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13 COLONIES
MIDDLE COLONIESNEW YORK
NEW JERSEYPENNSYLVANIA
DELAWARE
MIDDLE COLONIES
NEW NETHERLANDS BECOMES NEW YORK
NEW NETHERLAND BECOMES NEW YORK
• Patroons owned large parcels of land given to them by the Dutch officials to encourage settlement in the New Netherlands.
• Most settlers were in the are called New Amsterdam which is present day Manhattan Island.
• Many settlers from different countries settled in New Amsterdam for trade & religious freedom.
• Peter Stuyvesant was the governor of New Netherlands and was a very strict leader. He demanded very high taxes from the people.
NEW NETHERLANDS BECOMES NEW YORK
• In 1664, the rivalry between England and the Netherlands for trade in the colonies led to a war in Europe.
• English warships entered the port of New Amsterdam and took over the city.
• No one helped Stuyvesant defend the city because they were not loyal to the Dutch or to him!!
MIDDLE COLONIESNEW YORK
• King Charles II of England gave New Netherland to his brother, the Duke of York. He renamed the colony New York in the Duke’s honor.
• New York continued to attract settlers from many different lands & religions. English Puritans, French Protestants, Scots, Irish, Swedes, Dutch, and Finns.
• New York was such a large area and it was too big to govern. So the Duke of York gave some land to his 2 friends Lord Berkeley and Sir George.
MIDDLE COLONIESNEW JERSEY
• Lord Berkeley & Sir George Carteret set up a proprietary colony in New Jersey.
• Proprietors were free to divide the land and rent it to others. They made laws for the colony but had to respect the rights of the colonies under English law.
• In 1702, New Jersey became a Royal Colony under control of the English Crown.
• The colony’s charter protected religious freedom and the rights of an assembly to vote on local matters.
• Very much like New York as far as the people who settled in the colony.
DUKE OF YORK
LORD BERKELY & SIR GEORGE CARTERET
MIDDLE COLONIESPENNSYLVANIA
• William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania.
• He was a Quaker, which was the most despised religion in England. They were arrested, fined, and even hanged for their beliefs.
• He was from a wealthy family and was a friend of King Charles II. The king gave him land in the new world.
• Penn knew he needed a safe haven for the Quakers.
QUAKERS
QUAKER RELIGION
• THEY BELIEVED THAT ALL PEOPLE –MEN AND WOMEN, NOBLES AND COMMONERS– WERE EQUAL IN GOD’S EYES.
• THEY ALLOWED WOMEN TO PREACH IN PUBLIC.
• THEY WOULD NOT BOW OR REMOVE THEIR HATS FOR NOBILITY.
• THEY SPOKE OUT AGAINST ALL WARS AND REFUSED TO SERVE IN THE MILITARY.
• THEY WERE PACIFISTS!
PENN’S HOLY EXPERIMENT
• HE WANTED TO BE A MODEL FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM, PEACE, AND CHRISTIAN LIVING. HE ALLOWED ALL RELIGIONS TO PRACTICE FREELY! (later on he was forced by the King to exclude Catholics & Jews)
• HE CALLED FOR THE FAIR TREATMENT OF NATIVE AMERICANS. HE FELT SETTLERS SHOULD PAY NATIVE AMERICANS FOR THEIR LAND.
• HE LEARNED THE INDIANS LANGUAGE AND TREATED TEHM EQUALLY. IN RETURN THE INDIANS RESPECTED PENN.
PENN’S WOODS= =PENNSYLVANIA
• Penn advertised all over Europe and soon settlers from England, Scotland, Wales, the Netherlands, France, and Germany came.
• A very large population were German speaking Protestants. They were called the PENNSYLVANIA DUTCH because the word Deutsch means German.
WILLIAM PENN
PHILADELPHIA
PHILADELPHIA
• PENN CAREFULLY PLANNED A CAPITOL CITY ALONG THE DELAWARE RIVER.
• HE NAMED IT PHILADELPHIA WHICH MEANS THE CITY OF “BROTHERLY LOVE”.
DELAWARE
• IT HAD ORIGINALLY BEEN PART OF PENNSYLVANIA, BUT IT WAS TOO FAR FOR THEIR REPRESENTATIVES TO GET TO PHILADELPHIA TO VOTE ON ISSUES.
• SO IN 1701, PENN ALLOWED THEM TO ELECT THEIR OWN ASSEMBLY.
• IN 1704, IT BECAME THE COLONY OF DELAWARE.
MIDDLE COLONIES
• GEOGRAPHY- They had a rich and fertile farm land and a longer growing season then the New England colonies.
• They raised wheat, barley, and rye. Which were known as CASH CROPS.
• Farmers also raised cattle & pigs.• They had many skilled artisans.• The colony became a center of manufacturing
and crafts.• They also had large supplies of iron ore.
MIDDLE COLONIESTHE BACKCOUNTRY
• Many Scottish 7 Germans settled at the base of the Appalachian Mountains. They followed an old Iroquois trail called the GREAT WAGON ROAD.
• Life there was much more difficult and they did get into more fights with the Native Americans.
• They hunted wild animals for food, gathered honey from hallow in trees, and made wooden dishes out of the trees.