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æìãbÔÛaëéÔÐÛaòÜ© Š’ÇÉibÛa…†ÈÛa Z ÷‰bß 2014 ﺭﺩﻣﺪ0615 - 2336 ….……………………………………………………… N …………… N .…………… 6 א א אא א دو ìЖÛaa†jÇïÜÇÝÏìã‰ìn׆Ûa‡bnþaòÜîšÏ…a†Çgåß O ïöbä¦aæìãbÔÛa¿êa‰ìn×… O bîÛbyÝ•ì½aòÈßbu¿ÖìÔ§aòîÜ׿ډb’½aïöbä¦aæìãbÔÛa‡bnc O ÖìÔ§aòîÜ׿âbÈÛaÊŠÐÛaîö‰ I bÔib OH pbÈßb¦aå߆í†ÈÛa¿Š™bª òîÓaŠÈÛa ñ†zn½aòîiŠÈÛapa‰bß/aòÛë…¿æbàvÇòÈßbu¿ë ‰ìn׆Ûa‡bnþaòÜîšÏë lbĐïãìdžÛb O ïöbä¦aæìãbÔÛa¿êa‰ìn×… ÖaŠÈÛa¿Ý•ì½aòÈßbu¿ÖìÔ§aòîÜ×åß _ ïãìãbÓŠ™bªësybi ABSTRACT : Proof is considered as one of the most important criminal law subjects and it is regarded as the most applicable one in practical life. It is a procedure work which aims to present the evidence before the specialized authorities in a tangible fact in order to prove accusation against the suspect or clear his side by means of using legislation means. There are three kinds of proof systems: the restricted, the ultimate and the mixed systems. The judge authority in accepting the evidence is influenced by the kind of proof system. Since the purpose of proof is to reach fact, the way to fulfill that is then using means that can suit the type of the crime. The means of proof is everything that is used to prove the fact. The use of the modern technical means has lead to a scientific revolution in the criminal proof field. There has been fear in the fact that using these means may lead to avoid the personal rights. In this study, we have researched in some of the commonly and used means in numerous countries. The means that have been used in this study are: he DNA, the palatal rugae, the eye print, the voice print, the radar and surveillance cameras. The importance of these modern means has surpassed all other means have been proved to be of high precision. The studies and the scientific experiments have proved the efficiency and the precision of these means which
Transcript
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� @ìЖÛa@�a†jÇ@ïÜÇ@ÝÏìã@‰ìn׆Ûa@‡bn�þa@òÜîšÏ@…a†Çg@åßO

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ABSTRACT :

Proof is considered as one of the most important criminal law subjects and it is regarded

as the most applicable one in practical life. It is a procedure work which aims to present the

evidence before the specialized authorities in a tangible fact in order to prove accusation against

the suspect or clear his side by means of using legislation means. There are three kinds of proof

systems: the restricted, the ultimate and the mixed systems. The judge authority in accepting the

evidence is influenced by the kind of proof system. Since the purpose of proof is to reach fact,

the way to fulfill that is then using means that can suit the type of the crime. The means of

proof is everything that is used to prove the fact. The use of the modern technical means has

lead to a scientific revolution in the criminal proof field. There has been fear in the fact that

using these means may lead to avoid the personal rights.

In this study, we have researched in some of the commonly and used means in numerous

countries. The means that have been used in this study are: he DNA, the palatal rugae, the eye

print, the voice print, the radar and surveillance cameras. The importance of these modern

means has surpassed all other means have been proved to be of high precision. The studies and

the scientific experiments have proved the efficiency and the precision of these means which

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have almost reached to 97%. This percentage has added authenticity to these means that the

court can rely on when issuing the judgment even if there is not any other evidence.

These means are considered legitimate since they do not oppose any lawful principle,

which demands rejecting them provided that conditions should be kept. The judge authority is

restricted in estimating the scientific value of evidence in monitoring the legality of the

procedure and does not extend to estimating the scientific value of evidence because these

evidences are scientific consistent facts.

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(1) Helen Wells : Speed Cameras. 2004, p.4. b8ح +*( ا!'ا�/% :.http://Parliament.uk/documents/post/postpn218.pdf qB. !رة ا��ر�z ز�< :19/11/2010 .

(2) Misty A. Boos ; Speed cameras as a tool to radar road fatalities, 2009,p.3. b8ح +*( ا!'ا�/% : http://vtrc.virginiadot.org/rsb/RSb23.pdf. ==

==zر��< qB. !رة ا� 25/9/2010: ز�

(3) Golden beld, CH : Publiek draagvlak voor verkeersveiligheic en. Veiligheid smaat regelen. 2003, p.2. cited

by : Amanda Delaney, Heather ward, Max Cameron. The History and Development of Speed Camera use, 2005, p.10.

b8ح +*( ا!'ا�/% : http://monash.edu/muarc/reports/muare242.pdf. qB. !رة ا��ر�z ز�< :4/11/2010 .

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(1) Amanda Delaney, Heather Ward, Max Cameron, Op. Cit., p.13; Helen Wells, Op. Cit., p.2 ; Admissibility of Radar Evidence Need for Legislation,

b8ا!'ا : http://www.wcl.american.eduljournal/Lawrevol5/Lipshultz.pdf. qB. !رة ا��ر�z ز�<4/11/2010 .

�!Lل .د: وآ�7). إ�/'ا>�C^C وOC*H/! �C�M ا!).ادث ا! 'ور�� ، ا! N> ' ا!.�M, اeول !*JG%� ا! 'ور�� ، : - �ل +�4 ا! )G= +�4 ا!��ت ا! 'ور�� ، : +�4 ا!'n =8 XCn .د ا!gه'ا7, . ؛ د 90هـ ، ص1418ا!'��ض ، –ا!G�.د�� :!��ت ا!)��<� @, ا!/OC*H %= ا! ;C�H/!دور ا

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� ، : ؛ %) � n =8 �ان ا!�/4C, 287هـ ، ص 1925ا! N> ' ا!.�M, ا!<�JG*! ,7%� ا! 'ور�� ، ًC!Q �6D:nت ا! 'ور�� و�:!�>OC^G ا! ;�ت ا! 'ور�� %= : 0%*� 8= 7�W' ا!6 �ش ؛ 438هـ ، ص1425ا!'��ض ، -ا! N> ' ا!.�M, ا!<�JG*! ,7%� ا! 'ور�� ، ا!G�.د�� :!�ا! ;

. 97هـ ، ص1425، ا!'��ض -ا!G�.د�� واqB ا! 'ور ، ا! N> ' ا!.�M, ا!<�JG*! ,7%� ا! 'ور�� ،

(2) Wisconsin in Supreme Courtraling " State of Wisconsin v Lawrence. Hanson (1978 wi). 270 NW. 2d212 ; Ohio Court of Appeals Ruling, "States of Ohio v Wilcox (1974)"; Minnesota Supreme Court Raling " States V Gerdes. (1971/NW) 191.NW.2d428".

b8ا!'ا )*+ �n�: هL[ ا!H'ارات %/ Http://copradar.com/preview/chapt10/ch10d4.html.

qB. !رة ا��ر�z ز�<4/11/2010 . Arrété du 6 Janvier 1991, Jo.2 Févvier 1991, p.1743; Crim., 4 Févvier 1980, C.P.1980, 2, p. 587; Crim., 16 Mars 1994, Lexilaser casspourvoi No 9284529: CA. Rennes, 9 Févvier 1990, G.P. 1992,1, Somm., p. 203.

�6C!ر إ�pد: أ . 'CcP!ا ,B�. و%� 8��ه� �P%40ر ��E8 ، ص: - OC +�4 ا!4 (3) Amanda Delaney, Heather Ward, Max Cameron : Op. Cit., p.17. (4) Misty A. Boosi, Op. Cit., p.3;

O4H !8= +�4 ا� ا = n'!ص: +�4 ا ، E8� . �P%287ر �

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(2) Clive Norris and Micheal Mc Cahill. CCTV in London. Working paper No.6. Analyzing the Employment of CCTV in European Cities and Assessing its== ==Social and Political Impacts. RTG-Project (September 2001-February 2004) . Project Co-ordineiti centre for Technology and Society. Technical University Berlin. http://www.urbaneye.net/results/uewp6.pdf.

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(1) Alois Statzer, Michael Zehnde, Die Autoren : Camera Sur-veillance as a Measure of Counterterrorism, 2010, p.6. ==

== b8ح +*( ا!'ا�/% : 102.pdf.-125workingpaper-ttp://wwz.unibas.ch/uploads/txx4epublication/Dh

qB. *! رة��g!ا zر��< :25/9/2010 �ء ا!^��S,، ط%.�( %G�.د أر4B ، �%.n.ل ا!�!OC . د )2(dH!م ا��زي، 1ا!�* , ا%c�8 ،37.� ر�B ��%�ه�%� 541-540، ص ص 1999، -

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(3) Clive Norris and Michael McCahill. Op. Cit., p.21. (4) Nick Toylor, State Surveillance and the Right to Privacy, Society & Surveillance, 2002, 1(1), p.66-85.

b8ح +*( ا!'ا�/% : http://www.surveillance-and-society.org/articles1/statesurv.pdf.

zر��< qB. *! رة��g!25/9/2010: ا (5) Marta Mourao Kanashiro : Surveillance Cameras in Brazil , exclusion, mobility, regulation, and the new

meanings of security, society and surveillance, 2008, Vol.5, No.3, p. 270-289. http://www.surceillance-and-society.org/articles5(3)/brazil.pdf. qB. *! رة��g!ا zر��< :19/9/2010 (6) Alois Stutzer, Michael Zehnde, Die Autoren : Op. Cit., p.6.

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Counterterrorism, 2010 http://wwz.unibas.ch/uploads/txx4epublication/D-

125workingpaper-102.pdf.

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3- Johan Dr wood ward, Jr.Esg: Privacy Vs. security Electronic Surveillance in the Nations

Capital, RANO's Publications. 2002.

http://www.rand.org/pubs/testimonies/2005/ct144.pdf.

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1- The Australian Law of Traffic and Public Transportation 2005 (No.1).


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