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Affordable Rapid Mass Housing
National Symposium on Affordable Housing, New Delhi
22 July 2013
Department of Civil Engineering
IIT Madras, Chennai
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As of 2012:
Urban Housing Shortage : 18.78 Mi Units
Rural Housing Shortage : 40 Mi Units
EWS:10.55 Mi
Units
LIG: 7.41Mi Units
MIG+ : 0.82Mi Units
Distribution of 2012 Housing
shortage among Economic
categories (in Millions)
25 m2
Carpet area
50 m2
80 m2
AnnualIncome:
EWS: Rs 90,000
LIG: Rs 120,000MIG: Rs 300,000
Affordable?
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Earlier Mass Housing was mostly a Government activity Archaic laws restricted availability of Urban Land for Large
Housing Projects
Emphasis on labor orientated Technologies led to lower
productivity
There were No Incentives for Standardization of Designs &
Use of Prefabricated Building Elements
High Cost of Capital
OPPORTUNITIES
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Need for Applied Research for
Infrastructure Development of India
Affordable housing: design & construction method optimization
Technology relevant to India
Experience of other countries not directly usable due to highcosts
Social relevance and acceptability
Comprehensive solution to make private & public sectors deliverwith reasonable profit
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Issues of Concern
Affordability: target clientele
Scalability: mass housing, prefabrication, modular
construction
Sustainability: embodied energy, CO2emission, recycling
Local availability / scarcity of materials (river sand) Rapidityin construction
Structural stability and strength (earthquake resistance)
Functionality: space utility, lighting, ventilation
Aesthetics
Constructability: quality, planning, skill and safety issues
Durability: maintenance issues, life of structure
Government policies, subsidies 7
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Recent methods in Housing construction
Precast construction
Tunnel form construction
Large area formwork construction
Lightweight concrete construction
Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) housing system
GFRG building system
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Largest light weight wall panel
3m
44 kg/m2
Gypsum plaster, reinforced with chopped glass fibres, 300 350 mm long (0.8 kg/m2)
GFRG wall panel (Rapidwall)an alternative building material, introduced in 1990
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Advantages of GFRG Building Systems
reduction in structural weight of building
saving of cement, steel, sand, water
more carpet area
saving of construction time
reduction in emission of CO2
effective use of industrial waste product suited for affordable mass housing
As lightweight load bearing walls
As partition infill wallsin framed buildings
As shear walls*
As floor slabs / roof slabs: with reinforced concrete micro beams*.
Applications
*Design and construction methodology developed at IIT Madras10
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Outcome of R&D work
at Structural Engg Lab,
IIT Madras, since 2004:
To enable IIT Madras to complete R&D efforts and promote technology transfer, Dept
of Science & Technology, Govt of India has recently awarded a project with funding ofRs 13.2 million; additional support from industry. 11
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Design options : positioning of rebars
Presence of rebars in the concrete does not add to the axial strength
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1.02 m Wide panel Subjected to only reverse cyclic load
Hysteretic Behaviour
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2.02 m wide panels having door opening and subjected to constant axial
load & in-plane lateral reversed cyclic loading.
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GFRG Building System ------ G 7 at Mumbai
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With 2-3 GFRG panels a small house can be builtwhich is strong and durable, with living comfort.
By cutting into required sizes, 4 for four walls, 2 pieces as roofingpanels for sloped roof, a small house can be built within days
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Mass Housing Using GFRG Panelssingle storey
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19GFRG demo building at IIT Madras (1981 sq ft)
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GFRG demo building at IIT Madras (1981 sq ft) kindly check youtube link:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUQEUcB7cMM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUQEUcB7cMMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUQEUcB7cMM8/13/2019 11_Meher Prasad_Tech for Mass Housing
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GFRG Demo Building at IIT Madras
Typical floor planBuilt area =1981.3 sq.ft.
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PRECAST HOUSING
Precast components used
Footings
Columns Floor / Roof beams
Floor / Roof planks
Wall panels
Stair flights
Cup boards
Kitchen platforms
Water tanks
Ground + 4-floor structure
45 flats each of built-up area 28 square metre
Total precast concept
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Precast Technology in Housing
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Precast Integral Wall System
Project: Slum rehabilitation housing at Bhoiwada,
Mumbai for M/s Omkar Realtors.
24 (Photo Courtesy: L&T, Mumbai)
Ground Floor: Cast-in-Place
construction (H=4.15m)
Typical Floors (1-23): Precast
Bearing Wall system (H=2.85m)
Tallest Precast Building in India
70 m tall with plan 45.8m19.69m
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Tallest Precast Building in India
25Side Elevation Front Elevation
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Ground Floor Plan (Cast-in-Situ)
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Ground Floor Plan ( 250and 200mm thick Walls ; Built-up Area 745 m2)
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Typical Floor Plan (Precast)
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Typical Floor Plan
(160 mm thick Walls and 150 mm thick slabs; Built-up Area 875 m2)
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Typical Floor Elements (Precast)
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Types of Precast Elements used for construction (Courtesy: L&T )
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Typical Floor Elements (Precast)
29Assembling of one unit with common area (Courtesy: L&T )
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Precast Construction Sequence
30Sequence of Execution of Precast Portion (Courtesy: L&T )
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Precast Construction
31 (Photo Courtesy: L&T, Mumbai )
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Light weight
Simple connection arrangement
Easy to handle
More than 100 repetitions
Eliminates use of P & M
Improves Labour productivity
MECHANIZED FORMWORK SYSTEM
TUNNEL FORM
ALUMINIUM FORMWORK
RCC floor slab & walls cast inone pour
Quick stripping & form removal
One / two flats in one-day cycle
TISCO
Jamshedpur
L&T FLEX TABLE SYSTEM
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L&T FLEX TABLE SYSTEM
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TENEMENTS FOR SLUM
REHABILITATION
AT MUMBAI
NO. OF HOUSES 5,900
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CIDCO MASS
HOUSING
KHARGAR, MUMBAI
NO. OF HOUSES 1456
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Aluminium Formwork -MIVAN
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Cold Form Steel
G+3 CFS House at Raigarh,
Chattisgarh, --- J B Infra Pvt Ltd