+ All Categories
Home > Documents > 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

Date post: 03-Jan-2016
Category:
Upload: josebadieznogues
View: 18 times
Download: 0 times
Share this document with a friend
Popular Tags:
28
Enhanced High-Speed Packet Access HSPA+ Background: HSPA Evolution Higher data rates Signaling Improvements Architecture Evolution/ Home NodeB
Transcript
Page 1: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

Enhanced High-Speed Packet AccessHSPA+

Background: HSPA EvolutionHigher data ratesSignaling ImprovementsArchitecture Evolution/ Home NodeB

Page 2: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 2Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

HSPA+ (HSPA Evolution) Background

For operators deploying High Speed Packet Access (HSPA*) now, there is the need to continue enhancing the HSPA technology

3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) being standardized now, but not backwards compatible with HSPA412 HSDPA networks in service in 157 countries (Oct. 11)**Investment protection needed for current HSPA deployments

HSPA+ effort introduced in 3GPP in March 2006Initiated by 3G Americas & the GSMAHSPA+ defines a broad framework and set of requirements for the evolution of HSPA

Rel.-7: improvements mainly in downlinkRel.-8: mainly uplink enhancementsRel.-9/10: further improvements

*HSPA is the combination of HSDPA and HSUPA**http://www.4gamericas.org -> Statistics

HSPA+ introduced to continue focus on enhancements to HSPA

Page 3: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 3Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

HSPA+ Goals

Based on the importance of the HSPA-based radio network, 3GPP agreed that HSPA+ should:

Provide spectrum efficiency, peak data rates & latency comparable to LTE in 5 MHz

Exploit full potential of the CDMA air interface before moving to OFDM

Allow operation in an optimized packet-only mode for voice and dataUtilization of shared channels only

Be backward compatible with Release 99 through Release 6Offer a smooth migration path to LTE/SAE through commonality, and facilitate joint technology operationIdeally, only need a simple infrastructure upgrade from HSPA to HSPA+HSPA evolution is two-fold

Improvement of the radioArchitecture evolution

Aggressive HSPA+ goals for enhancing HSPA

Page 4: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 4Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

Higher Order Modulations (HOMs)

HOMs increase the number of bits/symbols transmitted, thereby increasing the peak rate

BPSK 2 bits/symbol

16QAM 4 bits/symbol

64QAM 6 bits/symbol

Uplink Downlink

Increases the peak data rate in a high SNR environmentVery effective for micro cell and indoor deployments

Page 5: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 5Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

HSPA+ (64 QAM & 2x2 MIMO*)

The use of Higher Order Modulations significantly increases the theoretical peak rates of HSPA

Provides data rate benefits for users in very good channel conditions (e.g. quasi-static or fixed users close to the cell center, lightly loaded conditions)

HSPA+ (16 QAM & 2x2 MIMO)

HSPA+ (64 QAM)

HSDPA (16 QAM)

14.0

21.1

28.0

HSPA+ (16 QAM)

HSUPA (BPSK)

11.5

5.74

Downlink

Uplink

Mb/s

Theoretical Max Peak Rates In Perfect RF Conditions

42.2

Higher order modulations provide peak rate benefits for users in very good channel conditions

*Part of 3GPP Rel-8

Equal to LTE peak rates in 5 MHz2x2 SU-MIMO + 64 QAM in DL

16-QAM in UL**

**Using 2 resource blocks for PUCCH and max prime factor restriction = 5

HOM Peak Rate Performance Benefits: DL 64-QAM & UL 16-QAM

Page 6: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 6Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

HSDPA Performance with 64QAM

Without 64-QAM With 64-QAM Gain

Cell Throughput 6.9 Mbit/s 7.65 Mbit/s 10.7%

95%-tile User Throughput 7.1 Mbit/s 8.7 Mbit/s 22.5%

HOMs provide significant improvements for “hot spot” deployments

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

Cat 10/ 15 users Cat 14/ 15 users

thro

ughp

ut/ k

bps

average user throughput 95% user throughput ave. cell throughput

Single micro-cell scenario, advanced receivers required

Page 7: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 7Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

16-QAM for E-DCH

16-QAM being considered in the uplink for HSPA Evolution, for use with the 2ms TTI and with 4 multicodes (2xSF2 + 2xSF4)

Increases peak rate from 5.76 Mbps to 11.52 MbpsSimulation results showed:

16 QAM requires very high SNR at the receiver16 QAM can be used only in case of one single HSUPA active user per cell

BPSK

BPSK

BPSK

BPSK

SF2

SF2

SF4

SF4

I

Q

I

Q

SF2

SF4

16 QAM

I

Q

16 QAM

I

Q

Page 8: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 8Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

Coding/Modulation/Weighting/Mapping

Basic MIMO Channel

The MIMO channel consists of M Tx and N Rx antennasEach Tx antenna transmits a different signalThe signal from Tx antenna j is received at all Rx antennas iChannel capacity can increase linearly

CMIMO min{M,N} CSISO

Weighting/DemappingDemodulation/Decoding

M Tx N Rx

Page 9: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 9Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

MIMO in HSPA+

Release 7 MIMO for HSDPA (D-TxAA)2 x 2 MIMO scheme4 rank-1 precoding vectors and 4 rank-2 precoding matrices are defined

The rank-2 matrices are unitary (the columns are orthogonal) The mobile reports the rank of the channel and the preferred precoding weights periodicallyDynamic switching between single stream and dual stream transmission is supported

Encode Channel interleave

Modulator(16QAM, QPSK)

V11

Encode Channel interleave

Modulator(16QAM, QPSK)

V22

V12

V21

Stream 1

Stream 2

Antenna 1

Antenna 2

Page 10: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 10Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

MIMO Performance Benefits

2x2 D-TxAA MIMO scheme doubles peak rate from 14.4 Mbps to 28.8 Mbps2x2 D-TxAA MIMO provides significant experienced peak, mean & cell edge user data rate benefits for isolated cells or noise/coverage limited cells2x2 D-TxAA MIMO provides 20%-60% larger spectral efficiency than 1x2

00.250.5

0.751

1.251.5

1.752

Near Cell Center Average CellLocation

Cell Edge

Data

Rat

e G

ain

of M

IMO

vs.

S

ISO

fora

n Is

olat

ed C

ell SISO (1x1)

MIMO (2x2)

MIMO provides significant data rate and spectral efficiency benefits for isolated, noise limited cells

Note: All gains normalized to Near Cell Center SISO Data Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Interference LimtedSystem

Isolated Cell

Spec

tral E

ffici

ency

Gai

n (%

) of 2

x2

MIM

O o

ver 1

x2 L

MM

SE

Page 11: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 11Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

Overview of Dual Cell Operation

3GPP Rel-8 scope:The dual cell operation only applies to downlink HS-DSCH

Uplink traffic is carried in one frequencyThe two cells belong to the same Node-B and are on adjacent carriersThe two cells operate with a single TX antenna

Max two streams per user

Improvements in Rel.-9Dual-Band HSDPA MIMO in dual cell operationDual Cell uplink

Multi-carrier HSDPA

Node-B

F1UEF2

DLDL

5 MHz 5 MHz

UL5 MHz

2.1 GHzUL

UTRAN configures one of the cell as the serving cell for the uplink

Page 12: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 12Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

Dual Cell HSDPA Operation for Load Balancing

Dual Cell HSDPA can optimally balance the load on two HSDPA carriers by scheduling active users simultaneously or on least loaded carrier at given TTI

Simple traffic and capacity model

Avg Transfer size : 1000 kbytes

Avg Time between transfers : 60 sec

No gain at very high load

Dual Cell HSDPA operation versus Two legacy HSDPA carriers

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Nb of users in sector footprint

Thro

ughp

ut in

kbp

s

Avg user throughput (2 HSDPA carriers)Avg Sector throughput (2 HSDPA carriers)Avg user throughput (Dual Cell HSDPA operation)Avg Sector throughput (Dual Cell HSDPA operation)

Page 13: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 13Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

Enhanced Layer-2 Support for High Data Rates

Release 6 RLC layer cannot support new peak rates offered by HSPA+ features such as MIMO & 64-QAM

RLC-AM peak rate limited to ~13 Mbps, even with aggressive settings for the RLC PDU size and RLC-AM window size

Release 7 introduces new Layer-2 features to improve HSDPA

Flexible RLC PDU sizeMAC-ehs layer segmentation/ reassembly (based on radio conditions)MAC-ehs layer flow multiplexing

Release 8 improves E-DCHMAC-i/ MAC-is

Layer-2 enhancements to support higher rates of HSPA+

Rel’7

2

1500 byte IP packet

RLC-AM

MAC-ehs

RLC-AM PDU

1500

15001

MAC-ehs PDU

Traffic flow i for user k

2

1500 byte IP packet

RLC-AM

RLC-AM PDU

1500

1500

Traffic flow j for user k

22 bits

802 802

1500 byte IP packet

RLC-AM

802

MAC-hs

802 802802

RLC-AM PDU

MAC-hs PDU

x19

..

.. Rel’6

Traffic flow i for user k

Page 14: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 14Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

MAC-ehs in NodeB

MAC-ehs Functions (TS 25.321)Flow ControlScheduling/ Priority handlingHARQ handlingTFRC SelectionPriority Queue MuxSegmentation

MAC-ehs

MAC – Control

HS-DSCH

TFRC selection

Priority Queue distribution

Associated Downlink Signalling

Associated Uplink Signalling

MAC-d flows

Priority Queue

Scheduling/Priority handling

Priority Queue

Priority Queue

Segmentation

Segmentation

Segmentation

Priority Queue MUX

HARQ entity

Page 15: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 15Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

HSDPA – UE Physical Layer Capabilities

HS-DSCH Category

Maximum number of HS-DSCH multi-

codes

Supported Modulation Formats

Minimum inter-TTI interval

Maximum MAC-hs TB size

Total number of soft channel bits

Theoretical maximum data rate (Mbit/s)

Category 1 5 QPSK, 16QAM 3 7298 19200 1.2

Category 2 5 QPSK, 16QAM 3 7298 28800 1.2

Category 3 5 QPSK, 16QAM 2 7298 28800 1.8

Category 4 5 QPSK, 16QAM 2 7298 38400 1.8

Category 5 5 QPSK, 16QAM 1 7298 57600 3.6

Category 6 5 QPSK, 16QAM 1 7298 67200 3.6

Category 7 10 QPSK, 16QAM 1 14411 115200 7.2

Category 8 10 QPSK, 16QAM 1 14411 134400 7.2

Category 9 15 QPSK, 16QAM 1 20251 172800 10.1

Category 10 15 QPSK, 16QAM 1 27952 172800 14.0

Category 11 5 QPSK 2 3630 14400 0.9

Category 12 5 QPSK 1 3630 28800 1.8

Category 13 15 QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 1 35280 259200 17.6

Category 14 15 QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 1 42192 259200 21.1

Category 15 15 QPSK, 16QAM 1 23370 345600 23.3

Category 16 15 QPSK, 16QAM 1 27952 345600 28.0

Category 17 15 QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM/ MIMO: QPSK, 16QAM

1 35280/23370

259200/345600

17.6/23.3

Category 18 15 QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM/ MIMO: QPSK, 16QAM

1 42192/27952

259200/345600

21.1/28.0

Category 19 15 QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 1 35280 518400 35.2

Category 20 15 QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 1 42192 518400 42.2

cf. TS 25.306Note: UEs of Categories 15 – 20 support MIMO

Page 16: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 16Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

E-DCH – UE Physical Layer Capabilities

E-DCH Category

Max. num.Codes

Min SF EDCH TTI Maximum MAC-e TB size

Theoretical maximum PHY data rate (Mbit/s)

Category 1 1 SF4 10 msec 7110 0.71

Category 2 2 SF4 10 msec/2 msec

14484/2798

1.45/1.4

Category 3 2 SF4 10 msec 14484 1.45

Category 4 2 SF2 10 msec/2 msec

20000/5772

2.0/2.89

Category 5 2 SF2 10 msec 20000 2.0

Category 6 4 SF2 10 msec/2 msec

20000/11484

2.0/5.74

Category 7(Rel.7)

4 SF2 10 msec/2 msec

20000/22996

2.0/11.5

NOTE 1: When 4 codes are transmitted in parallel, two codes shall be transmitted with SF2 and two codes with SF4NOTE 2: UE Category 7 supports 16QAM

cf. 25.306

Page 17: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 17Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

Continuous Packet Connectivity (CPC)

Uplink DPCCH gating during inactivity significant reduction in UL interference

F-DPCH gating during inactivity

New uplink DPCCH slot format optimized for transmission DPCCH only

DataPilot

HS-SCCH-less transmission introduced to reduce signaling bottleneck for real-time-services on HSDPA

CPC significantly reduces control channel overhead for low bit rate real-time services (e.g. VoIP)

Prior to Rel-7

Rel-7 using CPC

DataPilot

Page 18: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 18Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

CPC Performance Benefits

CPC provides up to a factor of two VoIP on HSPA capacity benefit compared to Rel-99 AMR12.2 circuit voice and 35-40% benefit compared to Rel-6 VoIP on HSPA

CPC provides significant VoIP on HSPA capacity benefits

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

AMR12.2 AMR7.95 AMR5.9VoIP

Cap

acity

Gai

n of

CPC

R'99 Circuit VoiceVoIP on HSPA (Rel'6)*VoIP on HSPA (CPC)*

Note: All capacity gains normalized to AMR12.2 Circuit Voice Capacity

* All VoIP on HSPA capacities assume two receive antennas in the terminal

Page 19: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 19Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

“Always On” Enhancement of CPC

CPC allows UEs in CELL_DCH to “sleep” during periods of inactivity Reduces signaling load and battery consumption (in combination with DRX)

Allows users to be kept in CELL_DCH with HSPA bearers configuredNeed to page and re-establish bearers leads to call set up delay

CPC avoids re-establishment delays improves “always on” experience

Incomingcall Page UE

Paging Response

Re-establishbearers

Send data

Without CPC, users typically kept in URA_PCH or CELL_PCH state to save radio resources and battery

UE in URA_PCH

CPC allows users to kept in CELL_DCH

Send data almostImmediately

(<50ms reactivation)

Incomingcall

UE in CELL_DCH

Avoids several hundred ms of call setup delay

CELL_FACH

CELL_DCH

Page 20: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 20Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

Enhanced CELL_FACH & Enhanced Paging Procedure

UEs are not always kept in CELL_DCH state, eventually fall back to CELL_PCH/URA_PCHHSPA+ introduces enhancements to reduce the delay in signaling the transition to CELL_DCH use of HSDPA in CELL_FACH and URA/CELL_PCH states instead of S-CCPCH

Enhanced CELL_FACHEnhanced Paging procedure

In Rel.-8 improved RACH procedureDirect use of HSUPA in CELL_FACH

Enhanced CELL_FACH/Paging/RACH reduces setup delay improves PoC

Incomingcall Page UE

Paging Response

Re-establish bearers

Send data

UE in URA_PCH

CELL_FACH

CELL_DCH

Use HSDPA for faster

transmission of signaling messages

2ms frame length with up to 4 retransmissions

Page 21: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 21Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

E-RACH – High level description

RACH preamble ramping as in R’99 with AICH/E-AICH acknowledgementTransition to E-DCH transmission in CELL_FACH

Possibility to seamlessly transfer to Cell_DCHNodeB can control common E-DCH resource in CELL_FACH

Resource assignment indicated from NodeB to UE

10 ms

#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4p-

a

#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4PRACH access slots

10 ms

Access slot set 1 Access slot set 2

#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4

Transmission starts with power ramping

on preamble reserved for E-DCH

access

NodeB responds by allocating common E-DCH

resources

UE starts common E-DCH transmission.

F-DPCH for power control, E-AGCH for rate control, E-HICH for HARQ

Page 22: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 22Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

HSPA+ Architecture Evolution

Integration of some or all RNC functions into the NodeB provides benefits in terms of:Network simplicity (fewer network elements)Latency (fewer handshakes, particularly in combination with One-Tunnel)Synergy with LTE (serving GW, MME, eNB)

Backwards compatible with legacy terminalsCentral management of common resources

NodeB

RNC

SGSN

GGSN

Traditional HSPA Architecture

User Plane

Control Plane

HSPA+ offers flexibility for a flatter network architecture option

NodeB

RNC

SGSN

GGSN

HSPA with One-Tunnel Architecture

NodeB+

SGSN

GGSN

HSPA+ with One-Tunnel Architecture for PS services

Page 23: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 23Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

Evolved HSPA Architecture – Full RNC/NodeB collapse

2 deployment scenarios: standalone UTRAN or carrier sharing with “legacy” UTRAN

EvolvedHSPA NodeB

SGSN

GGSN

Userplane: Iu/Gn(”one tunnel”)Control

plane: Iu

Iur

EvolvedHSPA NodeB

SGSN

GGSN

Userplane: Iu/Gn(”one tunnel”)Control

plane: Iu

Iur

RNC

NodeBNodeB

” Legacy”UTRAN

Iu

Evolved HSPA - stand-alone Evolved HSPA - with carrier sharing

EvolvedHSPA NodeB

SGSN

GGSN

Userplane: Iu/Gn(”one tunnel”)Control

plane: Iu

Iur

EvolvedHSPA NodeB

SGSN

GGSN

Userplane: Iu/Gn(”one tunnel”)Control

plane: Iu

RNC

NodeBNodeB

” Legacy”UTRAN

Iu

Evolved HSPA - stand-alone Evolved HSPA - with carrier sharing

Page 24: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 24Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

Home NodeB – Background

Home NodeB (aka Femtocell) located at the customers premise

Connected via customers fixed line (e.g. DSL)Small power (~100mW) to only provide coverage inside/ close to the building

AdvantagesImproved coverage esp. indoorSingle device for home/ on the moveSpecial billing plans (e.g. home zone)

ChallengesInterferenceSecurityCosts

IP Network

UE

Gateway

OperatorCN

Page 25: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 25Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

CN Interface

Iuh

Iu-CS/PS

Home NodeB architecture principles based on extending Iu interface down to HNB (new Iuh interface)

Approach

Leverage Standard CN Interfaces (Iu-CS/PS)

Minimise functionality within Gateway

Move RNC Radio Control Functions to Home NodeB and extend Iu NAS & RAN control layers over IP network

Features

Security architecture

Plug-and-Play approach

Femto local control protocol

CS User Plane protocol

PS User Plane protocol

FMS interface

RNC RAN GW

NodeB HNB

RAN Gateway Approach with new “Iuh” Interface

Mobile CS/PS Core

Page 26: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 26Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

Summary

Enhancements for HSDPA & E-DCH specified in UMTS Rel.-7 & 8Investment protection for HSPA operatorsFill the gap before deployment of LTEProvide alternative to LTE in some selected scenarios

Improvements on capacity and performanceHigher peak data ratesSignaling improvementsArchitecture evolution

HSPA+ features were designed to provide a smooth evolution from Rel-99 or Rel-5/Rel-6 HSPA by enabling:

Backwards compatibilityLegacy Rel-99/Rel-5/Rel-6 terminals can be supported on an HSPA+ carrier simultaneously with HSPA+ trafficNew HSPA+ terminals likely with support Rel-99 and/or Rel-5/Rel-6 HSPA

Simple upgrade of existing infrastructure (for both HW & SW)Further improvements in Rel.-9 & 10 to further increase peak data rate

E.g. Dual Cell E-DCH (Rel.-9), 4 cell HSDPA (Rel.-10)Meanwhile, 164 HSPA+ networks in service in 81 countries (Oct. 11)**

Page 27: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 27Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

HSPA+ References

Papers:H. Holma et al: “HSPA Evolution,” Chapter 15 in Holma/ Toskala: “WCDMA for UMTS,” Wiley 2010R. Soni et al: “Intelligent Antenna Solutions for UMTS: Algorithms and Simulation Results,” Communications Magazine, October 2004, pp. 28–39

StandardsTS 25.xxx series: RAN AspectsTR 25.308 “HSDPA: UTRAN Overall Description (Stage 2)”TR 25.319 “Enhanced Uplink: Overall Description (Stage 2)”TR 25.903 “Continuous Connectivity for Packet Data Users”TR 25.876 “Multiple-Input Multiple Output Antenna Processing for HSDPA”TR 25.999 “HSPA Evolution beyond Release 7 (FDD)”TR 25.820 (Rel.-8) “3G Home NodeB Study Item Technical Report”

Page 28: 13 Umts-hspa+ Ws11

UMTS Networks 28Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011

Abbreviations

AICH Acquisition Indicator ChannelAMR Adaptive Multi-RateBPSK Binary Phase Shift KeyingCLTD Closed Loop Transmit DiversityCPC Continuous Packet ConnectivityCQI Channel Quality InformationDSL Digital Subscriber LineE-RACH Enhanced Random Access ChannelF-DPCH Fractional Dedicated Physical Control

ChannelGW GatewayHNB Home NodeBHOM Higher Order ModulationHSPA High-Speed Packet-AccessIA Intelligent AntennaLTE Long Term EvolutionMAC-ehs enhanced high-speed Medium Access

ControlMAC-i/is improved E-DCH Medium Access

ControlMIMO Multiple-Input Multiple-Output

Mux Multiplexing

PARC Per Antenna Rate Control

PCI Precoding Control Information

PDU Protocol Data Unit

Rx Receive

RTT Round Trip Time

SDU Service Data Unit

SAE System Architecture Evolution

S-CPICH Secondary Common Pilot Channel

SDMA Spatial-Division Multiple-Access

SINR Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio

SISO Single-Input Single-Output

SM Spatial Multiplexing

Tx Transmit

VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol

16QAM 16 (state) Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

64QAM 64 (state) Quadrature Amplitude Modulation


Recommended