13 English Colonies

Warm Up:Compare and

contrast the reasons for settlement of Jamestown and Plymouth

Map Activity

• Label the 13 colonies.• Color the middle colonies one color, New

England colonies a different color, and southern colonies another color.

The Thirteen Colonies

New England Middle Southern

MassachusettsNew HampshireConnecticutRhode Island

New YorkPennsylvaniaNew JerseyDelaware

MarylandVirginiaNorth CarolinaSouth CarolinaGeorgia

Notebook• #1 Notebook Title Page• #2 Unit One Title Page• #3 Unit One Warm ups• #4 Why History• #5 Prehistoric Cultures Book Notes• #6 Explorers Notes• #7 Colonies Map • #8 Important People of the New World • #9 Early English Colonies• #10 ACAPS Notes • #11 Puritans vs Pilgrims• #12 Thirteen Colonies Map• #13 Thirteen Colonies Notes

13 English Colonies

• Split into 3 Regions– New England– Middle– Southern

Colonial Regions

Climate Resources Social Class

NE Long winter, short growing season

Rocky soil, good fishing grounds

Middle class

Middle Short winters Larger farms, cash crops of grain

Poor, middle class

Southern Warm, year-round growing season

Plantation, limited cash crops

Rich noble families, poor, indentured servants

What shaped us?• Space – We had bunches of it.

• Wilderness – Not in Europe. Allowed us to have a different mind set of how to live.

• Newness – No history, no stuffy traditions that have to be followed.

• Isolation – We were far away from Europe.

Middle and Southern Colonies

Continue notes on #13

New England

ColoniesColonies Massachusetts, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island & New Rhode Island & New

HampshireHampshire

Religion Puritans wanted to purify the church. Separatists (Pilgrims) wanted to move away.

Industries Fishing, whaling, lumber, fur

Agriculture Subsistence farming

Society Began as church run and evolved into a gov. run. Lots of religion.

A. Charles II and New Colonization

1. Proprietary Colonies– Charles II owed people favors

for helping him during a civil war

– Starts Proprietary Colonies: grants of land to loyal friends

– They would own the land and control the Colonial Government

B. Middle Colonies1. New York (1674)– Charles II gives the land to

his brother– Land was already claimed

by the Dutch (New Netherlands)

– NN becomes NY after English take it

– No Representative Government

2. New Jersey– Was part of NY– Charles II’s brother,

James, gives it to loyal friends

– No Representative Government

3. Pennsylvania (1682)– Quakers settle in Penn– Believed in tolerance and

equality– Set up a colony that

tolerated various religious beliefs

– Amish, Mennonites, and French Protestants came

– William Penn was the sole ruler until 1701, when he sets up a representative government

4. Delaware– 1638: small colony of

Swedes settle there– Later the colony was

seized by England.– William Penn becomes

the proprietor of an area along the Delaware River and bay.

– Later became the colony of Delaware.

ColoniesColonies New York, New Jersey, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and PennsylvaniaDelaware, and Pennsylvania

Religion Mostly Protestant (Germany) and Quakers in Penn.

Industries Harbors and rivers used for shipping. Cattle and pigs. Mills for grinding grain.

Agriculture Mostly grain – Wheat, barley and rye.

Society Very tolerant. Leading city was Philadelphia. (Paved streets, fire department, library . . .)

C. Southern Colonies1. Maryland (1632)– Set up as a haven for

English Catholics being persecuted

– Many Protestants came too, leading to clashes

– 1649: Toleration Act is passed to protect the rights of all Christians to practice their religions

2. Carolinas– To attract settlers:• Representative Government• Religious Toleration

– Hoped to bring more people to the colony– Southern Carolina: large land owners and slave

labor– Northern Carolina: small farmers not dependent

on slave labor– 1729: King makes them 2 separate colonies, NC

and SC

3. Georgia– Started as a “buffer

colony” between Spanish Florida and South Carolina

– Debtors and poor crafts people were sent there

– Trustees first controlled the colony

– Set strict rules on land ownership, slavery, and personal behavior

ColoniesColonies Maryland, Virginia, Maryland, Virginia, N. Carolina, S. Carolina, & N. Carolina, S. Carolina, & GeorgiaGeorgia

Religion Protestant No particular one.

Industries No real industries.

Agriculture Cash crops on plantations. Rice, tobacco, indigo, cotton. Once the nutrients were gone, move

to a new field.

Society Plantations set up classes. Slaves at the bottom and large

plantation owners at the top.

V. Colonial Governments

A. Steps Toward Self-Rule

1. English Citizens?– Colonists claimed they were and that they got all

the rights enjoyed in England– But the English Bill of Rights did not extend to

colonies

2. Self Government and Unity– Massachusetts coined its own money– United Colonies of New England/New England

Confederation was also formed

B. Salutary Neglect

1. Parliament in England– Does not deal with colonial policy

2. Board of Trade– Set up to handle colonial policy– Did not rule colonies very strictly– Colonists sent agents to influence the board

3. What is Salutary Neglect?– Edmund Burke coins the phrase “Salutary

Neglect”– Means that the colonists benefit from being left

alone– Colonial Governments gain some independence

because England is staying out of its business

C. Colonial Governments in 1700s

1. Elected Assemblies– Many colonists saw them as a right– Set them up like the English Parliament– 2 Houses = Bicameral• Governor’s Council – Upper House• Elected Assembly – Lower House

2. Governors– On paper they had power but could not always

back it up– Royal Colonies: Governor chosen by the King– Proprietary Colonies: Governor chosen by the

Proprietor