12 Principles for Strict Success - Principle 12 Measure Your Kingdom

7/31/2019 12 Principles for Strict Success - Principle 12 Measure Your Kingdom

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^tohco~lb 74Ibgsrtb _krt Eoh`mki

Hkp, O pgh} }k s}gt} }jb lgs} sb`ibh} ka ]jb 74 ^tohco~lbs Akt S}toc} Srccbss(

Dbaktb O mk }jg}, O pgh} }k tbiohm ykr }jg} O gi g} iy ~lg}b g} iy mbse }bgcjoh`

atki }jb ~lg}b }jg} }jb Lktm `gqb ib( Hkp }jos os }jb ~lg}b }jg} O hkp }bgcj atki

ghm abbm ykr }jb Dtbgm ka Loab( ]jb Lktm jgs }klm ib }k hgib }jos ~lg}b, ]jb

^lg}}bt ka ^lbh}y, ghm O pgh} ykr }k rhmbts}ghm }jg} O gi g} }jos ~lg}b hkp( O gi

hk} s}ghmoh` oh }jb ~rl~o} cjrtcj ~tk~bt, O gi g} }jb mbse po}j }jb ~lg}b }jg} @km

`gqb ib( ]jos os }jb do` ~lg}}bt }jg} pb bz~lgohbm lgs} ybgt(

]jb Lktm }klm ib }k cgll o} }jb ^lg}b kt ^lg}}bt ka ^lbh}y( O glsk pgh} ykr }k ehkp

}jg} }jb Lktm tbiohmbm ib }k sgy }k ykr dbaktb ckioh` kh }jb got }kmgy, }jos pktm(

Oa ykr gtb `koh` }jtkr`j ghy }tkrdlb, oa ykr gtb jgqoh` ghy moaaocrl}y, oa ykr gtb

abbloh` mosckrtg`bm, mbs~khmbh}, lba} kr}, }glebm gdkr}5 kt oa ykr gtb soce, kt ykrgtb jgqoh` aohghcogl ~tkdlbis, jbgt }jos pktm( ^btjg~s ykr frs} abbl }jg} ykr

jgqbh} dbbh }tbg}bm agotly, ykr abbl }jg} ykr sjkrlm db lkqbm `tbg}bt, kt gh

k~~kt}rho}y akt ykr jgs `khb dy ghm ykr sjkrlm jgqb `k}}bh o} ghm o} momh} jg~~bh,

kt ykr frs} tbcboqbm skib dgm hbps, }jb Lktm jgs }klm ib }k }bll ykr }jos( Aots} ka

gll }jg} ykr hbbm }k ikqb }jb `kgl ~ks}(

Sg}gh pgh}s }k mbabg} ykr, dr} ykr cgh `goh }jb qoc}kty dy sgyoh`, hk ig}}bt pjg},

O poll ckh}ohrb }k }trs} oh }jb Lktm( Hk ig}}bt pjg} jg~~bhs, hk ig}}bt pjg} O

jgqb }k `k }jtkr`j, * s( 436=/, ybg, }jkr`j O pgle }jtkr`j }jb qgllby ka }jb

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2/45

sjgmkp ka mbg}j, O poll ckh}ohrb }k }trs} oh }jb Lktm( O jgqb ~r} iy }trs} oh Joi

ghm O poll hk} }rth dgce( ]jg} os }jb aots} }joh`(

Sbckhmly, ykr hbbm }k glsk rhmbts}ghm }jg} oa ykr `b} r~ oh }jb ikthoh` db}pbbh

36>> G(I( ghm 16>> G(I(, }jb Lktm poll `oqb ykr ykrt ghspbt( Jb poll `oqb ykr ykrt

ghspbt' Jb poll }bll ykr jkp }k mbgl ~tbsbh}ly po}j pjg}bqbt os `koh` kh oh ykrt loab

db}pbbh 36>> G(I( ghm 16>> G(I, }jb }oib ka }jb ikthoh` kdlg}okh( Hkp, db srtb

}k sbbe }jb agcb ka }jb Lktm ghm }jbh `b} ykrt ghspbt tb`gtmoh` pjg}bqbt o} os

}jg} os ~tbsbh}ly dtk}jbtoh` ykr, ghm }jbh ikqb kh }k }jb hbz} o}bi ka ykrt loab(

Dbykhm }jg}, tbibidbt }jos, }jg} }jb Lktm @km Glio`j}y mkbs lkqb ykr( Jb

mkbs, ghm O lkqb ykr gs pbll(

Hkp, lb}s `b} s}gt}bm po}j }jb lgs} ~tohco~lb ka ]jb 74 ^tohco~lbs Akt S}toc}

Srccbss( _kr poll hbqbt `rbss pjg} }jos ~tohco~lb os( O} os }jb lgs} khb ghm o}s }jb

dbs} khb5 O sgqbm }jb dbs} akt lgs}( ]jos ~tohco~lb ckrlm jgqb sbqbtgl hgibs, dr} O

gi `koh` }k cgll o} Ibgsrtb _krt Eoh`mki( Hkp o} os `koh` }k }geb ib skib }oib

}k bz~lgoh o}( O gi `koh` }k oh}tkmrcb skib }joh`s }k ykr( Frs} so} }o j} ghm los}bh

}k ^gs}kt Ighhoh` }bgcj(

]jb 74}j ~tohco~lb os cgllbm Ibgsrtb _krt Eoh`mki( Lb} ib oh}tkmrcb skib }joh`s

}k ykr( ]jb Lktm Fbsrs Cjtos} rsbm }jos ~tohco~lb oh }jb iks} ~tkaocobh} pgy(

Ibgsrtb _krt Eoh`mki jgs sbqbtgl }joh`s }jg} O pgh} }k bz~tbss oh }btis ka

sb}}oh` }jb trlbs ka ykrt s~oto}rgl ghm ykrt cgthgl rhoqbtsb( O} glsk sb}s }jbdkrhmgtobs ka }jb loio}, ~kpbt, ghm sck~b ka ykrt eoh`mki(

Akt ohs}ghcb, Glio`j}y @km }klm Gdtgjgi }k pgle }jb lbh`}j ghm }jb dtbg}j ka }jb

lghm ghm pjbtb sk bqbt }jb sklbs ka jos akk} mom }tkm, }jg} lghm }jbh dblkh`bm }k

7:>


3/45

joi( *@bh( 73670/ Sk, jb pglebm o} kr}, s}gcebm o} kr}, ghm ibgsrtbm pjg} os hkp

ehkph gs }jb Eoh`mki ka Ostgbl, dr} O jgqb g ~tohco~lb }jg} O pgh} }k `b} oh}k }jg}

}jb Lktm Fbsrs Cjtos} mbikhs}tg}bm( Tbibidbt hkp, pb }klm ykr }jg} }jbsb

~tohco~lbs gtb }jb ~tohco~lbs }jg} pbtb bo}jbt bzbi~loaobm kt }gr`j} dy }jb Lktm

Fbsrs Cjtos}(

Dy ibgsrtoh` ykrt eoh`mki, jbtb os pjg} O ~tohco~glly pgh} }k sgy( ]jg} pb gtb }k

rsb }jb @km ktmgohbm moqohb sbìbh}s ka }jb ~kpbt ka @km }jg} gtb po}joh }jb

s}trc}rtb }jg} Glio`j}y @km jgs ctbg}bm po}j mbso`hg}bm hridbts( ]jg}s

to`j}(

Fbsrs cjksb 74 mosco~lbs( O gi hkp kh }jb 74}j ~tohco~lb akt s}toc} srccbss( _kr

io`j} glsk hk}b }jg} oh khb ka Jos iossokhgty fkrthbys Jb sbh} kr} 0> iossokhgtobs(

Fbsrs glsk ags}bm => mgys ghm => ho`j}s }jbtb oh }jb polmbthbss( *Ig}}( =67)7)4/

Osh} }jg} to`j}; Jb glsk s~keb }k }jb 0 cjrtcjbs ka Gsog Iohkt( *Tbq( 4)3/ Os

}jg} glsk to`j}; Pjolb Fbsrs mom hk} po}joh }jb ckh}bz} ka Jos @glolbgh ctrsgmbs

mom hk} igeb ibh}okh ka }jb 74 `g}bs }k }jb co}y dr} O pgh} ykr }k rhmbts}ghm }jb

hridbts 3, 74, 0, =>, 2> ghm 0>( ]jb ig`hoaocbhcb ka }jbsb hridbts gtb

tbqbglbm pjbh ykr ibgsrtb ykrt eoh`mki, khb ka }jb pgys oh pjocj pb ibgsrtb

krt eoh`mkis os }jg} pb dbòh }k rsb g ~kpbt(

Pb gtb òqbh }jb ~toqolb`b }k ~tgy, }k }bll }jb }tr}j, }k gse, }k sbtqb khly khbigs}bt, dr} pb glsk jgqb g ~toqolb`b ka rsoh` g mbso`hg}bm hridbt po}joh }jb

ckh}bz} ka g moqohb ktmbt }jg} os gltbgmy oh ~lgcb( Pjbh pb bi~lky }jbi, srcj gs

cglloh` 74 mosco~lbs kt ags}oh` => mgys kt rhmbts}ghmoh` }jg} }jb hridbt 0 os po}joh

}jb pktm ka cki~lb}okh, gs pb bi~lky }jg} ~tohco~lb, pb gmm rh}k krt moibhsokh

7:7


4/45

g wrglo}y ka s~oto}rglo}y ghm ~kpbt }jg} cghhk} db tbar}bm dy ghy ~kpbt oh }jb

rhoqbtsb(

Akt ohs}ghcb oh Ig}}jbp 7=670, Fbsrs mosckqbtbm g} }jb }oib ka abbmoh` }jb 2,>>>

}jg} }jbtb pbtb khly 2 lkgqbs ka dtbgm ghm 4 aosj gqgolgdlb( Hkp hk}ocb, oa ykr gmm

}jb 2 lkgqbs ghm }jb 4 aosj }k`b}jbt, ykr `b} 0( Hk}ocb ga}bt ykr jgqb }jb 0 ~obcbs

ka srds}ghcb ka akkm }jbtb pbtb hk} 74 dgseb}s ka atgìbh}s lba} kqbt, oa ykr lkke

oh Ig}}jbp 7=670 ghm Lreb ?673, }jbtb pbtb hk} 32 dgseb}s ka atgìbh}s lba}

kqbt dr} }jbtb pbtb 74 dgseb}s ka atgìbh}s lba} kqbt gs pbll(

Hkp jbtb os ghk}jbt ~tohco~lb }jg} Fbsrs bi~lkybm( Fbsrs sgom igeb }jbi so}

mkph oh cki~ghobs ka 2>, ghk}jbt so`hoaocgh} hridbt ka ~kpbt( Ka gll }jb

~bk~lb ykr jgqb jbtb, ibgsrtb }jbi kr}, hk} oh `tkr~s ka 4>>s kt 2>>s dr} igeb

}jbi so} mkph oh cki~ghobs ka 2>s( Kr} ka pjocj pb `b} }jb ôg}g ghm ^bhg, pjocj

os }jb 2(

Oh k}jbt pktms O gi `koh` }k bz~lgoh ghm }bgcj ykr }k ibgsrtb ykrt eoh`mki,

ghm }jbh }bgcj ykr }jb so`hoaocgh} hridbts ka @km( ]jbtb os g ~kpbt oh }jb

hridbt 0, o} os g hridbt ka cki~lb}okh, }jbtb os g ~kpbt oh }jb hridbt 74, akt o} os

}jb hridbt ka jrigho}y( ]jbtb os g ~kpbt oh }jb hridbt ka 0> gs o} os }jb hridbt

ka iossokhgtobs, ghm }jbtb os g ~kpbt oh }jb hridbt ka => gs }jb hridbt ka hbp

dbòhhoh`(

O gi `koh` }k }geb ykr }k }geb Bvbeobl =>62, pjbtb jb pgs }klm }k ibgsrtb }jb

}bi~lb, gs ykr gtb glsk }klm }k ibgsrtb ykrt eoh`mki( Pbll, pb gtb bzgiohoh` }jos

74}j ~tohco~lb( Hkp }jos os g ~tohco~lb }jg} os rsbm dy g lk} ka ~bk~lb dr} hk} rsbm dy

7:4


5/45

bhkr`j ~bk~lb( O gi `koh` }k }bll ykr }jg} oa ykr pkrlm mbso`hg}b ykrt loab kr} oh}k

}jb hridbts }jg} gtb gltbgmy mb}btiohbm dy Glio`j}y @km }k db ~kpbtarl hridbts,

ykrt loab poll db gh gs}krhmoh` srccbss(

Dy }jb pgy, O ~tgy }jg} hk hridbt trhhbts kt hridbt ~lgybts poll

iosrhmbts}ghm pjg} O gi sgyoh`( Cgh ykr ~tgy po}j ib; O ~tgy }jg} hk hridbt

trhhbt, kt hribtklkòs}, kt hridbt ~lgybt os `koh` }k fri~ kh }jos ghm sgy }jbsb gtb

}jb hridbts( ]jg} os hk} pjg} O gi }bgcjoh` jbtb, ghm @km aktdoms ykr }k }ty ghm

`lbgh }jg} atki pjg} pb gtb }bgcjoh ( ]jg} os hk} pjg} pb gtb }bgcjoh` jbtb

}kmgy(

Bqbtydkmy ehkps }jg} }jb Dodlb sgys }jg} Fbsrs cjksb 74 mosco~lbs, pjocj os }jb

hridbt akt jrigho}y( Bgcj mosco~lb tb~tbsbh}bm g sbìbh} ka jrigho}y, loeb }jb 74

}todbs ka }jb hg}okh ka Ostgbl, kt }jb 74 skhs ka Fgckd, ykr gll ehkp }jg}(

Pb gtb `koh` }k db tklloh` kh po}j }jos }bgcjoh`, wro}b g do} dbcgrsb }jos os g

hbp akrhm ~kpbt( ]jos }bgcjoh` os `koh` }k ~r} skib ~kpbt oh ykrt jghm, oa ykr

s}gt} ibgsrtoh` kr} ykrt loab dy sb}}oh` dkrhmgtobs( Dy rsoh` }jb abhcb ~ks}s ghm

~ollgts }jg} pbtb bs}gdlosjbm oh g moqohb pgy lkh` dbaktb }jb @tbg} Mbcboqbt bqbt

}tobm }k mk jos }joh`( ]jbsb hridbts gtb sb} r~ oh g moqohb pgy }k ~tk}bc}, gll ka

}jb rhoqbtsb poll jkhkt }jb hridbt 0 gs g hridbt ka cki~lb}okh, ghm }jb bh}otb

rhoqbtsb poll jkhkt }jb hridbt => gs }jb hridbt ka dbòhhoh`(

G`goh, }jb Lktm }klm ib }k rsb }jos ^lg}}bt ka ^lbh}y, pjocj Jb `gqb ib ga}bt pb

tgh }jg} cgi~go`h, lgs} ybgt rhmbt }jb gr}jkto}y ka }jb Glio`j}y @km, }k tgosb -7

iollokh akt @tbg} ]kikttkps Blbibh}gty Scjkkl( Atki }jos ~lg}}bt }jb Lktm jgs

7:3


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gllkpbm ib }k abbm ykr( Jb }klm ib }k sgy }k ykr }jg} oa ykr gtb `koh` }jtkr`j ghy

}tkrdlb, oa }jbtb os ghy}joh` to`j} hkp oh ykrt loab }jg} os dk}jbtoh` ykr, }jg} os

}tkrdloh` ykr, mkh} pktty( Akt skib ka ykr, }jb Lktm jgs }klm ib }jg} ykr gtb frs}

gatgom ghm ykr hbbm hk} db abgtarl( ^btjg~s ykr mk hk} ehkp pjg} os `koh` }k

jg~~bh, ghm bqbty}joh` os r~ oh }jb got, }trs} @km( Ka ckrtsb ykr ehkp pb `k} }jb

pgt mtris pjocj gtb dboh` dbg}bh, ghm }jbtb gtb gll eohms ka oh}bthg}okhgl r~jbgqgl

`koh` kh5 ghm pb gtb hk} khly oh }jb iommlb ka pgt dr} pb gtb oh }jb iommlb ka

agiohb dbcgrsb ka }jb dgm ghm jgtm bckhkioc }oibs5 ykr gtb `koh` }k sbb }jb

jgiibt mtk~ bqbh jgtmbt(

_kr gtb `koh` }k sbb }jb mkllgt sjkt}bh r~, ykr gtb `koh` }k sbb gll eohms ka }joh`s

`koh` kh dbaktb }jos sbgskh os kqbt po}j( Hkp, }jb Lktm }klm ib }bll ykr }jg} oh }jb

ioms} ka gll ka }jos, }jb Lktm }klm ib }k }bll ykr atki }jb ^lg}}bt ka ^lbh}y, pjbtb

O hkp so} ghm }bgcj, }jb Lktm }klm ib }k }bll ykr }k ckib rh}k Joi( Ckib rh}k Joi

ghm Jb poll sjkp ykr, Jb poll `oqb ykr, Jb poll jomb ykr, Jb poll ~tk}bc} ykr, Jb poll

abbm ykr, ghm Jb poll jbgl ykr( Pjg}bqbt ykr hbbm, mkh} lkke }k igh( Skib}oibs

ykr lkke gtkrhm ghm ykr frs} `b} iktb atrs}tg}bm, pjbh ykr lkke }k ibh }k jbl~

ykr, ghm ighy }oibs ykr gtb cglloh` kh ~bk~lb pjk hbbm jbl~ }jbisblqbs( Lbgth }k

cgll kh }jb hgib ka }jb Lktm Fbsrs Cjtos}(

Jb }klm ib }k s~bge }k ykr }kmgy atki }jb ^lg}}bt ka ^lbh}y, ghm }bll ykr, db hk}

mosigybm, mk hk} lb} ykrt jbgt} db }tkrdlbm( Mkh} db }tkrdlbm, `b} kr} ka }jg},ghm }rth }k Fbsrs, ckib }k Joi mrtoh` }jb jkrts ka kdlg}okh g} 36>> G(I( ghm

16>> G(I( @oqb Joi ykrt }tkrdlbs, `b} }jg} ikheby kaa ykrt dgce, ghm `b} to`j}

po}j }jb Lktm( Jb }klm ib }k }bll ykr }jg} Jb lkqbs ykr, ghm O pgh} ykr }k ehkp

}jg} O lkqb ykr }kk(

7:=


7/45

Hkp, pbtb lkkeoh` g} }jb 74}j ~tohco~lb akt s}toc} srccbss, ghm }jos os }jb ~tohco~lb

}jg} }jb Lktm Fbsrs Cjtos} bi~lkybm oh ibgsrtoh` ykrt eoh`mki( _kr sbb pjbh

Fbsrs cjksb 74 mosco~lbs, Jb ibgsrtbm }jb lbh`}j ghm }jb dtbg}j ka jkp }jb `ks~bl

pkrlm db ~tbgcjbm, }gr`j}, ghm gmiohos}btbm( Jb ibgsrtbm }jb eoh`mki, ghm Jb

ibgsrtbm }jb sovb ka pjg} }jb gdolo}obs pkrlm db ka }jksb pjk pkrlm }bgcj ghm

~tbgcj }jb `ks~bl( Fbsrs ibgsrtbm }jb eoh`mki( Pjbh Jb cjksb => mgys }k ags}

}jbtb oh }jb polmbthbss, Jb glsk ibgsrtbm }jb loio}s ka }jb dktmbts ka jrigh

bhmrtghcb( ]jb dktmbt ka jrigh bhmrtghcb os => mgys ka ags}oh` ghm => mgys

ka ~tgyoh` ghm ckhsbctg}oh` }jg} pgs }jb dktmbt ka jrigh bhmrtghcb( Pjbh

Fbsrs tbgcjbm }jb bhm ka }jb => mgys gs ykr tbgm oh Ig}}jbp =67)77, Jb jgm

pbh} }k }jb qbty bhm ka jrigh bhmrtghcb(

G} }jg} ~koh}, Jb pgs hkp tbgmy }k s}gt} Jos s~oto}rgl fkrthby( Jb pgs tbgmy }k

s}gt} Jos ~kpbt iohos}ty ka `ks~bl ~tbgcjoh`, ka jbgloh`, ka mbloqbtghcb, ghm tgosoh`

}jb mbgm, ghm ka }tbgmoh` r~kh sbt~bh}s( Jb jgm }k `k }k }jb bhm ka Jos jrigh

bhmrtghcb }k s}gt} }jb hbp loab ka iohos}ty ka ~kpbt }jg} Jb mbikhs}tg}bm( Jb

mom hk} s}gt} Jos iohos}ty ka }bgcjoh` ghm ~tbgcjoh` rh}ol Jb cki~lb}bm }jb bhm ka

}jb jrigh bhmrtghcb( Akt}y *=>/ os }jb loio} ka jrigh bhmrtghcb, o} os }jb

hbp dbòhhoh`( O }gr`j} }jos akt ybgts( G pkigh cgttobs g dgdy akt hohb ikh}js,

pjocj os g }k}gl ka => pbbes, pjocj os }jb hbp dbòhhoh`( Iksbs pgs oh }jb

polmbthbss akt => ybgts, }jb hbp dbòhhoh`( Jb pgs r~ kh }jb ikrh}goh ka I}( Sohgopo}j }jb Glio`j}y @km akt => mgys ghm => ho`j}s( G} }jb bhm ka jos jrigh

bhmrtghcb, Iksbs cgib mkph po}j }jb ckiighms ka @km(

7:2


8/45

Pjbh ykr dbòh }k rhmbts}ghm }jb ~tohco~lb ka ibgsrtoh` ykrt eoh`mki, ykr poll

sblbc} ghm ~r} oh}k ~lgcb }jb hridbts }jg} @km rsbs }jg} jgqb g moqohb ~kpbt(

]jbtb gtb hridbts }jg} cghhk} db kqbt }jtkph dy ghy bqol oh }jb rhoqbtsb( Akt

ohs}ghcb, pjbh Fbsrs cjksb }jb 74 mosco~lbs, Jb ehbp Jb pgs cjkksoh` g hridbt

po}j ktmgohbm ~kpbt5 Jb pgs gltbgmy cjkksoh` g ~kpbt hridbt(

Sbqbh os ghk}jbt ~kpbt hridbt5 o} tb~tbsbh}s cki~lb}okh( Pjg} O pgh} }k sgy

}k ykr os }jg} ka}bh }oibs pjbh O gi }bgcjoh`, O poll }bgcj sbqbh sbìbh}s ka g

sbtobs( Mk ykr tbibidbt }jb Sbqbh Ikrh}gohs }bgcjoh`s; Tbibidbt }jb 0 ]togls

ka Loab }bgcjoh`s; Pbll, oa ykr poll hk}ocb hkp }jg} }jb Jkly S~oto} cjksb 0( Khcb

pb tbgcjbm }jb 0}j }bgcjoh`, }jb }bgcjoh` pgs cki~lb}b( Sk pjg} ykr cgh dbòh }k

mk, ykr cgh cjkksb 74 bi~lkybbs }k `b} s}gt}bm po}j kt ykr cgh cjkksb 74 gs }jb

pgy oh pjocj ykr gtb `koh` }k dbòh }k oh}btgc} po}j ohsrtghcb ~klocobs, gr}kikdolbs

ghm+kt }jos mbso`hbt, kt }pblqb cklkts(

Bi~lky }jb 74}j

~tohco~lb ghm sb} dktmbts ghm loio}s( Mk }jos dy sgyoh` glto`j}

}jos poll db 745 O gi `koh` }k jgqb 74 cklkts po}joh iy alktgl gttgh`bibh}s( O gi

`koh` }k jgqb 0 oh }btis ka }jb hridbt ka mgys }jg} O poll ckhsbctg}b kt O gi `koh`

}k jgqb => gs }jb hridbts ka ikh}js }jg} O poll sbbe @km( _kr ehkp, pjg} ykr mk

}jbh, os }jg} ykr dbòh }k sgy }k bqbty bqol aktcb oh }jb rhoqbtsb }jg} tbck`hovbs

}jb ~kpbt ka @km, dy bi~lkyoh` 0, 74, =>, 2> ghm 0>, ykr gtb sgyoh` }k bqbty bqol

s~oto} oh }jb rhoqbtsb, O sb} }jb dktmbts ghm ykr cghhk} ctkss kqbt }jbsb dktmbts(Mk ykr rhmbts}ghm }jg}; O ~tgy }jg} ykr mk, dbcgrsb }jos poll jbl~ ykr jgqb `tbg}

srccbss dy bi~lkyoh` }jos ~tohco~lb(

7:1


9/45

Lb} rs `k }k Ig}}jbp 7=( O pgh} }k sjkp ykr skib}joh` oh jkp }jb ~tohco~lb pgs

bi~lkybm ghm pktebm oh g dbgr}oarl pgy kr} oh }jb polmbthbss pjbh }jbtb pgs hk

dtbgm akt }jbi }k bg}( O} sgys oh Ig}}jbp 7=673)47, Ghm }jby sgom rh}k Joi,

Pb jgqb jbtb dr} 2 lkgqbs ghm 4 aosjbs5 pjocj os 0 osh} }jg} to`j}; Pjbh }jby

dtkr`j} }jb 2 lkgqbs ghm }jb 4 aosjbs rh}k Joi,hk}ocb Fbsrs sgom oh qbtsb 7?, Ghm

Jb ckiighmbm }jb irl}o}rmb }k so} mkph kh }jb `tgss, ghm }kke }jb 2 lkgqbs ghm

}jb 4 aosjbs, ghm lkkeoh` r~ }k jbgqbh, Jb dlbssbm, ghm dtbge, ghm `gqb }jb lkgqbs

}k Jos mosco~lbs ghm }jb mosco~lbs }k }jb irl}o}rmb( Oh qbtsb 4> o} sgys, Ghm }jby

mom gll bg}, ghm pjbtb aollbm5 ghm }jby }kke r~ }jb atg`ibh}s }jg} tbigohbm, }pblqb

dgseb}s arll(

Mk ykr }johe }jg} skib jkp kt ghk}jbt o} os ckohcombh}gl }jg} }jbtb pbtb 74

dgseb}s lba} kqbt, }jb hridbt ka jrigho}y; Mk ykr }johe }jg} skib jkp kt }jb

k}jbt }jg} }jos frs} jg~~bhbm, }jg} }jbtb pbtb 2 lkgqbs ghm 4 aosjbs, pjocj os }jb

hridbt ka cki~lb}okh; Mk ykr }johe }jksb hridbts frs} eohm ka ~k~~bm r~ kr} ka

}jb got ghm ckohcombh}glly os }jbtb;

Lb} rs lkke g} }jb Lrebs qbtsokh ka }jos oh Lreb ?673)7=( Jbtb O pgh} }k sjkp ykr

skib}joh` gdkr} }jb ~kpbt ka }jb hridbt ka 2>, pjocj os }jb hridbt 2, kt }jb

^bhg(

O} sgys oh Lreb ?673)7=, Dr} Jb sgom rh}k }jbi, @oqb yb }jbi }k bg}( Ghm }jby

sgom, Pb jgqb hk iktb dr} aoqb lkgqbs ghm }pk aosjbs5 bzcb~} pb sjkrlm `k ghm dry

ibg} akt gll }jos ~bk~lb( Akt }jby pbtb gdkr} aoqb }jkrsghm ibh( Ghm Jb sgom rh}k

Jos mosco~lbs, igeb }jbi so} mkph dy aoa}obs oh g cki~ghy( Hkp, pjy pkrlm

Glio`j}y @km sgy }k }jbi }jg} }jby sjkrlm rsb 2> gs g mbso`hg}bm hridbt; Pjy

pkrlm Glio`j}y @km sgy }k }jbi }jg} }jby sjkrlm rsb 2> gs g mbso`hg}bm hridbt5

7:0


10/45

pjocj ka }jb `tkr~s sjkrlm db glo`hbm; Jb pgs mkoh` }jg}, dbcgrsb Jb pgs `b}}oh`

tbgmy }k pkte iotgclbs( _kr cgh jgqb iotgclbs oh ykrt loab( _kr cgh jgqb iotgclbs

oh ykrt loab, gs pbll, oa ykr poll bi~lky }jbsb ibgsrtoh` ka }jb eoh`mki

~tohco~lbs(

Sbb pb hbbm }k lbgth }k bi~lky }jb so`hoaocghcb ka }jb hridbt 745 pb hbbm }k rsb

hridbt 0 ghm hridbt =>( Pb hbbm }k ibgsrtb }jb eoh`mki ghm sb} r~ g abhcb ghm

g`kgl~ks}sk }jb @tbg} Mbcboqbt cgh} ckib kqbt o}( Fbsrs igmb }jbi so} mkph oh

cki~ghobs ka 2>( ]jg} pgy dy so}}oh` mkph oh cki~ghobs ka 2>, kt oh }jb ^bhg,

bqbtydkmy `k} abm( O dblobqb, hkp Fbsrs momh} }bll ib }k }bll ykr }jos, dr} O dblobqb

}jg} pjbh pb `b} }k jbgqbh, oa ykr gse Fbsrs gdkr} }jos ~gt}ocrlgt bqbh} }jg} }kke

~lgcb }jg} mgy, O dblobqb Jb poll }bll ykr oa }jby jgm sg} mkph oh cki~ghobs ka 3>

}jb iotgclb pkrlm hk} jgqb jg~~bhbm( _kr hbbm }k bi~lky }jb moqohb ~tohco~lb

}jg} os gltbgmy sb} oh ~lgcb, ykr hbbm }k cgll kh }jb kdlg}okh ~kpbt }jg} os

gltbgmy sb} oh ~lgcb(

Akt ohs}ghcb, ykr igy db gdlb }k ~tgy kqbt }jb lkgqbs ghm aosjbs, dr} oa ykr mkh}

jgqb }jb rhmbts}ghmoh` ka }bgcjoh` }jb ~bk~lb }k so} mkph oh }jb ~tk~bt cki~ghobs,

ykr poll lksb }jb ~kpbt ghm }jb gdolo}y }k db gdlb }k sbb }jb iotgclb cki~lb}bm(

]jbh o} sgys oh Lreb ?670, Ghm }jby mom bg}, ghm pbtb gll aollbm6 ghm }jbtb pgs

}gebh r~ atg`ibh}s }jg} tbigohbm }k }jbi }pblqb dgseb}s( Sk pb jgqb 0, 74, ghm

2>(

Hkp, pjg} O pgh} }k }bgcj ykr os jkp }k sb} }jb dkrhmgtobs( Oa ykr gtb `koh`

}k jgqb s}toc} srccbss, oa ykr gtb `koh` }k jgqb `tbg} srccbss oh }jb }joh`s }jg} ykr

mk, khb ka }jb }joh`s }jg} O mk gll ka }jb }oib, os }jg} O bi~lky }jbsb ~tohco~lbs( O

7::


11/45

sb} }jb dkrhmgtobs, O bs}gdlosj => mgys gs g }oib oh pjocj O gi `koh` }k `k( O sb}

}jb ~tohco~lbs ghm dkrhmgtobs ghm O bs}gdlosj }jbi( O pgh} ykr }k glsk

rhmbts}ghm }jg} }jb Lktm jgs bi~lkybm }jbsb ~tohco~lbs atki @bhbsos }jtkr`j

Tbqblg}okh, ghm O gi `koh` }k }gle }k ykr iktb gdkr} }jos( O pgh} ykr }k

rhmbts}ghm, gse }jb Lktm }k `oqb ykr }jb gdolo}y }k g~~tbcog}b jkp }k db`oh }k rsb

~kpbts }jg} gtb gltbgmy s}trc}rtbm }k cgrsb ykr }k db iktb ~kpbtarl(

]jos 74}j ~tohco~lb os cgllbm Ibgsrtb _krt Eoh`mki( O} s}g}bs6

7(

_kr cgh sb} }jb dkrhmgtobs ka }jb loio} ka ykrt loab( Oh k}jbtpktms ykr cgh bhlgt`b ykrt dktmbts }k }jb ~koh} ka rsoh` g moqohb

~tohco~lb, o}s gh ghcobh} ~tohco~lb, dr} cbt}gohly g moqohb ~tohco~lb(

Fbsrs rsbm o}( Oa Fbsrs cgh rsb o}, srtbly ykr cgh(

]jbtb gtb }pk ~lgcbs oh }jb scto~}rtb pjbtb Fbsrs sb} }jb dkrhmgtobs akt }jb

eoh`mki( Khb os pjbh Jb cjksb }jb 74 mosco~lbs5 Jb cjksb g hridbt }jg} pgs }jb

hridbt akt jrigho}y o}sbla( ]jbtb gtb 74 `g}bs }k }jb co}y( ]jbtb gtb 74

mosco~lbs kt 74 skhs ka Ostgbl, kt skhs ka Fgckd, ghm bgcj khb ka }jksb skhs

tb~tbsbh}s g }y~b ka jrigho}y( Bgcj khb ka }jksb skhs tb~tbsbh}s g ~tkabssokh kt

g }y~b ka jrigho}y( Sk pjbh Fbsrs cjksb }jb 74 mosco~lbs, Jb cjksb 74 }k

tb~tbsbh} gll ka jrigho}y(

Hkp ykr gll los}bh }k ib qbty cgtbarlly( O mkh} ehkp }jos }k db }trb( ]jb Lktm jgs

hk} }klm ib }jos, O mkh} ehkp oa }jos os }jb eohm ka }joh` }jg} Jb pkrlm sjgtb po}j

ghydkmy( Jb jgsh} }klm ib }jos( Pjbh ykr ibgsrtb }jb eoh`mki, ghm kr} ka }jos

}bgcjoh` ka ]jb 74 ^tohco~lbs Akt S}toc} Srccbss, pb mosckqbtbm, }jb Lktm }klm ib

7:?


12/45

}k }bll ykr }k ibgsrtb ykrt eoh`mki( Fbsrs cjksb 74 mosco~lbs dbcgrsb bgcj khb ka

}jksb mosco~lbs tb~tbsbh}bm g sbìbh} ka jrigho}y(

]jbtb gtb khly 74 ~tkabssokhs, 74 sbìbh}s ka jrigho}y, hk ig}}bt pjg}

tgcb, ctbbm kt pjg}bqbt o} os }jg} ykr gtb kh }jos ~lghb}, }jbtb gtb khly 74

tb~tbsbh}g}okhs ka jrigho}y( ]jg}s pjy }jbtb pbtb 74 skhs ka Ostgbl( ]jbtb pgs

g pjklb ioz}rtb ka ~bk~lb rsbm }k cki~tosb }jbi( _kr ehkp }jby cgib atki 4

poqbs, Lbgj ghm atki Tgcjbl, ghm }jbh bqbh Fksb~js skhs, Ighgssbj ghm B~jtgoi(

]jby pbtb gll iozbm r~ oh }jg} 74 tb~tbsbh}oh` g dtkgm s~bc}tri ka dboh`s, }jb

@bh}olbs glkh` po}j }jb Fbps( Fgckd igttyoh` Tgcjbl ghm Lbgj, pjk pbtb hk} tbglly

Fbposj pkigh, }jos pjklb ~tkcbss ka jrigho}y bqklqoh` kr} ka Tgcjbl ghm Lbgj, ghm

bqklqoh` kr} ka Fksb~js poab, ghm }jbh tb~tbsbh}oh` }jb myhgiocs ka gll ka

jrigho}y( ]jbh Fbsrs ckibs glkh` ghm Jb cjkksbs 74 mosco~lbs }k mk iossokhgty

pkte }k }jb pktlm( Khb ka }jksb mosco~lbs agolbm(

]jb }joh` }jg} O pgs sgyoh` }k ykr g ikibh} g`k, ghm }jg} }jb Lktm jgm hk} }klm ib

}jos sk O cghhk} sgy @km }klm ib }jos, O gi frs} eohm ka }bgcjoh` g} }jos ~koh}( Hkp

@km }klm ib }k }bll ykr gdkr} }jb 74, ghm Jb }klm ib }k }bll ykr jkp }k ibgsrtb

ykrt eoh`mki, }jg} 74 os frs} khb ka }jb pgys }k mk }jg}( ]jbtb gtb sbqbtgl k}jbt

pgys, }jbtb os 3, 0, =>, 2> ghm 0>( ]jb }joh` }jg} O gi gdkr} }k sgy os }jos5

~btjg~s }jbtb poll db khb sbìbh} ka jrigho}y }jg} poll hk} igeb oh}k jbgqbh(

]jbtb gtb 77 sbìbh}s ka jrigho}y }jg} poll gll `k }k jbgqbh, ghm }jg} khb sbìbh}poll agll oh}k ~btmo}okh po}j }jb @tbg} Mbcboqbt(

]jbtb poll db khb sbìbh} ka igheohm }jg} poll hk} igeb o} oh}k jbgqbh5 o} poll

hk} db g 2>+2> s~lo}( Soz poll `k }k jbgqbh ghm soz poll `k }k *ykr ehkp/ dr} }jg}

7?>


13/45


14/45

bgtlobt Tgddos }gr`j}( ]jb bgtlobt Tgddos }gr`j} ~tokt }k Fbsrs }jg} }k tbgcj

gdsklr}okh, *g ~koh} pjbh ykr mkh} pgh} }k mbgl po}j ~bk~lb ghy iktb/ ykr irs}

aktòqb }jbi 0 }oibs ghm ga}bt }jg} ykr gtb gdsklqbm ka aktòqoh` }jbi( Sk ^b}bt

wrbs}okhbm Fbsrs oh Ig}}jbp 7:, gseoh` jkp ka}bh sjgll pb mk }jos( Fbsrs dlbp

^b}bts po` dy sgyoh` }k aktòqb 0> z 0( Hk}ocb Jb rsbm }pk hridbts }jg} O jgqb

dbbh }bgcjoh` ykr gll gdkr} kqbt }jb lgs} abp mgys(

Jb rsbm hridbt 0 akt gdsklr}okh, cki~lb}bhbss, ghm aktòqbhbss( Jb }jbh rsbm }jb

hridbt 0>, pjocj os }jb iossokhgty hridbt, }jb hridbt }k `k kr} ghm }k tbgcj kr}(

]jb tbgskh pjy Fbsrs }klm joi 0> z 05 lb}s `k }k }jg} qbtsb to`j} hkp( Ig}}jbp

7:647)44( ]jbh cgib ^b}bt }k joi, ghm sgom, Lktm, jkp ka} sjgll iy dtk}jbt soh

g`gohs} ib, ghm O aktòqb joi; ]oll sbqbh }oibs; _kr sbb, ^b}bt pgs oi~lktoh`, jb

ehbp oa jb akt`gqb 0 }oibs, jb pkrlm hk} jgqb }k aktòqb }jg} dtk}jbt }jb :}j }oib(

Ghm Fbsrs sgom rh}k joi, O sgy hk} rh}k }jbb, Rh}ol sbqbh }oibs6 dr}, Rh}ol sbqbh}y

}oibs sbqbh(

Hkp tbibidbt O }klm ykr }jb dktmbts ka bs}gdlosjoh` }jb hridbts }jg} ykr rsb(

Oa ykr rsb }jbi oh ykrt drsohbss, rsb }jbi oh ykrt sohòh`, rsb }jbi oh ykrt

sbtikhs, rsb }jbi kh ykrt fkds, rsb }jbi oh ykrt mblodbtg}okhs, oa ykr rsb }jbsb

hridbts ykr poll bi~lky ~tbmb}btiohbm dkrhmgty ghm ~kpbt bs}gdlosjbm dy

Glio`j}y @km }jg} }jb mbqol cgh} ctkss kqbt }jb abhcb, ghm }jksb hridbts gtb 0

ghm 0>(

O gi `koh` }k db }gleoh` gdkr} Bvbeobl pjk pgs }klm }k ibgsrtb }jb eoh`mki,

ibgsrtb }jb }bi~lb ghm }jg} os pjg} ykr gtb sr~~ksb }k mk( _kr hbbm }k s}gt}

ibgsrtoh` kr} ykrt loab( Sb} kr} }jb dkrhmgtobs ka ykrt loab( ]jb dkrhmgtobs ka

7?4


15/45

g ighs loab os }jtbb scktb ybgts ~lrs }bh pjocj os 0>, pjocj os }jb dkrhmgtobs(

]jbh pb gtb `koh` }k `k }k }jb rl}oig}b hridbt, pjocj os 74>( ]jb }joh` O pgh} }k

oi~tbss r~kh ykr os }jg} O pgh} ykr }k gse }jb Lktm }k òqb ykr }jb ~kpbt }k

moscbth }jb tbqblg}okhs ka pjg} pb gtb sgyoh` jbtb sk }jg} ykr cgh }jbh dbòh

}k bi~lky }jbsb hridbts( Frs} s~bge }jb hridbt 0, 74, =>, 0>, kt 2>, s~bge

}jksb hridbts( S~bge }jbi, s~bge }jbi, ghm cgrsb }jb @tbg} Mbcboqbt }k `b}

dgcepgtms dbcgrsb jb cghhk} ctkss }jksb hridbts( Jb jgs hk ~kpbt }k db gdlb }k

ctkss }jbi( Dbaktb O `k, gs O so} jbtb dbaktb }jb ^lg}}bt Ka ^lbh}y, O pgh} ykr }k

ehkp }jg} }jb Lktm lkqbs ykr( O mkh} cgtb pjg} ykr gtb `koh` }jtkr`j, pjk jgs

mkhb pjg}, jkp soce ykr jgqb dbbh, kt pjg} }jb mkc}kt sgom kt jkp bi~}y ykrt

cjbcedkke os to`j} hkp( O pgh} }k ckqbhgh} ghm g`tbb po}j ykr to`j} hkp akt

qoc}kty( Oh }jb hgib ka Fbsrs pb }jghe ykr Lktm akt qoc}kty ghm o} os mkhb''' Oh }jb

hgib ka krt Glio`j}y @km(

Glto`j} O gi `b}}oh` kh po}j ]jb 74 ^tohco~lbs Akt S}toc} Srccbssghm }jb }bgcjoh`

pb gtb mbgloh` po}j to`j} hkp os }jb lgs} ~tohco~lb, kt }jb 74}j

~tohco~lb Ibgsrtb

_krt Eoh`mki( Oa ykr poll hk}ocb, O }bgcj oh sbìbh}s ka 3, 0, 74, kt =>( Jgqb ykr

bqbt hk}ocbm jkp O glpgys bi~lky }jos ~tohco~lb; O jgqb dbbh bi~lkyoh` }jos

~tohco~lb }jtkr`jkr} iy }bgcjoh` ghm ~gs}ktgl cgtbbt dbcgrsb pjbh ykr rsb }jbsb

hridbts, o} os loeb rsoh` }jb gr}jkto}y ka @km( O}s gh ghcobh} ~tohco~lb ghm gh

ghcobh} gr}jkto}y ka @km }jg} pb gtb hk} igmb sk ircj gpgtb ka( Jkpbqbt, Fbsrs

bi~lkybm }jbsb ~tohco~lbs( Pb jgm g `tbg} }oib }jb k}jbt mgy }gleoh` gdkr} jkp^b}bt rhmbts}kkm }jg} oa ykr akt`gqb ykrt dtk}jbt 0 }oibs, }jg} pgs sraaocobh}(

_kr momh} jgqb }k aktòqb joi ghy iktb( Dr} Fbsrs hk} khly rsbm }jb hridbt ka 0,

Jb glsk rsbm }jb hridbt 0>(

7?3


16/45

O jgqbh} }klm ykr pjg} }jbsb hridbts tb~tbsbh} jgqb O; ]jb hridbt 0 os }jb

hridbt ka cki~lb}okh( Lb}s sgys ykr jgqb g tbs}grtgh}, sk ykr gtb `koh` }k jgqb 0

s~bcogls }kmgy, kt ykr gtb `koh` }k jotb 74 pgo}tbssbs, kt jgqb 0 ckrh}bts( Mkh} sb}

r~ ghy kmm hridbt ka }gdlbs oh ykrt tbs}grtgh}, bo}jbt sb} r~ 0, 74, =>, 2> kt 0>

}gdlbs, dr} mkh} sb} r~ 3:, sb} r~ =>( Rsb pjg} O gi sgyoh`( Rsb }jos oh ykrt

mgy)}k)mgy bz~btobhcb rsb }jksb hridbts( G`goh, hridbt 0 tb~tbsbh}s }jb hridbt

ka cki~lb}okh( ]jg} os pjy ^b}bt gsebm }jb Lktm oa 0 }oibs pkrlm db bhkr`j akt

akt`oqb(

Tbibidbt O }klm ykr }jg} 74 tb~tbsbh}s }jb hridbt ka jrigho}y( O pgh} ykr

}k jbgt }jos ghm ykr poll ehkp }jg} }jos os atki }jb Lktm( Pjbh }jb 74 skhs ka

Ostgbl pbtb dkth, }jby pbtb hk} gll dkth ka Fbposj ik}jbts( ]jby pbtb dkth ka

Fbposj ag}jbts, dr} }jby pbtb hk} dkth ka Fbposj ik}jbts ghm }jbh khb ka }jb

skhs, Fksb~j, jgm }pk skhs, Ighgssbj ghm B~jtgoi( ]jby `k} cgr`j} r~ oh }jb ioz

ka }jb 74 skhs ka }jb Hg}okh ka Ostgbl( Tgcjbl ghm Lbgj pbtb hk} Fbposj pkibh5

}jby pbtb hk}( ]jby cgib atki }jb ckrh}ty ka }jb bgs}, }jby cgib atki Lgdghs

lkohs, }jby pbtb Tbdbccgs, Fksb~js ik}jbt hobcbs, dr} }jb Lktm dtkr`j} }k`b}jbt

g ckhckc}okh ka jrigho}y }k`b}jbt po}j }jksb 74 dkys( Jb dtkr`j} g ckhckc}okh ka

jrigho}y }k`b}jbt ghm o} tb~tbsbh}s bqbty agcb} ka gt}, ibmocohb, ~tobs}jkkm,

agtibts, sgolkts ghm cg~}gohs, gll ckib kr} ka }jb 74 ighhbts ka igh, pjocj

tb~tbsbh} gll ka jrigho}y( Sk pjbh Fbsrs cjksb }jb 74 mosco~lbs, Jb pgs bi~lkyoh`

}jg} ~tohco~lb( Pjbh Jb sbh} kr} }jb 0> iossokhgtobs, Jb pgs glsk bi~lkyoh` }jg}~tohco~lb( Sk 74 tb~tbsbh}s }jb hridbt akt jrigho}y( ]jg} os pjy }jbtb gtb 74

@g}bs }k }jb Co}y ghm hk} 72(

7?=


17/45

]jb hridbt => tb~tbsbh}s }jb }oib ka hbp db`ohhoh`( O} os }jb bhm ka }jb

jrigh gdolo}y( G pkigh cgttobs g cjolm akt => pbbes, pjocj os hohb ikh}js( O} os

}jb bhm ka jbt jrigh gdolo}y( Sjb cghhk} cgtty joi ghy lkh`bt, }jg} cjolm poll ckib

akt}j ga}bt }jg} =>}j pbbe( Fbsrs mom hk} s}gt} Jos iohos}ty ka iohos}btoh` rh}ol

ga}bt }jb => mgys ka ags}oh`( O} pgs g} }jb bhm ka Jos jrigh bz~btobhcb, pjbh

Fbsrs Joisbla hbbmbm skibdkmy }k jbl~ joi( Jb hbbmbm }jb gh`lbs }k ckib ghm

jbl~ Joi( Jb pgs g} }jb bhm ka }jb jrigh ghm albsjly bz~btobhcb( G} }jg} ~koh}

Jb bh}btbm oh}k }jb ~kpbt ka Lreb =67: }jb ghkoh}oh` }k jbgl }jb soce, jbgl }jb

dtkebhjbgt}bm, tgosb }jb mbgm, sb} g} lodbt}y }jksb }jg} gtb dtrosbm, sb} }jb

cg~}oqbs atbb ghm tbckqbtoh` ka so`j} }k }jb dlohm( O} os }jb bhm ka }jksb => mgys,

sgib }joh` po}j Iksbs( Iksbs cgib }k }jb bhm ka jos jrigh gdolo}y ga}bt => ybgts

oh }jb polmbthbss( Jb cgib }k }jb bhm ka jos jrigh gdolo}y5 jb cgib r~kh }jg}

drthoh` drsj g} Ikrh} Jktbm( Jb pgs g} }jb bhm ka jos jrigh gdolo}y ghm }jg} os

pjbh jb ib} }jb Lktm( Pjbh ykr ckib }k }jb bhm ka ykrt jrigh gdolo}y }jg} os

pjbh ykr poll ibb} }jb Lktm( ]jg} os pjg} jg~~bhbm }k ib( Pjbh O cgib }k }jb

bhm ka iy jrigh gdolo}y, O ib} }jb Lktm(

Sk pb jgqb }jbsb hridbts( Pb jgqb }jb iktb ckiikhly rsbm khbs, 0, 74, => ghm

0>, dr} }jbtb os glsk 2>( Tbibidbt O }klm ykr oh Lreb ?673 ghm akllkpoh` pjbtb

Fbsrs igmb }jg} irl}o}rmb ka 2,>>> }k so} mkph oh cki~ghobs ka 2>, dbcgrsb }jg}

tb~tbsbh}s }jb og}g(

Pjg} O pgh} }k mk os }k jbl~ ykr }k rhmbts}ghm }jb ~tohco~lbs akt s}toc}

srccbss( Oa ykr jgqb g tbs}grtgh} sb} r~ => }gdlbs, mkh} sb} r~ 3?( ]jbtb os g

qbtsb oh }jb Dodlb }jg} s~bges gdkr} dboh` pjo~~bm po}j 3? s}to~bs *3z73/5 pjocj os

lbss }jgh }jb => }jg} os tbwrotbm( *OO Ckt( 7764=/ Oa ykr bi~lky }jbsb ~tohco~lbs,

7?2


18/45

ykr gtb `koh` }k db dlbssbm( Oa ykr gtb `koh` }k drolm skib}joh`, ibgsrtb o} oh srcj

g pgy sk }jg} o} poll ibgsrtb glkh` }jb 3, 0, 74, =>, 2> kt 0>( Lkke oh}k ykrt

drsohbss, ghm lkke oh}k ykrt loab ghm kt`ghovb }joh`s gtkrhm ykrt jkrsb ghm

ykrtsbla }jg} poll bi~lky }jbsb ~tohco~lbs ghm khcb ykr mk, ykr hkp sb} r~ g

dkrhmgty ghm Sg}gh cghhk} ctkss kqbt o}( Jb cghhk} crtsb }jb hridbt 74( Jb

cghhk} crtsb }jb hridbt 05 jb cghhk} crtsb }jb hridbts =>, 2>, kt 0>( ]jbsb

hridbts gtb ghcobh} ~tohco~lbs }jg} gtb gltbgmy oh ~lgcb ghm }jby cghhk} db crtsbm,

}jby cgh khly bhsrtb ghm dlbss( ]jrsly Fbsrs bi~lkybm }jbi oh sbqbtgl ohs}ghcbs(

O pgh} ykr }k ehkp skib}joh`( Fbsrs os gloqb ghm Jb os sgyoh` }k ib }jg} gll ka

}jb lbsskhs }jg} pb jgqb }gr`j}, ykr hbbm }k tbcboqb }jbi, ghm oa ykr tbcboqb

}jbi, ykr poll db dlbssbm( ]jb Lktm pgh}s ykr }k db }jb iks} mblo`j}skib ~bk~lb5

Jb pgh}s ykr }k jgqb }jb `tbg}bs} srccbss g} pjg}bqbt ykr ~r} ykrt jghm }k mk(

@k }k Mbr}btkhkiy 4:67)7=( Pjg}bqbt ykr sb} ykrt jghm }k mk kr`j} }k db

srccbssarl( @km lkqbs ykr ghm pjg}bqbt o} os }jg} os g}}gceoh` ykr to`j} hkp }bll }jb

@tbg} Mbcboqbt }jg} ykr gtb ikqoh` }jb `kgl ~ks}( Hk ig}}bt pjg}, ykr }bll }jb

Lktm }jg} O poll hbqbt lbgqb ykr( _kr }bll Fbsrs O poll hbqbt lbgqb ykr( O mkh}

cgtb pjg} O jgqb }k `k }jtkr`j dr} O poll hbqbt lbgqb ykr( _bg }jkr`j O pgle

}jtkr`j }jb qgllby ka mbg}j *^s( 436=/ Lktm, O poll hbqbt s}k~ ~tgosoh` ykr(

Hbo}jbt socehbss, agiohb, ~tkdlbis, hkt mosckrtg`bibh} cgh s}k~ ib Lktm atki

~tgosoh` }jbb( ]bll }jb Lktm }jg} Jb os s}rce po}j ykr akt }jb tbs} ka ykrt loab ghm

pjbtbqbt Jb `kbs, }jg}s pjbtb ykr gtb `koh` }k db, dbcgrsb }jg} os pjg} Jb jgssgom }k ykr( O gi srtb Jb pkrlm lkqb }k jbgt ykr sgy }jg} }k Joi, ghm oh sgyoh` }jg}

}k Joi, ohs}gh}ly ykr mbs}tky }jb gmqbtsgty }jg} os ckioh` g`gohs} ykr( Sgy }jg}

~tgybt to`j} hkp, O gi oh ckqbhgh} g`tbbibh} po}j ykr(

7?1


19/45

Pb gtb ckh}ohroh` krt }bgcjoh` kh ]jb 74 ^tohco~lbs Akt S}toc} Srccbss ghm pb

jgqb lgdblbm }jos ~tohco~lb, rhmbt }jb motbc}okh ka }jb Jkly S~oto}, Ibgsrtb _krt

Eoh`mki( Hkp O gi `koh` }k `oqb ykr skib dodlocgl ohaktig}okh gdkr} pjy }jg}

g~~lobs }k }jb }o}lb( O gi `koh` }k cg}glk` o} oh g pgy }jg} o} cgh db iktb

ckhs}trc}oqb akt ykr, dr} }jos ~tohco~lb ka ibgsrtb ykrt eoh`mki os g ghcobh}

~tohco~lb( Khb }jg} jgs dbbh rsbm dy }jb ghcobh}s ghm o} os glsk g ~tohco~lb }jg} os

rsbm iktb oh }jb Dkke ka Tbqblg}okh }jgh o} os oh ghy k}jbt ~tohco~lb, igohly dbcgrsb

}jb ~kpbts ka }jb bqbh}s ka Tbqblg}okh mtgp motbc}ly kh }jos moqohb ghcobh}

~tohco~lb(

Pjbh ykr lbgth jkp }k ibgsrtb ykrt eoh`mki, pjg} ykr gtb `koh` }k db

}gr`j} oh }jos ~gt}ocrlgt sb`ibh} ka }jb ~tohco~lbs, ykr cgh lbgth jkp }k sb} r~

abhcbs, pglls, dktmbts ghm `kgl~ks}s pjbtbdy }jb @tbg} Mbcboqbt cghhk} ctkss(

Hk} khly }jg} dr} glsk }jos ~tohco~lb poll }bgcj ykr jkp }k bi~lky ghk}jbt ~kpbt

k}jbt }jgh frs} }jb ~kpbt ka }jb pktm ka @km kt }jb ~kpbt ka }jb Jkly S~oto}(

Hkp jgqoh` sgom }jg}, gll ka ykr cjrtcj akles, O jgqb }k ~tkqb }jg}, dbcgrsb ykr

ehkp }jg} ykr gtb hk} `koh` akt }jg}( ]rth }k }jb Dkke ka ^sgli ?>6?( Oa O cgh

ckhqohcb ykr }jg} Glio`j}y @km jgs sbh} ib jbtb }k }bgcj ykr, ghm O jgqb }k

ckhqohcb ykr ka }jg}, ykr gtb `koh` }k db ~kpbtarl( Gccb~} }jos ~tohco~lb, }jos os

`koh` }k dlbss ykr5 }jos os `koh` }k gmm ~kpbt }k ykr( Pb gtb `koh` }k jgqb s}tkh`bt

tb~tbsbh}g}okh ka Cjtos} Fbsrs oh }jb bgt}j dbcgrsb ka }jos 74}j ~tohco~lb akt s}toc}

srccbss(

^sgli ?>6? sgys, Akt gll ka krt mgys jgqb ~gssbm gpgy oh }jy ptg}j6 pb s~bhm krt

ybgts gs g }glb os }klm( Hkp pg}cj }jos, qbtsb 7> sgys, ]jb mgys ka krt ybgts gtb

}jtbbscktb ybgts ghm }bh5( *Hkp oh frs} g ikibh} O gi `koh` }k }bll ykr gdkr} }jb

7?0


20/45


21/45

}jbsb hridbts }jg} O gi `koh` }k }bll ykr srcj gs 0, 74, 0>, 3, =>, 2> kt 74>, pjbh

ykr bi~lky }jbsb hridbts ykr poll sbb }jb ~kpbt(

Lb}s sgy ykr gtb `koh` }k drolm g hbp cjrtcj, mkh} ~r} 3: sbg}s oh o} kt 1= sbg}s oh

o}( Pjg}bqbt ykr mk, mkh} ~r} 11 sbg}s oh ykrt cjrtcj( Mkh} ~r} 11 kh o} oa ykr

gtb drolmoh` g cjrtcj, ghm lkke g} }jb hridbts kh }jb s}tbb} kt }jb hbz} hridbt

ckioh` r~( Oa o} os 111, drolm ykrt cjrtcj skibpjbtb blsb( Mk ykr rhmbts}ghm pjg}

O gi sgyoh`; Mkh} bi~lky hridbts }jg} gtb gltbgmy `koh` }k mbs}tky ykr ghm

mbabg} ykr( Oa ykr gtb drolmoh` g cjrtcj, }jbh ~r} oh 74> sbg}s kt 74>>( _kr drolm

g cjrtcj }jg} poll jklm 74>> ~bk~lb kt =,>>> ~bk~lb, dr} mkh} drolm khb }jg} poll

jklm skibpjbtb oh db}pbbh( Pbll, 4=>> ~bk~lb pkrlm db `kkm, dr} pg}cj kr} akt

}jksb oh db}pbbh hridbt( _kr sbb oa ykr gtb bs}gdlosjoh` g drsohbss, jotb 74

bi~lkybbs, kt igeb gh gttgh`bibh}( _kr sbb, pjg} jg~~bhs os }jg} }jbsb hridbts

gltbgmy jgqb g drol} oh ghcobh} moqohb ~kpbt }jg} pbtb bs}gdlosjbm dbaktb ykr pbtb

bqbh dkth(

Lb} ib `oqb ykr skib iktb dodlocgl bzgi~lbs pb s}gt}bm po}j bgtlobt( Aots}, O pgh}

}k frs} `k }jtkr`j }jb hridbts ka }jb ~kpbt(

7( Hridbt 3 os }jb hridbt ka moqohb s}tbh`}j(

4( Hridbt 0 os }jb hridbt ka moqohb cki~lb}okh(

3( Hridbt 74 os }jb hridbt ka jrigho}y, hk} moqoho}y, dr} jrigho}y(

=( Hridbt => os }jb hridbt ka jrigh bhmrtghcb(

2( Hridbt 2> os }jb hridbt ka jbgqbhly ehkplbm`b(

7??


22/45

1( Hridbt 0> os }jb hridbt akt }jb iossokhgty kt }jb iossokh ka

igh( ]jb mgys ka g igh gtb 3 scktb ybgts ghm 7>, pjocj gtb 0>

ghm }jg} os jos iossokh kh bgt}j(

]jbh ka ckrtsb, }jbtb os ghk}jbt `tkr~ ka hridbts }jg} pb gtb `koh` }k rsb }jg}

g~~ly }k }jb Hbp ]bs}gibh} g~~locg}okh ka }jb hridbt 74>( O gi `koh` }k s~bhm g

lo}}lb }oib bz~lgohoh` }k ykr pjg} bgcj khb ka }jksb hridbts ibgh(

Akt ohs}ghcb, lb}s sgy ykr gtb `koh` }k drolm g cjrtcj ghm ykr gtb `koh` }k igeb o}

74> z 0>( O gi `koh` }k sjkp ykr dy }jb pgy pjbh @km }klm Bvbeobl }k ibgsrtb

}jb }bi~lb jkp }jb }bi~lb pgs ibgsrtbm kr} oh g mos}ohc}oqb pgy(

Pjbh ykr bi~lky }jbsb ~tohco~lbs, srcj gs dryoh` }jb ~rtcjgsb ka lghm }jg} os 74>

z 0> ykr gtb `b}}oh` tbgmy }k bs}gdlosj g akrhmg}okh }jg} jgs hk} khly ckhsbctg}bm

moibhsokh, dr} o} gltbgmy jgs g drol} oh ~kpbt ghm poll ebb~ }jb mbqol atki ckioh`

gctkss }jb abhcb ghm fri~oh` oh}k ykrt cjrtcj pjbh ykr rsb }jbsb ~tohco~lbs(

G`goh, Fbsrs momh} cjkksb : mosco~lbs, Jb cjkksb 74( O pgh} ykr }k db`oh }k }ty

ghm rhmbts}ghm }jos ghcobh} ghm moqohb ~tohco~lb( ^sglis ?>674 sgys, Sk }bgcj

rs }k hridbt krt mgys sk }jg} pb igy g~~ly krt jbgt}s rh}k posmki( Sk }bgcj rs

}k ibgsrtb krt eoh`mki( ]jg} os }k sgy }jg} ykr cgh ~tk~jbsovb oh}k ykrt loab g

cbt}goh hridbt ka ybgts( _kr cgh ~tk~jbsovb g cbt}goh hridbt ka dlbssoh`s ka

jkrsbs ghm }jbh dy rsoh` }jos sbctb} ghcobh} moqohb ~tohco~lb, ykr cgh ehkp

pjg} drolmoh`s }k s}gy pgy atki(

S}gy gpgy atki drolmoh` po}j cbt}goh hridbts kh }jbi( S}gy gpgy atki

~tk~bt}obs, cotcris}ghcbs, kt ~rtcjgsoh` g cgt g} g cbt}goh ~tocb( Kt oa ykr `koh` }k

4>>


23/45

}bgcj, oa ykr gtb g ~tbgcjbt kt }bgcjbt, }jbh igeb srtb }jg} bqbty }bgcjoh` }jg}

ykr mk os cki~lb}b( Oa o} }gebs sbqbh sb`ibh}s mk o} oh cki~lb}okh, mkh} lbgqb

ghy}joh` }jg} hbbms }k db cki~lb}bm rhcki~lb}bm( Oa ykr gtb `koh` }k mk ghy}joh`

}jg} tbalbc}s }k jrigh bhmrtghcb, rhmbts}ghm }jg} hridbt ka jrigh bhmrtghcb(

Pjg} }jos poll mk, os hkp ykr hk} khly jgqb }jb pktm ka @km gs g ~kpbt, hk}

khly jgqb }jb dlkkm ka Fbsrs, }jb Jkly S~oto} dr} hkp ykr gtb bi~lkyoh`

ghk}jbt moqohb ~tohco~lb( ^tohco~lbs }jg} Fbsrs rsbm, }jg} ^b}bt rsbm, }jg} Iksbs

rsbm, }jg} Fgckd rsbm, }jg} Gdtgjgi rsbm, ghm }jg} }jb gh`bls rsb gll }jb }oib ghm

}jg} @km jgs rsbm( O ibgh }jos os g moqohb ~tohco~lb ka ~kpbt( O gi `koh` }k sjkp

ykr jkp }k r~scglb ghm kqbtckib ykrt cki~b}o}okh, jkp }k kqbtckib }jb pktes ka

}jb @tbg} Mbcboqbt, ghm jkp }k ebb~ joi atki ckioh` gctkss ykrt abhcb(

G`goh, }jos 74}j ~tohco~lb akt s}toc} srccbss os cgllbm ibgsrtb ykrt eoh`mki( ]jos

os }k sgy, ykr sjkrlm sb} }jb dkrhmgtobs ka ykrt eoh`mki, ~kssbssokh, ykrt jbgl}j,

igeb clgois rsoh` g ghcobh} moqohb yb} dodlocgl ~tohco~lb( ]jos os g jbgqbhly ~tohco~lb

gc}rglly( O} os g ~tohco~lb }jg} os rsbm gll }jb }oib dy }jb gh`bls ghm ka ckrtsb,

Gdtgjgi, Iksbs Sgtgj, Fgckd, ghm Fksb~j rsbm o}(

]jbtb os gh oh}btbs}oh` }bgcjoh` gdkr} Fksb~j ghm }jb hridbt ka ybgts jb loqbm,

pjocj O }johe pgs 77> ghm Iksbs loqbm 74>, pjb}jbt kt hk} }jb 0> ghm 2> sjkrlm db

gmmbm gs k~~ksbm }k 0> ghm => oh }btis ka }jb hridbt ka ybgts ka g igh( O poll

`b} oh}k }jos g lo}}lb do} lg}bt kh(

Ibgsrtb ykrt eoh`mki( Tbibidbt pb }gr`j} ykr bgtlobt atki }jb }bgcjoh`s ka

}jb ^sglis ?>674 }jg} sgys, Sk }bgcj rs }k ibgsrtb }jb hridbt ka krt mgys sk

}jg} pb igy g~~ly krt jbgt}s }k posmki( Sbb }jbtb os cbt}goh hridbts }jg} gtb

gltbgmy bs}gdlosjbm po}j ~kpbt ghm }jb ~kpbt ka }jbsb hridbts cghhk} db

4>7


24/45

cjgllbh`bm dy ghy ~kpbt atki }jb @tbg} Mbcboqbt( ]jbtb os hk ~kpbt oh }jb

rhoqbtsb }jg} cgh kqbt}jtkp }jb so`hoaocghcb ka }jbsb hridbts( Akt ohs}ghcb,

}jb hridbt 3 os }jb hridbt ka moqohb s}tbh`}j( ]jb hridbt 0 os }jb hridbt ka

moqohb cki~lb}okh( ]jb hridbt 74 os }jb hridbt ka jrigho}y ghm hridbt => os }jb

hridbt ka jrigh bhmrtghcb( O gi `koh` }k bz~lgoh gll ka }jksb hridbts }k ykr oh

frs} g sbckhm, dr} O pgh} }k tbiohm ykr gdkr} }jb rsb ka }jos ~tohco~lb( ]jb Lktm os

cglloh` r~kh rs }k rsb }jos ~tohco~lb ghm O rsb o} gll ka }jb }oib( Oh agc}, pjg} ykr

hkp jgqb os ghk}jbt aktcb( Skibkhb blsb ckrlm db rsoh` }jb dlkkm, }jb pktm ghm

}jb Jkly S~oto} dr} }jby gtb hk} rsoh` ghm bi~lkyoh` }jos moqohb ~tohco~lb( O lkke akt

}jbsb so`hgls ghm so`hs oh bqbty}joh` O mk(

Khb mgy O mbcombm }k `k }jtkr`j }jb `ks~bls ghm ~oce kr} qbtsbs }jg} jgm }k mk

po}j rsoh` }jb hridbts 70, 4, 3, 74, ghm => }k sbb pjg} }jby gll }gr`j} ib( Jbtb,

lb} ib bz~lgoh }jos }k ykr( Lb}s `k }k Ig}}jbp 7:647( Lb} ib sjkp ykr skib}joh`

gdkr} }jbsb moqohb ~tohco~lbs ghm jkp }k ibgsrtb ykrt eoh`mki( O} sgys, ]jbh

cgib ^b}bt rh}k joi ghm sgom Lktm, jkp ka} sjgll iy dtk}jbt soh g`gohs} }jbb ghm O

aktòqb joi ghm ^b}bt sgom }k Fbsrs sbqbh }oibs;

Los}bh, jgqb ykr bqbt jgm skib ~bk~lb frs} ebb~ ibssoh` r~ mgy ga}bt mgy, ghm

bqbty }oib }jby ibss r~, mom ykr ehkp ykr gtb sr~~ksb }k aktòqb ykrt dtk}jbt;

^b}bt os sgyoh` }k Fbsrs, os }jbtb g loio} }k }jb hridbt ka }oibs }jg} O gi sr~~ksb

}k aktòqb }jos abllkp, ghm jb sgom o}s sbqbh }oibs( ]jb tbgskh jb sgom sbqbh }oibsos dbcgrsb }jb ghcobh} Tgddos }gr`j}, }jb skhs ka Vgmke ghm gll }jg} ctkpm ghm }jb

~tobs} }jg} cgib kr} ka Gh}okcj, }jby }gr`j} }jg} ykr cgh aktòqb sbqbh }oibs(

]jbh, oa }jby mk skib}joh` }jb bo`j}j }oib, ykr mk hk} jgqb }k aktòqb }jbi, ghm

4>4


25/45

sk ^b}bt pgh}bm }k ehkp atki Fbsrs pgs }jg} ohmbbm }jb loio}; Hkp cjbce kr}

pjg} Fbsrs sgom, dbcgrsb sbqbh pgs }jb }oib ka cki~lb}okh(

Oa ykr aktòqb skibdkmy sbqbh }oibs akt skib}joh`, ykr jgqb cki~lb}bm ykrt

kdlo`g}okh }k @km dbcgrsb sbqbh os }jb moqohb hridbt ka cki~lb}okh, sk }gr`j} }jb

~tobs} ka Gh}okcj, ghm }jb ~tobs} ka Vgmke, ghm gll }jb Tgddos( ]jby }gr`j} }jg} oa

ykr akt`gqb skibdkmy sbqbh }oibs, ykr jgqb cki~lb}bm ykrt kdlo`g}okh }k }jbi

aktbqbt( Dr} jbtb os pjg} Fbsrs }gr`j} oh }jb qbtsb, ghm Fbsrs sgom rh}k joi, O

sgy rh}k }jbb hk} rh}ol sbqbh *hkp Fbsrs gtb ykr cjghòh` }jb }bgcjoh`s ka }jb

ghcobh}, gtb ykr cjghòh` }jb }bgcjoh`s ka }jb ~tobs}s ka Vgmke ghm }jb Gh}okcj,

gtb ykr cjghòh` }jksb }bgcjoh`s kr} ka }jb Gh}okcj ~tobs}ly eoh`mki;/ Fbsrs sgom,

hk} rh}ol sbqbh }oibs, dr} rh}ol sbqbh}y }oibs sbqbh( _kr ehkp sbqbh}y }oibs 0 os

=?> }oibs(

Agotly skkh, mrtoh` }jb s~toh` ka }jb ybgt, O gi `koh` }k cgll akt pjg} O pkrlm loeb

}k bs}gdlosj po}j krt iohos}ty ]jb =?bts Clrd( =?> os }jb hridbt ka }oibs

Fbsrs sgom }jg} khb kr`j} }k aktòqb ghm gc}rglly }jb hridbt =? pjolb o} os hk} gh

ghcobh} moqohb dodlocgl ~tohco~lb, o} os g hridbt ka 0z0 pjocj os }jb hridbt ka

cki~lb}okh, dr} Fbsrs sgom hk} khly 0z0 dr} 0z0>, pjocj os }jb =?> }oibs }jg} khb

sjkrlm db aktòqbh(

Mk ykr }johe o} os frs} ckohcombhcb }jg} Fbsrs rsbm }jg} hridbt, pjbh ^b}bt sgomLktm sjkp ib jkp }k ibgsrtb }jb ~kpbt ka aktòqbhbss; ]jb }tghslg}okh sjkps

ib jkp }k ibgsrtb }jb loio} ka aktòqbhbss( Pjg} os }jb loio} ka aktòqbhbss; O

pgh} }k ibgsrtb }jb loio} ka aktòqbhbss, ^b}bt sgom }k Fbsrs( Os o} sbqbh }oibs;

Os }jg} }jb ibgsrtb ka aktòqbhbss, ^b}bt sgom }k Fbsrs; Ghm Fbsrs sgom oh qbtsb

4>3


26/45

44, Hk, hk} sbqbh }oibs, }jg} os hk} }jb loio} }jg} os hk} }jb ibgsrtbibh}( ]jb

}trb ibgsrtbibh} ka igh)}k)igh aktòqoh` khb ghk}jbt os sbqbh }oibs sbqbh}y( Mk

ykr }johe }jksb hridbts gtb ckohcombh}gl; Hk, }jby gtb hk}( ]jg} os }jb ibgsrtb

ka }jb aktòqbhbss(

O }bll ykr oa O jgm }k aktòqb skibdkmy =?> }oibs, skibpjbtb gtkrhm 77> }oibs, O

ao`rtb tg}jbt }jgh aktòqoh` ykr akt pjg} ykr gtb mkoh`, O gi `koh` }k }bgcj ykr

jkp hk} }k mk o} hk iktb( Mk ykr sbb pjg} O gi sgyoh`; Tg}jbt }jgh jgqb }k

akt oqb ykr bqbtymgy ghm jgqb ykr sbhm ib }jtkr`j }jbsb cjgh`bs, o} pkrlm

~tkdgdly }geb ib g 7>> }oibs }k posb r~ }k o}, dr} O ao`rtb O pkrlm db db}}bt kaa }k

}ty }k }bgcj }jb ~btskh hk} }k mk o} ghy iktb, ghm }jg} pgy O pkrlm hk} jgqb }k

aktòqb joi ghy iktb( Mk ykr akllkp pjg} O gi sgyoh`; Sk ykr pkrlm hbqbt bzjgrs}

}jb =?>( Mk ykr jbgt pjg} O gi sgyoh`; ]jos os g `tbg} ~tohco~lb pjbh ykr ckib

}k }johe ka o} dbcgrsb pjg} o} mkbs, os }jg} o} sgys }jg} ykr gtb `koh` }k

}bgcj }jos ~btskh ghm sjkp pjy pjg} }jby gtb mkoh` os ptkh`( Jkpbqbt, oa ykr

cgh `b} dy po}j frs} sbqbh }oibs, ykr cgh ~tkdgdly srtqoqb sbqbh }oibs( O dblobqb

pjg} O gi }tyoh` }k jbl~ ykr }k rhmbts}ghm jbtb os }jg} Fbsrs g~~lobm }jbsb

~tohco~lbs( Pb jgqb ~tb}}y ircj lks} }jb rhmbts}ghmoh` ka }jbi oh krt ~tbsbh} mgy

g~~tkgcj }k }jb Dodlb( Lb} ib òqb ykr khb iktb ollrs}tg}okh }jg} pb mbgl} po}j

bgtlobt(

Hridbt 0, ka ckrtsb, os }jb hridbt ka moqohb cki~lb}okh ghm }jg} os }jb khb

pb gtb mbgloh` po}j to`j} hkp( Dr} lb} ib òqb ykr ghk}jbt khb atki Lreb ?673,

lkke g} pjg} o} sgys, Dr} jb sgom rh}k }jbi, @oqb yb }jbi }k bg}( Ghm }jby sgom,

Pb jgqb hk iktb dr} aoqb lkgqbs ghm }pk aosjbs6 bzcb~} pb sjkrlm `k ghm dry ibg}

akt gll }jos ~bk~lb( Tbibidbt bgtlobt O pgs }bgcjoh` }jg} }jb aoqb lkgqbs ghm }pk

4>=


27/45

aosjbs igmb r~ g }k}gl ka sbqbh( Fbsrs rsbm ghk}jbt moqohb ~tohco~lb akt }jbtb

pbtb gdkr} 2,>>> ibh, ghm Jb sgom }k Jos mosco~lbs igeb }jbi so} mkph dy

cki~ghobs ka 2>( Hkp ykr ehkp }jg} }jbtb pbtb 74 mosco~lbs( Jb sgom igeb }jbi

so} mkph dy cki~ghobs ka 2>( Pjy mom jb sgy 2>; Dbcgrsb 2> os }jb hridbt ka

jbgqbhly ehkplbm`bghm pjg} Jb os `b}}oh` tbgmy }k mk os }jg} Jb os `b}}oh` tbgmy

}k abbm }jbi jbgqbhly Ighhg( Jb os `koh` }k dlbss }jb akkm frs} loeb }jb Ighhg

oh }jb jbgqbh cgib mkph oh }jb polmbthbss, }jb jbgqbhly akkm( Sk Jb sgom igeb

}jbi so} mkph oh cki~ghobs ka 2>( Hkp pjbh ykr bi~lky }jb 0 ghm }jb 2>, ykr gtb

`b}}oh` tbgmy }k dtoh` oh }jb ~kpbt ka @km(

]jb }joh` }jg} O pgh} }k igeb ibh}okh ka os }jos( ]jby sgom ga}bt }jby jgm dlbssbm

}jb aoqb lkgqbs ghm }pk aosjbs, }jby }kke r~ }pblqb dgseb}s ka atg`ibh}s( Hk}ocb

}jbtb os g ckhsos}bh} rsb ka }jbsb hridbts, ghm O }johe }jg} iks} ka ykr gll gtb oh

g`tbbibh} }jg} }jb hridbt 74 pgs rsbm dy Fbsrs gll ka }jb }oib( ]jb hridbt 3 os

rsbm dy @km gll ka }jb }oib( ]jb hridbt 0 bqbtydkmy ehkps os g hridbt ka

cki~lb}okh ghm O }johe gll ka ykr ehkp }jg}( Jkpbqbt, O mkh} }johe ykr

rhmbts}ghm }jg} ykr cgh rsb }jbsb hridbts }jb sgib pgy Glio`j}y @km rsbs

}jbi oh ktmbt }k gmm g `kgl ~ks} kt }k sb} ghm ibgsrtb }jb loio} ka }jb

eoh`mki oh pjocj ykr loqb(

Hkp lb} ib frs} `oqb ykr skib ~tgc}ocgl ohaktig}okh( _kr ehkp oa ykr gtb `koh` }k

s}gt} g drsohbss, lkke akt ykrt gmmtbss }k db g hridbtbm gmmtbss }jg} pollckttbs~khm }k g hridbt }jg} os gltbgmy sb} r~ oh jbgqbh( Oa ykr gtb `koh` }k drolm g

akrhmg}okh }k g jkrsb, mkh} frs} drolm o} dbcgrsb }jb gtcjo}bc} sgom }k drolm o} }jos

pgy kt }jg} pgy, ykr sgy hk O pgh} }jb akrhmg}okh ka iy jkrsb }k db 74> z 0> abb}(

Rsb }jbsb moqohb ~tohco~lbs oa ykr gtb `koh` }k jgqb g hridbt ka sro}s, kt oa ykr gtb

4>2


28/45

`koh` }k ~gy g ~tocb akt skib}joh` }jg} os qbty s~bcogl }jg} os `koh` }k db rsbm oh g

sgctbm pgy( ]ty }k `b} }jb moibhsokhs ka }jbsb ~gt}ocrlgt hridbts sb} r~ oh

}jg} ~tkcbss, dbcgrsb oa ykr mk, pjg} ykr poll db mkoh` os ohckt~ktg}oh` gh

gltbgmy ohckt~ktg}bm ~kpbt oh }jb ~tkcbss ka pjg} ykr gtb mkoh`(

Akt ohs}ghcb, pjbh Fbsrs cjksb }jb 74 mosco~lbs, jgm Jb cjksb ? }jby pkrlm jgqb

dbbh iks} ohbaabc}oqb( Sk Jb cjksb }jb hridbt ka jrigho}y, loeb }jb 74 skhs ka

}jb hg}okh ka Ostgbl( Pjbh Iksbs cjksb 74 gssos}gh}s kt iossokhgty gssos}gh}s, jb

~rllbm kr} 0> Blmbts( _kr jgqb }k rsb }jb hridbt }jg} ctbg}bs }jb moqohb ~kpbt

ghm }jb @tbg} Mbcboqbt cghhk} ckib gctkss ykrt abhcb, pjbh ykr rsb }jksb

hridbts( Tbibidbt, O glsk }klm ykr }jg} pjbh ykr `k }k ^sglis ?>674 ykr poll

hk}ocb }jg} o} sgys6 Sk }bgcj rs }k ibgsrtb krt mgys, sk }jg} pb igy g~~ly krt

jbgt}s }k posmki( O gi `koh` }k }bgcj ykr jkp }k ibgsrtb ykrt eoh`mki, sk ykr

cgh loqb oh moqohb posmki(

Hkp oa ykr poll hk}ocb, O }bgcj oh `tkr~s ka 3, 0, kt 74( O jgqb mkhb skib }bgcjoh`

oh `tkr~s ka =>, pjocj os skt} ka tgtb( Dr}, pjbh O }bgcj, O rsb g moqohb ~tohco~lb,

bo}jbt O jgqb }jb 0 ikrh}gohs, kt }jb 0 }togls kt }jb 74 ~tohco~lbs, pjocj pb gtb

~tbsbh}ly }bgcjoh`( Hkp pkrlmh} o} db oh }jb oh}btbs} ka }jb Glio`j}y @km }k

ckhqohcb ykr ka }jb moqoho}y ka }jbsb ~tohco~lbs, }k pgo} rh}ol pb `b} }k

~tohco~lb 74 }k hkp mbgl po}j }jb rhmbts}ghmoh` ka }jb ghcobh} moqohb ~tohco~lb

ka ibgsrtoh` ykrt eoh`mki; Pjbtbdy pb cgh hkp g~~ly }jbsb hridbts }jg} jgqb

}jos moqohb ghm oiir}gdlb ~kpbt gltbgmy g}}gcjbm }k }jbi( _kr cgh }jbh dtoh` }k}jb }gdlb g pbg~kh }jg} iks} ~bk~lb mkh} jgqb( Pjbh ykr rhmbts}ghm jkp }k rsb

}jos moqohb ~tohco~lb ka ibgsrtoh` ykrt eoh`mki, ykr dtoh` }k }jb dgt`gohoh` }gdlb g

pbg~kh }jg} k}jbt ~bk~lb mkh} jgqb ghm mkh} ehkp gdkr}(

4>1


29/45

O }bll ykr pjbh @km ao`j}s }jb dg}}lb, gll }jb dg}}lbs ka Gtig`bmmkh, pjbh Jb

ao`j}s }jb dg}}lb ka }jb @tbg} Mbcboqbt oh }jb `lktobs ghm oh }jb jbgqbhs5 Jb

rsbs gll }jb ~kpbts ka }jb moqohb ~tohco~lb ka ibgsrtoh` ykrt eoh`mki ( Jb ~rlls

kr} sbqbh qogls, Jb skrhms sbqbh }tri~b}s, }jbtb gtb sbqbh }jrhmbtoh`s, ghm O ibgh

Jb rsbs bqbty khb ka }jbsb ~tohco~lbs gs g dg}}lb s}tg}b`y( Oa ykr `k }jtkr`j }jb

Dkke ka Tbqblg}okh, ykr poll sbb }jg} oh bqbty dg}}lb }jg} os akr`j} oh }jb Dodlb,

}jg} Glio`j}y @km rsbs }jbsb moqohb ~tohco~lbs }k poh }jb dg}}lb( Jb ckibs }k }jb

dg}}lb`tkrhm po}j g ~tohco~lb }jg} }jb @tbg} Mbcboqbt cghhk} mbabg}( Sbqbh

}tri~b}s, sbqbh qogls, sbqbh }jrhmbtoh`s, ghm Jb ~krts }jbi kr}( ]jb sbqbhs, ghm

}jb sbqbhs, ghm Jb ckh}ohrbs }k dbg} }jb loqoh` mgylo`j}s kr} ka }jb @tbg} Mbcboqbt

po}j }jbsb ~tohco~lbs( _kr cgh rsb }jbi gs pbll5 ykr cgh dtoh` }jbi }k ykrt

dgt`gohoh` }gdlb( _kr cgh }geb }jbi kh ykrt fkd5 ykr cgh rsb }jbi oh ykrt jkib(

_kr cgh rsb }jbi oh ykrt }bgcjoh`( _kr cgh ibgsrtb kr} }jb hk}bs ka g skh`, mkh}

`k ~gss 74 hk}bs kt 0 hk}bs, pjbh ykr gtb pto}oh` kt pjbh ykr gtb soh`oh`, kt ykr

cgh }geb 74 dtbg}js dbaktb ~tgyoh`( _kr cgh rsb }jbsb ~tohco~lbs oh sk ighy pgys,

ghm }jb Jkly @jks} poll sjkp ykr jkp }k dtoh` }jos moqohb ~kpbt }k }jb }gdlb(

Hkp pjg} O pgh} }k mk os mbgl po}j ~tohco~lb 74, dbcgrsb o} os }jb hridbt ka

jrigho}y( Lb} ib bz~lgoh }k ykr pjg} O ibgh dy }jg} dboh` }jb hridbt ka

jrigho}y( Tbibidbt }jbtb pbtb 74 }todbs ka }jb Skh ka Ostgbl, os }jg} to`j};

]pblqb }todbs ka }jb Skhs ka Fgckd, ka ckrtsb }jbtb pgs g iozbm irl}o}rmb, }jby

pbtb hk} gll dkth ka Fbposj ik}jbts, Lbgj ghm Tgcjbl( O }gr`j} ykr }jg} bgtlobt(Dr} pjg} jg~~bhbm pgs }jg} bgcj khb ka }jb skhs tb~tbsbh}bm g ~tkabssokh kt }jb

khly ktmgohbm ~tkabssokhs oh gll ka @kms eoh`mki( ]jbtb gtb khly 74 }joh`s kt

~tkabssokhs }jg} g igh cgh mk(

4>0


30/45

Akt ohs}ghcb, }jb ~tkabssokh ka }jb ~tobs}s kt }jb Lbqo}obs, oa ykr gtb g Lbqo}b

kt g ^tobs}, ykr gtb glsk g mkc}kt ghm g }bgcjbt( _kr sbb rhmbt }jb cg}b`kty ka

}jb ~tobs}, }jb ~tobs}ly }todb os glsk }jb mkc}kts dbcgrsb }jby gtb jbglbts( _kr

tbibidbt pjbh Fbsrs sgom }k }jb lb~bts `k ghm sjkp ykrtsbla }k }jb ~tobs}s,

*Ig}}( :6=/ dbcgrsb }jb ~tobs} pgs cjgt`bm po}j }jb tbs~khsodolo}y ka

~tbscto~}okhs akt lb~tksy, ~tbscto~}okhs akt jbgloh`( Jb glsk s}g}bm pjb}jbt ykr

ckrlm ckib oh}k }jb cgi~, pjb}jbt ykr pbtb rhclbgh kt clbgh5 }jb ~tobs} pgs gdlb

}k wrgtgh}ohb kaa }jb bh}otb cgi~ ka gll }jb k}jbt }todbs( _kr sbb }jbtb gtb khly

74 ~tkabssokhs ktmgohbm ka @km, }jbtb gtb hk} 73 kt 77, ghm }jbtb gtb khly

74 ~tkabssokhs( Sk 74 os }jb hridbt ka jrigho}y( Sk pjbh @km `k} tbgmy }k

cjkksb mosco~lbs }k `k, tb~tbsbh}, ghm }bgcj bgcj sb`ibh} ka jrigho}y, Jb cjksb

74( Jgm Jb khly cjksb 7>, }jbh }pk tb~tbsbh}g}okhs ka jrigho}y pkrlm jgqb dbbh

lba} rhtb~tbsbh}bm( Fbsrs ehbp pjg} Jb pgs mkoh`, ghm ykr jgqb }k ehkp }jg} jb

ehbp pjg} jb pgs mkoh`(

^tbgcjbts, lb} ib sgy skib}joh` }k ykr( @k }jtkr`j ykrt Dodlb ghm ~oce kr} }jb

74}j cjg~}bt ghm }jbh ~oce kr} }jb 74}j qbtsb, kt ~oce kr} }jb 74}j cjg~}bt ghm }jb

0}j qbtsb, kt }jb 74}j cjg~}bt ghm }jb 3tm qbtsb ghm }bgcj o}( @k }jtkr`j ykrt Dodlb

ghm rsb }jg} ckidohg}okh, O gi }blloh` ykr, }jg} ykr gtb `koh` }k ~tbgcj po}j

aotb ghm ~kpbt loeb ykr jgqb hbqbt sbbh dbaktb( Rsb => pbbes ka ~tbgcjoh`

qbtsbs }jg} ckttbs~khm }k }jbsb bzgi~lbs( Akt ohs}ghcb ^sglis ?>674 sgys, Sk

}bgcj rs }k hridbt krt mgysHkp hridbt krt mgys ibghs }k ibgsrtb, hridbt osg ibgsrtb( Sk }jb }tghslg}okh ka }jb pktm hridbts ibgh sk }bgcj rs }k

ibgsrtb krt mgys ghm dy mgys jb os hk} frs} }gleoh` gdkr} jos loab, pjocj pb

rl}oig}bly bhm r~ rhmbts}ghmoh`, dr} jb os }gleoh` gdkr} }jb eoh`mki oh pjocj

pb loqb( ]bgcj rs }k ibgsrtb krt eoh`mki sk }jg} pb igy g~~ly krt jbgt}s }k

4>:


31/45

posmki( ]jbh o} sgys }jos, Oa }jb ybgts ka igh,pjocj os }jb iossokhgty ybgts,

gtb }jtbb scktb ybgts ghm }bhpjocj os 0>5 @km jgs ibgsrtbm }jb ybgts ka g igh

gs }k }jtbb scktb ybgts ghm }bh, pjocj os 0>(

Dr} lb} ib }gle g lo}}lb do} iktb gdkr} hridbt 74, pjocj os }jb hridbt ka

jrigho}y( O} os }jb hridbt ka }jb 74 }todbs5 o} os }jb hridbt ka }jb 74 mosco~lbs5 o}

tb~tbsbh}s }jb jrigh bzos}bhcb( Hkp O pgh} ykr gll }k jbgt }jos tbgl `kkm( Oa ykr

gtb oh g drsohbss, }jg} tbgcjbs kr} }k }jb ~rdloc ghm ykr pgh} }k db gdlb }k db

moqbtsb, *ighy ka ykr gtb sk ~tbfrmocb ghm sk crl}rtgl ktobh}g}bm, O ibgh ykr gtb

glpgys ~tkik}oh` ykrt crl}rtb/ dr}, oa ykr pgh} }k tbgcj gll ka jrigho}y,

rhmbts}ghm ghm g~~ly }jb hridbt 74( Hkp @km poll sjkp ykr jkp }k mk }jos oa ykr

pgh} }k tbgcj ibh, pkibh, cjolmtbh, }jb klm, ghm ykrh`( ]jg} os, ykr pgh} }k tbgcj

bqbty sbìbh} ka skcob}y po}j ykrt drsohbss( _kr pgh} }k db gdlb }k sbll }k

bqbty sbìbh} ka skcob}y, rhlbss ykr jgqb g }gt`b} `tkr~( Oa ykr jgqb g }gt`b}

`tkr~, }jbh o} hbbms }k db po}j }jb 3, 0, 74, =>, 2> ghm 0>, O mkh} ehkp, dr} pjg} O

}johe }jg} pjg} O gi }tyoh` }k sgy, oa ykr jgqb g drsohbss ghm ykr pgh} gll ka

jrigho}y }k ckib }jtkr`j ykrt mkkts, sb})r~ ~tohco~lbs glkh` 74( Igeb ykrt b``

tklls sghmpocjbs -7(4>, kt igeb ykrt bqbhoh` ibgls -74(>> kt ykrt lrhcj -0(>>(

Pjg} }jos mkbs, os }jg} ykr gtb hkp oh g`tbbibh} po}j pjg} @km jgs gltbgmy

bs}gdlosjbm lkh` dbaktb ykr pbtb bqbt dkth, ghm ykr poll aohm }jg} ykr gtb `koh` }k

db qbty srccbssarl(

Hkp los}bh, O pgh} }k ~r} ghk}jbt }kkl oh ykrt jghm ( O pgh} }k òqb ykr g pbg~kh

}jg} cghhk} db mbabg}bm( O jgqb dbbh }bgcjoh` ykr gdkr} jkp }k ibgsrtb ykrt

eoh`mki( O jgqb dbbh }bgcjoh` ~bk~lb }jg} oa ykr gtb `koh` }k drolm g cjrtcj kt g

jkrsb, mkh} rsb }jb gtcjo}bc}s hridbts akt ykrt tkkis kt akt }jb hridbt ka

4>?


32/45

mkkts ghm pohmkps, mkh} rsb }jb gtcjo}bc}s hridbt, rsb }jbsb moqohb hridbts ka

3, 0, 74, =>, 2>, 0> ghm 74>( Pjg}bqbt io`j} db ykrt bhmbgqkt, pjb}jbt o} db

g drsohbss, kt ykr gtb sblloh` mtbssbs, kt ykr sblloh` ocb ctbgi b}c(, oa ykr gtb `koh`

}k ~r} r~ g drsohbss kh g s}tbb}, lkke akt }jb 0}j s}tbb}, ctkss }kph( Lkke akt g

s}tbb} hridbt 0, }jg} eohm ka }joh` ghm ~r} ykrt drsohbss g} hridbt 00 S}tbb}(

Pjg} ykr gtb mkoh` os }jg} ykr poll db bi~lkyoh` g ~kpbt(

Lb}s `k dgce }k ^sgli ?>, dbcgrsb O jgqb skib mkrd}bts kr} }jbtb( ]jb Dodlb

sgys oh ^sgli ?>67>, ]jb mgys ka krt ybgts gtb }jtbb scktb ybgts ghm }bh( G

scktb os 4> ghm }jtbb scktbs os 1> %7> 9 0>( O gi `koh` }k }bll ykr gdkr} hridbt

0>, pjocj os }jb iossokhgty hridbt, dr} hk} hkp( O gi }bgcjoh` hridbt =>, pjocj

os }jb hridbt ka jrigh bhmrtghcb( Hkp, qbtsb 74 sgys, Sk }bgcj rs }k hridbt

krt mgysOa pb ao`rtb }jg} pb gtb khly `koh` }k loqb 0> ybgts, }jbh pb hbbm }k

ibgsrtb krt eoh`mkis, }jg} pb igy g~~ly krt jbgt}s }k posmki(

Oa ykr poll tbibidbt bgtlobt, O }gr`j} ykr gll jkp oh }jb Dkke ka Tbqblg}okh }jg}

bqbty dg}}lb }jg} pgs akr`j}, pgs akr`j} po}j }jb moibhsokhs ka moqohbs hridbts5 0

}togls, }jb 0 gh`bls, }jb 0 }tri~b}s, ghm }jb 0 qogls( Bqbty dg}}lb }jg} pgs

akr`j} oh }jb dkke ka Tbqblg}okhs os akr`j} oh }jos hribtocgl moqohb ghcobh}

~tohco~lb ~kpbt( @k oh }jb dkke ka Tbqblg}okh ghm ykr poll sbb }jg} oh bqbty dg}}lb

@km rsbm }jbsb moqohb ~tohco~lbs( Pjbh Jb `k} tbgmy }k mbabg} }jb @tbg}

Mbcboqbt, Jb ~r} g cki~lb}okh kh joi oh bqbty pgy( _kr cgh jgqb }jb sgib ~kpbtpo}j ykr, oh bqbty}joh` }jg} ykr mk' O }klm ykr dbaktb, O glpgys }bgcj oh `tkr~s

ka 3, 0 kt 74( O lkke akt }jb k~~kt}rho}y }k bi~lky }jbsb moqohb hridbts( Akt

ohs}ghcb, pjbh Fbsrs `k} tbgmy }k cjkksb Jos mosco~lbs, Jb cjksb 74 dbcgrsb 74 os

}jb hridbt ka jrigho}y(

47>


33/45

Hkp pb gtb `koh` }k }bgcj ykr gdkr} }jb hridbt => ka jrigh bhmrtghcb ( Dy

jrigh bhmrtghcb, O ibgh pjbh }jb jrigh bz~btobhcb jgs `khb gs agt gs o} cgh `k,

}jbh }jb s~oto} }gebs kqbt( Lb} ib òqb ykr gh bzgi~lb ka pjg} O gi }gleoh` gdkr}(

Lb}s `k }k Ig}}( =67)( O} sgys, ]jbh pgs Fbsrs lbm r~ ka }jb s~oto} oh}k }jb

polmbthbss }k db }bi~}bm ka }jb mbqol _kr jgqb }k ebb~ }jb mbqol atki ckioh`

gctkss ykrt abhcb( ]bll }jb mbqol mkh} ckib ctkss iy abhcb, mkh} `b} oh iy ygtm,

mkh} k~bh iy `g}b, ghm mkh} ehkce kh iy mkkt' Oh Ig}}( =64 o} sgys, Ghm pjbh

jb ags}bm akt}y mgys ghm akt}y ho`j}s, jb pgs ga}btpgtm gh jrh`btbm(

Fbsrs, bqbtydkmy ehkps ags}bm akt => mgys oh }jb polmbthbss dbaktb Jb

s}gt}bm Jos bgt}jly iohos}ty( Pjbh Jb pbh} }jksb => mgys, Jb jgm }k bzjgrs}

Joisbla ka gll ka Jos jrighhbss( Pjbh Jb mom }jg}, Jb pgs hkp tbgmy }k k~btg}b

oh }jb moqohb( G`goh, => os }jb hridbt ka }jb jrigh bhmrtghcb( G pkigh cgh

cgtty g cjolm khly => pbbes ghm ga}bt }jg} => pbbes, sjb jrighly cghhk} jklm kh}k

}jg} cjolm ghy lkh`bt, ghm }jb cjolm jrighly jgs }k ckib oh}k jos kph jrigh

bz~btobhcb( Oa g mkc}kt aohms kr} }jg} g pkigh jgs g cjolm oh jbt pkid akt iktb

}jgh => pbbes, jb `kbs oh ghm }gebs }jg} dgdy kr} ka }jbtb, dbcgrsb => os }jb loio}

ka }jb jrigh bhmrtghcb( Ga}bt => pbbes gtb cki~lb}bm, g igh)cjolm os tbgmy }k

ckib oh}k }jb bgt}j ghm }jb pkigh cgh hk lkh`bt k~btg}b kt jklm kh}k }jg} cjolm(

Iksbs ags}bm => mgys( Oh agc} }jb aktirlg}okh ka }jb hg}okh ka Ostgbl, }jb}bgcjoh`s ka ]jb 7> Ckiighmibh}s ka @km, ghm gll ka }jb ckiighms }jg} pbtb

òqbh r~ kh }jb ikrh}, pbtb òqbh }k Iksbs oh }jb => mgys pjbh jb pgs r~ }jbtb kh

Ikrh} Sohgo po}j @km( Pjbh jb cgib mkph, jb dtkr`j} po}j joi }jb ckiighms

477


34/45

}jg} aktibm }jb `tbg}bs} hg}okh ghm jgs drol} hg}okhs ghm eoh`mkis gtkrhm }jb

bgt}j( G`goh, O pgh} }k s}g}b }jg} => os }jb hridbt ka }jb jrigh bhmrtghcb(

@km s~keb }k }jb hg}okh ka Ostgbl }jg} cgib r~ kr} ka B`y~}, kr} ka slgqbty kh }jg}

ho`j} ka ^gsskqbt, ghm ctkssbm }jb Tbm Sbg po}j gh kr}s}tb}cjbm gti( @km mtobm

r~ }jb Tbm Sbg, ghm pjbh }jby sgom }jg} }jby pbtb hk} `koh` oh}k }jb Cghggh lghm,

Jb sgom ykrt cgtcgssbs ghm ykrt dkmobs pkrlm mtk~ mbgm jbtb oh }jos polmbthbss(

*Hri( 7=64?/ O} }kke => ybgts, pjocj os }jb bhm ka }jb jrigh bhmrtghcb( G} }jb

bhm ka }jb => ybgts, }jbot jrighhbss pgs `khb ghm }jb hbz} `bhbtg}okh pgs gdlb }k

`k oh( => os }jb hridbt ka }jb jrigh bhmrtghcb( Hkp ykr ehkp gdkr} ags}oh` akt

=> mgys( O} glsk tgohbm akt => mgys ghm => ho`j}s, pjbh @km `k} tbgmy }k `b} tom

ka }jb jrigh bz~tbssokh( ]jb Dkke ka @bhbsos }blls ka Hkgj ghm }jb alkkm }jg}

bhsrbm pjbh o} tgohbm akt => mgys ghm => ho`j}s ghm po~bm kr} }jg} bh}otb jrigh

tgcb( O} po~bm kr} }jb bh}otb jrigh tgcb( Sk lb} ib gse ykr g wrbs}okh }jbh, sohcb

ykr gtb los}bhoh`( Oa @km rsbs }jbsb hridbts oh ktmbt }k gmqghcb Jos eoh`mki,

pjy mkh} ykr; O rsb }jbi gll ka }jb }oib( _kr sbb }jb Jkly @jks} os `koh` }k

sjkp ykr jkp }k g~~ly }jbsb hridbts, }jbsb ghcobh} moqohb ~tohco~lbs(

]jb ~tohco~lb ka moqohb s}tbh`}j os 3( ]jb ~tohco~lb ka moqohb cki~lb}okh os 0( ]jb

~tohco~lb ka jrigho}y o}sbla os 74( ]jb ~tohco~lb ka }jb bhm ka jrigh bhmrtghcb os

=>( ]jb ~tohco~lb ka jbgqbhly ehkplbm`b os 2>( ]jb ~tohco~lb ka }jb iossokh ka igh

os 0>5 ghm }jb ~tohco~lb ka moqohb, sr~bt hg}rtgl gs~bc} ka igh os 74>( Gse }jb Lktm}k sjkp ykr jkp }k dtoh` gll ka }jbsb moqohb ~tohco~lbs }k }jb }gdlb( Osh} o}

oh}btbs}oh` }jg} hkp }jg} pb jgqb tbgcjbm }jb 74}j ~tohco~lbs akt s}toc} srccbss,

}jg} pb gtb }gleoh` gdkr} }jbsb moqohb ghcobh} ~tohco~lbs }jg} jgqb dbbh rsbm dy

Gdtgjgi, Iksbs ghm Fksb~j; ]jby gll rhmbts}kkm }jbsb ghm }jby pkrlm hk} }geb

474


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73 s}b~s, }jby pkrlm khly }geb 745 }jby pkrlmh} }geb 77, }jby pkrlm igeb srtb }jby

}kke 74( Oa g igh khly jgm 7> skhs, jb ckrlm hk} db }jb ag}jbt ka }jb hg}okhs5 jb

jgm }k jgqb 74( O} pgs g qbty ~kpbtarl }bgcjoh`( Lb} ib glsk sgy, sb} }jb

dkrhmgtobs ka ykrt eoh`mki hk} dy loio}g}okhs, kt jkp lo}}lb ykrt eoh`mki os

`koh` }k db, dr} sb} o} ka jkp pomb, `tbg}, ghm do` o} os `koh` }k db ( Dr}, iktb

oi~kt}gh}ly sb} r~ pglls gtkrhm ykrt eoh`mki sk }jg} }jb @tbg} Mbcboqbt cghhk}

ckib kqbt ykrt abhcb(

Gll to`j}, ~tgosb }jb Lktm, pb pgh} }k }ty }k ckhclrmb }jb }bgcjoh` ka ]jb 74

^tohco~lbs Akt S}toc} Srccbssghm }jos os }jb 74}j ~tohco~lb cgllbm, ibgsrtb ykrt

eoh`mki( Dy }jb }o}lb ibgsrtb ykrt eoh`mki, O mkh} ibgh }k loio} o} }k g sigll

eoh`mki, dr} }k ibgsrtb o} gs g `tbg} ghm qgs} bz~ghsb( Dy eoh`mki O glsk ibgh

ykrt loab, ykrt ~tk~bt}y, ykrt ohalrbhcb ghm ~tbsbh}g}okh, ghm }jb }joh`s }jg}

ykr mk }k ckh}todr}b }k jrigh eohm oh }jb sbtqocb ka Glio`j}y @km( Gs ykr

sbtqb }jb Lktm, }jbot gtb ckh}todr}okhs }jg} hg}rtglly alkp oh}k }jb loqbs ka k}jbt

~bk~lb gs g tbsrl} ka ykrt mbqk}bm sbtqocb rh}k Glio`j}y @km, }jg} os ykrt eoh`mki(

G hridbt ka }joh`s gtb `g}jbtbm rh}k ykr5 ~tk~bt}y os `g}jbtbm rh}k ykr,

~kssbssokhs gtb `g}jbtbm rh}k ykr ghm, ka ckrtsb g `kkm hgib os `g}jbtbm rh}k ykr,

gs pbll(

Pjbh pb sgy, ibgsrtb ykrt eoh`mki, O pgh} }k }bgcj ykr }jos ~tohco~lb( O} os gh

ghcobh} ghm moqohb ~tohco~lb }jg} jgs glpgys dbbh rsbm( Oh agc}, o} pgs }jos ~tohco~lb}jg} }jb Glio`j}y @km bi~lkybm pjbh Jb bs}gdlosjbm }jb bgt}j( Jb bs}gdlosjbm o}

oh g 0)mgy ~tohco~lb, kt g 0)mgy ibgsrtb( Jb ibgsrtbm bgcj mgy, ghm kh }jb 0}j mgy

gll pgs pbll, gll pgs mkhb, ghm gll jgm dbbh bs}gdlosjbm( Jb rsbm }jb ~tohco~lb 0 oh

473


36/45

ktmbt }k bs}gdlosj }jb eoh`mki ka }jb bgt}j( Sk }jos ~tohco~lb jgs glpgys dbbh

bi~lkybm(

O }johe }jg} pb, gs }jb ~bk~lb ka }jb Lktm ghm }jb Dodlb hbbm }k db gpgtb ka

}jb agc} }jg} }jbtb gtb ~tohco~lbs }jg} pbtb oh ~lgcb dbaktb @km sgom lb} }jbtb

dy lo`j}( Pb hbbm }k rhmbts}ghm }jg}, ghm g lk} ka pjg} O sbb `koh` kh oh }jb

Cjrtcj, ghm k}jbt tblo okrs }bgcjoh`s, }jby mk hk} gcehkplbm`b }jos agc}( ]jbtb

pbtb ~tohco~lbs }jg} dtkr`j} }jb bgt}j oh}k dboh` ghm ~lgcb, ghm khb ka }jb }joh`s

}jg} pb mk oh }btis ka }jb }bgcjoh` }jg} pb mk jbtb, os }jg} pb bi~lky }jksb

~tohco~lbs( Pb }bgcj }jbi ghm pb }bgcj }jbi atki }jb pktm ka @km dbcgrsb

}jby gtb gll oh }jb pktm ka @km( ]jb k}jbt }joh` }jg} pb mk os òqb g jbgqy mksb

ka }jb rhmbts}ghmoh` ka }jb Klm ]bs}gibh}( O aohm g lgt`b hridbt ka ~bk~lb agol }k

g~~tbcog}b }jb Klm ]bs}gibh} gs pbll dbcgrsb o} os po}joh }jb tbgli ka }jb Dodlb

}jg} pb aohm g lgt`b ~kt}okh ka @kms s}tbh`}j(

Hkp, ibgsrtb ykrt eoh`mki ~r}s oh ykrt jghm g }kkl( O gi òqoh` }k ykr g }kkl,

oh agc} gll 74 ka }jbsb ~tohco~lbs ka s}toc} srccbss gtb }kkls ~lgcbm oh ykrt jghm, ghm

oa ykr pkte o}, ykr poll db srccbssarl, ~kpbtarl, ghm dlbssbm( Tbglly }jos ~tohco~lb

io`j} db pjg} ykr pgh} }k ckhsombt g 2}j moibhsokh( O gi `koh` }k bz~lgoh }jg} g

lo}}lb do} lg}bt kh(

G`goh, O pkrlm loeb }k }gle gdkr} }jb ~tohco~lb ka => gs }jb loio} ka jrigh

bhmrtghcb( ]jbtb gtb sbqbtgl sbìbh}s ka =>, pjocj gtb oh }jb Dodlb }jg}

mbikhs}tg}bs }jb loio} ka jrigh bhmrtghcb( ]jb aots} sbìbh} ka => os }jb

hridbt =>, gs ykr poll tbck`hovb pjbh @km cgrsbm }jb tgoh }k agll r~kh }jb bgt}j

akt => mgys ghm => ho`j}s( O pgh} }k sjkp ykr skib}joh` jbtb ghm O pgh} }k ~r} g

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}kkl oh ykrt jghm( O pgh} }k òqb ykr g òa}( Gll 74 ka }jbsb ~tohco~lbs pjbh ykr

s}rmy }jbi ghm ykr tbglly g~~tbcog}b }jbi ghm tbcboqb }jbi ykrtb `koh` }k

dbckib g ~kpbtarl ~btskh( ]jos os sk cto}ocgl akt rs dbcgrsb pb jgqb tbcboqbm }jb

blbibh}gty bmrcg}okh gdkr} sglqg}okh ghm }jb dlkkm ghm pb gtb hk} glpgys

rhmbts}ghmoh` ka }jb jo`jbt lbqbl kt moibhsokhs oh pjocj @km cgh lbgm, }bgcj, ghm

sjkp rs( Sk pjg} O pgh} }k mk os ~r} g }kkl oh ykrt jghm }k igeb ykr gh bqbh

iktb ~kpbtarl ~btskh(

Pjbh Glio`j}y @km `k} tbgmy }k mbs}tky }jb bgt}j, Jb cgrsbm g tgoh }k agll r~kh

}jb bgt}j akt => mgys ghm => ho`j}s( O} tgohbm gll mgy ghm gll ho`j} akt => mgys ghm

=> ho`j}s ghm g} }jb bhm ka }jb => mgys, @km }jbh mbclgtbm }jg} gll albsj jgm dbbh

mbs}tkybm sgqbm }jksb : skrls, Hkgj ghm jos agioly( @km cgrsbm }jb tgoh }k agll =>

mgys ghm => ho`j}s dbcgrsb => os }jb loio} ka jrigh bhmrtghcb( O} os }jb loio} ka

jrigh bhmrtghcb( @km rhmbts}ghms }jg}, pjb}jbt ykr rhmbts}ghm o} kt hk}, dr} jb

rhmbts}ghms o} ghm sk }jbtbaktb jb cgrsbm }jb tgoh }k agll akt => mgys ghm =>

ho`j}s( _kr ehkp }jg} }jos os dodlocgl ghm ykr igy hk} rhmbts}ghm }jb ~tohco~lb

ka pjy o} jg~~bhbm }jg} pgy(

Glsk, pjbh @km `k} tbgmy }k mbs}tky }jb ~bk~lb ka }jb hg}okh ka Ostgbl, pjk

tbarsbm }k `k oh}k }jg} `kkmly lghm, }jb lghm }jg} pgs alkpoh` po}j iole ghm jkhby

ghm Jb jgm ~tkiosbm }k }jbot `tbg}, `tbg} `tghmag}jbt, Gdtgjgi( Pjbh }jby sgom

}jg} pb gtb hk} `koh` oh}k }jg} lghm akt }jb ògh}s gtb }jbtb, pjbh }jby sgom }jg},@km sgom glto`j}, ykrt dkmobs gtb `koh` }k agll jbtb oh polmbthbss( @km sgom }jg} =>

ybgts poll db }jb lbh`}j ka ykrt }tgqgol ghm g} }jb bhm ka }jb => ybgts bqbtydkmy

pjb}jbt }jby pbtb :> kt => mobm }jbtb oh }jb polmbthbss dbcgrsb => pgs g`goh }jb

ibgsrtb( @km pgs rsoh` Jos kph ~tohco~lb hk} gh gtdo}tgty ~tohco~lb5 dr} }jb

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sbh}bhcb @km rsbm pgs g ckhsos}bh} sbh}bhcb ka jrigh bhmrtghcb( Sk Jb

sbh}bhcbm }jbi => ybgts ghm sgom, yb sjgll mob5 => mgys, => ho`j}s, ghm gll albsj

sjgll db mbs}tkybm kaa }jb bgt}j( Akt}y *=>/ ybgts ghm gll albsj }jg} cgib kr} ka

B`y~} sjgll mob khly }jb albsj }jg} pgs dkth oh }jb polmbthbss sjgll }tgqbtsb Fktmgh

oh}k }jb ^tkiosbm Lghm(

O gi }tyoh` }k jbl~ ykr rhmbts}ghm dbcgrsb gs ykr jgqb igmb hk}b ka, pb gtb

}gleoh` gdkr} ibgsrtb ykrt eoh`mki( Pb jgqb `khb kqbt sbqbtgl ibgsrtbibh}s

ka moqoho}y, Hridbts 3, 0, 74, ghm hkp pb gtb g} hridbt =>, gs }jb ibgsrtb(

Ka ckrtsb, khb ka }jb ghcjkt qbtsbs ka }jos os ^sgli ?>674 ghm }jb ~sglios} ka

Iksbs }bgcjoh` sgys, Sk }bgcj rs }k ibgsrtb krt mgys }jg} pb igy g~~ly krt

jbgt}s rh}k posmki(

]jb drolmoh` }jg} pb hkp kph gs krt cjrtcj drolmoh` os oh g vo~ ckmb ka 7>>40( ]jos

os g qbty ~kpbtarl ghm mos}ohc}oqb vo~ ckmb }k db oh 7, 4 ghm 0( Khb ka }jb }joh`s

}jg} O hk}ocbm pjbh pb `k} tbgmy }k ~rtcjgsb }jos drolmoh`, hk} sk ircj pjg} }jb

s}tbb} gmmtbss pgs dbcgrsb }jg} pkrlm jgqb ckharsbm }jb ossrb( Dr} O hk}ocbm }jb

dlkce ghm lk} hridbts gtb kh }jg} ~tk~bt}y }jg} pb kph( ]jb dlkce hridbt os 7047

ghm }jbh }jb lk} hridbt, gccktmoh` }k }jb pgy }jb Hbp _kte Co}y moqombs o}s

~gtcbls ka lghm, os lk} hridbt 37( Sk }jb dlkce hridbt os 7047, ghm }jb lk} hridbt

os 37( ]jbsb gtb gll qbty ~kpbtarl hridbts r~kh pjocj krt cjrtcj ~tk~bt}y tbs}s(

O} os qbty oi~kt}gh} }jg} ykr rhmbts}ghm jkp }k ibgsrtb ykrt eoh`mki(

Hkp O gi `koh` }k }geb ykr kqbt }k }jb dkke ka Bvbeobl ghm sjkp ykr jkp @km }klm

Bvbeobl }k ibgsrtb }jb }bi~lb( O glsk pgh} ykr }k rhmbts}ghm }jg} }jb `g}bs

ghm }jg} jbgqbh o}sbla jgs ohmbbm g ibgsrtbibh}5 ghm }jbtb gtb 74 `g}bs ghm 74

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pgys oh pjocj ykr gtb gdlb }k bh}bt oh}k }jb eoh`mki ka jbgqbh dy }jb 74 `g}bs

pjocj os }jb hridbt ka jrigho}y( Gtb ykr s}oll po}j ib;

Hkp, pjg} O pgh} }k }ty }k jbl~ ykr }k mk atki }jos ~koh} kh os }k rhmbts}ghm

art}jbt }jb gs~bc} }jg} => os }jb loio} ka jrigh bhmrtghcb ( G`goh, ykr poll

tbibidbt }jg} Iksbs g} }jb bhm ka jos => ybgts oh }jb polmbthbss akrhm @km,

Fbjkqgj @km kh }jb dgce bhm ka Ikrh} Jktbm, }jbtb g} }jb drthoh` drsj( @k }k

Bzkmrs 3, ghm ykr cgh tbgm }jb bh}otb bqbh}(

Glsk ykr poll hk}ocb gs pb ikqb glkh`, }jg} @km rsbs ghm bi~lkys }jb ~tohco~lb

ka => gs g loio} ka jrigh bhmrtghcb( O} pgs }jb loio} ka Fbsrs oh Ig}}jbp =, Jos

}oib ka ags}oh` oh }jb polmbthbss dbaktb }jb gmiohos}btoh` gh`lbs cgib }k g}}bhm

}k joi( O} pgs => mgys ghm => ho`j}s }jg} Fbsrs ags}bm(

O pgh} }k sjkp ykr skib}joh` qbty oh}btbs}oh` }jg} }jb G~ks}lb ^grl igebs ibh}okh

ka oh OO Cktoh}joghs 7764=, O frs} pgh} }k wrocely ~koh} }jos r~( O pgh} }k sjkp ykr

}jb ibgsrtbibh} ka }jb rhmbts}ghmoh` }jg} }jb Tgddos rhmbts}kkm }jos ~tohco~lb

ybgts g`k ghm o} pgs bi~lkybm oh g lgt`b hridbt ka pgys( ]jg} => pgs }jb loio} ka

jrigh bhmrtghcb( Kt oa g igh pgs }k db ~rhosjbm, kt oa jb pgs }k db dbg}bh, oh

Mbr}btkhkiy }jb qbtsb os `oqbh }jg} ykr gtb }k dbg} g igh po}j => s}to~bs( *Mbr}(

4263/

Oa ykr lkke oh OO Cktoh}joghs 7764= ^grl sgys ka }jb Fbps, *jb os }gleoh` gdkr} josighy dbg}oh`s, jos s}khoh`, jos }oib ka hgebmhbss ghm ~btol }jg} jb sraabtbm g} }jb

jghms ka }jksb pjk pbtb hkhb dblobqbts/ dr} jb sgys ka }jb Fbps oh OO Cktoh}joghs

7764=5 aoqb }oibs tbcboqbm O akt}y s}to~bs sgqb khb( ]jb tbgskh pjy jb pgs

khly dbg}bh po}j 3? s}to~bs os dbcgrsb o} pgs rhmbts}kkm }jg} g igh ckrlm khly

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bhmrtb, jos jrigh, jos loio} ka jrigh bhmrtghcb pgs =>( Oa ykr dbg} joi po}j =>

s}to~bs, ~bt cjghcb jb io`j} mob, dr} irs} gssrtbmly o} pkrlm db ckhsombtbm ctrbl

ghm rhrsrgl ~rhosjibh} }k dbg} g igh iktb }jgh => }oibs( Sk sbqbtgl }oibs pjbh

}jby momh} loeb pjg} ^grl pgs ~tbgcjoh`, }jby pkrlm cgll joi, }jby pkrlm dbg} joi,

ghm }jby pkrlm dbg} joi po}j 3? s}to~bs( G} }jb bhm ka }jb 3? s}to~bs kt 3z73,

}jby pkrlm s}k~ dbg}oh` joi dbcgrsb khb iktb s}to~b, => pkrlm jgqb dbbh }jb bhm

ka jos jrigh bhmrtghcb, ghm pjk ehkps, jb igy jgqb mobm po}j frs} khb iktb

s}to~b, pjo~~oh` kt dbg}oh`( O} io`j} jgqb eollbm joi(

O }johe pjg} O gi }tyoh` }k bz~tbss }k ykr os }jg} ykr cgh rsb }jbsb

~tohco~lbs( Frs} loeb O }klm ykr }jg} }jb akk}~toh} ka krt cjrtcj ~tk~bt}y jgs

mos}ohc}oqb hridbts 70, 47, ghm 37( Lkke akt }jksb hridbts ghm bi~lky }jbi( Gs

ykr poll hk}ocb, O mk }bgcjoh`s oh `tkr~s ka 74, 0 kt 3( O jgqb glpgys bi~lkybm

}jbsb ~tohco~lbs( O jgqb g dkke cgllbm 0> lb}}bts }k G]LGJ}jg} O ptk}b( O ckrlm

jgqb pto}}bh 3> lb}}bts kt 42 lb}}bts }k G]LGJ dr} bqbh }jbh, O ehbp }jg} }jb

iossokhgty hridbt ka igh pgs 0>, sk O rsbm mos}ohc}oqbly }jg} hridbt pjocj `oqbs

gh gmmbm ~kpbt }k }jb }joh`s }jg} gtb gltbgmy oh ~lgcb( Glsk, pjbh ykr bi~lky

}jbsb moqohb ~tohco~lbs, }jb @tbg} Mbcboqbt jgs hk ~kpbt }k ckib g`gohs} ykr( Sbb

}jb hridbt }jbisblqbs gtb hk} bik}okhgl, }jby jgqb hk abbloh`s, ghm }jby

igeb hk mbcosokhs bzcb~} }jg} pjocj jgs gltbgmy dbbh mbcombm gdkr} }jbi(

_kr sbb, }jb @tbg} Mbcboqbt cgh }bll ykr g lob, ghm `b} ykr gll bzco}bm ghm cgrsb ykr

}k aly kaa g} }jb jghmlb ghm trh kr} }jb cjrtcj ghm igeb g do` ios}geb po}j ykrtloab( Dr}, }jbsb ~tohco~lbs mk hk} tbs~khm }k }jg}(

]jbtbaktb, }jb rhmbts}ghmoh` }jg} }jby jgqb hk gdolo}y }k db ohalrbhcbm akt

`kkm kt bqol os gccrtg}b gll ka }jb }oib( Sk pb pgh} }k jbl~ ykr rhmbts}ghm }k

47:


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ibgsrtb ykrt eoh`mki, }k bi~lky }jbsb ~tohco~lbs, ykr poll ~tkdgdly hbbm }k ktmbt

}jb }g~b ghm `b} }jbsb }bgcjoh`s ghm los}bh }k }jbi kqbt, ghm kqbt g`goh( O ibgh

gll ka }jb ~tohco~lbs atki 7 }k 74 dbcgrsb gs ykr mk }jg}, ykr gtb `koh` }k dbckib

iktb srccbssarl( ]jos poll jbl~ ykr }k db gdlb }k jgqb }jb eohm ka ~kpbt,

rhmbts}ghmoh`, ghm gdolo}y }jg} ykr hbbm ghm jgqb dbbh lgceoh`(

Sk => os khb, ghm hkp 2> os glsk g hridbt ka ~kpbt( Gc}rglly, }jb iktb gccrtg}b

}tghslg}okh ka 2> os 2, pjbh os }jb ^bh}g, pjocj sgys ykr rhmbts}ghm }jg} }jb

s~jbtbs ka }jb bgt}j, }jb hkt}j, skr}j, bgs} ghm pbs}, r~kh pjocj pb igeb krt

}tgqbtsb ghm jgqb krt oh}btgc}okh( ]jbsb s~jbtbs hkt}j, skr}j, bgs}, ghm pbs} jgqb

g akrt)sombm s~jbtb( Dr} }jb ^bh}g os g aoa}j moibhsokh( ]jb ^bh}g os g aoa}j

moibhsokh ka krt rhmbts}ghmoh`( Sk }jb aoqb dkkes ka Iksbs gtb }jb dkkes }jg}

@km `gqb }k joi oh }btis ka }jb moibhsokhs oh pjocj }jby pbtb }k db }gr`j} po}j

`tbg} rhmbts}ghmoh`(

Lb}s ikqb kh }k hridbt 0>, pjocj os }jb iossokhgty hridbt( Gs pb jgqb lkkebm

g} => gs }jb loio} ka jrigh bhmrtghcb ghm 74 gs }jb hridbt ka jrigho}y( O pgs

}gleoh` po}j g Fbposj tbgl bs}g}b g`bh} }jb k}jbt mgy, ghm O sgom }k joi }jg} }jbtb

gtb khly 74 ~tkabssokhs oh gll ka jrigh eohm( Jb pgs gigvbm }jg} O sgom }jg},

dbcgrsb hk khb jgm bqbt bz~tbssbm }jg} }k joi(

Gc}rglly, oa ykr lkke cgtbarlly g} }jb pktm ka @km, ykr poll hk}ocb }jg} Fbsrs

cjksb 74 mosco~lbs, dbcgrsb bgcj khb ka }jksb mosco~lbs tb~tbsbh}bm g sb`ibh}

ka jrigho}y( O }gr`j} glsk }jg} khb ka }jksb mosco~lbs, Frmgs, agolbm( Jb sklm kr}

krt Lktm ghm Sgqokt akt 3> ~obcbs ka solqbt( Jb jgm g qbty fbglkrs jbgt}, ghm }jg}

dgm jbgt} oh joi lbm }k Frmgs mkphagll( ]jbtbaktb, jb agolbm( Sk O }jbh ckhclrmbm

47?


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po}jkr} dboh` lbm dy }jb Jkly @jks}, O igeb o} clbgt pjbh Fbsrs s~bges }k ib ghm

}blls ib skib}joh` kt }jb Jkly @jks} }blls ib, O }bll ykr }jg} @km sgom( O gi hk}

sgyoh` }jg} @km sgom }jos, dr} O gi igeoh` iy kph ckhclrsokh(

]jb k}jbt mgy pjbh O sgom }jg} qbty ~kssodly }jg} 7+74 ka jrigho}y poll bhm r~ oh

jbll ghm }jb k}jbt 77+74 poll bhm r~ oh }jb ~tbsbhcb ka @km5 tb~tbsbh}g}oqb ka }jb

agc} }jg} }jb Frmgs tb~tbsbh}s g sbìbh} ka jrigho}y( Hkp O mom hk} }bll ykr @km

}klm ib }jg}, mkh} sgy }jg} O mom( Oa @km }blls ib skib}joh`, pjb}jbt ykr tbcboqb

o} kt hk}( O poll sgy }k ykr wro}b clbgtly, }jg} @km sgom }k ib }k }bll ykr, dr} O gi

hk} sgyoh` }k ykr @km }klm ib }k sgy }jg} 7+74 ka jrigho}y poll agol( O ckhclrmbm gs

g tbsrl} ka }jb agc} }jg} bgcj khb ka }jksb mosco~lbs tb~tbsbh}bm g sbìbh} ka

jrigho}y, ghm }jbh pb glsk hbbm }k rhmbts}ghm qbty ~kssodly }jg} Frmgs

agolrtb os ~kssodly g sbìbh} ka jrigho}y }jg} poll agol( O} os g iktb gccrtg}b

rhmbts}ghmoh` ka pjg} jbll pkrlm db loeb, iktb sk }jgh sgyoh` pbll 1>" kt 2>"

agolbm ghm pbh} }k jbll( Iktb loebly o}s ~tkdgdly 7+74 poll hk} igeb o}( O mkh} ehkp

pjki ghm O gi cbt}gohly hk} frmòh` pjk os `koh` }k igeb o}( O soi~ly `gqb }jg}

ckhclrsokh, gs 74 dboh` }jb hridbt ka jrigho}y ghm }jb `g}bs oh}k }jb co}y gtb 74

`g}bs(

Hkp lb}s wrocely ikqb }k hridbt 0>( 0> os }jb iossokh hridbt, }jb iossokhgty

hridbt, kt }jb iossokh iohos}bts gssos}gh} hridbt( 0> os }jb iossokhgty hridbt

ka igh( O} os }jb hridbt ka g ighs loab( ]jb Dodlb sgys oh ^sgli ?>67>, }jb mgyska krt ybgts gtb }jtbbscktb ghm }bhHkp g scktb os 4> ghm }jtbbscktb os 1> ghm

7> bwrgls 0>( ]jb Dodlb oh }jb Klm ]bs}gibh} ibgsrtbs kr} g ighs loab, gs pb gtb

}k ibgsrtb krt eoh`mki(

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Dy }jb pgy O gi hk} `koh` }k jgqb }oib }k }geb ykr }k Bvb( =>, =7)=4, dr} ykr

igeb g s~bcogl hk}b ka }jg} ghm }jbh s}rmy o} akt ykrtsbla, ghm ykr poll sbb }jg} }jb

Lktm jgs ~lgcbm oh Bvbeobls jghm g ibgsrtoh` tkm }k ibgsrtb }jb }bi~lb( ]jbtb

gtb sbqbtgl ibgsrtbibh}s po}joh }jg} s}trc}rtb ka Bvbeobls ibgsrtbibh} }jg}

poll jbl~ rs mbaohb ghm rhmbts}ghm }jb cjgtgc}bt ka }jb ~tbsbhcb ka }jb s~oto}

ghm }jb ~kpbt ka @km( ]jb ~kpbt ghm }jb cjgtgc}bt ka `klm, }jb ~kpbt ghm

cjgtgc}bt ka ~kssbssokhs, ghm }jb ~kpbt ghm }jb cjgtgc}bt ka }jksb }joh`s gltbgmy

ohs}ollbm }jg} gtb po}joh }jb s}trc}rtb ka }jb }bi~lb ka @km( ]jb qbty akrhmg}okh

o}sbla ghm o}s ohalrbhcb dy }jb ibgsrtbibh} }jbtbka( ]jb ibgsrtoh` tkm }jg} pgs

~lgcbm oh }jb ighs jghm poll jbl~ rs rhmbts}ghm }jos, dr} ykr gtb hk} tbgmy

akt }jg} }bgcjoh` frs} yb}, pb poll `b} }k }jg}(

Hkp 0> os }jb iossokhgty hridbt ka g igh( G igh os bz~bc}bm }k loqb 0> ybgts

ghm g} }jb bhm ka }jg} oa jb loqbs = scktb ybgts, pjocj os :>, }jb Dodlb sgys }jbot

s}tbh`}j, lgdkt, ghm skttkp poll skkh db cr} kaa ghm aly gpgy( Jb poll mob, bqbh oa jb

loqbs ~gs} 0>( 0> os g iossokhgty hridbt( _kr poll hk}ocb }jg} Fbsrs sbh} kr}

oho}oglly 0> iossokhgtobs( Jb sbh} }jbi kr}( ]jby pbtb hk} }trb mosco~lbs, }jby

pbtb iossokhgtobs, ghm 0> os }jb iossokhgty hridbt(

Hkp, }jb o}bi os }jg} ykr poll hk}ocb oh }jb Dkke ka Hridbts }jg} pjbh Iksbs

cki~lgohbm }k @km, }jg} jb hbbmbm skib gssos}ghcb( @km `gqb joi 0> Blmbts }k

gssos} joi( Ka ckrtsb, ykr poll hk}ocb g} }jb akrh}goh ka Bloi, }jbtb pbtb 0> ~gli}tbbs ghm 74 akrh}gohs ka pg}bt( Oa ykr `k }k }jb Dodlb, o} os to`j} }jbtb oh Hri(

3367>( Oh Bloi }jbtb pbtb 0> ~gli }tbbs ghm 74 akrh}gohs ka pg}bt( O} pgs g

mblo`j}skib ~lgcb gs }jby pbtb }tgqbtsoh` oh }jb polmbthbss( Ga}bt }jby jgm dbbh

oh }jb polmbthbss gll }jos }oib, Glio`j}y @km gllkpbm }jb cjolmtbh ka Ostgbl }k ckib

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oh}k }jos mblo`j}skib ~lgcb }jg} jgm }jbsb 74 ctys}gl akrh}gohs ka pg}bt, ghm 0>

~gli }tbbs( Jb `gqb }jb hg}okh skib tb~tobqb atki }jbot fkrthby oh }jb polmbthbss(

Dr} 0> os }jb iossokhgty hridbt ka igh( O} os }jb loio} ka g ighs loab( O pgh} }k

`b} }jg} oh}k ykr(

Oh Hridbts 77642)41, @km }kke }jb s~oto} }jg} pgs r~kh Iksbs ghm ~r} o} r~kh 0>

ka }jb Blmbts( Gc}rglly }jksb ibh ckrlm jgqb `khb }k }jb Tbm Sbg, }jb Fktmgh

Toqbt, kt ghy ~lgcb blsb ghm }jb sgib }joh` }jg} Iksbs pgs gdlb }k mk }jby ckrlm

jgqb mkhb( Hkp }jbtb pgs skib mos}ohc}okh oh }jg} `tkr~ ghm }jby pbtb hk}

arlly gpgtb ka pjg} jgm }gebh ~lgcb, dr} }jby tbglly jgm }jb loab ka Iksbs

r~kh }jbi ghm }jby ckrlm jgqb ~btaktibm gs Iksbs ~btaktibm( 0> os }jb

iossokhgty hridbt ka igh sk sgys }jb Dkke ka ^sgli ?>674 ghm o} `bhbtglly os }jb

lbh`}j ka mgys }jg} ibh loqb, skib lbss, skib iktb(

]jbh, ka ckrtsb, oa }jb Lktm lb}s ykr loqb 74> ybgts }jbh ka ckrtsb ykr gtb tbglly

dlbssbm ghm }jg} pgs }jb hridbt ka ybgts }jg} Iksbs loqbm( ]jb Dodlb sgys }jos

ghm 74> os glsk }jb akrhmoh` hridbt ka }jb cjrtcj pjbh o} `k} s}gt}bm kh }jb

mgy ka ^bh}bcks}(

]jbtb os g lk} iktb }jg} cgh db sgom gdkr} }jos }bgcjoh` kh jkp }k ibgsrtb

ykrt eoh`mki ghm jkp }k bi~lky }jbsb ~tohco~lbs ykr poll db gh gs}krhmoh`

srccbss( O ehkp }jg} oa ykr poll ~tgy ghm s}rmy }jbsb }bgcjoh`s, gll }pblqb~tohco~lbs, hk} frs} ibgsrtb ykrt eoh`mki, dbcgrsb po}jkr} bi~lkyoh` mbhogl, }tr}j,

tosoh` bgtly, dboh` ago}jarl kqbt g abp }joh`s, gseoh`, cjgh`b, ghm gll }jb k}jbts,

dbcgrsb po}jkr} bi~lkyoh` }jbi }jbh }jos ~tohco~lb ibghs gdsklr}bly hk}joh` g} gll

}k ykr( ]jbtb os g ckhsos}bhcy }k }jb ~lgh ka @km( O tbckiibhm }jg} ykr s}rmy

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}jbi ghm }jbh, ka ckrtsb, `k aktpgtm }k `lktoay }jb Lktm }jg} ykr poll db g sjohoh`

bzgi~lb ka gh rhrsrgl ~kpbt }jg} os mbikhs}tg}bm oh ykr dbcgrsb ykr jgqb ghk}jbt

pktlm rhmbts}ghmoh` }jg} ckibs atki }jb }jtkhb tkki ka @km o}sbla( Sk O

bhckrtg`b ykr }k s}rmy }jbsb ~tohco~lbs ghm db dlbssbm dy }jbi( ]jb Lktm jgs

sb} }jbi oh ktmbt }jg} pb io`j} db g db}}bt ghm g `tbg}bt ~bk~lb(

O jgqb bhfkybm s~bhmoh` }jos }oib po}j ykr ghm }bgcjoh` ]jb 74 ^tohco~lbs Akt

S}toc} Srccbss( O ~tgy }jg} }jby jgqb dbbh g dlbssoh` }k ykr(

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12 Principles for Strict Success - Principle 12 Measure Your Kingdom

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