Date post: | 31-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | aubrey-welch |
View: | 225 times |
Download: | 0 times |
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
Review Vocab:
• Organism• Population
New Vocab:• Ecology• Communit
y• Ecosystem• Biome
KEY CONCEPT Ecology is the study of the relationships among organisms and their environment.
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
Main Idea 1: Ecologists study environments at different levels of organization.
• Ecology is the study of the interactions (relationships) among living things, and between living things and their surroundings.– Studying how life interacts within the
biosphere.• Scientists used to study each organism
separatelyas if they existed in isolation.
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
Levels of Organization(There are 5 levels)
However, now scientists study nature on different levels, from
local to a global scale. This organization reveals the complex
relationships found in nature.
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
OrganismOrganism
First level:• An organism is an individual
living thing, such as an alligator.
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
OrganismOrganism
Population
Population
Second level:• A population is a group of the
same species that lives in one area.• What can cause populations
to change?
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
Limiting Factors of Limiting Factors of PopulationsPopulations– Birth & death rates
eventually balanceFactors: Disease,
food, predators, climate, space, mates
• Carrying Capacity: Greatest number of individuals that a population can sustain– What stage is the human
population in?
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
Human Population: Fast Growth Stage • How have
humans extended our carrying capacity?
• Farming• Medical
innovations• Clean
water• Public
assistance
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
OrganismOrganism
Population
Population
Community
Community
Third level:• A community is a group of
different species that live together in one area.
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
OrganismOrganism
Population
Population
Community
Community
Ecosystem
Ecosystem
Fourth level:• An ecosystem includes all of the
organisms as well as the climate, soil, water, rocks and other nonliving things in a given area.
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
OrganismOrganism
Population
Population
Community
Community
Ecosystem
Ecosystem
BiomeFifth level:• A biome is a major regional or
global community of organisms characterized by the climate conditions and plant communities that
thrive there.
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
• Climate factors that affect biomes: sun, rain, topography• Climate
determines life.
Basically, a biome is a large area with distinct climate, plant, and animal life.
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
KEY CONCEPT Every ecosystem includes both living and nonliving factors.
New Vocab:• Biotic• Abiotic• Biodiversit
y• Keystone
Species
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
Main Idea 1:An ecosystem includes both biotic and abiotic factors.
• Biotic factors are living things, like:
– plants– animals– fungi– Bacteria• Bio = Life
•If something has life, then it is living.
plants
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
• Abiotic factors are nonliving things, like: – moisture– temperature– wind– sunlight – soil– rocks
moisture
sunlight
•A = Without Bio = Life
•If something does not have life, then it is not living.
•The balance of these factors determines what can live in a particular environment.
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
Main Idea 2:Changing one factor in an ecosystem can affect many other factors.
An ecosystem is a complex web of connected biotic and abiotic factors.
• Biodiversity is the assortment, or variety, of living things in an ecosystem.– The amount of biodiversity in an ecosystem
depends on many factors.– Rain forests have more biodiversity than other
locations in the world, but are threatened by human activities.
– Why is this?
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
• A keystone species is a species that has an unusually large effect on its ecosystem.– Because there are complex relationships
within an ecosystem, a single change (a few broken strings in a web) in biotic or abiotic factors could have a variety of effects.
keystone
What would happen if the keystone in the arc was missing?