114572392-MC12 AP GOV

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CHAPTER 10

The Media

0MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Type: Factual

Ans: D

Page: 251

10. The text describes as a lovehate relationship the interactions

bet!een

a0. the "edia and the public. b0. reporters and editors.

c0. politicians and editors.

d0. politicians and the "edia.

e0. reporters and producers.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: $

Page: 251

20. The relationship bet!een public o%%icials and the "edia can best be

described as one o%

a0. antagonis".

b0. dependency.

c0. rivalry.

d0. benevolence.

e0. lovehate.

Type: Factual

Ans: A

Page: 251

&0. 'n recent years the relationship bet!een the "edia and govern"ento%%icials has beco"e

a0. "ore adversarial.

b0. "ore "utually supportive.

c0. less interdependent.

d0. "ore controlled.

e0. "ore consistent.

Type: FactualAns: #

Page: 252

(0. A study o% ninety%our countries revealed that in only )))))))) did

the "edia en*oy a high degree o% political %reedo".

a0. one

b0. eight

c0. sixteen

d0. t!enty%ivee0. %i%ty

Type: Factual

Ans: D

Page: 252

50. 'n general+ the ,nited -tates places )))))))) restrictions on its

"edia than either France or reat /ritain.

a0. "any "ore

b0. slightly "ore

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50 Chapter 10: The Media

c0. about the sa"e nu"ber o%

d0. %e!er

e0. "ore signi%icant

Type: FactualAns: #

Page: 252

0. The chances o% public o%%icials in reat /ritain success%ully suing

*ournalists !ho libel the" in public are

a0. about the sa"e as in the ,nited -tates.

b0. considerably less than in the ,nited -tates.

c0. considerably greater than in the ,nited -tates.d0. nonexistent.

e0. not generally no!n.

Type: Factual

Ans: /

Page: 252

0. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing state"ents about the Freedo" o% 'n%or"ation

Act is true4

a0. 't helps protect ,.-. security. b0. 't virtually guarantees that so"e secrets !ill get out.

c0. 't places tighter restrictions on "edia in the ,nited -tates than

in other countries.

d0. 't !as ruled unconstitutional by the -upre"e #ourt in 16.

e0. 't violates several other congressional statutes and codes.

Type: Factual

Ans: #

Page: 252

60. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing virtually guarantees that nonstrategic

in%or"ation !ill beco"e public record4

a0. the 7%%icial -ecrets Act

b0. the ,.-. overn"ent Printing 7%%ice

c0. the Freedo" o% 'n%or"ation Act

d0. the -upre"e #ourt case o% United States v. Nixon

e0. A and /.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: $Page: 252

0. 7ne %actor that explains the greater %reedo" en*oyed by ,.-. radio

and television stations+ co"pared to those in France+ is that

a0. French radio and television stations "ust earn a pro%it.

b0. France has an 7%%icial -ecrets Act that allo!s it to punish those

!ho divulge sensitive in%or"ation.

c0. the -upre"e #ourt has declared all la!s regulating the "edia

as unconstitutional.

d0. the ,.-. %ederal govern"ent does not i"pose rules on broadcasters.

e0. ,.-. radio and television stations are privately o!ned.

Type: #onceptualAns: A

Page: 252

100. #o"pared !ith the early years o% the republic+ the po!er and

autono"y o% ne!spaper editors and reporters in the ,nited -tates

today is

a0. greater.

b0. about the sa"e.

c0. less.

d0. supre"e.

e0. insigni%icant.


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Chapter 10: The Media 51

Type: Factual

Ans: $

Page: 252

110. The pheno"enon o% ne!spapers being %inanced by political partiesand politicians developed

a0. only in recent years.

b0. throughout "ost o% the t!entieth century.

c0. a%ter the #ivil 3ar.

d0. during the reat Depression.e0. in the early days o% the republic.

Type: FactualAns: #

Page: 252

120. 'n the early years o% the republic+ ne!spapers !ere %inancially

supported by

a0. advertising.

b0. pay"ents %ro" the Associated Press.

c0. subsidies %ro" political parties and politicians.

d0. "ass circulation.

e0. religious clubs and organi8ations.

Type: Factual

Ans: /

Page: 25&

1&0. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing state"ents about ne!spapers during the earlyyears o% the republic is true4

a0. They !ere cheaper than today.

b0. They !ere highly partisan.

c0. They !ere supported by paid advertising.d0. They !ere avidly read by both the elite and the "asses.

e0. They !ere generally ob*ective.

Type: Factual

Ans: /

Page: 252

1(0. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing state"ents about ne!spapers during the early

years o% the republic is true4

a0. They !ere bipartisan.

b0. They !ere "ore expensive than today.c0. They !ere supported by paid advertising.

d0. They !ere avidly read by both the elite and the "asses.

e0. They !ere %air and balanced in reporting.

Type: Factual

Ans: D

Page: 252

150. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing state"ents about ne!spapers during the early

years o% the republic is true4

a0. They !ere less expensive than today.

b0. They !ere nonpartisan.

c0. They !ere supported by paid advertising.

d0. They !ere read "ostly by a s"all elite.

e0. They !ere %air and balanced in reporting.

Type: Factual

Ans: $

Page: 252

10. 'n the era o% the party press+ readers consisted o%

a0. citi8ens %ro" all !als o% li%e.

b0. %ar"ers.

c0. govern"ent e"ployees and o%%icials.

d0. i""igrants.

e0. a s"all nu"ber o% !elleducated people.


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Type: #onceptual

Ans: A

Page: 25(

10. An i"portant %actor in the develop"ent o% less partisan ne!spapersin the nineteenth century !as the gro!th o%

a0. paid advertising+ !hich reduced the need %or party subsidies.

b0. political patronage+ !hich contributed needed %unds to editors.

c0. a large rural population+ !hich balanced the urban bias o%

ne!spapers.d0. govern"ent subsidies+ !hich gave editors a strong %inancial

base.

e0. -upre"e #ourt rulings !hich involved charges o% libel.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: /

Page: 25(

160. #hanges in ,.-. politics have occurred at the sa"e ti"e as changes

in the organi8ation and technology o% the "edia. This see"s to

suggest that

a0. the nature o% *ournalis" dictates the nature o% politics.

b0. politics !ill respond to changes in ho! co""unication iscarried on.

c0. the technology o% *ournalis" responds to changes in politics.

d0. *ournalis" is "ore i"portant than politics in deter"ining ho!the govern"ent !ill operate.

e0. the nature o% politics dictates the nature o% *ournalis".

Type: Factual

Ans: #

Page: 25(

10. An innovative ne!s establish"ent set up in 1(6 to provide

syste"atic disse"ination o% ne!s to publications o% di%%erent political persuasions !as the

a0. ticer tape.

b0. Pony $xpress.

c0. Associated Press.

d0. Washington Globe.

e0. 9iders #lub.

Type: #onceptualAns: D

Page: 25(

200. ;e!s coverage by the Associated Press had to be nonpartisan

because

a0. its %unding ca"e %ro" the %ederal govern"ent.

b0. its reporters< standards !ere highly pro%essional.

c0. govern"ent regulations re=uired it.d0. it served papers o% various political hues.

e0. its "anagers held the parties in conte"pt.

Type: Factual

Ans: #

Page: 25(

210. 3illia" 9andolph >earst used his ne!spapers to push the ,nited

-tates into a !ar against

a0. reat /ritain. b0. er"any.

c0. -pain.d0. ;icaragua.

e0. ?ietna".

Type: Factual

Ans: A220. A !ar bet!een the ,nited -tates and -pain !as %o"ented by the


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Page: 25( publisher

a0. 3illia" 9andolph >earst.

b0. 9upert @urdoch.

c0. $ugene Pullia".

d0. Theodore oeb.

e0. #hristopher Donnell.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: $Page: 25(

2&0. The need %or sensationalist *ournalis" died out due to the "iddle

class de"and %or re%or"+ the ter"ination o% circulation !ars+ and the

a0. expansion o% the nation.

b0. end o% Prohibition.

c0. end o% gang !ar%are.

d0. rise in libel suits.

e0. gro!ing education o% the readers.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: A

Page: 25(

2(0. For all their excesses+ the sensationalist "ass ne!spapers o% the late

nineteenth century e%%ected several i"portant changes in the press+including

a0. %reeing the press %ro" govern"ent control.

b0. encouraging cultural diversity in ,.-. society.

c0. li"iting the role o% technology in *ournalis".d0. giving greater po!er to a social elite.

e0. giving greater po!er to a political elite.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: A

Page: 25(

250. For all their excesses+ the sensationalist "ass ne!spapers o% the late

nineteenth century e%%ected several i"portant changes in the press+

including

a0. de"onstrating ho! pro%itable criticis" o% govern"ent could be.

b0. encouraging cultural and political diversity in ,.-. society.

c0. li"iting the role o% technology in *ournalis".

d0. giving greater po!er to a social elite.

e0. giving greater po!er to a political elite.

Type: Factual

Ans: #

Page: 25(

20. The ter" yellow journalism !as coined to describe "ediasensationalis" in !hat era4

a0. the early days o% the republic

b0. the ti"e o% the #ivil 3ar

c0. the turn o% the century

d0. post3orld 3ar ''e0. the reat Depression

Type: FactualAns: $

Page: 255

20. The era o% "ass ne!spapers in the second hal% o% the last century

signaled the beginning o%

a0. un%iltered ne!s coverage.

b0. the scoreeeping %unction o% the "edia.

c0. national interestgroup reorgani8ation.


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d0. the !atchdog %unction o% the "edia.

e0. "ass politics and a large electorate.

Type: Factual

Ans: #Page: 255

260. A"ong the "aga8ines that %irst presented publicpolicy issues in the

"id1600s !ere all o% the %ollo!ing except

a0. Nation.

b0. Atlantic Monthly.

c0. Saturday Evening ost .

d0. !arper"s.e0. Mc#lure$s%

Type: Factual

Ans: D

Page: 255

20. Nation& Atlantic Monthly& and !arper"s !ere

a0. "asscirculation "aga8ines %ounded in the early 100s.

b0. "aga8ines speciali8ing in yello! *ournalis" in the "id1600s.

c0. ne!spapers sponsored by the political parties o% the early1600s.

d0. the %irst "aga8ines to present public policy in the "id1600s.

e0. ne!spapers speciali8ing in party ne!s and election reports

%ounded in the early 100s.

Type: Factual

Ans: A

Page: 25(

&00. The ter" muc'ra'er !as %irst used in a political sense by

a0. Theodore 9oosevelt.

b0. #alvin #oolidge.c0. >erbert >oover.

d0. Franlin 9oosevelt.

e0. Ba"es ar%ield.

Type: Factual

Ans: #Page: 255

&10. The "ediu" that %irst allo!ed public o%%icials to reach the public in a

relatively un%iltered "anner !as

a0. the national "aga8ine.

b0. the national ne!spaper.

c0. radio.

d0. the New (or' )imes.

e0. the !ire service.

Type: Factual

Ans: /

Page: 255

&20. At the turn o% the century+ the gro!ing "edia sensationalis"

in%luencing public opinion !as no!n as

a0. purple prose.

b0. yello! *ournalis".

c0. "ucraing.d0. pac *ournalis".

e0. shoc lit.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: APage: 255

&&0. 7ne disadvantage to politicians o% radio or television coverage+

co"pared to ne!spaper coverage+ is that it

a0. allo!s citi8ens to turn o%% the "essage.


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b0. is both "ore expensive and less accessible to politicians.

c0. per"its a greater degree o% editorial %iltering.

d0. is controlled by a hand%ul o% o!ners.e0. discourages color%ul rhetoric.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: D

Page: 255

&(0. $lectronic *ournalis" probably contributed to the decline in partyloyalties because

a0. the public lost con%idence in politicians a%ter seeing the" on

television. b0. the rate o% literacy dropped+ %orcing people to !atch television

rather than read party literature.

c0. television and radio %ocused attention on the issues+ "aing

party labels o% candidates irrelevant.

d0. politicians developed personal %ollo!ings independent o% party

structure.

e0. the public lost con%idence in television as a source o% political

ne!s.

Type: #onceptualAns: $

Page: 255

&50. 7ne advantage o% ne!spapers over the electronic "edia as a "eans

%or politicians to reach voters is that it

a0. "ini"i8es editorial %iltering.

b0. conveys a "ore direct "essage.

c0. restricts the argu"ents o% !ouldbe critics.

d0. conveys a "ore po!er%ul "essage.

e0. is less expensive.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: D

Page: 255

&0. To get television coverage+ public o%%icials typically have to

a0. be !ell connected.

b0. tae a conservative line.

c0. tae a liberal line.

d0. do so"ething color%ul.e0. appear organi8ed.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: D

Page: 25

&0. A "e"ber o% #ongress !ho !ishes to "axi"i8e his or her ne!s

"edia attention is !ell advised to

a0. propose increasing taxes.

b0. propose lo!ering taxes.c0. praise the president.

d0. attac the president.

e0. author ne! legislation.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: #

Page: 25

&60. A politician seeing television coverage "ay be !ell advised to

attac the president because

a0. "edia elites en*oy sniping at the president.

b0. "ost citi8ens harbor deep resent"ent o% any president.

c0. only the president routinely gets television coverage.

d0. positive ne!s is no ne!s in 3ashington+ D.#.

e0. "ost citi8ens ad"ire and respect the president.


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Type: #onceptual

Ans: /

Page: 25

&0. The ne! era o% electronic *ournalis" is best characteri8ed by

a0. an e"phasis on tal sho!s and a di"inishing i"portance o%

cable television.

b0. a di"inishing i"portance o% the three big net!ors and a rise

in popularity o% cable entertain"enttype progra"s.

c0. greater interest in probing con%rontations on policy issues by"a*or net!or *ournalists and less interest in hu"an interest

stories.

d0. a di"inishing interest in policy issues and a rise in overall popularity o% "a*or net!or progra"s.

e0. e"ergence o% ne!s "aga8ine progra"s on the "a*or net!ors.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: $

Page: 25

(00. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing state"ents accurately describes the

trans%or"ation o% A"erican *ournalis"4

a0. 3hen "ass circulation ne!spapers arose+ there also developedinterest groups.

b0. 3hen "aga8ines o% opinion developed+ there also arose "ass

politics.c0. 3hen radio beca"e do"inant+ politicians !ere unable to build

their o!n bridges to voters.

d0. 3hen television beca"e do"inant+ politicians !ere unable to

build their o!n bridges to voters.

e0. 3ith the 'nternet+ voters and political activists can tal to eachother.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: #

Page: 25

(10. The "ass "edia are not a true "irror o% reality because

a0. reporters are "ore conservative than the general public.

b0. the ne!s e"phasi8es sensational events and ignores positive

social trends.

c0. a process o% selection+ editing+ and e"phasis exists in ne!sreporting.

d0. the "edia tend to e"phasi8e national events and issues over

local ones.

e0. the "edia tend to e"phasi8e local events and issues over

national ones.

Type: Factual

Ans: #

Page: 25

(20. 7% the di%%erent sectors o% the "edia in the ,nited -tates+ that o%"a*or city ne!spapers is probably the

a0. "ost trusted.

b0. least trusted.

c0. least co"petitive.

d0. "ost co"petitive.

e0. "ost accurate.

Type: FactualAns: D

Page: 25

(&0. During the past thirty years+ the nu"ber o% daily ne!spapers in the

,nited -tates has

a0. declined steadily.

b0. increased steadily.


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c0. sho!n only a slight increase.

d0. not declined signi%icantly.

e0. increased dra"atically.

Type: FactualAns: $

Page: 25

((0. The least co"petitive sector o% the "edia in the ,nited -tates is that

o%

a0. cable television co"panies.

b0. radio.

c0. national "aga8ines.d0. "a*or television net!ors.

e0. bigcity ne!spapers.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: $

Page: 25

(50. The text argues that+ although politicians use the "edia+ the "edia

also use politicians %or

a0. scapegoats. b0. advertising.

c0. %unding.

d0. technical support.

e0. entertain"ent and in%or"ation.

Type: Factual

Ans: D

Page: 256

(0. To a re"arable degree+ "edia o!nership in the ,nited -tates is

a0. international.

b0. national.c0. regional.

d0. local.

e0. govern"ental.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: /Page: 256

(0. The ,.-. "edia+ including the electronic "edia+ is pri"arily oriented

to its local "aret and local audience. The reasonCs %or this is Carethe

a0. Federal #o""unications #o""ission CF## regulations that

co"pel local a%%iliates to accept national net!or broadcasts.

b0. F## regulations that li"it "ultiple "edia o!nership in a given

"aret.

c0. !idescale o!nership o% the press by large national

corporations.

d0. shrining nu"ber o% total ne!s sources available to the averageciti8en.

e0. do"inance o% partisans in o!nership positions !ho insist on

!inning supporters "aret by "aret.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: #

Page: 256

(60. The ,.-. "edia+ including the electronic "edia+ is pri"arily oriented

to its local "aret and local audience. The reasonCs %or this is Care

the

a0. Federal #o""unications #o""ission CF## regulations that

allo! "ultiple "edia o!nership in a given "aret.

b0. !idescale o!nership o% the press by large national

corporations.


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c0. F## regulations that prohibit net!ors %ro" re=uiring local

a%%iliates to accept net!or broadcasts.

d0. shrining nu"ber o% total ne!s sources available to the averageciti8en.

e0. do"inance o% partisans in o!nership positions !ho insist on

!inning supporters "aret by "aret.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: $

Page: 256

(0. The broadcasting industry in the ,nited -tates can best be described

as

a0. tightly regulated.

b0. centrali8ed.

c0. govern"ent o!ned.

d0. nationally oriented.

e0. decentrali8ed.

Type: Factual

Ans: D

Page: 256

500. @ost o% the national ne!s that local papers publish co"es %ro"

a0. local a%%iliates.

b0. their o!n ne!s sta%%s.

c0. television net!ors.

d0. !ire services.

e0. investigative reporting.

Type: Factual

Ans: #

Page: 256

510. T!o local ne!spapers that have ac=uired national readerships are

a0. the Wall Street *ournal and the New (or' )imes.

b0. the New (or' )imes and USA )oday.

c0. the New (or' )imes and the Washington ost .

d0. the Wall Street *ournal and the Washington ost .

e0. USA )oday and #hristian Science Monitor .

Type: #onceptual

Ans: /Page: 256

520. 3hat do the New (or' )imes and the Washington ost have in

co""on4

a0. They are both under international o!nership.

b0. They are both local papers !ith national %ollo!ings.

c0. They both cater exclusively to a liberal public.

d0. They both trace their history bac "ore than 100 years.

e0. They both cater exclusively to a conservative public.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: $Page: 25

5&0. The existence o% national "edia+ including ne!s!eelies+ is

i"portant to politicians because

a0. the national "edia tends to be "ore representative o% the political philosophy o% A"ericans than the local "edia.

b0. the national "edia tends to be "ore conservative than the local

"edia.c0. the national "edia tend to be "ore liberal than the local "edia.

d0. the ne!s they report is "ore succinct and easy to digest.

e0. %ederal o%%icials are "ore liely to %ollo! the national "edia.


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Type: #onceptual

Ans: /

Page: 25

5(0. The existence o% national "edia+ including ne!s!eelies+ isi"portant to politicians because

a0. the national "edia tend to be "ore representative o% the

political philosophy o% A"ericans than the local "edia.

b0. the national "edia is "ore liely to provide indepth analysis

o% ey issues.c0. %ederal o%%icials are "ore liely to %avor the "ore conservative

position o% the national "edia.

d0. the ne!s reported by the national "edia is "ore succinct andeasy to digest.

e0. the national "edia tend to be "ore liberal than the local "edia.

Type: Factual

Ans: /

Page: 25

550. #o"pared !ith local *ournalists+ reporters and editors %or the national

"edia are "ore

a0. conservative. b0. liberal.

c0. restricted in !hat they can !rite.

d0. liely to act as gateeepers and less liely to act asscoreeepers.

e0. critical o% the presidency.

Type: Factual

Ans: /

Page: 25

50. The national "edia o%ten play the role o% gateeeper. This "eans that

they can

a0. in%luence public opinion on "ost issues.

b0. in%luence !hat sub*ects beco"e national political issues.

c0. prevent certain politicians %ro" !inning o%%ice by not covering

their ca"paigns.

d0. provide greater depth on stories than the local press.

e0. channel public opinion in a "anner that causes politicians to

respond.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: A

Page: 25

50. Newswee' runs a %eature article on education in the ,nited -tates that

calls %or s!eeping changes in govern"ent policy on education. 'n

this role Newswee' is acting as

a0. gateeeper. b0. scoreeeper.

c0. !atchdog.

d0. investigator.

e0. # and D.

Type: #onceptualAns: A

Page: 25

560. The television !eely +, Minutes runs a seg"ent on the role o% local politicians in the drug trade. The issue soon beco"es the sub*ect o%

national debate. 'n this role +, Minutes is acting as

a0. gateeeper.

b0. scoreeeper.

c0. !atchdog.

d0. investigator.

e0. / and #.


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Type: Factual

Ans: #

Page: 25

50. 'n the past generation+ national "edia attention %ocus on cri"e has been

a0. steady+ !hether cri"e !as increasing or not.

b0. nonexistent+ although cri"e increased steadily.

c0. inter"ittent+ although cri"e increased steadily.

d0. stronger !hen cri"e increased than !hen it did not.e0. slight+ although cri"e has decreased steadily.

Type: FactualAns: $

Page: 25

00. The national "edia o%ten play the role o% scoreeeper. This "eans

that they can



c0. investigate election processes "ore aggressively than public

o%%icials.

d0. provide greater depth on stories than the local press.e0. prevent certain politicians %ro" !inning o%%ice by not covering

their ca"paigns.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: /

Page: 25

10. A/# ;e!s declares one presidential candidate the !inner in a

televised debate. 'n this role+ A/# ;e!s is acting as

a0. gateeeper. b0. scoreeeper.

c0. !atchdog.

d0. investigator.

e0. # and D.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: #

Page: 25

20. The "edia typically report presidential elections as horse races

because o% the "edia<s role as

a0. arbiter.

b0. !atchdog.

c0. scoreeeper.

d0. "irror o% reality.

e0. "ediator.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: D

Page: 25

&0. The text states that the "edia typically report presidential elections ashorse races. This "eans that they

a0. have an instinctive desire to expose scandals.

b0. play the role o% gateeeper+ scoreeeper+ and !atchdog in a

presidential ca"paign.

c0. see the opportunity to !rite bacground or interpretive storiesabout issues in the ca"paign.d0. %ocus "ore on the contest itsel% than on the issues o% the

ca"paign.e0. have an instinctive desire to investigate personalities.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: /

Page: 20

(0. The ne!s "edia interpret a candidate<s secondplace %inish in the

'o!a caucuses as a sign o% strength. 'n this role the "edia are acting


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as

a0. gateeeper.

b0. scoreeeper.

c0. !atchdog.

d0. investigator.

e0. / and #.

Type: Factual

Ans: DPage: 20

50. The national "edia o%ten play the role o% !atchdog. This "eans that

they can



c0. prevent certain politicians %ro" !inning o%%ice by not covering

their ca"paigns.

d0. expose scandals and investigate personalities.

e0. trac s!ings in public assess"ents o% candidates.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: #

Page: 20

0. The New (or' )imes publishes an article accusing a Texas senator o%using his po!er to extract contributions %ro" oil industry executives.

'n this role the )imes is acting as

a0. gateeeper.

b0. scoreeeper.c0. !atchdog.

d0. sounding board.

e0. ad*udicator.

Type: Factual

Ans: /

Page: 20

0. #o"pared to ne!spaper reporters+ television ne!s broadcasters have

a0. lo!er inco"es but "ore pro%essional %reedo".

b0. higher inco"es but less pro%essional %reedo".c0. higher inco"es and "ore pro%essional %reedo".

d0. lo!er inco"es and less pro%essional %reedo".

e0. lo!er inco"es+ but exceptional pro%essional %reedo".

Type: Factual

Ans: $

Page: 20

60. ,nlie bigcity ne!spapers+ radio and television stations "ust

a0. identi%y their audience and cultivate a lasting relationship.

b0. rely on paid advertising %ro" "ultiple sources.

c0. get their national ne!s %ro" !ire services.

d0. operate pro%itably !hile still providing balanced ne!s

coverage.

e0. have a govern"ent license to operate.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: #

Page: 20

0. #o"pared !ith the print "edia+ the electronic "edia are

a0. less co"petitive but "ore strictly regulated.

b0. "ore co"petitive but less strictly regulated.

c0. "ore co"petitive and "ore strictly regulated.

d0. less co"petitive and less strictly regulated.

e0. less co"petitive and co"pletely %ree o% regulation.


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Type: Factual

Ans: A

Page: 20

00. 3hich a"end"ent to the ,.-. #onstitution prevents the govern"ent%ro" censoring the "edia4

a0. the First

b0. the Fi%th

c0. the -ixth

d0. the T!enty%irste0. ;one o% these.

Type: FactualAns: /

Page: 20

10. The %ederal govern"ent sued the New (or' )imes to prevent it %ro"

publishing

a0. accounts o% BapaneseA"ericans detained in ,.-. concentration

ca"ps during 3orld 3ar ''.

b0. the Pentagon Papers.

c0. secret grand *ury %indings on the 3atergate scandal.

d0. reports o% 9eagan<s ar"s%orhostages dealings.e0. video tapes o% . ordon iddy orchestrating a breain.

Type: Factual

Ans: A

Page: 20

20. 3hen the New (or' )imes sought to publish the Pentagon Papers and

the %ederal govern"ent sued to prevent publication+ !hat position did

the -upre"e #ourt tae4

a0. 't allo!ed publication to proceed. b0. 't prohibited publication.

c0. 't allo!ed publication but assessed %ines.

d0. 't ruled that it had no *urisdiction in the "atter.

e0. 't sided !ith the argu"ents o% the %ederal govern"ent.

Type: Factual

Ans: $

Page: 21

&0. 'n a ey decision+ a *ury ruled that )ime "aga8ine had published

%alse state"ents about a certain public %igure. This individual could

not collect da"ages+ ho!ever+ because the publication !as not"alicious. 3ho !as this public %igure4

a0. eorge -teinbrenner

b0. 3illia" 3est"oreland

c0. 9ichard ;ixon

d0. 7liver ;orth

e0. Ariel -haron

Type: FactualAns: #

Page: 21

(0. 3hen 'sraeli general Ariel -haron sued )ime "aga8ine %or libel+ the

*ury decided that

a0. )ime"s stories on -haron !ere accurate.

b0. )ime had libeled -haron and "ust pay da"ages.c0. )ime had libeled -haron but not "aliciously.d0. -haron laced standing to sue in a ,.-. court.

e0. -haron had sho!n no true case and controversy.

Type: Factual

Ans: D

Page: 21

50. For a ne!spaper to be %ound guilty o% libel+ the accused party "ust

a0. prove beyond reasonable doubt that !hat !as printed !as

da"aging+ even i% it !as printed accidentally.


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b0. sue the reporter !ho !rote the story and not the ne!spaper that

published it.

c0. sue the ne!spaper that published the story and not the reporter!ho !rote it.

d0. provide clear and convincing evidence that !hat !as printed

!as "alicious.

e0. establish that !hat !as printed could have been interpreted in"ore than one "anner.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: A

Page: 21

0. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing state"ents about la!s intended to protect the

privacy o% citi8ens is correct4

a0. They do not really inhibit ne!spapers.

b0. They exert strong pressure on ne!spapers to chec all stories.

c0. They apply to public o%%icials only.

d0. They apply to ne!spapers but not to other "edia.

e0. They apply to ne!spapers and radio+ but not television.

Type: Factual

Ans: /Page: 21

0. 'n general+ !hat position has the -upre"e #ourt taen on thegovern"ent<s right to co"pel reporters to divulge in%or"ation

concerning the co""ission o% a cri"e4

a0. 't has ruled against it.

b0. 't has upheld it.

c0. 't has avoided ruling on it.

d0. 't has yet to rule on it.

e0. 't has ruled in a contradictory "anner.

Type: Factual

Ans: $

Page: 21

60. The case o% @yron Farber+ a reporter %or the New (or' )imes+ dealt

!ith the =uestion o%

a0. !hether the police can search ne!sroo"s.

b0. the grounds %or libel.

c0. the de%inition o% obscenity.d0. the de%inition o% incite"ent.

e0. the con%identiality o% a reporter<s sources.

Type: Factual

Ans: A

Page: 21

0. The right o% reporters to conceal the sourceCs o% their in%or"ation

about a cri"e has been upheld by

a0. the "edia only. b0. the "edia and the -upre"e #ourt only.

c0. the "edia and the police only.

d0. the "edia+ the -upre"e #ourt+ and the police.

e0. ;one o% these.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: $

Page: 2&

Cbox

600. The text suggests three things to loo %or !hen trying to read a

ne!spaper intelligently. They are the

a0. degree o% ob*ectivity+ the choice o% coverage+ and the source o%

in%or"ation.

b0. type o% coverage+ nu"ber o% sources+ and the %lexibility o%

language.


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c0. source o% in%or"ation+ the degree o% ob*ectivity+ and the use o%

language.

d0. choice o% coverage+ the degree o% ob*ectivity+ and the use o%language.

e0. choice o% coverage+ the source o% in%or"ation+ and the use o%

language.

Type: Factual

Ans: D

Page: 21

610. >o! %re=uently do television broadcasting licenses co"e up %or

rene!al4

a0. every year

b0. every t!o years

c0. every three years

d0. every %ive years

e0. every ten years

Type: Factual

Ans: D

Page: 21

620. >o! %re=uently do radio broadcasting licenses co"e up %or rene!al4

a0. every year

b0. every t!o years

c0. every %ive years

d0. every seven years

e0. every ten years

Type: Factual

Ans: $

Page: 21

6&0. 'n recent years+ the process o% rene!ing broadcast licenses by theFederal #o""unications #o""ission CF## has beco"e

a0. "ore di%%icult.

b0. auto"atic.

c0. partisan.

d0. apolitical.

e0. easier.

Type: FactualAns: D

Page: 21

6(0. To have its license rene!ed+ a radio or television station "ust

a0. sign a pledge not to critici8e the national govern"ent un%airly.

b0. sub"it ne!s broadcasts to govern"ent censors to re"ove all

obscene "aterial.

c0. provide %ree co""ercial ti"e to political candidates.

d0. de"onstrate ho! it plans to serve the co""unity needs.

e0. identi%y goals in broadcasting cycles that address nationalconcerns.

Type: Factual

Ans: /Page: 21

650. -ince the 160s+ broadcasting licenses are auto"atically rene!ed

unless

a0. the station has been %ound guilty o% broadcasting obscenity.

b0. so"e co""unity group %or"ally ob*ects.c0. the station has been %ound to critici8e the govern"ent un%airly.

d0. the station<s o!nership has changed.

e0. the stations o!nership has not changed %or a considerable

period o% ti"e.


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Type: Factual

Ans: #

Page: 22

60. ,ntil it !as abolished in 16+ !hat obligated broadcasters to presentcontrasting sides o% controversial public issues4

a0. the right o% reply rule

b0. the #o""unications Act o% 1(

c0. the %airness doctrine

d0. the e=ual ti"e rulee0. the respondent superior doctrine.

Type: FactualAns: A

Page: 22

60. 3hat is the current status o% the %airness doctrine+ !hich deals !ith

broadcasters< responsibility to present both sides o% controversial

issues4

a0. 't !as abolished by the Federal #o""unications #o""ission

CF## in 16 but is still %ollo!ed voluntarily by "ost

broadcasters.

b0. 't is still in e%%ect and is %ollo!ed by "ost broadcasters.c0. 't !as abolished by the F## in 16 and is no longer %ollo!ed

by "ost broadcasters.

d0. 't is still in e%%ect but is not %ollo!ed by "ost broadcasters.e0. 't !as never %or"ally instituted and is rarely %ollo!ed by "ost

broadcasters.

Type: Factual

Ans: A

Page: 22

660. The content o% radio and television broadcasts is regulated in !ays

that ne!spapers and "aga8ines are not. For exa"ple+ broadcastersare re=uired by la! to

a0. sell e=ual ti"e to all candidates.

b0. allo! individuals the right to reply to an attac that occurred on

a regular ne!s progra".

c0. allo! a candidate to petition %or a station<s endorse"ent.

d0. present contrasting sides o% controversial public issues.

e0. produce public debates and %oru"s %or the discussion o% currentissues.

Type: Factual

Ans: #

Page: 22


that ne!spapers and "aga8ines are not. For exa"ple+ broadcasters

are re=uired by la! to

a0. provide %ree advertising to all candidates.

b0. allo! a candidate to petition %or a station<s endorse"ent.

c0. allo! individuals the right to reply to an attac+ provided it did

not occur on a regular ne!s progra".

d0. present contrasting sides o% controversial public issues.

e0. produce public debates and %oru"s %or the discussion o% current

issues.

Type: Factual

Ans: #Page: 22


that ne!spapers and "aga8ines are not. For exa"ple+ broadcasters

are re=uired by la! to

a0. provide %ree advertising to all candidates.

b0. allo! individuals the right to reply to an attac that occurred on


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a regular ne!s progra".

c0. allo! a candidate to reply to a station<s endorse"ent o% the

opposing candidate.d0. present contrasting sides o% controversial public issues.

e0. produce public debates and %oru"s %or the discussion o% current

issues.

Type: Factual

Ans: D

Page: 22

10. For the "edia to broadcast the #arter9eagan debate o% 160+ !hich

o% the %ollo!ing had to be agreed to4

a0. /oth points o% vie! had to be given e=ual ti"e.

b0. 'nvitations to all other candidates %or president had to be

issued+ and their re%usals obtained.

c0. All three "a*or net!ors had to agree on the %or"at o% the

debates.

d0. The debates had to be sponsored by the eague o% 3o"en

?oters and covered as a ne!s event.

e0. The debates had to %eature =uestions by "e"bers o% the ne!s

"edia.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: $

Page: 22

20. The #arter9eagan debate in 160 !as sponsored by the eague o%

3o"en ?oters C3? because

a0. the 3? had an exclusive license %or that purpose.

b0. the 3? threatened to sue the net!ors.

c0. both candidates !anted an i"partial %oru".

d0. the %airness doctrine did not apply.e0. that arrange"ent allo!ed circu"vention o% the e=ual access

rule.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: #

Page: 22

&0. According to the text+ !hy "ight candidates %or local o%%ice choose

not to advertise on television4

a0. To do so "ight place the" in violation o% the e=ual ti"e rule. b0. They "ay decide that other "edia provide a "ore direct+

un%iltered !ay o% reaching voters.

c0. Their districts "ay be too s"all geographically %or television

advertising to be cost e%%ective.

d0. Their constituencies "ight include a si8able proportion o%

individuals !ho do not !atch television.

e0. Distrust o% television ne!s "ight cause a baclash.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: A

Page: 22

(0. According to the text+ !hy is a candidate %or the -enate "ore liely

to advertise on television than a candidate %or the >ouse4

a0. because a senator<s constituency is "ore !idely spread

geographically

b0. because a senator<s constituency is "ore narro!ly concentrated

geographicallyc0. because a senator<s constituency "ight include a si8able

proportion o% voters !ho do not !atch television

d0. because senators typically choose "edia that provide a "ore

direct !ay o% reaching voters


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e0. because a senators salary is three ti"es that o% a "e"ber o%

the >ouse !ho can rarely a%%ord such advertising

Type: Factual

Ans: APage: 22

50. The advertising rates charged to candidates %or public o%%ice+

co"pared !ith those %or other advertisers+ are

a0. the sa"e.

b0. usually higher.

c0. usually lo!er.

d0. al!ays lo!er because o% the e=ual ti"e rule.e0. usually lo!er+ i% the candidate is liberal.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: $

Page: 2(

0. According to the text+ the principal reason !hy political candidates

cannot be sold lie a deodorant is that

a0. the general idea o% a deodorant is "ore liely to stic.

b0. political advertising is too tightly regulated.c0. a candidate<s "essage is too co"plicated to sell.

d0. deodorants s"ell better.

e0. people are not stupid.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: #

Page: 2(

0. 3hy should average citi8ens tae "ore seriously a decision about

!hich candidate to vote %or than about !hat deodorant to buy4

a0. because they have "ore in%or"ation on !hich to base a

decision b0. because "ore "oney is spent on political advertising

c0. because the staes are higher

d0. because deodorants are not endorsed

e0. because political advertising is "ore liely to be accurate.

Type: FactualAns: #

Page: 2(

60. 'n presidential elections throughout this century+ "ost localne!spapers have

a0. %avored the De"ocrat in all but one instance.

b0. %avored the De"ocrat slightly "ore o%ten than the 9epublican.

c0. %avored the 9epublican in all but one instance.

d0. %avored 'ndependents+ !ith the exception o% 9onald 9eagan.

e0. split about evenly bet!een parties.

Type: Factual

Ans: $

Page: 2(

0. A process that li"its the shortter" e%%ect o% radio and television onvoters is one that psychologists call

a0. burnout.

b0. sti"ulusresponse acceleration.c0. anticipatory apathy.

d0. the iterative %actor.

e0. selective attention.


Page: 2(

1000. @ass "edia probably have the least e%%ect on

a0. ho! politics is conducted.


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b0. ho! candidates are selected.

c0. ho! candidates are perceived.

d0. ho! policies are %or"ulated.e0. ho! people vote in elections.

Type: Factual

Ans: D

Page: 25

1010. The %irst person to beco"e a candidate %or president chie%ly as aresult o% television exposure !as

a0. Adlai -tevenson.

b0. /arry old!ater.c0. ary >art.

d0. $stes Ee%auver.

e0. Besse Bacson.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: /

Page: 25

1020. 7n !hich o% the %ollo!ing issues are the "edia "ost liely to have

the greatest in%luence on the national political agenda4

a0. an issue such as une"ploy"ent that a%%ects people personally

b0. an issue such as the environ"ent !ith !hich people have little

personal experience

c0. an issue such as abortion or school prayer !ith !hich the

courts have been involved

d0. an issue such as school taxes that a%%ects people at the local

level

e0. A and #.

Type: #onceptualAns: D

Page: 2

10&0. '% the 1 presidential ca"paign is any indication+ )))))))) tend tosee greater ideological di%%erences bet!een candidates than do

)))))))).

a0. radio listeners+ television vie!ers

b0. television vie!ers+ ne!spaper readers

c0. television vie!ers+ radio listeners

d0. ne!spaper readers+ television vie!erse0. ne!spaper readers+ radio listeners

Type: #onceptual

Ans: /

Page: 2

10(0. 9egarding the e%%ects o% "edia on politics+ research suggests all o%

the %ollo!ing except

a0. issues that citi8ens believe to be i"portant politically are

si"ilar to issues %eatured by the "edia. b0. the personal opinions o% ne!scasters have little shortter"

e%%ect on presidential popularity.

c0. ne!spaper readers see bigger ideological di%%erences bet!een

candidates than do television vie!ers.d0. ne!spaper endorse"ents have a s"all but signi%icant e%%ect on

voter pre%erence.

e0. people are "ore liely to tae their cues %ro" the "edia on

"atters that a%%ect the" personally.


Page: 2

1050. 9egarding their relationship !ith the "edia+ ,.-. public o%%icials

generally


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a0. try to avoid the "edia to prevent da"age to their reputations.

b0. resist the "edia at every opportunity.

c0. rely on the "edia to tae the initiative on "edia coverage.d0. rely on the "edia only to the extent that the "edia can help set

a political agenda.

e0. spend a great deal o% ti"e cultivating the "edia.

Type: Factual

Ans: A

Page: 2

100. According to the text+ the %irst president to raise cultivation o% the

"edia to an art %or" !as

a0. Theodore 9oosevelt.

b0. 3oodro! 3ilson.

c0. >erbert >oover.

d0. Franlin 9oosevelt.

e0. 3oodro! 3ilson.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: /

Page: 2

100. #o"pared !ith other 3estern nations+ the ,.-. "edia play a "uch

"ore i"portant role in

a0. voicing the o%%icial govern"ent line.

b0. personali8ing our leaders.

c0. re%lecting the political agenda o% an elite.

d0. dealing !ith critical issues.

e0. solving social proble"s.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: #Page: 2

1060. The reason #ongress does not receive as "uch "edia coverage as the

president is that

a0. %e!er i"portant decisions are "ade by #ongress than by the

president.

b0. congressional rules %orbid "e"bers %ro" speaing to the

"edia until a%ter a bill has been voted on.

c0. "e"bers o% #ongress play "ore speciali8ed roles than the

president.d0. #ongress no longer allo!s television coverage o% its

proceedings.

e0. #ongress rarely allo!s television coverage o% its proceedings.

Type: Factual

Ans: #

Page: 2

100. ,ntil 16+ the attitude o% the >ouse to!ard television and radio

coverage o% its proceedings could best be described as

a0. very open and candid.

b0. open at least during election years.

c0. =uite restrictive.

d0. "ore restrictive during De"ocratic ad"inistrations.e0. less restrictive during 9epublican ad"inistrations.

Type: Factual

Ans: D

Page: 2

1100. -igni%icant live coverage o% >ouse co""ittee hearings began in 1(

!ith the

a0. >ouse Appropriations #o""ittee<s hearing on the ?ietna"

3ar budget.

b0. >ouse Ar"s #o""ittee<s vote to re*ect President ;ixon<s


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re=uest %or additional ar"s to #uban %reedo" %ighters.

c0. >ouse $thics #o""ittee<s vote to strip 9ichard Alsup o% his

>ouse seat.d0. >ouse Budiciary #o""ittee<s discussion o% the possible

i"peach"ent o% 9ichard ;ixon.

e0. >ouse Appropriations #o""ittees hearings on the #entral

'ntelligence Agencys budget %or covert action.

Type: Factual

Ans: D

Page: 2

1110. 'n recent years+ television coverage o% the >ouse has been

a0. inter"ittent !ith a large audience.

b0. inter"ittent !ith a s"all audience.

c0. gaveltogavel !ith a large audience.

d0. gaveltogavel !ith a s"all audience.

e0. rare+ !ith a large audience.

Type: Factual

Ans: $

Page: 2

1120. Television coverage o% the >ouse changed radically !ith the

e"ergence o%

a0. !ire services.

b0. USA )oday.

c0. television ne!s!eelies.

d0. digital tv.

e0. cable television.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: APage: 2

11&0. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing state"ents about the relationship bet!een

television and the -enate is "ost accurate4

a0. Television has "ade the -enate an incubator o% presidential

candidates.

b0. Television has sub*ected the -enate to nu"erous exposes.

c0. Television has tended to insulate the -enate %ro" public

opinion.

d0. Television has "ade the -enate internationalist in character.e0. Television has had not noticeable i"pact on the behavior o%

-enate "e"bers or the cha"bers processes.

Type: Factual

Ans: $

Page: 2

11(0. According to recent polls+ A"ericans clai" to get "ost o% their ne!s

%ro"

a0. "aga8ines o% opinion. b0. local ne!spapers.

c0. national ne!spapers Ce.g.+ the New (or' )imes.

d0. national ne!s!eelies Ce.g.+ )ime.

e0. television.

Type: Factual

Ans: #

Page: 2

1150. #o"pared to the !ay the public vie!s the credibility o% the "edia+

the "edia see the"selves as

a0. "ore biased but also "ore popular.

b0. "ore po!er%ul but less reliable.

c0. %air and unbiased.

d0. less po!er%ul but "ore reliable.


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e0. po!erless but popular.

Type: Factual

Ans: D

Page: 26

110. #o"pared to the nu"ber o% people !ho !atch a television ne!s progra" every day+ the nu"ber !ho read a ne!spaper every day is

a0. "uch larger.

b0. so"e!hat larger.

c0. so"e!hat s"aller.

d0. "uch s"aller.

e0. about the sa"e.

Type: FactualAns: D

Page: 26

110. #o"pared to the average citi8en+ "e"bers o% the national "edia are

a0. %ar "ore conservative.

b0. so"e!hat "ore conservative.

c0. so"e!hat "ore liberal.

d0. %ar "ore liberal.e0. "ore "oderate.

Type: Factual

Ans: A

Page: 2

1160. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing "ight tend to "ae a reporter treat a public

o%%icial %avorably4

a0. the need to cultivate a source

b0. the exa"ple o% 3ood!ard and /ernsteinc0. an adversarial stance

d0. access to canned ne!se0. libel la!s

Type: #onceptual

Ans: A

Page: 2

110. The type o% story that is least liely to be in%luenced by the political

attitudes o% the *ournalist reporting it is the

a0. routine story. b0. selected story.c0. insider story.

d0. local story.

e0. predicated story.

Type: Factual

Ans: /

Page: 2

1200. The Associated Press and 9euters generally supply ne!spapers !ith

!hat type o% stories4

a0. selected

b0. routine

c0. insider

d0. investigative

e0. predicated

Type: #onceptual

Ans: A

Page: 2

1210. #overage o% presidential ca"paigns tends to be relatively unbiased

because

a0. "ost ca"paign stories are routine.

b0. govern"ental scrutiny o% the "edia is greater.

c0. the national "edia tend to be "ore liberal than the local "edia.


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d0. "ost ca"paign stories are controversial.

e0. ca"paigns are run too %ast %or co""entary to gain "o"entu".

Type: Factual

Ans: #Page: 20

1220. According to Peter /raestrup+ in reporting the 16 Tet 7%%ensive+

the "edia

a0. ac=uitted the"selves !ell.

b0. do!nplayed evidence o% co""unist success.

c0. portrayed a ;orth ?ietna"ese "ilitary de%eat as a success.

d0. paid little attention to !hat turned out to be the "ost i"portantstory o% the ?ietna" 3ar.

e0. overexaggerated the violence associated !ith the "ilitarys

actions.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: D

Page: 20

12&0. The aspect o% ne!s reporting on !hich the political ideology o%

*ournalists is most liely to co"e into play is the issue o%

a0. ho! to handle routine stories.

b0. ho! "uch space to give a story.

c0. ho! long to carry a story.

d0. !hich stories to cover.

e0. ho! to present a story.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: #

Page: 20

12(0. The type o% ne!s story that is most liely to raise the =uestion o% the

source<s "otive is the

a0. routine story.

b0. selected story.

c0. insider story.

d0. local story.

e0. predicated story.

Type: Factual

Ans: /Page: 21

1250. The text argues that the ,.-. #onstitution contributed to the proble"

o% press leas !hen it

a0. created %reedo" o% the press.

b0. separated the branches o% govern"ent.

c0. established a national govern"ent.

d0. established a -upre"e #ourt.

e0. established the executive branch and its appointed o%%icers.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: #Page: 21

120. 7ne reason !hy so "any ne!s leas occur is that

a0. "ost public o%%icials receive so"e "oney %ro" the "edia.

b0. govern"ent e"ploys so "any press o%%icers.c0. po!er in govern"ent is so decentrali8ed.

d0. presidential re!ards are so attractive.

e0. "edia experts are also public o%%icials.

Type: #onceptualAns: #

Page: 21

120. 7ne reason !hy so "any ne!s leas occur is that

a0. "ost public o%%icials receive so"e "oney %ro" the "edia.


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b0. govern"ent e"ploys so "any press o%%icers.

c0. it is legal to print "ost govern"ent secrets.

d0. presidential re!ards are so attractive.e0. "edia experts are also public o%%icials.

Type: Factual

Ans: A

Page: 21

1260. @edia stories about 3hite!ater is an exa"ple o%

a0. attac *ournalis".

b0. the %airness doctrine.

c0. narro!casting.d0. "edia "areting.

e0. %ocuscentric reporting.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: A

Page: 21

120. 7ne explanation %or the adversarial relationship that has developed

bet!een govern"ent o%%icials and the "edia since 3atergate is

a0. co"petition !ithin the "edia %or ne!s honors and a!ards. b0. the use o% ne!s releases.

c0. the pressure on the "edia to retain their sources o% in%or"ation.

d0. the gro!ing po!er o% local "edia.

e0. the use o% canned ne!s.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: A

Page: 21

1&00. 7ne explanation %or the adversarial relationship that has developed

bet!een govern"ent o%%icials and the "edia since 3atergate is

a0. the ideological gap that exists bet!een the "edia and o%%icials. b0. the use o% ne!s releases.

c0. the pressure on the "edia to retain their sources o% in%or"ation.

d0. the gro!ing po!er o% local "edia.

e0. the use o% canned ne!s.

Type: Factual

Ans: #Page: 21

1&10. -urveys suggest "ost A"ericans believea0. the "edia slants its coverage.

b0. the "edia have too "uch in%luence.c0. the "edia abuses its constitutional protections.

d0. All o% these.

e0. ;one o% these

Type: Factual

Ans: $

Page: 2&

1&20. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing state"ents about negative ads is incorrect 4

a0. Adversarial "edia coverage "aes the" "ore socially

acceptable.

b0. #andidates use the" because they !or.

c0. They "ay change the pre%erences o% so"e voters.

d0. They are associated !ith reduced voter turnout.e0. They are associated !ith increased voter turnout.

Type: Factual

Ans: $

Page: 2&

1&&0. The text suggests the extra"arital a%%airs o% Franlin 9oosevelt and

Bohn Eennedy !ere no!n to reporters+ but not reported because

a0. there !as not nearly so "uch "edia co"petition at the ti"e.

b0. both "en !ere De"ocrats.

c0. libel la!s !ere en%orced "ore strictly at the ti"e.


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d0. reporters !ere not nearly so adversarial in their approach

to!ard govern"ent.

e0. A and D.

Type: FactualAns: D

Page: 2&

1&(0. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing state"ents about the post-epte"ber 11

environ"ent is incorrect 4

a0. -urveys indicated "ore people !ere %ollo!ing the national

ne!s "ore closely.

b0. @ore A"ericans %elt the "edia got the %acts right.c0. @ost A"ericans %elt "edia coverage o% the !ar on terroris"

!as good or excellent.d0. The television net!ors gained vie!ers.

e0. ;one o% these.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: #

Page: 2(

1&50. A"ong the !eapons that the govern"ent uses to constrain *ournalistsis the

a0. threat o% the govern"ent<s revoing a *ournalist<s license.

b0. en%orce"ent o% the Freedo" o% 'n%or"ation 9e%or" Act o%1.

c0. need %or *ournalists to stay on good ter"s !ith their inside

sources o% in%or"ation.d0. threat that press o%%icers !ill bypass the local "edia and reach

the national "edia directly.

e0. the -upre"e #ourts ruling in #haplins'y v% New !ampshire.

Type: #onceptual

Ans: #

Page: 2(

1&0. A"ong the !eapons that the govern"ent uses to constrain *ournalists

is the


b0. en%orce"ent o% the Freedo" o% 'n%or"ation 9e%or" Act o%

1.c0. use o% leas and bacground stories to !in or re!ard

*ournalistic %riends.

d0. threat that press o%%icers !ill bypass the local "edia and reach

the national "edia directly.


Type: #onceptualAns: #

Page: 2(

1&0. A"ong the !eapons that the govern"ent uses to constrain *ournalistsis the


b0. en%orce"ent o% the Freedo" o% 'n%or"ation 9e%or" Act o%

1.

c0. denying o% a *ournalist<s access to canned ne!s.d0. president<s o!n syste" o% re!ards and punish"ents to

*ournalists.


Type: Factual

Ans: /

Page: 2(

1&60. The source o% a bacground story is typically

a0. one o% the !ire services.


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b0. not identi%ied by na"e.

c0. the president<s press secretary.

d0. the president hi"sel%.e0. the presidents chie% o% sta%%.

Type: Factual

Ans: D

Page: 2

1&0. The president !ho "ade the "istae o% attacing the "edia publiclyrather than privately !as

a0. D!ight $isenho!er.

b0. Bohn Eennedy.c0. yndon Bohnson.

d0. 9ichard ;ixon.

e0. erald Ford.

TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

Ans: True

Page: 251

1(00. 3ith the decline o% political parties+ the i"portance o% the "edia has

increased.

Ans: False

Page: 251

1(10. The ,nited -tates places greater restrictions on its "edia than does

France or reat /ritain.

Ans: True

Page: 252

1(20. The "edia have to deal !ith %e!er govern"ental restrictions in the

,nited -tates than in reat /ritain.

Ans: True

Page: 252

1(&0. 3hen printed state"ents ridicule the"+ public %igures in $ngland

%re=uently sue ne!spapers and collect.

Ans: False

Page: 252

1((0. The ,.-. %ederal govern"ent can dictate to or censor the television

through its licensing procedures.

Ans: False

Page: 252

1(50. The in%luence o% the "edia on politics has re"ained about as strong

in the t!entieth century as in the nineteenth.

Ans: True

Page: 252

1(0. 'n the early years o% the republic+ ne!spapers !ere co""only

sponsored by the political parties.

Ans: FalsePage: 252

1(0. 'n the early years o% the republic+ ne!spapers !ere independent o% politicians and political parties.

Ans: True

Page: 252

1(60. ;e!spapers in the early republic reached only a s"all and select

portion o% the citi8enry.


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Ans: False

Page: 252

1(0. /y 1600+ press readership included people %ro" all !als o% li%e.

Ans: FalsePage: 252

1500. The govern"ent %unded partisan press !as the invention o% Tho"asBe%%erson.

Ans: True

Page: 252

1510. The nations earliest ne!spapers !ere relentlessly partisan.

Ans: False

Page: 25&

1520. The e%%ect o% the appearance o% the Associated Press in 16(6 !as to

%urther increase the partisan and biased nature o% reporting.

Ans: False

Page: 25&

15&0. @assreadership ne!spapers o% the 1600s !ere nonpartisan.

Ans: True

Page: 25(

15(0. The "assne!spaper era+ !hich began during the last hal% o% the

nineteenth century+ sa! the e"ergence o% "ass politics and a largeelectorate.

Ans: False

Page: 25(

1550. ;e!spapers %or a "ass audience did not e"erge until the 120s.

Ans: True

Page: 255

150. ;ational interest groups developed through the e"ergence o%

national "aga8ines.

Ans: TruePage: 25( 150. The G"an !ith the "uc raeG !as originally a character in Bohn/unyan<s ilgrim"s rogress.

Ans: TruePage: 255

1560. Politics do"inated the pages o% "ost national "aga8ines in the latenineteenth century.

Ans: True

Page: 25

150. 'ncreasing usage o% sound bites by television net!ors has "ade it

harder %or presidential candidates to get their "essages across to the public.

Ans: True

Page: 25

100. The average ne!s sound bite %or a presidential contender in 2000 !as

less than 6 seconds.

Ans: False

Page: 25

110. A visual is a shre!dly photographed i"age co""ercial %or a

candidate.

Ans: True 120. A visual re%ers to a candidate<s appearance on television+ not


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Page: 25 including paid ads.

Ans: False

Page: 25

1&0. 9esearch sho!s strong negative conse=uences %ro" the recent

changes in politicians< access to the "edia.

Ans: False

Page: 25

1(0. 9esearch sho!s strong positive conse=uences %ro" the recent

changes in politicians< access to the "edia.

Ans: True

Page: 25

150. The ne!est electronic source o% ne!s is the 'nternet and the 3orld

3ide 3eb.

Ans: True

Page: 25

10. The 'nternet is the ulti"ate %ree "aret in political ne!s+ since no

one can ban+ control+ or regulate it and no one can eep %acts or

nonsense o%% o% it.

Ans: True

Page: 25

10. 7verall+ the nu"ber o% daily ne!spapers in the nation today is not

"uch di%%erent than in the 150s.

Ans: False

Page: 25

160. The nu"ber o% daily ne!spapers in this country has declined

substantially over the past thirty years.

Ans: True

Page: 25

10. There !as a signi%icant decline in the nu"ber o% cities !ith

co"peting daily ne!spapers during the 100s.

Ans: True

Page: 25

100. 'n "a*or cities+ co"petition bet!een daily ne!spapers has been

declining "aredly.

Ans: False

Page: 25

110. 7ver the last &0 years+ ne!spaper circulation has increased.

Ans: False

Page: 25

120. People continue to get "ost o% their ne!s %ro" ne!spapers.

Ans: False

Page: 25

1&0. Federal o%%icials pay about the sa"e attention to national as to local

"edia co""ents about the".

Ans: True

Page: 25

1(0. -ince the 10s+ young people have beco"e less interested in

political ne!s.


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Ans: True

Page: 25

150. overn"ent o%%icials in 3ashington pay relatively little attention to

local ne!spapers and broadcasters.

Ans: False

Page: 25

10. Bournalists !ho !or %or the national press tend to be "ore

conservative than those !ho !or %or the local press.

Ans: False

Page: 256

10. The text suggests there are only ten truly national ne!spapers.

Ans: FalsePage: 256

160. A study has sho!n that the contents o% each evenings ne!s broadcasts signi%icantly shapes the content o% the %ront page o% the

"orning edition o% the New (or' )imes.

Ans: TruePage: 25

10. Auto"obile sa%ety and !ater pollution !ere not "a*or political issuesuntil the national press began giving substantial attention to these

"atters.

Ans: TruePage: 25

1600. @edia attention to cri"e increased in the 10s but slacened in the10s despite the %act that cri"e generally continued to go up.

Ans: False

Page: 25

1610. The "edia pay little attention to the 'o!a caucus because the state is

not representative o% the nation as a !hole and produces only a tiny

%raction o% convention delegates.

Ans: True

Page: 20

1620. The national "edia play the role o% !atchdog over the %ederal

govern"ent.

Ans: False

Page: 20

16&0. The role o% !atchdog over govern"ent is played "ore by the local

than the national "edia.

Ans: False

Page: 20

16(0. Federal regulation o% the "edia is concentrated on the least

co"petitive sector.

Ans: False

Page: 20

1650. The "ost co"petitive sector o% the "edia consists o% bigcity

ne!spapers.

Ans: True

Page: 20

160. A"erican courts have developed libel la! in such a "anner that it is

very di%%icult %or public o%%icials or pro"inent persons to sue and

collect da"ages.

Ans: False

Page: 21

160. '% a paper attacs a person in print+ it has a legal obligation to provide

a space %or that person to reply.


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Ans: True

Page: 21

1660. ;o one "ay operate a radio station !ithout a license %ro" the Federal

#o""unications #o""ission.

Ans: False

Page: 20

160. ;o one "ay operate a ne!spaper !ithout a license %ro" the Federal

#o""unications #o""ission.

Ans: True

Page: 21

100. ;o one "ay operate a television station !ithout a license %ro" the

Federal #o""unications #o""ission.

Ans: False

Page: 21

110. Television stations "ust rene! licenses !ith the Federal

#o""unications #o""ission once every seven years.

Ans: False

Page: 21

120. Applications %or rene!al o% licenses are %re=uently re%used by the

Federal #o""unications #o""ission.

Ans: True

Page: 21

1&0. As a result o% the Teleco""unications Act o% 1+ a %e! large

co"panies no! o!n "ost o% the big"aret radio stations.

Ans: FalsePage: 22

1(0. The tougher editorial restrictions that acco"panied theTeleco""unications Act o% 1 has led to less variety o% opinions

and sho!s on radio.

Ans: True

Page: 22

150. The %airness doctrine obligated broadcasters to present contrasting

sides o% controversial issues.

Ans: True

Page: 22

10. A recent %ederal decision abolished the %airness doctrine.

Ans: False

Page: 22

10. The e=ual ti"e provision ensures that only "a*orparty contenders be

given e=ual ti"e by broadcasters.

Ans: True

Page: 22

160. According to the e=ual ti"e rule+ broadcasters !ho sell advertising

ti"e to one candidate "ust sell e=ual a"ounts at e=ual rates to the

candidate<s co"petitorCs.

Ans: True

Page: 2&

10. The "edia probably do have an e%%ect on ho! citi8ens thin and !hat

they thin about+ ho! they attribute responsibility %or proble"s+ !hat


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policy pre%erences they hold+ and !hat policy "aers do.

Ans: False

Page: 2&

2000. Television plays a "a*or role in shaping the opinions o% vie!ers and

thus a%%ects their voting behavior.

Ans: True

Page: 2(

2010. The e%%ects o% the "edia have "ore to do !ith ho! politics is

conducted than !ith ho! people vote.

Ans: TruePage: 2(

2020. ocal ne!spapers generally endorse 9epublican candidates %or the presidency.

Ans: False

Page: 2(

20&0. 'n "ost presidential elections+ local ne!spapers !ill endorse

9epublicans and De"ocrats in approxi"ately e=ual nu"bers.

Ans: TruePage: 2(

20(0. The issues that citi8ens %eel are i"portant are the sa"e issues thatne!spapers and television ne!scasts %eature.

Ans: False

Page: 2(

2050. Fre=uently+ the "ass "edia %ail to concentrate on public issues that

"ost people %eel are i"portant.

Ans: TruePage: 25

200. Television does less to deter"ine people<s opinions than to deter"inethe issues about !hich they should have opinions.

Ans: False

Page: 25

200. Those !ho get their ne!s %ro" television di%%er "aredly in their

political opinions %ro" those !ho get their ne!s %ro" the print

"edia.

Ans: FalsePage: 2

2060. A study o% the 1 presidential election discovered ne!spaperreaders sa! less ideological di%%erence bet!een the candidates

C#arter and Ford than did television vie!ers.

Ans: True

Page: 2

200. yndon Bohnson attributed the %ailure o% his !ar policy in ?ietna" to

the reporting o% 3alter #ronite and #-S News progra"s.

Ans: False

Page: 2

2100. Press secretaries at the 3hite >ouse go bac nearly as %ar as the

republic itsel%.

Ans: True

Page: 2

2110. The presidential press secretary is a relatively ne! 3hite >ouse

position+ dating %ro" the >oover ad"inistration.


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Ans: True

Page: 2

2120. The >ouse o% 9epresentatives preceded the -enate in allo!ing its

proceedings to be televised.

Ans: False

Page: 2

21&0. The -enate per"its "ore thorough coverage o% its proceedings than

does the >ouse.

Ans: True

Page: 26

21(0. 7ne reason ne!spapers have stopped issuing editorial endorse"ents

in presidential elections is that they are unliely to "ae a di%%erence.

Ans: True

Page: 26

2150. Bournalists are "uch "ore liberal than the public at large+ and those

in the national "edia are the "ost liberal o% all.

Ans: True

Page: 2

210. The vast "a*ority o% "edia leaders in 3ashington D.#. voted %or /ill

#linton in the 12 presidential election.

Ans: True

Page: 2

210. The text suggests that it !ould be astonishing i% belie%s and opinions

had no e%%ect on !hat is !ritten or broadcast.

Ans: False

Page: 2

2160. 'nsider stories concern public events that any reporter can %ind out

about but that %e! reporters bother to cover.

Ans: True

Page: 2

210. /y their nature+ insider stories are not available to the "edia at large.

Ans: FalsePage: 20

2200. The insider lea is a co"paratively ne! pheno"enon in ,.-. politics.

Ans: True

Page: 21

2210. eas to the press go bac as %ar as govern"ent itsel%.

Ans: TruePage: 21

2220. 'n recent years reporters have tended to beco"e increasinglysuspicious o% o%%icialdo" in general.

Ans: False

Page: 21

22&0. @ore "utual trust has characteri8ed relations bet!een o%%icials and

*ournalists in recent years.

Ans: False

Page: 21

22(0. A recent poll suggests "ost A"ericans oppose the idea o% re=uiring a

license to practice *ournalis".


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Ans: True

Page: 21

2250. A recent poll suggests a "a*ority o% A"ericans support court

i"posed %ines %or inaccurate or biased reporting.

Ans: False

Page: 21

220. Attacing public %igures in the "edia has beco"e a pro%essional

taboo.

Ans: True

Page: 22

220. The public<s con%idence in big business+ and in the business o% the

"edia+ has eroded.

Ans: True

Page: 2&

2260. A%ter the terrorist attac on the ,nited -tates on -epte"ber 11+ 2001+

the public expressed "ore con%idence in the accuracy o% "edia

reporting.

Ans: True

Page: 2&

220. 9esearch sho!s that negative advertising not only changes the

pre%erences o% voters+ but it also reduces voter turnout.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

2&00. #o"pare %reedo" o% the press in the ,nited -tates !ith that in other nations generally+ and particularly !ith

that in France and reat /ritain.

Answer

a0. enerally: The ,nited -tates is one o% only sixteen out o% ninety%ive nations !here the "edia en*oy a

high degree o% %reedo"

b0. France: All broadcasting operated by the govern"ent heavy %ines levied %or criticis" o% o%%icials

c0. reat /ritain: ibel la!s "ore stringent on press CG"aliceG need not be proved 7%%icial -ecrets Actas opposed to Freedo" o% 'n%or"ation Act.

Page: 251252

2&10. ist and brie%ly explain the %our periods o% *ournalistic history in the ,nited -tates.

Answer

a0. Party press: papers subsidi8ed by political parties addressed s"all elite ruthlessly partisan

b0. Popular press: rotary press and telegraph gave rise to !ire services "assbased papers beca"e very

po!er%ul so"eti"es associated !ith yello! *ournalis"

c0. @aga8ines o% opinion: reaction o% "iddle class to yello! *ournalis" led to less extre"is"+ "ore

nonpartisan political coverage

d0. $lectronic *ournalis": direct politicianvoter lin+ but selective vie!ing possible need %or dra"a to

obtain coverage

Page: 25225

2&20. Discuss the in%luence on politics that the national "edia can have as gateeepers+ as scoreeepers+ and as

!atchdogs. /e sure to de%ine and give an exa"ple o% each o% these ter"s.

Answer

a0. ateeeper: !hat beco"es an issue and ho! long it re"ains so+ %or exa"ple cri"e


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b0. -coreeeper: "aing or breaing politician<s reputations by "entioning the" Ce.g.+ Bi""y #arter+

ary >art

c0. 3atchdog: exa"ining political and personal lives+ especially o% the po!er%ul Ce.g.+ ary >art

Page: 25620

2&&0. The content o% radio and television is regulated in !ays the content o% ne!spapers is not. $xplain the

%ollo!ing regulations: e=ual ti"e rule+ right o% reply rule+ and political editoriali8ing rule.

Answer

a0. $=ual ti"e rule: i% a station sells ti"e to one candidate+ it "ust be !illing to sell e=ual ti"e %or

opposing candidates.

b0. 9ight o% reply rule: i% a person is attaced on a broadcast other than in a regular ne!s progra"+ that

person has the right to reply over the sa"e station.

c0. Political editoriali8ing rule: i% a broadcaster endorses a candidate+ the opposing candidate has a right

to reply.

Page: 2122

2&(0. #o"pare and contrast routine+ selected+ and insider stories+ noting the possible proble"s o% reporter and

source bias in each type o% story.

Answer

a0. 9outine: public events regularly covered by reporters+ co"paratively little o% bias

b0. -elected: public events no!able to in=uiring reporters but not usually reported+ bias o%

reporterHeditor "ay %igure pro"inently in selection

c0. 'nsider: events not usually public+ revealed because so"eone inside reveals the"+ proble" o% the

"otive o% the leaer

Page: 220

ESSAY QUESTIONS

2&50. The print and broadcast "edia play di%%erent roles in politics. #o"pare ho! these t!o %or"s o% "ediainteract !ith politics in substantially di%%erent !ays.

Answer

a0. $lectronic "edia have contributed to the decline in party loyalties by enabling candidates to develop

personal %ollo!ings outside the party structure.

b0. #o"petition is "ore intense in the broadcast "edia+ producing "ore e"phasis on the sensational.

c0. The govern"ent is "ore involved in the regulation o% the broadcast "edia through licensing and+ as a

result+ has in%luenced the content o% the ne!s by i"posing rules such as the e=ual ti"e regulation.

d0. The public "ore readily trusts television ne!s over the ne!spapers. Bournalists also tend to be "ore

liberal than the general public.

e0. ;e!spaper *ournalists have "ore pro%essional %reedo" than broadcast *ournalists.

Page: 251255

#hapter: 100

2&0. Argue that the in%luence o% politics and the govern"ent on the "edia is greater than the reverse. Does one

type o% "edia Cbroadcast or print have an advantage in its relationship to the political process4 $xa"ine the

advantages o% each in %or"ing a conclusion.

Answer


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a0. 9eporters "ust co"pro"ise their o!n vie!s to eep access to a source. Thus govern"ent sources can

in%luence the conclusions o% "any ne!s reports.

b0. Politicians grant or !ithhold intervie!s and scoops depending on a reporter<s prior articles.

c0. The govern"ent regulates the broadcast "edia to serve the public interest. This ensures that all sides

o% an issue are covered not "erely the opinion o% the radio or television station o!ners.

d0. The advantages o% the broadcast "edia over the print "edia are: television is the "ost trusted %or" o%"edia television is the pri"ary source o% ne!s %or "ost A"ericans television reaches "ore people.

e0. The disadvantages o% the broadcast "edia co"pared to the print "edia are: educated people rely "ore

heavily on ne!spapers+ and they are "ore liely to participate in the political process the broadcast

"edia are "ore closely regulated by the govern"ent people use selective attention and "ental

tuneout to %ilter the broadcast "edia.

Page: 2&2

2&0. /y the 160s sex and politics !ere extensively covered by the "edia. This greater propensity to

sensationali8e the ne!s !as in star contrast to the "edia<s behavior during earlier decades o% the 100s.

Discuss !hat see"s to be responsible %or the shi%t.

Answer

a0. ;ot politics. All o% the people !ho" the press covered or reported on !ere De"ocrats.

b0. $cono"ics !as a reason. @ore intense co"petition a"ong radio and television stations+ cable ne!s

net!ors+ and radio tal sho!s "eant that each had a s"aller share o% the audience. To attract any

audience at all+ each had a big incentive to rely on sensational ne!s stories: sex+ violence+ and

intrigue.

c0. Bournalists !ere another reason. 9eporters !ere !illing to brea stories that had only one unna"ed

source+ and o%ten not a source at all but a ru"or posted on the 'nternet. As a result+ reporters !ere

easily "anipulated by sources than once !as the case.

Page: 2&2

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114572392-MC12 AP GOV

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