INDIAN RAILWAYS- AN INTRODUCTIONB.V.L.NARAYANASenior professor / transportation management

Scheme of presentationHistory of rail roadsEvolution of IROrganizational structure and managementStaffing patternManagement of staffWelfare activitiesNegotiating machineriesGrievance redressal mechanisms

History of Rail roads1550 AD Roads of rails called wagon ways used in Germanywooden rails, horse drawn carriages1776 ADRails now of metal. Wheels metalcalled tram wayshorse drawn-spread all over Europe1789ADWilliam Jessop- invented the flanged wheel1803 ADSteam engine built by Richard trevethick

History of rail roadsRAILROADS feasible due to invention of steam engine1789- first flanged wheels designed Jessop1804 first tramway steam engine built and used R. Trevithick1825-Stockton and Darlington railways functional1814-George Stephenson built first rail engine1826- john Stevens- first American railroad1857 first sleeping car built Pullman1869-george Westinghouse invention of air brakes1970s high speed technology

HISTORY OF RAILRODS-INDIA1832 first proposed in madrasbangalore1836-survey carried out1840- lord Hardinge decides to support building of railwaysirrespective of commercial viability1845-two companies EIR and GIPR operatingDec 22 1851roorkee functional railway system to haul construction materialApril 16 1853- Bombay thane first passenger train run15 august 1854 Howrah to hoogly

History of railroads in India The British government encouraged the setting up of railways by private investors under a scheme that would guarantee an annual return of 5% during the initial years of operation. Once completed, the company would be passed under government ownership, but would be operated by the company that built them.1862-Howrah benaras1870- East and west network linked 6400 kms and 95 million pounds investment

History of railroads India By 1880 the network had a route mileage of about 14,500km (9,000miles), mostly radiating inward from the three major port cities of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta. By 1895, India had started building its own locomotives, and in 1896 sent engineers and locomotives to help build the ugandan railways .In 1900, the GIPR became a government owned company. The network spread to modern day states of Assam, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh and soon various independent kingdoms began to have their own rail systems. 1901 railway board constituted1907 most companies taken over by governmentfirst electric locomotive1914-1918impact of world war I1920 61000 kms networkindependent railway budget1940-44impact of second world war

History of IR pre independenceIRCAThe Indian Railway Conference Association came into existence in the year 1902. AT that time railway network in India consisted of 19 privately owned separate railways systems covering a total of 8,475 miles. Each company had formulated its own rules and regulations regarding charging, booking and carriage of Passengers and Goods. Due to multiplicity of rules the user was very much inconvenienced. With a view to overcome the difficulties in regard to different rules and regulations and to frame rules regarding movement of wagons of one railway system over the other, the Indian Railway Conference Association was formed in the year 1902. Initially the Association was constituted to frame rules and regulations for booking of traffic and interchange of trains between railways, to act as a consultative Committee and as a Board of Arbitration. Subsequently the Committees for prescribing common standards for wagon maintenance and Classification were formed and by 1926 it was decided to have permanent Committees and Technical sections covering all spheres of Railway working under IRCA.

History of IR post independence1946 all company railways taken over by government. 40% railways in Pakistan42 separate systems (32 Princely state railways); 55000 KMSMulti gauge1951- reorganization and merger of all company railways6 Zones 1952BG standard, indigenous production units; electrification1986-steam phased outMetro built in Calcutta1998-konkan railway built

EAST INDIAN RAILWAY -1860

Some company railwaysBBCIThe Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway (BB&CI) was a company incorporated in 1855 to undertake the task of constructing a railway line between Bombay and Vadodara in India. BB&CI completed the work in 1864. The first suburban railway in India was started by BB&CI started between Virar and Colaba, a station in Bombay Backbay in the 1867The Colaba-Borivali section (37.8 km) was eletrified on 5 January, 1928 on the 1.5 kV DC system.1936 electrification of churchgate-virarOn 5 November 1951 the Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway was merged with the Saurashtra, Rajputana and Jaipur railways to give rise to the Western Railway.

Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway

The Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway was a railway company that operated in southern India. It was founded on January 1, 1908, by merging the Madras and the southern mahratta railways. Initially, its headquarters was at Royapuram in Madras but later shifted to a newly constructed building at Egmore, which was inaugurated on December 11, 1922. On April 1, 1944, its management was taken over directly by the Government of India.[1] On 14 April, 1951, the Madras and South Mahratta Railway, the South indian railway and the mysore state railway were merged together to form the Southern Railway, one of the 16 zones of the Indian Railways

MSM RAILWAY MAP OF NETWORK

Sheet1

Sl. NoNameAbbr.Date EstablishedHeadquartersDivisionsRailwaysRoute Kilometrege opened on 3lst March 1986

1CentralCR5-Nov-51MumbaiMumbai, Bhusawal, Pune, Solapur, Nagpur(1) Central6,486.32

2East CentralECR1-Oct-02HajipurDanapur, Dhanbad, Mughalsarai, Samastipur, Sonpur(2) Eastern4,281.25

3East CoastECoR1-Apr-03BhubaneswarKhurda Road, Sambalpur, Visakhapatnam(3) Northern10,976.67

4EasternERApril, 1952KolkataHowrah, Sealdah, Asansol, Malda(4) North Eastern5,163.31

5North CentralNCR1-Apr-03AllahabadAllahabad, Agra, Jhansi(5) North East Frontier3,763.01

6North EasternNER1952GorakhpurIzzatnagar, Lucknow, Varanasi(6) Southern6,728.66

7North WesternNWR1-Oct-02JaipurJaipur, Ajmer, Bikaner, Jodhpur(7) South Central7,137.54

8Northeast FrontierNFR1958GuwahatiAlipurduar, Katihar, Lumding, Rangia, Tinsukia(8) South Eastern7,075.05

9NorthernNR14-Apr-52DelhiDelhi, Ambala, Firozpur, Lucknow, Moradabad(9) Western10,224.40

10South CentralSCR2-Oct-66SecunderabadSecunderabad, Hyderabad, Guntakal, Guntur, Nanded, VijayawadaTotal61836.21

11South East CentralSECR1-Apr-03Bilaspur, CGBilaspur, Raipur, Nagpur

12South EasternSER1955KolkataAdra, Chakradharpur, Kharagpur, Ranchi

13South WesternSWR1-Apr-03HubliHubli, Bangalore, Mysore

14SouthernSR14-Apr-51ChennaiChennai, Madurai, Palakkad, Salem, Tiruchchirapalli, Thiruvanathapuram

15West CentralWCR1-Apr-03JabalpurJabalpur, Bhopal, Kota

16WesternWR5-Nov-51MumbaiMumbai Central, Vadodara, Ratlam, Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Bhavnagar

Name of RailwayMileageDate from which taken over by Centre

(i) Gaekwar's Baroda State Railway*7361st August, 1949

(ii) Bikaner State Railway8831st August, 1950

(iii) Cutch State Railway721st August, 1950

(iv) Dholpur State Railway561st August, 1950

(v) Jaipur State Railway2531st August, 1950

(vi) Jodhpur Railway8071st August, 1950

(vii) Mysore State Railway7121st August, 1950

(viii) Nizam's State Railway13961st August, 1950

(ix) Rajasthan Railway1791st August, 1950

(x) Saurashtra Railway12741st August, 1950

(w) Scindia State Railway2941st August, 1950

a) Madras and Southern Maharastra Railway2,9394,732

(b) South Indian Railway2,3493,782

(c) Mysore State Railway7291,173

(a Great Indian Peninsula Railway3,6175,823

(b) Nizam's State Railway1,4612,353

(c) Dholpur State Railway5690

Scindia State Railway294473

a) Bombay Baroda and Central India Railway (less Delhi-Rewari-Fazilka and Kanpur-Achnera Sections).3,5225,670

(b) Saurashtra Railway1,3632,195

(c) Jaipur State Railway291469

(d) Rajasthan Railway197317

(e) Cutch State Railway72116

(e) Marwar-Phulad section of Jodhpur Railway72

a) Bengal Nagpur Railway3,3885,455

(b) East India Railway (Except portion transferred to Northern Railway )2,2793,668

Eastern Punjab Railway1,9153,083

(b) Bikaner State Railway8831,422

(c) Jodhpur Railway (Expect Marwar-Phulad Section)7951,280

(d) Moradabad, Lucknow & Ellahabad Division of East Indian Railway2,1013,383

(e) Delhi-Rewari Fazilka Section of Bombay & Central Indian Railway313504

Oadh-Tirhut Railway2,7414,413

(b) Assam Railway1,7742,857

(c) Kanpur-Achnera section of Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway252405

Sl. No

Name

Abbr.

Date Established

Headquarters

Divisions

Central

Mumbai

East Central

Hajipur

East Coast

Bhubaneswar

Eastern

Kolkata

North Central

Allahabad

North Eastern

Gorakhpur

North Western

Jaipur

Northeast Frontier

Guwahati

Northern

Delhi

South Central

Secunderabad

South East Central

Bilaspur, CG

South Eastern

Kolkata

South Western

Hubli

Southern

Chennai

West Central

Jabalpur

Western

Mumbai

Sheet2

Sheet3

History of IR post independence1946 all company railways taken over by government. 40% railways in Pakistan42 separate systems (32 Princely state railways); 55000 KMSMulti gauge1951- reorganization and merger of all company railways6 Zones 1952BG standard, indigenous production units; electrification1986-steam phased outMetro built in Calcutta1998-konkan railway built

Sheet1

Sl. NoNameAbbr.Date EstablishedHeadquartersDivisionsRailwaysRoute Kilometrege opened on 3lst March 1986

1CentralCR5-Nov-51MumbaiMumbai, Bhusawal, Pune, Solapur, Nagpur(1) Central6,486.32

2East CentralECR1-Oct-02HajipurDanapur, Dhanbad, Mughalsarai, Samastipur, Sonpur(2) Eastern4,281.25

3East CoastECoR1-Apr-03BhubaneswarKhurda Road, Sambalpur, Visakhapatnam(3) Northern10,976.67

4EasternERApril, 1952KolkataHowrah, Sealdah, Asansol, Malda(4) North Eastern5,163.31

5North CentralNCR1-Apr-03AllahabadAllahabad, Agra, Jhansi(5) North East Frontier3,763.01

6North EasternNER1952GorakhpurIzzatnagar, Lucknow, Varanasi(6) Southern6,728.66

7North WesternNWR1-Oct-02JaipurJaipur, Ajmer, Bikaner, Jodhpur(7) South Central7,137.54

8Northeast FrontierNFR1958GuwahatiAlipurduar, Katihar, Lumding, Rangia, Tinsukia(8) South Eastern7,075.05

9NorthernNR14-Apr-52DelhiDelhi, Ambala, Firozpur, Lucknow, Moradabad(9) Western10,224.40

10South CentralSCR2-Oct-66SecunderabadSecunderabad, Hyderabad, Guntakal, Guntur, Nanded, VijayawadaTotal61836.21

11South East CentralSECR1-Apr-03Bilaspur, CGBilaspur, Raipur, Nagpur

12South EasternSER1955KolkataAdra, Chakradharpur, Kharagpur, Ranchi

13South WesternSWR1-Apr-03HubliHubli, Bangalore, Mysore

14SouthernSR14-Apr-51ChennaiChennai, Madurai, Palakkad, Salem, Tiruchchirapalli, Thiruvanathapuram

15West CentralWCR1-Apr-03JabalpurJabalpur, Bhopal, Kota

16WesternWR5-Nov-51MumbaiMumbai Central, Vadodara, Ratlam, Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Bhavnagar

Sl. No

Name

Abbr.

Date Established

Headquarters

Divisions

Central

Mumbai

East Central

Hajipur

East Coast

Bhubaneswar

Eastern

Kolkata

North Central

Allahabad

North Eastern

Gorakhpur

North Western

Jaipur

Northeast Frontier

Guwahati

Northern

Delhi

South Central

Secunderabad

South East Central

Bilaspur, CG

South Eastern

Kolkata

South Western

Hubli

Southern

Chennai

West Central

Jabalpur

Western

Mumbai

Sheet2

Sheet3

Network zones

IR zonal RAILWAYS ON DATE

Sheet1

Sl. NoNameAbbr.Date EstablishedHeadquartersDivisions

1CentralCR5-Nov-51MumbaiMumbai, Bhusawal, Pune, Solapur, Nagpur

2East CentralECR1-Oct-02HajipurDanapur, Dhanbad, Mughalsarai, Samastipur, Sonpur

3East CoastECoR1-Apr-03BhubaneswarKhurda Road, Sambalpur, Visakhapatnam

4EasternERApril, 1952KolkataHowrah, Sealdah, Asansol, Malda

5North CentralNCR1-Apr-03AllahabadAllahabad, Agra, Jhansi

6North EasternNER1952GorakhpurIzzatnagar, Lucknow, Varanasi

7North WesternNWR1-Oct-02JaipurJaipur, Ajmer, Bikaner, Jodhpur

8Northeast FrontierNFR1958GuwahatiAlipurduar, Katihar, Lumding, Rangia, Tinsukia

9NorthernNR14-Apr-52DelhiDelhi, Ambala, Firozpur, Lucknow, Moradabad

10South CentralSCR2-Oct-66SecunderabadSecunderabad, Hyderabad, Guntakal, Guntur, Nanded, Vijayawada

11South East CentralSECR1-Apr-03Bilaspur, CGBilaspur, Raipur, Nagpur

12South EasternSER1955KolkataAdra, Chakradharpur, Kharagpur, Ranchi

13South WesternSWR1-Apr-03HubliHubli, Bangalore, Mysore

14SouthernSR14-Apr-51ChennaiChennai, Madurai, Palakkad, Salem, Tiruchchirapalli, Thiruvanathapuram

15West CentralWCR1-Apr-03JabalpurJabalpur, Bhopal, Kota

16WesternWR5-Nov-51MumbaiMumbai Central, Vadodara, Ratlam, Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Bhavnagar

Sl. No

Name

Abbr.

Date Established

Headquarters

Divisions

Central

Mumbai

East Central

Hajipur

East Coast

Bhubaneswar

Eastern

Kolkata

North Central

Allahabad

North Eastern

Gorakhpur

North Western

Jaipur

Northeast Frontier

Guwahati

Northern

Delhi

South Central

Secunderabad

South East Central

Bilaspur, CG

South Eastern

Kolkata

South Western

Hubli

Southern

Chennai

West Central

Jabalpur

Western

Mumbai

Sheet2

Sheet3

Productivity over time

Railway medical services

Railway medical services

Staff welfareStaff Benefit Fund is an important channel for providing additional facilities to railway employees and their families in the spheres of education, recreation, medicare, sports, scouting and cultural activities. Dispensaries under the indigenous systems of medicine, viz. Ayurvedic and Homeopathic, are run with the help of this Fund.

Important statisticsApproximately 42% staff have been provided with railway quarters.253 canteens served subsidized meals and refreshments to employees during the year at their work-places.Co-operative societies of various types are encouraged as a part of welfare programme for employees.

Important activities171 registered Railwaymen's Consumer Co-operative Societies, 19 Railwaymen's Cooperative Housing Societies and 29 Labour Contract Cooperative Societies were functional on IR during 2007-08.IR attaches due importance to recreation for its employees and provides excellent facilities through Institutes/Clubs for sports, libraries, etc. and Holiday Homes to enable the employees and their families to enjoy holidays at nominal expenses.

Railway Minister's Welfare and Relief FundThe Fund provides financial assistance and relief to railwayemployees and their families in times of distress. Voluntarycontributions from the employees and Railway Women's Welfare Organizations constitute the primary source of the Fund. Life Line Express, with all medical facilities, runsunder the aegis of Rajiv Gandhi Foundation, New Delhi fororganizing medical camps in the hinterland.

Railway SchoolsIR runs and manages 365 railway schools which include nearly 100 Senior/Secondary/High Schools. These schools provide quality education at subsidized cost to about one lakh children of railway employees and about 30,000 non-railway wards. There are about 5,500 teachers and about 1,100 nonteaching staff employed in these railway schools. IR also supports 62 Kendriya Vidyalayas for the benefit of wards of railway employees.

Empowerment, Welfare, and Development of Women

IR is the largest employer in the country with 13,94,520 employees of which 82,712 are women employees as on March 31, 2008.Various privileges are also available to women railway employees like maternity leave, special leave for promoting family welfare and most significantly Child Care Leave for a period of 2 years which has been introduced recently.Complaint redressal system under gender discriminationHandicraft centres and Mahila Samities have been instituted to impart skills necessary for pursuing income generating vocations. A specific outlay is earmarked under Staff Benefit Fund towards Women Empowerment Activities. This is for women family membersWomen Welfare Organisations are also being run by wives of Railway Officers who are also promoting the cause of women through activities like nursery schools, crches, institutions for mentally challenged children, promoting talent amongst wards of the employees and rendering necessary financial assistance in deserving cases.

Other major activitiesSports Help to differently abled personsConcessionsFacilities at stations and in coachesReservation in posts-3%Staff grievance redressal systemPension adalatsPermanent negotiating machinery

Undertaking under IRCONCORSet up in 19893500 crores turn over22% profit Center for railway information systemResponsible for creation and implementation of major IT systems on IRDedicated freight corridor corporation of India Set up 2006 November

Undertakings under IRIRCONSet up 1976Internationally spreadConstruction company2100 crores turnoverIRCTCManages catering, tourism and e-ticketingIRFCFacilitates market mobilization of finances for railways

Undertakings under IRKRCLStarted in 1998Runs 760 km long railway linePRCLRAILTELRITESTECHNICAL, ECONOMIC AND CONSULLTANCY SERVICES

Undertakings under IRRVNL to raise non budgetary resources SPVConstruction activitiesAdvisory boardsRail users committeesResearch advisory boardOur heritage3 heritage railwaysRail museum

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