PASSAGE-1 A stock exchange allows companies to offer a specific piece or share of their company to anyone for money. A share represents a small percentage of ownership within a company. The first company to issue shares of stock was the Dutch East India Company, in 1602. People that purchase the shares can in turn sell their shares to other people. The stock exchange is a physical or electronic place where buyers and sellers meet to trade these shares. There are many stock exchanges throughout the world. The value of the shares increases and decreases as the company has success or difficulty. If a person buys a share in a company that has success in the future the value of that share increases. The price of the share can also be affected by the health of the economy, financial or technical reports, and/or the success of other companies. As more people want to purchase a stock, the value of that stock increases. When you purchase a stock, you hope a continual wave of good news for that company. The goal of shareholders is to buy a stock for a low price and sell it for higher price. Well established companies give their profits to shareholders in the form of a dividend. If a company has 10 shareholders and they make $1000 in a years' time, each shareholder will receive $100. The stock still retains its value on top of the dividend paid to shareholders. To buy or sell a stock you would need to establish an investment account. This account is maintained by stockbrokers. Stockbrokers buy and sell stock for the clients they represent. Stockbrokers receive either a percentage of the sale or a flat rate per stock trade. Answer the question using the information fr0m the paragraph. Give evidence if needed. 1. What is meant by a "share" of a company? ______________________________________________________________ _________________ ______________________________________________________________ _________________
Transcript
PASSAGE-1
A stock exchange allows companies to offer a specific piece or share of their company to anyone for money. A share represents a small percentage of ownership within a company. The first company to issue shares of stock was the Dutch East India Company, in 1602. People that purchase the shares can in turn sell their shares to other people. The stock exchange is a physical or electronic place where buyers and sellers meet to trade these shares. There are many stock exchanges throughout the world.
The value of the shares increases and decreases as the company has success or difficulty. If a person buys a share in a company that has success in the future the value of that share increases. The price of the share can also be affected by the health of the economy, financial or technical reports, and/or the success of other companies. As more people want to purchase a stock, the value of that stock increases. When you purchase a stock, you hope a continual wave of good news for that company.
The goal of shareholders is to buy a stock for a low price and sell it for higher price. Well established companies give their profits to shareholders in the form of a dividend. If a company has 10 shareholders and they make $1000 in a years' time, each shareholder will receive $100. The stock still retains its value on top of the dividend paid to shareholders.
To buy or sell a stock you would need to establish an investment account. This account is maintained by stockbrokers. Stockbrokers buy and sell stock for the clients they represent. Stockbrokers receive either a percentage of the sale or a flat rate per stock trade.
Answer the question using the information fr0m the paragraph. Give evidence if needed.
3. If a wide variety of negative news were to circulate about a particular public company, how would the value of that companies stock be affected. Explain in detail.
But man is not destined to vanish. He can be killed, but he cannot be destroyed, because his soul is deathless and his spirit is irrepressible. Therefore, though the situation seems dark in the context of the confrontation between the superpowers, the silver lining is provided by amazing phenomenon that the very nations which have spent incalculable resources and energy for the production of deadly weapons are desperately trying to find out how they might never be used. They threaten each other, intimidate each other and go to the brink, but before the total hour arrives they withdraw from the brink.
1. The main point from the author's view is that A. Man's soul and spirit can not be destroyed by superpowers.
B. Man's destiny is not fully clear or visible.
C. Man's soul and spirit are immortal.
D. Man's safety is assured by the delicate balance of power in terms of nuclear weapons.
E. Human society will survive despite the serious threat of total annihilation.
Ans :
2. The phrase 'Go to the brink' in the passage means A. Retreating from extreme danger.
B. Declare war on each other.
C. Advancing to the stage of war but not engaging in it.
D. Negotiate for peace.
E. Commit suicide.
Ans :
3. In the author's opinion A. Huge stockpiles of destructive weapons have so far saved
mankind from a catastrophe.
B. Superpowers have at last realized the need for abandoning the production of lethal weapons.
C. Mankind is heading towards complete destruction.
D. Nations in possession of huge stockpiles of lethal weapons are trying hard to avoid actual conflict.
E. There is a Silverlining over the production of deadly weapons.
Ans :
4. 'Irrepressible' in the second line means A. incompatible
B. strong
C. oppressive
D. unrestrainable
E. unspirited
Ans :
5. A suitable title for the above passage is A. Destruction of mankind is in evitable.
B. Man's desire to survive inhibits use of deadly weapons.
C. Mounting cost of modern weapons.
D. Threats and intimidation between super powers.
E. Cowardly retreat by man
Ans :
6. The silver lining is provided by amazing phenomenon. What is the synonym for the italicised word?
A. Despair
B. Bright side
C. Disposition
D. Hopelessness
Ans :
7. The word confrontation in the passage meansA. Discord resulting from a clash of ideas or opinionsB. A direction opposite to anotherC. An electrical device that resists the flow of electrical currentD. The state of not being susceptible
Ans :
8. Various nations have spent incalculable resources and energy onA. Production of medicines.B. InventionsC. Education.D. Production of deadly weapons.
Ans :
9. They are desperately trying to find out how they might never be used. What might never be used?
A. Ideas.B. Deadly weaponsC. Toys.D. People
Ans :
10. What do we mean by intimidate?A. ThreatenB. PacifyC. LoveD. Call
Ans :
PASSAGE-3
Disequilibrium at the interface of water and air is a factor on which the transfer of heat and water vapor from the ocean to the air depends. The air within about a millimeter of the water is almost saturated with water vapor and the temperature of the air is close to that of the surface water. Irrespective of how small these differences might be, they are crucial, and the disequilibrium is maintained by air near the surface mixing with air higher up, which is typically appreciably cooler and lower in water vapor content. The turbulence, which takes its energy from the wind mixes the air. As the speed of wind increases, so does the turbulence, and consequently the rate of heat and moisture transfer. We can arrive at a detailed understanding of this phenomenon after further study. The transfer of momentum from wind to water, which occurs when waves are formed is an interacting-and complicated phenomenon. When waves are made by the wind, it transfers important amounts of energy-energy, which is consequently not available for the production of turbulence.
1. This passage principally intends to: A. resolve a controversy
B. attempt a description of a phenomenon
C. sketch a theory
D. reinforce certain research findings
E. tabulate various observations
Ans :
2. The wind over the ocean usually does which of the following according to the given passage? I. Leads to cool, dry air coming in proximity with the ocean surface. II. Maintains a steady rate of heat and moisture transfer between the
ocean and the air. III. Results in frequent changes in the ocean surface temperature.
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only
E. I, II, and III
Ans :
3. According to the author the present knowledge regarding heat and moisture transfer from the ocean to air as
A. revolutionary
B. inconsequential
C. outdated
D. derivative
E. incomplete
Ans :
4. According to the given passage, in case the wind was to decrease until there was no wind at all, which of the following would occur?
A. The air, which is closest to the ocean surface would get saturated with water vapor.
B. The water would be cooler than the air closest to the ocean surface.
C. There would be a decrease in the amount of moisture in the air closest to the ocean surface.
D. There would be an increase in the rate of heat and moisture transfer.
E. The temperature of the air closest to the ocean and that of the air higher up would be the same.
Ans :
5. What is the synonym for turbulence?A. Severely inflamed and painfulB. Exclamation indicating an apologyC. A state of violent disturbance and disorderD. Troubled emotionally and usually deeply
Ans :
PASSAGE-4
The Food and Drug Administration has formulated certain severe restrictions regarding the use of antibiotics, which are used to promote the health and growth of meat animals. Though the different types of medicines mixed with the fodder of the animals kills many microorganisms, it also encourages the appearance of bacterial strains, which are resistant to anti-infective drugs.
It has already been observed that penicillin and the tetracyclines are not as effective therapeutically as they once used to be. This resistance to drugs is chiefly caused due to tiny circlets of genes, called plasmids, which are transferable between different species of bacteria. These plasmids are also one of the two kinds of vehicles on which molecular biologists depend on while performing gene transplant experiments. Existing guidelines also forbid the use of plasmids, which bear genes for resistance to antibiotics, in the laboratories. Though congressional dabate goes on as to whether these restrictions need to be toughened with reference to scientists in their laboratories, almost no congressional attention is being paid to an ill advised agricultural practice, which produces deleterious effects.
1. In the present passage, the author's primary concern is with: A. The discovery of methods, which eliminate harmful microorganisms
without generating drug-resistant bacteria.
B. Attempting an explanation of the reasons for congressional inaction about the regulation of gene transplant experiments.
C. Portraying a problematic agricultural practice and its serious genetic consequences
D. The verification of the therapeutic ineffectiveness of anti-infective drugs
E. Evaluation of the recently proposed restrictions, which are intended to promote the growth of meat animals.
Ans :
2. As inferred from the above passage, the mutual transfer of plasmids between different bacteria can result in which of the following?
A. Microorganisms, which have an in-built resistance to drugs
B. Therapeutically useful circlets of genes
C. Penicillin like anti-infective drugs
D. Viruses used by molecular biologists
E. Carriers for performing gene transplant experiments.
Ans :
3. According to the above passage the author believes that those who favor the stiffening of restrictions on gene transplant research should logically also.
A. Approve and aid experiments with any plasmids except those, which bear genes for antibiotic resistance.
B. Inquire regarding the addition of anti-infective drugs to livestock feeds
C. Oppose the using of penicillin and tetracyclines in order to kill microorganisms
D. Agree to the development of meatier live-stock through the use of antibiotics
E. Approve of congressional debate and discussion regarding science and health issues.
Ans :
4. The attitude the author has with reference to the development of bacterial strains that render antibiotic drugs in effective can best be described as
A. indifferent
B. perplexed
C. pretentious
D. insincere
E. apprehensive
Ans :
5. The Food and Drug Administration has formulated certain severe restrictions
A. StringentB. DangerousC. TerribleD. Wicked
Ans :
PASSAGE-5
Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped not only human morphology but also human behavior. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints - ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that ''come naturally'' in archetypal situations in any culture. Our ''frailties'' - emotions and motives such as rage, fear, greed, gluttony, joy,lust,
love-may be a very mixed assortment quality: we are, as we say, ''in the grip'' of them. And thus they give us our sense of constraints.
Unhappily, some of those frailties our need for ever-increasing security among them are presently maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction, and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes. We would need to comprehend throughly their adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they guide us now. And we might then begin to resist their pressure.
1. The author implies that control to any extent over the ''frailties'' that constrain our behavior is though to presuppose
A. That those frailties and adaptive are recognized as currently beneficial and adaptive
B. That there is little or no overlay of cultural detail that masks their true nature.
C. That there are cultures in which those frailties do not ''come naturally'' and from which such control can be learned
D. A full understanding of why those frailties evolved and of how they function now
E. A thorough grasp of the principle that cultural detail in human behavior can differ arbitrarily from society to society.
Ans :
2. It can be inferred that in his discussion of maladaptive frailties the author assumes that
A. Evolution does not favor the emergence of adaptive characteristics over the emergence of maladaptive ones
B. Any structure or behavior not positively adaptive is regarded as transitory in evolutionary theory
C. Maladaptive characteristics, once fixed, make the emergence of other maladaptive characteristics more likely
D. The designation of a characteristic as being maladaptive must always remain highly tentative
E. Changes in the total human environment can outpace evolutionary change.
Ans :
3. The primary purpose of the passage is to present A. A position on the foundations of human behavior and on what
those foundations imply
B. A theory outlining the parallel development of human morphology and of human behavior
C. A diagnostic test for separating biologically determined behavior patters from culture - specific detail
D. An overview of those human emotions and motive's that impose constraints on human behaviour
E. A practical method for resting the pressures of biologically determined drives.
Ans :
4. Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the ''details'' versus ''constraints'' distinction made in the passage in relation to human behaviour?
A. The ability of most people to see all the colors of the visible spectrum as against most peoples inability to name any but the primary colors
B. The ability of even the least fortunate people to show compassion as against people's inability to mask their feelings completely
C. The ability of some people to dive to great depths as against most people's inability to swim long distance
D. The psychological profile of those people who are able to delay gratification as against people's inability to control their lives completely
E. The greater lung capacity of mountain peoples that helps them live in oxygen-poor air as against people's inability to fly without special apparatus.
Ans :
PASSAGE-6
Certain scraps of evidence bear out those who hold a very high opinion of the average level of culture among the Athenians of the great age. Pericles's funeral speech is undoubtedly the most famous evidence from Athenian literature, that its level was indeed high. However, Pericles was a politician, and it is possible that he was flattering his audience. We know that thousands of Athenians sat hour after hour in the theater listening to the plays of the great Greek dramatists. The Greek plays, particularly the tragedies, maintained an extremely high intellectual level throughout, with no letdowns, no concessions to the lowbrows or to the demands of ''realism'', like the gravediggers scene in Shakespeare's Hamlet. The music and dancing seen in these plays were also of an equally high level. The best modern parallel can be seen in the restrained, difficult opera of the 18th century. The comparison is no doubt dangerous, but can you imagine almost the entire population of an American city (in suitable installments, of course) sitting through performances of Mozart's Don Giovanni or Gluck's Orpheus? Perhaps the Athenian masses went to these plays because of a lack of other amusements. They could at least understand something of what went on, since the subjects were part of their folklore. Undoubtedly the theme of grand opera is not part of the folklore of the American people.
1. From the passage it is evident that the author seems to question the sincerity of
A. politicians
B. playwrights
C. opera goers
D. ''low brows''
E. gravediggers.
Ans :
2. According to the author the average American A. Enjoys Hamlet
B. Loves folklore
C. Is not able to understand grand opera
D. Seeks a high cultural level
E. Lacks entertainment.
Ans :
3. From the passage, we can say that the author's attitude toward Greek plays is one of
A. Qualified approval
B. Grudging admiration
C. Studied indifference
D. Partial hostility
E. Great respect.
Ans :
4. The author makes a suggestion that Greek plays A. Were demanding on the actors
B. Flattered their audiences
C. Were focussed on a limited audience
D. Were dominated by music and dancing
E. Stimulated their audiences.
Ans :
PASSAGE-7
The establishment of the third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States. The complete destruction of democracy, the persecution of laws, the war on religion, the cruelty and barrbarism of the Nazis and especially, the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war. While speaking out against Hitler's atrocities, the American profile generally favored isolationist policies, and neutrality. The neutrality acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the president was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion
American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelt's quarantine the aggvessor speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitler's policies. Germany's seizure of Austria and Munich pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also around the American people. The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the third Reich. In August, 1939, came the shock of the Nazi - Soviet pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war. The United States attempt to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arranged against the Third Reich. The Neutrality act of 1939 repeated the arms embargo and permitted 'cash' and 'carry' exports of arms to belligerent nations. A strong national defense program was begun. A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services. A Lend - Lease Act (1940) authorized the president to sell, exchange or lend materials to any county deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain territory in the western Hemisphere. In August 1941, President Roosevelt and prime minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war. In December 1941, Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl harbor, immediately thereafter Germany declared war on the united states.
1. USA entered the war against Germany A. because Pearl Harbor was attacked
B. after peaceful efforts had failed
C. because Germany declare war against it
D. because Japan was an ally of Germany
E. after Germany had signed the Nazi - Soviet pact
Ans :
2. The Neutrality Act of 1939 favored Great Britain because A. the British had command of the sea
B. the law permitted U.S.A. to trade only with the allies.
C. it antagonized Japan
D. it led to the Land - Lease Act
E. it agreed with the British on the principle of the Atlantic Charter
Ans :
3. An event that did not occur in 1939 was the A. invasion of Poland
B. invasion of Czechoslovakia
C. passing of the Neutrality Act
D. passing of the Land - Lease act
E. outbreak of the war in Europe
Ans :
4. One item occurring 1937 that the author does not mention in the list of actions that alienated the American Public was
A. The persecution of religious groups
B. Nazi barbarism
C. The pacts with Italy
D. German plans for conquest of the world
E. The burning of the Reich tag.
Ans :
5. The Land - Lease Act has designed to A. Strengthen USA's national defense
B. Provide battle shit to the Allies
C. Help the British
D. the Atlantic Charter
E. Avenge Pearl Harbor
Ans :
6. The Neutrality Act of 1939 A. restated America's isolationist policies
B. proclaimed American neutrality
C. permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nation
D. was cause of USA's entrances in to WORLD WAR II
E. started USA's national defense programs
Ans :
7. During the years 1933-36, American policy may be described as having been
1. watchful
2. isolationist
3. pacific
4. incorrect
5. discretionary
Ans :
PASSAGE-8
There was in increase of about 10 % in the investment in the public sector, like electricity, irrigation quarrying, public services and transport; even though the emphasis leaned towards transport and away from the other sectors mentioned. A 16-17% growth in investment, including a 30% increase in investment in business premises has been recorded in trade and services. Although there continued to be a decline in the share of agriculture in total gross investment in the economy, investment grew by 9% in absolute terms, largely spurred on by a 23% expansion of investment in agriculture equipment. Housing construction had 12% more invested in it in 1964, not so much owing to increase demand, as to fears of impending new taxes and limitation of building.
There was a rise of close to 11% in the total consumption in real terms during 1964 and per capita personal consumption by under 7%, as in 1963. The undesirable trend towards a rapid rise in consumption, evident in previous years, remains
unaltered. Since at current prices consumption rose by 16% and disposable income by 13%, there was evidently a fall in the rate of saving in the private sector of the economy. Once again a swift advance in the standard of living was indicated in consumption patterns. Though fruit consumption increased, expenditure on food, especially bread and staple items, declined significantly. There was a continuing increase in the outlay on furniture and household equipment, health, education and recreation. The greatest proof of altered living standards was the rapid expansion of expenditure on transport (including private cars) and personal services of all kinds, which occurred during 1964. The changing composition if purchased durable goods demonstrated the progressive affluence of large sectors of the public. On the one hand increased purchase of automobiles and television sets were registered, a point of saturation was rapidly being approached for items like the first household radio, gas cookers, and electric refrigerators.
1. It is possible to to conclude from this passage, that the people of the country were
A. spending more money than they earn
B. investing and consuming at an accelerated pace
C. saving more money than previously
D. spending their money wisely
E. lacking in necessities
Ans :
2. According to the author the trend towards a rapid rise in consumption is "undesirable" as:
A. there was an increase in the expenditure on frills and luxuries
B. the people were affluent
C. there was a rise in the standard of living
D. people were eating less
E. people were saving less
Ans :
3. It is possible to conclude that the United States is not the discussed country as:
A. there was a decline in the expenditures for food
B. From the statement that the saturation point was rapidly being approached for first household radios
C. there is no mention of military expenditures
D. the people were affluent
E. the people were not saving their money
Ans :
4. The area, which saw the greatest expenditure of investment funds was A. The public sector
B. Business premises
C. Housing construction
D. Agricultural equipment
E. A field which cannot be determined
Ans :
PASSAGE-9
Visual recognition involves storing and retrieving memories. Neural activity, triggered by the eye, forms an image in the brains memory system that constitutes an internal
representation of the viewed object. When an object is encountered again, it is matched with its internal representation and thereby recognized. Controversy surrounds the question of whether recognition is a parallel, one-step process or a serial, step-by-step one. Psychologists of the Gestalt school maintain that object are recognized as wholes in a parallel procedure : , the internal representation is matched with the retinal image in a single operation. Other psychologists have proposed that internal representation features are matched serially with an object's features. Although some experiments show that, as an object become familiar, its internal representation becomes more familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that the matching process in visual recognition is
A. Not a natural activity.
B. Not possible when an object is viewed for the very first time.
C. Not possible if a feature of a familiar object is changed in same way.
D. Only possible when a retinal image is received in the brain as a unitary whole.
E. Now fully understood as a combination of the serial and parallel process.
Ans :
2. In terms of its tone and form, the passage can best be characterized as A. A biased exposition
B. A speculative study
C. A dispassionate presentation
D. An indignant denial
E. A dogmatic explanation.
Ans :
3. The author is primarily concerned with A. Explaining how the brain receives images
B. Synthesizing hypotheses of visual recognition
C. Examining the evidence supporting the serial recognition hypothesis
D. Discussing visual recognition and some hypotheses proposed to explain it.
E. Reporting on recent experiments dealing with memory systems and their relationship to neural activity.
Ans :
4. According to the passage, Gestalt psychologists make which of the following suppositions about visual recognition? I A retinal image is in exactly the same form as its internal representation II An object is recognized as a whole without any need for analysis into component parts. III The matching of an object with its internal representation occurs in only one step
A. II only
B. III only
C. I and III only
D. II and III only
E. I, II and III
Ans :
PASSAGE-10
A clear answer to whether the languages of the ancient American peoples were made use of for expressing abstract universal concepts can be sought in the case of Nahuatl, which like Greek and German, is a language that allows the formation of extensive compounds. By combining radicals or semantic elements, single compound words can express complex conceptual relations, often of an abstract universal character.
The tlamatinime ("those who know") were able to use this rich stock of abstract terms to express the nuances of their thought. They also availed themselves of other forms of expression with metaphorical meaning, some probably original, some derived from Toltec coinages. Of these forms the most characteristic in Nahuatl is the juxtaposition of two words that, because they are synonyms, associated terms, or even contraries, complement each other to evoke one single idea. The juxtaposed terms, used as metaphor, suggest specific or essential traits of the being they refer to, introducing a mode of poetry as an almost habitual form of expression.
1. According to the passage, some abstract universal ideas can be expressed in Nahuatl by
A. Putting various meaningful elements together in one word
B. Taking away from a word any reference to particular instances
C. Turning each word of a phrase into a poetic metaphor
D. Giving a word a new and opposite meaning
E. Removing a word from its associations with other words.
Ans :
2. It can be inferred solely from the information in the passage that A. Metaphors are always used in Nahuatl to express abstract conceptual
relationships
B. There are many languages that, like Greek or German, allow extensive compounding
C. The abstract terms of the Nahuatl language are habitually used in poetry
D. Some record or evidence of the though of the tlamatinime exists
E. All abstract universal ideas are ideas of complex relations.
Ans :
3. A main purpose of the passage is to A. Argue against a theory of poetic expression by citing evidence about
the Nahuatl
B. Delineate the function of the tlamatinime in Nahuatl society
C. Explore the rich metaphorical heritage the Nahuatl received from the toltecs
D. Describe some conceptual and aesthetic resources of the Nahuatl language
E. Explain the abstract philosophy of the Nahuatl thinkers.
Ans :
PASSAGE-11
MARK HUGHES is a master of the fine art of survival. His Los Angeles-based Herbalife International Inc. is a pyramid outfit that peddles weight-loss and nutrition concoctions of dubious value. Bad publicity and regulatory crackdowns hurt his U.S. business in the late 1980s. But Hughes, 41, continues to enjoy a luxurious lifestyle in a $20 million Beverly Hills mansion. He has been sharing the pad and a yacht with his third wife, a former Miss Petite U.S.A. He can finance this lavish lifestyle just on his salary and bonus, which last year came to $7.3 million.
He survived his troubles in the U.S. by moving overseas, where regulators are less zealous and consumers even more naive, at least initially. Today 77% of Herbalife retail sales derive from overseas. Its new prowling grounds: Asia and Russia. Last year Herbalife's net earnings doubled, to $45 million, on net sales of $632 million. Based on Herbalife's Nasdaq-traded stock, the company has a market capitalization of $790 million, making Hughes 58% worth $454 million.
There's a worm, though, in Hughes apple. Foreigners aren't stupid. In the end they know when they've been had. In France, for instance, retail sales rose to $97 million by 1993 and then plunged to $12 million last year. In Germany sales hit $159 million in 1994 and have since dropped to $54 million.
Perhaps aware that the world may not provide an infinite supply of suckers, Hughes wanted to unload some of his shares. But in March, after Herbalife's stock collapsed, he put off a plan to dump about a third of his holdings on the public.
Contributing to Hughes' woes, Herbalife's chief counsel and legal attack dog, David Addis, quit in January. Before packing up, he reportedly bellowed at Hughes, "I can't protect you anymore." Addis, who says he wants to spend more time with his family, chuckles and claims attorney-client privilege.
Trouble on the home front, too. On a recent conference call with distributors, Hughes revealed he's divorcing his wife, Suzan, whose beaming and perky image adorns much of Herbalife's literature.
Meanwhile, in a lawsuit that's been quietly moving through Arizona's Superior Court, former Herbalife distributor Daniel Fallow of Sandpoint, Idaho charges that Herbalife
arbitrarily withholds payment to distributors and marks up its products over seven times the cost of manufacturing. Fallow also claims Hughes wanted to use the Russian mafia to gain entry to that nation's market.
Fallow himself is no angel, but his lawsuit, which was posted on the Internet, brought out other complaints. Randy Cox of Lewiston, Idaho says Herbalife "destroyed my business" after he and his wife complained to the company that they were being cheated out of their money by higher-ups in the pyramid organization.
Will Hughes survive again? Don't count on it this time.
1. Herbalife Inc is based in: A. Los Angeles
B. Columbus
C. New York
D. Austin
Ans :
2. Daniel Fallow: A. Was a former attorney for Hughes
B. Was a former distributor of Herbalife
C. Co-founded Herbalife
D. Ran Herbalife's German unit
Ans :
3. Which of the following countries is mentioned where Hughes operated Herbalife?
A. India
B. China
C. Germany
D. Ukraine
Ans :
4. The complaint of Randy Cox of Lewiston, Idaho, against Herbalife was: A. The company did not pay them their dues
B. The products supplied by Hughes were inferior
C. Their higher-ups in the pyramid cheated them
D. Hughes had connections with the Russian mafia
Ans :
5. Which of the following countries is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Russia
B. USA
C. France
D. Italy
Ans :
6. In the year in which Hughes' salary and bonuses came to US$ 7.3 million, what was the retail sales for Herbalife in France?
A. $12 million
B. $159 million
C. $54 million
D. $97 million
Ans :
7. At the time when this article was written, if Herbalife had had a market capitalisation of $ 1 billion, what would have been Hughes' share?
A. $420 million
B. $580 million
C. $125 million
D. $500 million
Ans :
PASSAGE-12
But man is not destined to vanish. He can be killed, but he cannot be destroyed, because his soul is deathless and his spirit is irrepressible. Therefore, though the situation seems dark in the context of the confrontation between the superpowers, the silver lining is provided by amazing phenomenon that the very nations which have spent incalculable resources and energy for the production of deadly weapons are desperately trying to find out how they might never be used. They threaten each other, intimidate each other and go to the brink, but before the total hour arrives they withdraw from the brink.
1. The main point from the author's view is that A. Man's soul and spirit can not be destroyed by superpowers.
B. Man's destiny is not fully clear or visible.
C. Man's soul and spirit are immortal.
D. Man's safety is assured by the delicate balance of power in terms of nuclear weapons.
E. Human society will survive despite the serious threat of total annihilation.
Ans :
2. The phrase 'Go to the brink' in the passage means A. Retreating from extreme danger.
B. Declare war on each other.
C. Advancing to the stage of war but not engaging in it.
D. Negotiate for peace.
E. Commit suicide.
Ans :
3. In the author's opinion A. Huge stockpiles of destructive weapons have so far saved mankind
from a catastrophe.
B. Superpowers have at last realized the need for abandoning the production of lethal weapons.
C. Mankind is heading towards complete destruction.
D. Nations in possession of huge stockpiles of lethal weapons are trying hard to avoid actual conflict.
E. There is a Silverlining over the production of deadly weapons.
Ans :
4. 'Irrepressible' in the second line means A. incompatible
B. strong
C. oppressive
D. unrestrainable
E. unspirited
Ans :
5. A suitable title for the above passage is
A. Destruction of mankind is in evitable.
B. Man's desire to survive inhibits use of deadly weapons.
C. Mounting cost of modern weapons.
D. Threats and intimidation between super powers.
E. Cowardly retreat by man
Ans :
PASSAGE-13
Disequilibrium at the interface of water and air is a factor on which the transfer of heat and water vapor from the ocean to the air depends. The air within about a millimeter of the water is almost saturated with water vapor and the temperature of the air is close to that of the surface water. Irrespective of how small these differences might be, they are crucial, and the disequilibrium is maintained by air near the surface mixing with air higher up, which is typically appreciably cooler and lower in water vapor content. The turbulence, which takes its energy from the wind mixes the air. As the speed of wind increases, so does the turbulence, and consequently the rate of heat and moisture transfer. We can arrive at a detailed understanding of this phenomenon after further study. The transfer of momentum from wind to water, which occurs when waves are formed is an interacting-and complicated phenomenon. When waves are made by the wind, it transfers important amounts of energy-energy, which is consequently not available for the production of turbulence.
1. This passage principally intends to: A. resolve a controversy
B. attempt a description of a phenomenon
C. sketch a theory
D. reinforce certain research findings
E. tabulate various observations
Ans :
2. The wind over the ocean usually does which of the following according to the given passage? I. Leads to cool, dry air coming in proximity with the ocean surface. II. Maintains a steady rate of heat and moisture transfer between the ocean and the air. III. Results in frequent changes in the ocean surface temperature.
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only
E. I, II, and III
Ans :
3. According to the author the present knowledge regarding heat and moisture transfer from the ocean to air as
A. revolutionary
B. inconsequential
C. outdated
D. derivative
E. incomplete
Ans :
4. According to the given passage, in case the wind was to decrease until there was no wind at all, which of the following would occur?
A. The air, which is closest to the ocean surface would get saturated with water vapor.
B. The water would be cooler than the air closest to the ocean surface.
C. There would be a decrease in the amount of moisture in the air closest to the ocean surface.
D. There would be an increase in the rate of heat and moisture transfer.
E. The temperature of the air closest to the ocean and that of the air higher up would be the same.
Ans :
PASSAGE-14
A new hearing device is now available for some hearing-impaired people. This device uses a magnet to hold the detachable sound-processing portion in place. Like other aids, it converts sound into vibrations. But it is unique in that it can transmit the vibrations directly to the magnet and then to the inner ear. This produces a clearer sound. The new device will not help all hearing-impaired people only those with a hearing loss caused by infection or some other problem in the middle ear. It will probably help no more than 20 percent of all people with hearing problems. Those people who have persistent ear infections, however, should find relief and restored hearing with the new device.
Following are some toefl sample questions on this passage:
1. What is the author's main purpose?A. To describe a new cure for ear infections
B. To inform the reader of a new device
C. To urge doctors to use a new device
D. To explain the use of a magnet
Answer:
2. The word "relief" in the last sentence means:A. Less distress
B. Assistance
C. Distraction
D. Relaxation
Answer:
PASSAGE-15
One of the most dangerous drugs for pregnant women to consume is alcohol. Because alcohol is delivered quickly into the blood and passes quickly into the tissues and membranes, the human fetus is particularly vulnerable to its effects. In fact, the negative effects on a fetus are so pronounced that babies born after exposure to alcohol are said to be suffering from fetal alcohol syndrome. As a pregnant woman drinks alcohol, the alcohol is passed into her her bloodstream almost simultaneously. Moreover, because the bloodstream of the fetus is inextricably tied to that of the mother, the alcohol passes directly into the bloodstream of the fetus as well. And, what is more, the concentration of alcohol in the fetus is exactly the same as in the mother. For the mother, this concentration is not a problem because her liver can remove one ounce of alcohol from her system per hour. However, the fetus's liver is not completely developed (how developed it is depends on its stage of development). The rate at which it is able to eliminate the alcohol from the blood of the fetus is much slower. Eventually, the alcohol will be returned to the mother's system by passing across the placenta, but this process is slow. By the time this takes place, major neurological damage may have already occurred. Research has shown that as little as one drink of alcohol can produce significant, irreversible damage to the fetus. Babies born after exposure to alcohol generally exhibit facial distortion, inability to concentrate, and difficulty in remembering. Simply speaking, it is imperative that pregnant women avoid alcohol.
Following are some sample questions on this passage:
1. What is the main topic of this reading?A. Women and drugs
B. The dangers of pregnancy
C. The fetus and alcohol
D. Drinking and the human body
Answer:
2. In line 4 the word "its" refers toA. the fetus
B. the blood
C. the tissue
D. the alcohol
Answer:
3. In line 5, the word "pronounced" most closely meansA. evident
B. spoken
C. described
D. unfortunate
Answer:
4. How much time can it be inferred that it takes alcohol to enter a woman's bloodstream after she takes a drink?
A. about one hour
B. a few seconds
C. several minutes
D. at least 24 hours
Answer:
5. In line 9 the word "inextricably" most nearly meansA. unexplainedly
B. formerly
C. forcefully
D. inseparably
Answer:
6. According to the passage, how does the concentration of alcohol in a fetus compare to that in the mother?
A. The concentration is more.
B. The concentration is less.
C. The concentration is equivalent.
D. The concentration cannot be measured.
Answer:
7. It can be inferred that the development of a fetal liver depends onA. how many months pregnant the mother is
B. how much alcohol the mother has consumed
C. how large the fetus is
D. how well the mother has taken care of the fetus
Answer:
8. According to the passage, how is alcohol finally returned to the mother's system?
A. it is carried through the bloodstream
B. it is transferred across the placenta
C. it is expelled by the fetus's liver
D. it is not completely returned
Answer:
9. Which one of the following was NOT mentioned as a sign of fetal alcohol syndrome?
A. disfigurement of the face
B. concentration difficulties
C. increased aggression
D. memory problems
Answer:
10.At what place in the passage does the author discuss the quantity of alcohol necessary to produce negative results?
A. Lines 2-3
B. Lines 11-13
C. Lines 21-22
D. Lines 24-25
Answer:
PASSAGE-16
Visual recognition involves storing and retrieving memories. Neural activity, triggered by the eye, forms an image in the brains memory system that constitutes an internal representation of the viewed object. When an object is encountered again, it is matched with its internal representation and thereby recognized. Controversy surrounds the question of whether recognition is a parallel, one-step process or a serial, step-by-step one. Psychologists of the Gestalt school maintain that object are recognized as wholes in a parallel procedure : , the internal representation is matched with the retinal image in a single operation. Other psychologists have proposed that internal representation features are matched serially with an object's features. Although some experiments show that, as an object become familiar, its internal representation becomes more familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that the matching process in visual recognition is
A. Not a natural activity.
B. Not possible when an object is viewed for the very first time.
C. Not possible if a feature of a familiar object is changed in same way.
D. Only possible when a retinal image is received in the brain as a unitary whole.
E. Now fully understood as a combination of the serial and parallel process.
Answer:
2. In terms of its tone and form, the passage can best be characterized as A. A biased exposition
B. A speculative study
C. A dispassionate presentation
D. An indignant denial
E. A dogmatic explanation.
Answer:
3. The author is primarily concerned with A. Explaining how the brain receives images
B. Synthesizing hypotheses of visual recognition
C. Examining the evidence supporting the serial recognition hypothesis
D. Discussing visual recognition and some hypotheses proposed to explain it.
E. Reporting on recent experiments dealing with memory systems and their relationship to neural activity.
Answer:
4. According to the passage, Gestalt psychologists make which of the following suppositions about visual recognition? I A retinal image is in exactly the same form as its internal representation II An object is recognized as a whole without any need for analysis into component parts. III The matching of an object with its internal representation occurs in only one step
