13 Colonies Form

The First Permanent Colonies

FIRST REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY First rules by Virginia Company.

Growth led to complaints about rules

1619 company agreed to let colonists have a say

Each town sent two Burgesses (representatives) to an assembly

July 30th First meeting held.

1624 – Because the company was going bad the King took over and made Jamestown the first Royal Colony – England making the $$$$$.

Religious Motivation Next group of colonists from England

traveled for Religious reasons King Henry VIII breaks from Catholic

Church and starts Anglican Church. Catholic Dissenters (disagreed

with Anglicans and still followed Pope) were persecuted

Some Protestants (not the same as Anglican) wanted to change/reform the Anglicans views (Puritans). Others wanted to leave and set up their own churches (Separatists).

Separatists first went to Netherlands but didn’t like their kids losing English “values”.

PLYMOUTH COLONYThey made a deal with Virginia Company – go there, settle

and practice religion their way. Separatists called themselves – PILGRIMS Mayflower – ship that brought them in 1620. Only 35 of

102 people were Pilgrims – others were called “strangers”. Eventually all became called Pilgrims because in Plymouth the Pilgrims set the rules.

HOW PLYMOUTH? They were headed for Virginia but missed & landed in Cape Cod. Winter approaching they decided to stay there.

Leader William Bradford. Because they missed Virginia

they were not governed by its laws.

They governed themselves according to their own laws:the MAYFLOWER COMPACT

FIRST WINTER and SURVIVAL

First winter 50% died – no food, disease and cold.

Springtime They befriended Natives who taught them to Farm, hunt and fish.

Pilgrims made a treaty in March 1621 with the local Natives – Wampanog Tribe (Massasoit was their leader)

NEW ENGLAND COLONIES GROW 1625 Charles I takes throne of England Begins more persecution of Puritans 1629 a group of them form Massachusetts Bay Company to set up a

society based on the bible John Winthrop was their Governor 1630 about 900 Puritans come to Mass. Bay and settle in the area we

know as Boston. During the decade approximately 15,000 Puritans

go to Mass. (GREAT MIGRATION) First laws made by Winthrop and his assistants who

were chosen by stockholders (General court) but in 1634 people demanded more say.

CHANGE WAS MADE – General Court became an elected Assembly.

Adult males could vote for Governor and General Court. Eventually you also had to be a land owner.

PURITANS DID NOT TOLERATE OTHER RELIGIOUS VIEWS…..as a result additional New England Colonies were formed.

CONNECTICUT South of Mass – Good Farmland – In 1630’s colonists

began to move and settle this area (Connecticut River Valley)

Thomas Hooker in 1636 – Not Happy with Puritan leaders so he took a group and went to Connecticut area – Founded Hartford

1639 Hartford, Windsor and Wethersfield form a colony

FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT – plan of government for Connecticut – First written Constitution in America.

RHODE ISLAND

Rhode Island settled by those who were forced from Mass. – First one was Roger Williams because he preached differently and did not like taking land from Natives. He was banished in 1635.

Rhode Island tolerated religious differences so many dissenters came here. All faiths could worship freely Christians and Jews alike.

1638 a different group goes north and forms New Hampshire (Exeter). It was not fully independent from Mass until 1679.

Issues With The Natives

Generally, initial relationships with Natives were good. Virginia dealt with the Powhatan Confederacy. New England deals with Wampanoag, Narragansett and others.

Problems began because Colonists would move onto Native Lands without consent.

1636 war with Pequot and Conn. and Mass colonies.

1675 New England vs. Wampanoag over land dispute (Called King Phillips war because settlers referred to the Wampanoag chief as King Phillip)

New England Colonists won and basically the Natives had no more power freeing the settlers to move where they wanted.

New Netherlands 1621 the Dutch West Indies

Company is established by Dutch Merchants All along the Hudson river area and on

Manhattan Island (New Amsterdam) The Company had bought the island from the Natives in

1626. Settlers came here from Netherlands, Germany, Sweden and

Finland. Bring 50 Settlers get a large estate. Estates ruled by

Patroons. English wanted the great shipping area. 1664 Stuyvesant is the Governor of the Dutch Colony –

English ships cometo attack and he gives up as he is unprepared.

King Charles II gives the colony (Proprietary) to his brother (Duke of York)

Duke and his appointed council governed the colony. Over the years population grew here – people wanted to

have a representative gov’t. – 1691 the English gov’t. allows a legislature to be elected.

New Jersey Duke of York gave land in South to

John Berkeley and George Carteret. They named it New Jersey Offers of good land and good terms, religious

freedom and representative gov’t. attracted people to the colony

It had no port/natural harbors so it did not make profits as expected so each man (Proprietor) sold his share to someone else.

By 1702 the area (NJ) transferred back to the Kings hands and became a royal Colony – Colonists still made local laws.

Pennsylvania

1680 William Penn gets land from King as repayment of loan debt.

Penn was a Quaker (Protestant dissenter) Quakers believed in Toleration and Penn established

the colony as a “Holy Experiment” to practice these new Quaker ideals.

Penn also believed the land belonged to the Natives and was one of the first to negotiate a treaty to buy the land from them. (1682)

He marketed the colony all over Europe (1683) 1701 – “ Charter of Liberties” Penn gave the

colonists the right to have a legislative assembly

Delaware

1704 – Lower county areas of Pennsylvania formed their own separate legislature (Pursuant the “Charter of Privileges”) and functioned as their own colony - Delaware – supervised by the PA Governor.

Maryland

Maryland – Safe Haven for Catholics established by George Calvert in 1632 when he got charter from Charles I.

Farmed Tobacco and then added other crops to protect themselves.

Land offers made to encourage settlers – workers were imported Servants and slaves.

1649 – Act of toleration established to protect colony from becoming Protestant. But it failed as in 1692 the Protestant controlled assembly makes the colony Anglican just like England.

Virginia Grows 1640’s VA governor makes a deal with natives to avoid

settlement conflicts. It limits settler’s ability to move Westward.

Nathaniel Bacon lived West and didn’t like gov’t mostly controlled by Easterners. Did not like the closing of the Western areas.

1676 – Bacon leads Westerners in rebellion. Goes to Jamestown to eliminate Berkeley.

Bacon got sick and Died. England retook control of the area.

The Carolinas1663 King Charles Creates

Carolina 1680 town of Charles Town

(Charleston) is established. John Locke wrote a Constitution.Northern part mostly tobacco and forest products.Southern part more prosperous –fertile soil

and a good Harbor

Rice &Indigo (Blue Dye)1708 over half population

was slaves.1729 North and South

Carolina.

Georgia

Established for debtors and poor people to get a fresh start in 1733

Oglethorpe received a charter. protect colonies from Spanish in the South. 1st town Savannah Colony had small farms, BUT no Slavery, Catholics or Rum

(Banned). Not a lot of debtors came but rather lots of poor people

from other countries. Most non populated British Colony of the 13.

Settlers began to complain about Oglethorpe’s leadership and rules. (Non Slavery, size of land amounts, etc.)

He begins to lift some rules – rum and slaves OK – larger plots of land OK

1751 – he gives up and gives the colony back to the King

Charter Colonies• Connecticut• Rhode Island• Started by a group of

people with a charter• Colonists elected

governors and members of both houses

Proprietary Colonies• Delaware• Maryland• Pennsylvania• Proprietors appointed

governor and upper house

Royal Colonies• Georgia• Massachusetts• New Hampshire• New Jersey• North Carolina• South Carolina• Virginia• Ruled directly by Britain

New England• Urban• Town life centered around

meeting house and common• Subsistence Farming• Small Business• Industry (manufactured

goods)

Middle Colonies• Larger farms• Cash crops• Trade• New York & Philadelphia• Lumber, mining,

manufacturing, crafts• Heterogeneous

Southern Colonies• Tobacco &

Rice• Little

Industry• Slavery• Plantations• Small

farmers

Slavery• Main reason for economic success in

Southern colonies• Most lived

on plantations• Families torn

apart• Some bought

freedom

Population Growth• 1607 – 1775: ~ million

people immigrate into New England

• Larger families• Healthier• Less disease• More food

Merchants, clergy, gentry

Craftsmen, farmers, laborers

Indentured Servants

Slaves