12 May 2004

Rafael LucasNavigation Applications and Users Service Office

Rafael.Lucas.Rodriguez@esa.int

The Exploitation of ESTB to The Exploitation of ESTB to DemonstrateDemonstrate SatSatelite Navigation elite Navigation

CapabilitiesCapabilities in the in the Several Transport DomainsSeveral Transport Domains

12 May 2004

Summary• EGNOS System Test Bed (ESTB)•Maritime Applications•Rail Applications•Road Applications•Aviation•Others

12 May 2004

ESTB Operations in Parallel to EGNOS Development

EGNOS TEST BED (ESTB)DevelopmentOperations

System Detailed Design

System HW/SW Developments

Site Preparation

System Deployment

System Technical Validation

System Operational Validation

PDR

SIS

FQR ORR

EGNOS TEST BED (ESTB)DevelopmentOperations

System Detailed Design

System HW/SW Developments

Site Preparation

System Deployment

System Technical Validation

System Operational Validation

System Detailed Design

System HW/SW Developments

Site Preparation

System Deployment

System Technical Validation

System Operational Validation

PDRPDR

SISSIS

FQR ORRORR

00 01 03 04

12 May 2004

ESTB Stations(Europe and Extensions)

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ESTB Performance

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ESTB Performance

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LOPOSDGNSS-Antenna

EGNOSGNSS-Antenna

Harbour Trials(with ESTB)

• Trials carried out in the Hamburg harbour in December 2002

• EGNOS proved to be a reliable system even under

unfavourable conditions, compared to Radar

• Positioning, True Heading, Angular Velocity and

Acceleration and radius of turn was possible with

specific set-up (two antennas on each side of the vessel)

12 May 2004

EGNOS-AIS Trials

• Trondheim (N) in June 2003

• Accuracy of EGNOS after adaptation

to AIS was comparable to IALA DGPS (1-2 m).

• EGNOS accuracy can support AIS

alarming system to prevent ships

collision.

*) EGNOS –TRAN project: KONGSBERG Seatex

12 May 2004

In-land Waterways Transport

Ship Segment

Shore Segment

Regional Segment

Operator Segment

External Segment

GPS/GALILEO

EGNOS

• Pilot Project under development in the Danube river.• Integration of AIS information in a River Information System.• EGNOS disseminated via AIS.

Trials with ESTB in China(see video at www.esa.int)

12 May 2004

Maritime Conclusions • Based on our experience with the EGNOS Test-Bed (ESTB),

GPS+EGNOS accuracy is similar to existing coastal DGPS services to support ship navigation.

• Applications to improve the situational awareness on the ship are being introduced based on AIS (Automatic Identification System).

• GNSS is an adequate input of position for AIS.

• When AIS-based applications are used in critical environments the integrity of EGNOS is very important.

12 May 2004

Maritime: some of the challenges

• Dissemination of EGNOS data in restricted field of view environments (e.g. fjords).

– Dissemination via AIS comm channel.– Dissemination via EGNOS pseudolite. – Dissemination via GPRS.

• Standardization

• Combination of AIS information with radar (different quality, different reference systems).

12 May 2004

Maritime Conclusions• Appart from AIS, other maritime applications

deserve attention:

• High precision, high reliability: e.g. off-shore platforms.

• Regulated applications: fishing, customs,…

12 May 2004

Rail Transport Applications

• GNSS is being already widely used for not critical applications (e.g. fleet management).

• The challenge is to introduce GNSS as a technology for safety critical functions: train control (e.g. to know that trains occupying the same track are sufficiently separated).

• Different requirements depending on the density of traffic.• High integrity requirements: risk due to wrong position < 10-11/hour

• The benefit is the reduction of operational cost by reducing the need of rail-track side equipment (balises) with intelligent on-the-train units in areas of low density traffic.

• Interoperable GNSS-based, rail-track side equipment appears to be the way forward.

• Some low density traffic lines may not be equipped with any equipment at all, relying on manual operations (e.g. unguarded train crossings).

• Several projects have been launched to support the introduction of GNSS (EGNOS first and then Galileo) in train control applications.

12 May 2004

Rail Transport Applications

• GNSS has always being used:

• Combined with odometer (wheel sensor) to cope with lack of availability (I.e. tunnels),

• Constraining the position of the train to the known track (track matching). This improves integrity and availability but problem when parallel tracks.

• In addition other approaches:

a) Integrate GNSS with inertial to improve integrity,

b) Exploit the redundancy in the constellation to improve integrity: Only two satellites are needed to compute a train fix on the known track.

c) A combination of both.

• Trials executed

or on-going.

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Automated Level Crossing

• Simple fusion of EGNOS, odometer and map matching by interpolation.

• Barrier activated by radio.

• Improves road traffic flow by adapting the activation of the barrier to the actual speed of the train.

Example of GNSS being applied as an efficient solution to automatize level crossings in sparcely populated areas

(ECORAIL project)

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Adapting the GNSS position calculation algorithm(LOCOPROL/LOCOLOC Project)

• Only two satellites used for computing the position of the train.

• Three pairs of satellites used for determining the region where the train is more likely to be (200 m width)

• Only GNSS and odometer used.

12 May 2004

Integration with other sensors(INTEGRAIL Project, using ESTB)

• Hybrid, fault tolerant position determination via GPS/EGNOS receiver, odometer or along-track accelerometer, azimuth sensor, and digital track map.

• Precision of the hybrid position solution: 10m along-track; 1m cross-track (2 sigma) for safe discrimination of adjacent tracks.

12 May 2004

Road Transport Applications

• In-car navigation systems are starting to be introduced now in mass-market.

• Focus of ESA activities is on applications leading to a public benefit:

• Road tolling (short to medium term)• Improve traffic flow (long term)• Improve road safety (long term)

• European Directive on Interoperability of Road Tolling Systems approved in April 04. Recommends to use GNSS + GPRS in all new tolling systems as from 2007.

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• Road Tolling based on GNSS requires a system to monitor the integrity of GNSS (EGNOS for GPS, Galileo for its own), otherwise invoices could be challenged and/or accuracy not sufficient.

• Road Tolling is not a real-time application: need to know where the vehicle has been with high integrity.

• Other technical challenges:• Enforcement (e.g. jamming of GNSS signals)• Availability, when road tolling extended to area tolling in urban and sub-

urban areas.

• ESA is exploring those critical issues in coordination with related EC and GJU projects. The goal is to arrive to a standard, interoperable solution across Europe.

Road Transport Applications

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ARMAS project

Regional Navigation Control Centre Demonstrator

In-Car System Demonstrator

• Demonstrations carried out in Lisbon.• Analyses of critical issues is on-going.

12 May 2004

EGNOS-VDL-4 Trials• Trials carried out at Kiruna airport in

March 2003

• Dissemination of EGNOS data via standard ground-air and ground-ground VHF link (VDL-4).

• Low cost alternative to deployment

of local differential stations.

• Aircraft navigation.

• Surveillance of vehicles at the

airports.

*) EGNOS-TRAN project: Telespazio(I), Swedavia (S)

12 May 2004

Urban Areas - SISNET• Dissemination of EGNOS messages

via internet.

• EGNOS data available even in urban environment.

• SISNET technology is particularly well suited for Location Based Services (LBS)

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• Blind pedestrian navigation.

CPUCPU

GPSGPS

Voice Synthesizer

Voice Synthesizer

Map Database

Map Database

Braille Keyboard

Braille Keyboard

Example of SISNET Application

*) TORMES project: GMV(E)

12 May 2004

Conclusions• A wide range of satellite navigation applications have been

covered.

• ESTB has played a fundamental role to prepare the EGNOS applications.

• EGNOS is being used as a path finder for developing the GALILEO applications:• Developing expertise• Assessing feasibility• Building up of business models

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• AIS is a new international system mandatory for all SOLAS vessels in order to enhance safety at sea, harbours and in-land waterways.

• Main purpose:• Collision avoidance• Costal surveillance• Improved efficiency• Search and Rescue

Automatic Identification System (AIS)

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• Data is exchanged between vessels and ground base stations.

• A picture of the maritime traffic can be composed at the base stations (improves traffic safety).

• Self-organizing communications protocol.

• AIS Data communication capability can be used to re-broadcast EGNOS data.

AIS Concept

*) EGNOS –TRAN project: KONGSBERG Seatex

12 May 2004

EGNOS-AIS Architecture

IALA beacon

EGNOS

Seatex DPS 116 Seatex AIS 100

GPS/IALA VHF Message 17

AIS RTCM

Seatex AIS Base Station

Presentation of IALA and EGNOS corrected GPS positions

RTCM Correction dataflow

IALA

GPS/EGNOS antenna

VHF

*) EGNOS –TRAN project: KONGSBERG Seatex