130849711 State Bank of Pakistan

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A Presentation on

State Bank of Pakistan: Pakistans Central BankBy: Muhammad Iqrash Awan


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ContentsWhat you can expect from this presentation Part 1: Introduction to Central Banking and SBP The Concept of a Central Bank State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) Historical Backgof SBP Establishment of SBP Organization of SBP Independence of SBP

Part 2: Core Functions of SBP Primary Functions Secondary Functions Non-Traditional Functions


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Introduction to Central Banking & State Bank of Pakistan


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Central BankExplaining the Concept of a Central Bank A central bank is a bank which constitutes the apex of the monetary and bankingstructure of its country and which performs, best it can in the national economic interest. It usually issues the currency, regulates the money supply, and controls the interest rates in a country.


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Central BankExplaining the Concept of a Central Bank Central banks often also oversee the commercial banking system of their respective countries. A central bank possesses a monopoly on printing the national currency, which usually serves as the nation s legal tender. Examples include the Federal Reserve of the United States, the People

s Bank of China, and State Bank ofPakistan.


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State Bank of Pakistan (SBP)The Central Bank of Pakistan The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) (Urdu: )is the central bank of Pkistan Act 1956, with subsequent amendments, forms the basis of its operations.


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Historical Background of SBPReserve Bank of India - Before Separation Before independence on 14 August 1947, the Reserve Bank of India was the centralbank for both India and Pakistan. On 30 December 1948 the British Government scommission distributed the Reserve Bank of India s reserves between Pakistan (30%) and India (70%).


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Historical Background of SBPEstablishment of The State Bank of Pakistan On May, 1948 Muhammad Ali Jinnah took steps to establish the State Bank of Pakistan. These were implemented in June 1948. The State Bank of Pakistan commenced operation under the State Bank of Pakistan Order 1948 on July 1, 1948.


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Organogram of SBPOrganizational Structure of SBPBoard of Directors

Governor

Economic Advisor Executive Director Banking

Deputy Governor Banking Director Islamic Banking Head Treasury Department Executive Director FRM

Deputy Governor Management Director/Head HRD

Director CMAD

Director Audit

Director Research

Director Eco PD

Director ISD

Director ACD

Director BPD

Director Accounts

Director Statistics

Director BSD

Director EPD

Director BID

Director PSD


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Organization of SBPOrganizational Structure of SBP Board of Directors The Central Board consists of nine members: The Governor (who is Chairman) The Secretary Finance Division, Government of Pakistan & Seven Directors including one Director from each Province (nominated bythe Federal Government)

The Directors are appointed for terms of up to three years. Deputy Governors of the Bank may also attend the meeting of the Board, if required, but they do not have the right to vote.


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Organization of SBPOrganizational Structure of SBP Management The management of the Bank consists Governor (one or more) Deputy Governors Executive Directors Economic Advisor ectors of various departments.

The Governor is the Chief Executive Officer and directs and controls the whole affairs of the Bank on behalf the Central Board. The Federal Government appointsDeputy Governors.


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Independence of SBPThe Right of SBP to Work Without Intervention The State Bank of Pakistan (amendment) Act. 1997 states, No govt. or quasi-governmental body or agency shall issue directives directly or indirectly, to any banking company or any other any other financial institution regulated by the Bank. This law ensures that State Bank can work independently with governmental intervention.


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Core Functions of State Bank of Pakistan


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Core Functions of SBPResponsibilities Which SPB is Entrusted WithCore Functions of SBP

Traditional Functions

NonTraditional Functions

Primary Functions

Secondary Functions


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Core Functions of SBPTraditional Functions: Primary FunctionsIssue of Notes Conduct of Monetary and Credit Policy Regulation and Supervisionof Financial System Banker s Bank Lender of Last Resort Banker to Government


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Core Functions of SBPTraditional Functions: Secondary FunctionsPublic Debt Management Management of Foreign Exchange

Advisor to Government Relations with International Financial Institutions


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Core Functions of SBPNon-Traditional FunctionsDevelopment of Financial Institutions Training Facilities to Bankers

Credit to Priority Sectors Islamization of Banking System


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Primary Functions of State Bank of Pakistan


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Primary Functions of SBPIssue of Notes Regulation of currency in accordance with the requirements of business and the general public. Granted the sole right of issuing notes in the country under Section 24 of the State Bank of Pakistan Act, 1956. Two separate dept. deal with theaffairs of issuing of notes Issue Department: Deals with the issue of notes Banking Department: Undertakes general banking business


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Primary Functions of SBPIssue of Notes The issue of one rupee and subsidiary coins is the prerogative of the Federal Government. The Bank merely looks after the management of their issue on behalf ofthe Government. The State Bank also issues "Commemorative (Yadgari)" notes andcoins of different denominations at occasions of national importance.


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Primary Functions of SBPIssue of Notes Since 1965, SBP has been required to keep a min. amount of Rs.1.2 billion in theshape of gold coins, gold bullion, and silver bullion or approved foreign exchange as the backing for note issue. Currently there are three offices of issue atKarachi, Lahore, Peshawar, and a number of currency chest all over the country.


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Primary Functions of SBPConduct of Monetary and Credit Policy Section 9A of SBP Act, 1956 entrusts the Central Board of the Bank to formulateand monitor monetary and credit policy by taking into account the Federal Govt.s targets for growth and inflation. State Bank must take into account Recommendation of the Monetary and Fiscal Policies Co-ordination Board.


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Primary Functions of SBPConduct of Monetary and Credit Policy Main Instruments used by SBP: SBP 3-day Repo Rate T-Bill Auctions Open Market Operation Statutory Liquidity Rtio


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Primary Functions of SBPConduct of Monetary and Credit Policy SBP 3-day Repo Rate SBP provides a lending facility to the scheduled banks for up to 3 days throughReverse Repo transactions. The interest rate charged on this facility serves asthe main tool to give interest rate signals to the money market. Increase in this rate gives a signal of monetary tightening.


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Primary Functions of SBPConduct of Monetary and Credit Policy T-Bill Auctions T-Bill stand for treasury bill. SBP 3-day repo rate influences the yield of T-bills sold through auctions. The cut off yield is determined by the Auction Committee, keeping in view monetary targets, current economic and financial conditionsand expected market response. The Six month T-bill is considered the most important benchmark by the money market.


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Primary Functions of SBPConduct of Monetary and Credit Policy Open Market Operation SBP is conducting regular Open Market Operations (OMOs) since January 1995. Till October 1997, SBP used to mop up liquidity from the market in case of excess but it refrained to inject funds in case of liquidity crunch. In October, 1997, it started bi-directional intervention; now Repo transactions are used to mop up liquidity and Reverse Repo to inject it.


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Primary Functions of SBPConduct of Monetary and Credit Policy Statutory Liquidity Ratio Commercial banks are required to keep some fraction oftheir assets in the form of cash, Treasury Bills (T-Bills) or other approved securities. This fraction is called Statutory Liquidity Ratio. Its main objectiveis to ensure that banks have sufficient funds in the form of liquid assets. Currently this ratio (excluding Cash Reserve Requirement) is 15% of time and demandliabilities.


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Primary Functions of SBPRegulation & Supervision of Financial System It is a principal task of SBP to make sure that financial system is sound. SBP has been given has been given vast powers under Pakistani Law to monitor financial system. It is the responsibility of State Bank to systematically monitor the performance of every banking company to ensure its compliance with the statutorycriteria, and banking rules & regulations


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Primary Functions of SBPRegulation & Supervision of Financial System SBP monitors the banking activities through a combination of off-site monitoringand on-site inspection. Off-site surveillance is conducted by SBP through various periodical returns received from banks and DFIs. On-site inspection is undertaken on the premises of the concerned banks.


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Primary Functions of SBPRegulation & Supervision of Financial System Prudential Regulations In order to safeguard the interest of depositors and to ensure the safety and soundness of the banks/DFIs, the SBP has issued Prudential Regulations. The regulations incorporate the spirit and essence of Bank of International Settlement (BIS) regulations These are constantly watched for possible improvement to get better result from their implementation.


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Primary Functions of SBPRegulation & Supervision of Financial System There are separate prudential regulation for: Agriculture Financing Corporate / Commercial Banking SMEs Financing Consumer ancing Micro Finance Banks

This way each set of regulations serves the relevant area in the best possible way. A brief introduction to these is given in upcoming slides.


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Primary Functions of SBPRegulation & Supervision of Financial System Prudential Regulations for Corporate & Commercial Banking The regulations focus on Credit Risk Management, Corporate Governance, Anti Money Laundering and Operations. The regulations on Credit Risk cover: Per party exposure limits of the bank/DFIs Limit for clean advances Investment in shares/Term Finance Certificates (TFCs) Provisioning requirements for stuck-upassets Exposure to NBFC and Margin requirements etc.


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Primary Functions of SBPRegulation & Supervision of Financial System Prudential Regulations for Consumer Financing These regulations have been devised to encourage the banks to diversify their loan portfolio through creation of new products. It ensure that banks undertake Consumer Financing in a prudent manner. The Regulations require strengthening of risk-management processes of the banks/DFIs through establishing comprehensive credit risk management systems.


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Primary Functions of SBPRegulation & Supervision of Financial System Prudential Regulations for SME Financing These regulations facilitate and encourage the flow of bank credit to the SME sector, keeping in view their important role in the economic development.

Prudential Regulations for Micro Finance Banks These regulations discuss about the minimum paid up capital, cash reserves, andloan extending of a micro finance Bank.


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Primary Functions of SBPBankers Bank State Bank also functions as the bankers bank. Banks are classified as: Scheduled Banks Non-Scheduled Banks

Scheduled Banks are entitled to certain facilities from the State Bank and in return they have some obligations to it.


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Primary Functions of SBPBankers Bank State Bank provides the following three important services to the scheduled banks: Excess Reserves kept with SBP Remittances Facilities Clearing through NIFT Inbank Payments Statutory Reserves


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Primary Functions of SBPLender of the Last Resort A lender of last resort is an institution willing to extend credit when no one else will. The State Bank provides loan and rediscount facilities to scheduled banks in times of dire need when they find no other source of funds. These facilities are ordinarily provided by the Bank against government securities, trade bills, agriculture bill, etc. These loans are essentially short-term in nature andare advanced to enable the banks to meet their temporary requirements of funds.


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Primary Functions of SBPBanker to Government SBP conducts the banking business of Federal and Provincial Government and somegovernment agencies. SBP provides the following services to the governments: It accepts the deposits of cash, cheques and drafts by the Government. Federal and Provincial governments keep their deposits with the Bank free of interest.


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Primary Functions of SBPBanker to Government SBP does not charge any commission to the governments for the banking services rendered to them. The Federal and Provincial governments can obtain advances fromSBP. On behalf of Federal, Provincial or Local governments the Bank also undertakes sale/purchase of gold, silver, approved foreign exchange, securities or shares in any company, collection of return on these shares/securities.


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Secondary Functions of State Bank of Pakistan


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Secondary Functions of SBPPublic Debt Management Public debt refers to all the money that the government is liable to pay. The Bank is responsible for the management of government debt under subsection 13(e) of section 17, and section 21 of the SBP Act, 1956. The Public Debt Act 1944 alsodefines the responsibilities of SBP for public debt management.


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Secondary Functions of SBPPublic Debt Management In order to efficiently manage the public debt, a department namely, SecuritiesDepartment was setup in 1990. SBP is responsible for payments of interest to holders of public debt instruments.


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Secondary Functions of SBPManagement of Foreign Exchange SBP is responsible for maintaining the external value of the currency. SBP tookcharge of management and administration of the exchange system of the country inline with the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1947. SBP is authorized to purchase and sell gold, silver or foreign exchange and transactions of special drawing rights with the International Monetary Fund.


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Secondary Functions of SBPManagement of Foreign Exchange The Bank is responsible to keep the exchange rate of the rupee at an appropriatelevel and prevent it from wide fluctuations. As the custodian of countrys external reserves, State Bank is also responsible for the management of the foreign exchange reserves.


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Secondary Functions of SBPAdvisor to Government SBP acts as an advisor to the Government on financial and economic matters particularly with reference to their monetary aspects. The Bank counsels the Government on loan operations and advises it with regard to the timings, terms and conditions and rate of return on these loans. The advisory role of the Bank has beenmade mandatory in accordance with the Section 9A of the SBP Act 1956.


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Secondary Functions of SBPAdvisor to Government Monetary and Fiscal Policies Coordination Board (MFPCB) The State Bank also participates in economic policy making as a member of various government agencies and committees. In order to coordinate fiscal, monetary, foreign trade and exchange rate policies, a Monetary and Fiscal Coordination Boardhas been set up.


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Secondary Functions of SBPAdvisor to Government Reports on the State of the Economy The Bank submits its review of the economy to the Parliament through its annualand quarterly reports. A special reference is given to economic growth, money supply, credit, balance of payments and price developments.


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Secondary Functions of SBPRelationships with IFIs SBP deals with the IMF on behalf of the Government of Pakistan. The Governor State Bank accompanies the Minister of Finance in annual general meeting of the IMFand World Bank. The State Bank of Pakistan also deals with other internationalfinancial organizations including Bank for International Settlement, the World Bank, Central Banks of foreign countries, etc.


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NonTraditional Functions of State Bank of Pakistan


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Non-Traditional Functions of SBPDevelopment of the Banking System SPBs major contribution is the facilitating and fostering of the banking system in Pakistan. At time of independence it was a challenge for SBP to develop a Banking System in Pakistan. The initiated to set-up NBP and allow foreign banks to do their business in Pakistan are two major steps towards development of BankingSystem.


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Non-Traditional Functions of SBPDevelopment of the Banking System Micro Finance Khushali Bank and the First Micro Finance Bank have been setup by SBP to promotemicrofinance in the country. A set of prudential regulations has also been issued to keep the activities of these banks.

Promotion of Islamic Banking State bank of Pakistan is playing a leading role in the promotion of Islamic Banking in Pakistan. Conferences, workshops, seminars and presentations are being conducted to create public awareness and develop better coordination among various stakeholders of Islamic banking.


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Non-Traditional Functions of SBPTraining Facilities to Bankers Institute of Bankers Pakistan is an institution working under SBP that aims to provide the country with trained bankers. Training Department/Division provides courses on central and commercial banking for both domestic and international participants. National Institute of Banking and Finance (NIBAF), Islamabad providesspecial training to bankers also puts special emphasis on Islamic Banking.


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Non-Traditional Functions of SBPDevelopment of the Banking System SBP has also started scholarships for PhD in economics and finance in order to meet its needs for professionally qualified personnel in these fields. In order to cater to information needs of the bankers, researchers, students and general public, a main library was setup in 1949. The library has a rich collection of books, technical reports, Government documents, periodicals and magazines mainly relating to the subjects of economics, banking, finance, management, commerce, etc.


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Non-Traditional Functions of SBPCredit to Priority Sectors SBP has also introduced various credit schemes to channel resources towards priority sectors like: Export finance scheme Mandatory credit for agriculture Small business Small indstries


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Non-Traditional Functions of SBPIslamization of the Banking System The State Bank has also been involved in the process of Islamization of the economy in general and the banking system in particular. Considerable amount of research work is undertaken in Islamic Economics Division which includes the natureand connotation of Riba, the Sharia position of present day interest based financial system, various alternatives to interest and the fiscal system of Islam.


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Non-Traditional Functions of SBPIslamization of the Banking System Secretariat of Council of Islamic Ideology The Islamic Economic Division of the Bank served as a secretariat to the Councilof Islamic Ideology (C.I.I.) in late 1970s Various reports of the C.I.I. formedthe genesis for changes in the banking system that were introduced in later years. The financing procedure based on mark-up adopted by banks in 1985 was, however, declared un-Islamic by the Federal Shariat Court (FSC) in November 1991. It also directed the Government to set up, within specified time frame, a commissionfor transformation of the financial system.


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Non-Traditional Functions of SBPIslamization of the Banking System Commission for Transformation of Financial System The Commission for Transformation of Financial System (CTFS) was constituted bythe Government in January 2000. A Task Force was set up in the Ministry of Finance to suggest the ways to eliminate interest from Government financial transactions.


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Non-Traditional Functions of SBPIslamization of the Banking System Measures for Transformation of Financial System The State Bank issued detailed criteria in December 2001 for establishment of fullfledged Islamic commercial banks in the private sector. In order to allow existing banks to open subsidiaries for Islamic banking, an amendment in section 23of Banking Companies Ordinance, 1962 was made on 6th November, 2002.


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Non-Traditional Functions of SBPIslamization of the Banking System Major steps taken towards Islmization of Banking System in Pakistan: Establishment of Shariah Board Special Cash Reserve for Islamic Banks Islamic Eport Refinance Scheme Accounting & Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions Full membership of Islamic Financial Services Board Shariah Compliance Audit of Islamic Banks


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130849711 State Bank of Pakistan

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