13th Amendment

1865Ended Slavery

14th Amendment

1868Everyone is a citizen of the

US and the state in which they reside.

Due Process ClauseEqual Protection Clause

15th Amendment

1870Right to vote for all men.

Civil Rights Cases

1883Discrimination legal by

private citizens.

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896Separate but Equal in public

facilities.Jim Crow Laws are

constitutional.

Brown v. Board of Education

May 17, 1954Separate cannot be equal.Provides legal ground for

Civil Rights Movement.Considered the start of the

movement.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Proposed by JFK.Prohibited Discrimination in

public facilities and in inter state commerce.

Created EEOCGave Justice Depart ability to

act.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Uniform standards of voter registration.

Federal govt. could register voters.

Ku Klux Klan 1865

Started after the Civil War by former Confederate Officers to prevent Blacks from voting, resist reconstruction, limit black education.

Ku Klux Klan

Predominate throughout the South.

Found nation wide.Membership has grown

and declined throughout the years.

The Hate List

BlacksCatholicsJewsImmigrants

WASP

WhiteAngloSaxonProtestant

Laws that created segregation in public places.

Jim Crow

De Jure:

De Facto:

Segregation

NAACP 1909

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Attacked civil rights violations in court.

Attacked de jure segregation.

CORE

Congress of Racial Equality.Dedicated to bringing about

change in favor of equal rights, in a non-violent way.

SCLC 1957

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Martin Luther King Jr.Black clergymenNon-violent ProtestFocuses the movement on the

South.

SNCC

Ella Baker1960Student Non-violent

Coordinating CommitteeCollege Students

Montgomery Bus Boycott

1955Rosa Parks arrested for

refusing to give up her seat.Blacks refused to ride city

buses for a year.Supreme Court ruled against

segregation on the buses.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Demonstrated that protests could be successful.

Launched Martin Luther King Jr. into national prominence.

James Meredith 1961

Applied to enter University of Mississippi.

DeniedFiled a lawsuit and won.Required US Marshal’s and

army troops to escort him.

James Meredith

First night at Ole Miss.160 Federal marshal’s shot 2 bystanders shot1 person killed on the first

night alone.

Ole Miss

After a riot in which two people were killed and 375 were wounded, President Kennedy sent 3,000 troops to restore order and allow Mr. Meredith to register as a student.

Emmett Till 1955

Young man from Chicago visiting relatives in Mississippi for the summer.

Killed because he talked to a white woman and claimed to have white girlfriends.

Emmett Till

Two men who did were tried and found innocent despite being identified by Till’s uncle.

School Integration 1957

Central High School Little Rock, Arkansas.

Orval Fabus, Governor, order the National Guard deployed to prevent nine black students from attending.

School Integration 1957

A direct challenge to the authority of the Supreme Court and the President.

President Eisenhower ordered the National Guard placed under Federal control. Sent in regular troops to force integration.

Freedom Summer 1964

Voter Registration DriveMississippiAll major Civil Rights Groups

participated.Klan violence greeted the

volunteers.

Freedom Summer 1964

Three civil rights workers killed by the Klan.

Aided by Deputy Sheriff’s Movie Mississippi Burning

tells the story.