efficiently

• Should be really international (GSM had a primarily scope on Europe first)

– Much higher data rates should be offered with reduced delays

– Provide Internet oriented services

• Preferring the packet orientated approach over the circuit switched one – data services play an increasing role in mobility and voice could be just seen as data too.

523/4/11


Introduction to UMTS

• UMTS as the world wide 3G mobile standard

– Network architecture and interfaces

– User equipment and USIM (User Services Identity Module)

– Core network functionality and protocols (packet switched and circuit switched domain)

– UTRAN – UTMS radio network subsystem

• RNS, RNC, Node-B

• Network based and connection based functions

• Power control and handoff control

• Authentication and security

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23/4/117

IMT2000 and UMTS

• International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defined demands for third generation mobile networks with the IMT-2000 standard

– 3GPP (3G Partnership Project) continued that work by defining a mobile system that fulfills the IMT-2000 standard

– Resulting system is called Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)

– Release '99 defined the bearer services with 64 kbit/s circuit switched and up to 384 kbit/s packet switched data rates

– Location services and call services were defined: GSM-compatibility should be offered, the authentication and security will be upgraded to USIM.


Evolutions of UMTS

• Several different paths from 2G to 3G defined

– In Europe the main path starts from GSM when GPRS was added to the system

– In North America the system evolution will start from TDMA going to EDGE and from there to UMTS

• In Japan two different 3G standards used

– W-CDMA by NTT DoCoMo, Vodafone KK, and by new entrants

– cdma2000 (not compatible to European standards) which is very successfully used by KDDI

– Transition to 3G was largely completed in Japan during 2005/2006

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Features of UMTS

• UMTS system bases on layered services, like IP

– Top is the services layer, which will give advantages like fast deployment of services and centralized location

– In the middle layer is control layer, which will help upgrading procedures and allow the capacity of the network to be dynamically allocated

– Bottom layer is handled by the connectivity layer where any transmission technology can be used and the voice traffic will transfer over ATM/AAL2 or IP/RTP

• UTMS will converge the mobile phone networks towards the IP world

– Using IP in UMTS might push the IP world toward IPv6, because there will be a huge number of mobile phone subscribers

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UMTS – history and planned standards

• Requirements toward a 3G standard– Fully specified and world-widely valid

– Major interfaces should be standardized and open• Services must be independent from radio access technology and is

not limited by the network infrastructure• Support of multimedia content and all of its components

• Convergence of existing networks

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• Specific GPRS network elements are reused in 3G specification– Reuse of operation and management components of GSM

– Reuse of packetized data services infrastructure of GPRS

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• February 1995 UMTS Task Force established; • December 1996 The UMTS Forum established. "European"

WCDMA standard known as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)

• June 1997 UMTS Forum produces first report: "A regulatory Framework for UMTS"

• October 1997 ERC decided on UMTS core band.• January 1998 ETSI meeting: W-CDMA and TD-CDMA proposals

combined to UMTS air interface specification• June 1998 Terrestrial air interface proposals (UTRAN, WCDMA,

CDMA2000, EDGE, EP-DECT, TD-SCDMA) were handed into ITU-R

• 3GPP Release ‘99

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• December 1999 in Nice ETSI Standardization finished for UMTS Release 1999 specifications both for FDD and TDD

• March 2001 in Palm Springs 3GPP approves UMTS Release 4 specification

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UMTS – history and planned standards• Release 5 specifies an “All IP standard”

– Streaming services (fast handoff)

– Seamless UMTS/WLAN integration, inter-working

– Push-to-Talk over cellular

– Presence for chat, instant messaging, ...

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• Release 6

– Extended location based services (LBS), with built in anonymization

– Packet switches streaming services, with adaptation to available network resources (GPRS, UTMS, WLAN)

– DRM(Digital Rights Management)

– Charging Management Framework (for extended payment systems)

• Today, 3GPP is now working on Long Term Evolution (LTE), which will build on UMTS, as the Industry looks beyond 3G or 4G. (to Release 10)

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UMTS Domains and Interfaces

• UTMS network architecture has several similarities to GSM, but you will find different names for some components

• Several interfaces and domain are defined

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User EquipmentDomain

AccessNetworkDomain

CoreNetworkDomain

InfrastructureDomain

Cu

MobileEquipmentDomain

USIMDomain

HomeNetworkDomain

TransitNetworkDomain

Uu Iu

[Zu]

[Yu]

ServingNetworkDomain

TE

MTRadio Access

E2E Applications

•Radio Resource Mgmt•Core Network Access

•Routes Calls/Data E2E•Local Services

•Subscription Mgmt•Home Services

•Data transport to remote party•Non-user specific information


23/4/1117

UMTS Network Architecture

SD

Mobile Station

MSC/VLR

Base StationSubsystem

GMSC

Network Subsystem

AUCEIR HLR

Other Networks

Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.

GGSNSGSN

BTS BSC

NodeB

RNC

RNS

UTRAN

SIM ME

USIMME

+

PSTN

PLMN

Internet


23/4/1118

UMTS Network Protocol

L1

RLC

PDCP

MAC

E.g., IP,PPP

Application

L1

RLC

PDCP

MAC

ATM

UDP/IP

GTP-U

AAL5

Relay

L1

UDP/IP

L2

GTP-U

E.g., IP,PPP

3G-SGSNUTRANMS

Iu-PSUu Gn Gi

3G-GGSN

ATM

UDP/IP

GTP-U

AAL5

L1

UDP/IP

GTP-U

L2

Relay

Relay

NetworkService

GTP-U

Application

IP

SNDCP

LLC

RLC

MAC

GSM RF

SNDCP

LLC

BSSGP

L1bis

RLC

MAC

GSM RF

BSSGP

L1bis

Relay

L2

L1

IP

L2

L1

IP

GTP-U

IP

Um Gb Gn GiMS BSS SGSN GGSN

NetworkService

UDPUDP

GPRS

UMTS


23/4/1119

UMTS Domains

• UMTS network architecture consists of three domains:

– Core Network (CN) : To provide switching, routing and transit for user traffic.

– UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) : Provides the air interface access method for User Equipment.

– User Equipment (UE) : Terminals work as air interface counterpart for Node-B. The various identities are: IMSI, TMSI, P-TMSI, MSISDN, IMEI, …


23/4/1120

UMTS UE Domain

• User Equipment Domain handles the access of the user onto the UMTS services

• USIM – User Services Identity Module– Extended SIM functionality(e-Wallet, e-Ticket, …)

– Functions for user identification, authentication and encryption

– Integrated into SIM card

– Most recent Mobile Equipment can handle both SIM and USIM

• Mobile Equipment Domain responsible for air interface

– User interface for end-to-end connections


23/4/1121

UMTS CN Domain

• CN infrastructure consists of

– Serving network domain – network which actually provides the user access

– Home network domain – functionality and information which is independent of actual user location

– Transit network domain – infrastructure between several network components, different kind of networks and different network providers, operators


23/4/1122

UMTS CN Domain

• CN infrastructure split into two logical networks

– Both may serve the two different radio networks via either BSC or RNS

– Circuit switched domain (CSD)

• IuCS interface

• Traditional circuit switched data connection and signaling

• Resource reservation on connection setup

• GSM components (MSC, GMSC, HLR, VLR, EIR, ...)


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UMTS CN Domain

– Packet switched domain (PSD)

• Iu PS interface

• Packet orientated services

• GPRS components (SGSN, GGSN)


23/4/1124

UMTS UTRAN Domain

• UTRAN (UTRA network) is the UMTS transceiver radio interface network part

– Manages mobility on cell level – handoff decision

– Composed of several Radio Network Subsystems (RNS) connected to the Core Network through the I

u interface

• Every Radio Network Subsystem is managed by Radio Network Controller (RNC)– RNC also handles radio resource management (RRM) operations

• RNC is responsible for the local handoff process and the combining/multicasting functions related to macro diversity between different Node-Bs


23/4/1125

UMTS UTRAN Domain

• Wide band CDMA technology is selected for UTRAN air interface.

• Base Station is referred to as Node-B and Radio Network Controller (RNC).

– Functions of Node-B are:

• Air Interface Tx/Rx

• Modulation / Demodulation

– Functions of RNC are:

• Radio Resource Control

• Channel Allocation

• Power Control Settings

• Handoff Control

• Ciphering

• Segmentation and Reassembly

RNC

Iub

Node BNode B

Iub

Cells

Iu

RNS

IurIur


23/4/1126

UMTS UTRAN Domain

• RNSs can be directly interconnected through the I

ur interface

(interconnection of the RNCs)

• Node-B may contain a single BTS or more than one (typically 3) controlled by a site controller


23/4/1127

UMTS UTRAN Domain

• UTRAN functions

– Controls cell capacity and interference in order to provide an optimal utilization of the wireless interface resources

– Includes algorithms for Power Control, Handoff, Packet Scheduling, Call Admission Control and Load Control

– Encryption of the radio channel

– Congestion control to handle situations of network overload

– System information broadcasting

– Micro and macro diversity


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UMTS UTRAN Domain

• Network based functions– Packet Scheduling

• Controls the UMTS packet access• Handles all non real time traffic, (packet data users)• Decides when a packet transmission is initiated and the bit rate to

be used

– Load Control• Ensures system stability and that the network does not enter an

overload state

– Admission control to avoid network overload• Decides whether or not a call is allowed to generate traffic in the

network


23/4/1129

UMTS UTRAN Domain• Connection based functions

– Power Control• Manages radio link quality - Uplink is handled per mobile (UE),

downlink per physical channel• Ensures that transmission powers are kept at a minimum level and

that there is adequate signal quality and level at the receiving end

– Handoff • Guarantees user mobility in a mobile communications network• SRNS (Serving RNS) relocation


23/4/1130

UMTS Network - Handoff• UMTS provides several handoff procedures

– Intra Node-B handoff (softer handoff)– Inter Node-B handoff, inter-frequency, intra-frequency (hard and

soft)– Inter RNC – Inter MSC– Inter SGSN– Inter System (UMTS - GSM)

• Hard Handoff– Connection to a Node-B is destroyed before a new one (to an

other Node-B is started)


23/4/1131

UMTS Network - Handoff• Soft Handoff

– A MS is in the overlapping coverage of 2 different base stations (Node-B)

– Concurrent communication via 2 air interface channels• Softer Handoff

– A MS is in the overlapping coverage of 2 sectors of a base station


23/4/1132

UTRAN – Base Stations (Node-B)

• Base Station – Node-B

– Mainly handles physical layer tasks

– Main task of node B is to establish the physical implementation of the U

u interface (communication with the UE) and the

implementation of Iub

interface (Communication with the RNC)

– Providing the Uu interface means that the Base Station

implements WCDMA radio access Physical Channels and transfer information from Transport Channels to the Physical Channels based on arrangements determined by the RNC

– The term Physical Channels means different kinds of bandwidth allocated for different purposes over U

u interface


23/4/1133

UMTS - Air Interface

• UTMS uses Wideband CDMA on two different duplex mechanisms

• CDMA allows frequency reuse factor of 1 (GSM 4, 7,.., 18)– 5MHz Bandwidth allows multipath diversity using “Rake

Receiver”

– Variable Spreading Factor (VSF) to offer Bandwidth on Demand (BoD) up to 2MHz

– Fast (1.5kHz) Power Control for Optimal Interference Reduction


23/4/1134

UMTS – Rake Receiver• Radio receiver designed to counter the effects of multipath fading

– Multipath fading is a common problem in wireless networks especially in urban areas

– Rake receiver commonly used in a wide variety of CDMA and W-CDMA radio devices

– Uses several "sub-receivers" each delayed slightly in order to tune in to the individual multipath components

– Each component decoded independently, but at a later stage combined in order to make the most use of the different transmission characteristics of each path

– Results in higher Signal-to-noise in a multipath environment than in a "clean" environment


23/4/1135

UMTS – Macro Diversity

• Another way to increase connection quality and reliability is macro diversity– Same data stream is sent over different

physical channels

– Uplink – UE sends its data to different Node-B

– Data stream is reassembled, reconstructed in Node-B, SRNC or NC

– Downlink – receiving same data from different cells on different spread codes


23/4/1136


• UMTS FDD (Frequency Division Duplex)

– Uplink: 1920 - 1980 MHz

– Downlink: 2110 - 2170 MHz

– 190 MHz duplex distance

– 5MHz (variable) carrier spacing (DS CDMA – Direct Sequence CDMA)

– 12 bands in uplink & downlink


23/4/1137


• UMTS TDD (Time Division Duplex)• Uplink & Downlink: 1900 - 1920 MHz and 2020 - 2025 MHz

– 5 carriers in total, 15 timeslots per frame

– a user may use one or several timeslots

– a timeslot can be assigned to either uplink or downlink


23/4/1138

UMTS – Cell Breathing

• Advantages of UMTS W-CDMA

– Power Control - solves the near-far problem

• Soft capacity, dynamic cell sizes

– Different to GSM, where

• fixed cell size

• Number of logged in users has no influence on cell size

• In UMTS cell size is tightly interrelated with its capacity

– Size depends on signal/noise ratio because of both maximum TX power and number of active users (interference in the same cell through other users and with other cells) which results in cell breathing


23/4/1139

Differences of GSM and WCDMA


23/4/1140

Introduction to NGNs

• NGNs are structured, and are separated into functional planes, that include:

– Access

– Transport & switching

– Control & intelligence

– and service (application)

• Layers are independent - they can be modified or upgraded regardless of other functional layers.


23/4/1141

NGNs Architecture

UMTS

IP Core

AccessAccess

Access

GSM/EDGE

WiFi/WiMax

xDSLPSTN / ISDN

Broadcast

Content and Services

Servers ...


23/4/1142

NGN Related Standard Organizations

Mobile Mobile

IPIP

ResidentialResidential

Wireline Access to IMS

PoCPoC MessaginMessagingg

GLMSGLMS MultimediaMultimediaTelephonyTelephony

Cellular Access to IMS

PresencePresenceCSICSI

WLAN Access to IMS

VCCVCC MultimediaMultimediaTelephonyTelephony

MultimediaMultimediaTelephonyTelephony


IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

23/4/1143

• IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is an architectural framework for delivering Internet Protocol(IP) multimedia services.

• It was originally designed by the wireless standards body 3GPP, as a part of the vision for evolving mobile networks beyond GSM. Its original formulation (3GPP R5)

• This vision was later updated by 3GPP, 3GPP2 and TISPAN by requiring support of networks other than GPRS, such as UMTS, WLAN, and fixed line.


IMS Architecture

23/4/1144


New Functional Entities for IMS

• Call State Control Function (CSCF) executes the call control. It is based on the IETF Session Initiation Protocol (SIP).

• Media Gateway (MGW) provides an inter-connection from GGSN to legacy circuit-switched networks such as PSTN.

• Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF) controls the MGW.

• Media Resource Function (MRF) performs multiparty call and multimedia conferencing functions.

• Signalling Gateway (SGW) performs signalling conversion to/from mobile signalling network.

• Home Subscriber Server (HSS) is an evolved HLR.

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Integrated Service in NGN

4623/4/11

• What have 3G operators to offer Service Providers?

• 3rd party involvement of Internet based service providers seen as essential for growth

Core Network

RAN

“Basic” Services

MSUMTS

Offered: •Large customer base!•IP connectivity•Controlled QoS (MM apps etc.)•User location (geographic, network)•Global Mobility and Roaming•Security•Application based charging•VPN access

In return:•Rich internet content•Faster application development•Rich customers via other ISPs (accesses)

Internet

Service &Applicationproviders

• Expected to give fast and cheap development for 3G applications!


Open Service Access(OSA)

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framework User Location Call control

HLR CSE WGWWPP

Servers

E.g. Location server MExE server SAT server

Service capability server(s)

Interfaceclass

OSA API

OpenServiceAccess

discovery Application

Applicationserver

OSA internal API

• Open, standardized API for 3rd party application developers– Developed in the Parlay group

• “Exports” typical Mobile Network Functionality– Call control, UMTS QoS

– User location, Terminal capabilities

– Content based charging


23/4/1148

Road to 4G

HSPA1 WiMAX

Parameter Rel-7 Rel-8 Rel 1.5

Frequency 2000 MHz 2500 MHz

Duplex FDD FDD TDD

Channel BW 2 x 5 MHz 2 x 5 MHz 10 MHz

BS Antenna (1x2) SIMO (2x2) MIMO (2x2) MIMO

MS Antenna (1x2) SIMO (1x2) SIMO

DL Mod-Coding2 64QAM-5/6 16QAM-3/4 64QAM-5/6 64QAM-5/6 64QAM-5/6

UL Mod-Coding2 16QAM-3/4 64QAM-5/6 64QAM-5/6

DL Peak User Rate 17.5 Mbps 21 Mbps 35 Mbps 36 Mbps 48 Mbps3

UL Peak User Rate 8.3 Mbps 8.3 Mbps 8.3 Mbps 17 Mbps 24 Mbps4

• Mobile WiMAX(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) and HSPA+


3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)

• 3GPP (LTE) is Adopting: – OFDMA in DL with 64QAM

– All IP e2e Network

– Channel BWs up to 20 MHz

– Both TDD and FDD profiles

– Flexible Access Network

– Advanced Antenna Technologies

• LTE is adopting technology & features already available with Mobile WiMAX– similar long-term performance benefits and trade-offs

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3GPP LTE & Mobile WiMAX Timeline

23/4/1150

Mobile WiMAX time to market

advantage

IMT-Advanced

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

CDMA-Based OFDMA-Based

Mobile WiMAX

Rel 1.0802.16e-2005

Rel 1.5802.16e Rev 2

Rel 2.0802.16m

IP e2e Network

LTE & LTE Advanced

IP e2e Network

3GPP

HSPA+Rel-7 & Rel-8

Ckt Switched Network

HSPARel-6


Summary

• Review of GPRS

• UMTS– History

– Domains(UE, UTRAN, CN), Interfaces, Protocols

– Handoff, Rake receiver, Micro diversity, Cell breathing

• Introductions to NGN– IMS

– OSA

• Road to 4G– LTE and WiMAX

5123/4/11

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