12.02.2008 UN Commission for Social Development, 46th session

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CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR MAINSTREAMING DISABILITY

IN THE DEVELOPMENT AGENDA

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Contents

• Convention Cuts Across All Sectors - And Implies Thus Mainstreaming

• Case Finland: Policy and Practice• Good Practice Examples by Partners• Lessons (to be) Learned

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The Convention - Some Obsevations

• Away from the charity, welfare or simple protection models to the Rights-Based Model

• Human Rights are indivisible; disability becomes a cross-cutting, systemic, societal policy issue

• This implies mainstreaming disability in all sectors• Non-discrimination + resonable accommodation

= Design-for-All (”Universal Design”)• Participation evolves toward the right to be involved• From voluntary action to be guided by a legally

binding instrument • Reporting obligation creates a need for systematic

monitoring

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New Development Cooperation Policy

of Finland 2007, Some Highlights• ”Eradication of poverty through economically, socially

and ecologically sustainable development”

• Comprehensive approach to development; join global interests and need for development partnership

• Cross-cutting themes: gender; social equality; rights and equal opportunties of easily excluded groups incl. people with disabilities; HIV/AIDS as a health and societal challenge

• Development partnerships between public and private sectors

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Finnish ”3-track” Disability and Development Policy

(2004)1. Mainstream disability in all sectors and accommodate people

with disabilities on basis of the equal & universal Human Rights approach

2. Complement universal provisions with targeted, additional support and services to equalize access and opportunities for people with disabilities

3. Empower people with disabilities collectively to help them have a stronger voice (support DPOs)

Coherence in the perspectives: Communiques of Nordic Countries’ Ministers for Development

Cooperation 2000 and 2005 Label us Able - A Proactive Evaluation of Finnish Disability

Development Cooperation from Disability Perspective (2003) Finnish Government Report on Disability (2006): all sectors

responsible EU-positions and forthcoming guideline manual on mainstreaming

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Disability - Specific ODA Activities

• Of the bilateral Finnish Official Development Assistance (ODA) 5% goes for disability-specific activities

• Channeled mainly through NGOs/DPOs (75%)• Disability projects by NGOs/DPOs require only 7.5%

own funding (others 15%)• But: Disability-specific activities are not

”mainstreaming”• Goverment Evaluation Unit audit concerning the

cross-cutting themes is ongoing • ? What is the responsibility of the states for

mainstreaming, can it be outsourced?

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Examples of Mainstreaming• Long history: support to the UN in 1990s resulted in the

”Manual on Inclusive Planning”• Support to the Word Bank to include disability aspects to

PRSP sector analyses (expetise and trust funds)• Sector-specific mainstreaming: inclusive education

initiatives (e.g Ethiopia, South Africa, the Balkans) • EFA (Education for All) flagship for inclusive education

secretariat at the Univ. of Jyväskylä• Global Partnership on Disability and Develoment

(GPDD, with Italy, Norway and the World Bank)• Disability component in the training at the Ministry• Use of DPOs as contracted expert bodies in project

appraisal - ”nothing about us without us”

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Examples of Good Practices by Partners• Working on Disability in Country Programmes. A DFID

practice paper (Department for International Cooperation, UK, 2007)

• Making Povery Reduction Strategies (PRSP) Inclusive - handbook and field projects by Handicap International (HI) and Christoffel-Blindenmission (CBM) in partnership with World Bank, GTZ/Germany, the Secretariat of the African Decade of Disabled Persons and the GPDD

• Ethiopian CBR - Network of 39 organizations, covering 50% of the country (CBR= Community Based Rehabilitation)

• World Bank: Social Analysis and Disability: A Guidance NoteIncorporating Disability-Inclusive Development into Bank-Supported Projects

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Lessons (to be) Learned • A Society for All - Disabled people as beneficiaries

- and as contributing agents of action• Two -or three- tracks: mainstreaming +

complementary targeted support + collective empowerment - for strengthen the voice of People with Disabilities

• Tools for inclusive planning and budgeting needed - and many do exist

• Awareness raising and sensitization needed in all agencies

• Including disability is itself a good practice of good policy, good governance, good planning and good implementation

• Partnerships are challenging but necessary - old ”business as usual” is not the option

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Conclusion

• Disability issues should be handled within the context of the main policy, plan, operation and organization of each sector - not as an after thought or an add-on

• and budgeted as part of normal and necessary costs required for acceptable quality of outcomes from the perspectives of human development, social sustainability, equity, accessibility and economic cost-effectiveness

• ”A society fit for disabled people is a good society for all.” (The Manual on Inclusive Planning)

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Comprehensive Social Policies for Development in a Globalizing World

There are people with disabilities in all target groupsWiman, Voipio & Ylönen (eds 2007)

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Reference Material (1)

• Convention (ICPRD) implementation toolkit by DPI: <http://www.icrpd.net/implementation/en/index.htm>

• Label us Able. Evaluation of Finnish Development Cooperation from the Disability Perspective. Min. for Foreign Affairs, 2003 <http://formin.finland.fi/public/download.aspx?ID=13528&GUID={C2043295-F121-4ED1-984D-B394F821C13D}>

• Wiman, R, Voipio, T, Ylönen, M (2007): Comprhensive Social Policies for Development in a Globalizing World. Ministry for Foreign Affairs. Finland <http://info.stakes.fi/ssd/EN/comprehensive/index.htm>

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Reference Material (2)

• Working on Disability in Country Programmes. DFID How to Note (2007) <http://www.dfid.gov.uk/pubs/files/DisguideDFID.pdf> by HI and CBM (2007)Making PRSP Inclusive.by HI and CBM (2007)<http://www.handicap-international.de/images/pdfs_multimedia/prsp_manual_eng_1.pdf>

• Wiman, R (ed): Disability Dimension in Development Action. Manual on Inclusive Planning. STAKES for the UN (1997, 2000, 2003) <http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/publications/FF-DisalibilityDim0103_b1.pdf>

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Contact Details

Ronald WimanSenior Social Development Advisor

KEO-12/ Department for Development PolicyMinistry for Foreign Affairs

Katajanokanlaituri 3P.O.Box 176; FIN-00161 Helsinki, Finland

Tel: +358-9-1605559; GSM: +358-40-556 4812e-mail: Ronald.Wiman@formin.fi

Disability and Development site: http://info.stakes.fi/ssd/EN/index.htm

GPDD- Site on Disability and Poverty Reduction:http://info.stakes.fi/ssd/EN/disabilityandpoverty/

index.htm