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REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.605 OF 2012

Yogendr Pr ! " S#ng$ % A""e&& n!

'er()(

S *#!r# P nde+ , Anr. % Re("onden!(

WITH

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1-2 OF 201

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1-25 OF 201

JUDGMENT

R.M. LODHA, CJI.

In !$e order o/ 0 .0 .2012 ! o3J)dge 4en $ o/ !$#( Co)r!

gr n!ed &e *e #n SLP Cr&.7 No.5861 o/ 2010. T$e Co)r! /or9)& !ed !$e

/o&&o #ng ! o :)e(!#on( /or on(#der !#on;

#7 C n ogn#< n e o/ n o//en e ")n#($ =&e )nder Se !#on1 > o/ !$e Nego!# =&e In(!r)9en!( A ! 1>>1 =e ! ?en on !$e= (#( o/ o9"& #n! /#&ed =e/ore !$e e@"#r+ o/ !$e "er#od o/15 d +( (!#")& !ed #n !$e no!# e re:)#red !o =e (er*ed )"on

1



!$e dr er o/ !$e $e:)e #n !er9( o/ Se !#on 1 > 7 o/ !$e A ! /ore9en!#oned And

##7 I/ n( er !o :)e(!#on No.1 #( #n !$e neg !#*e n !$eo9"& #n n! =e "er9#!!ed !o "re(en! !$e o9"& #n!

g #n no! #!$(! nd#ng !$e / ! !$ ! !$e "er#od o/ one 9on!$(!#")& !ed )nder Se !#on 1 2 =7 /or !$e /#&#ng o/ () $ o9"& #n! $ ( e@"#red

2. T$e ! o3J)dge 4en $ #n !$ ! order no!# ed Se !#on 1 > nd

Se !#on 1 2 o/ !$e Nego!# =&e In(!r)9en!( A ! 1>>1 BNI A ! 7 nd &(o

re/erred !o !$e ! o de #(#on( o/ !$#( Co)r! n 9e&+ 17 Narsingh Das

Tapadia 1 nd 27 Sarav Investment & Financial Consultancy 2. T$e 4en $

&(o no!# ed !$e )dg9en!( o/ H#g$ Co)r!( o/ C & )!! Or#(( 4o9= +

P)n = nd H r+ n And$r Pr de($ A&& $ = d )$ !# R (!$ n

De&$# M d$+ Pr de($ H#9 $ & Pr de($ M dr ( J 99) nd ($9#r

nd rn ! ? nd o=(er*ed !$ ! )d# # & o"#n#on on !$e /#r(! :)e(!#on (

("&#! 9ong !$e H#g$ Co)r!( #n !$e o)n!r+ nd (o &(o !$e ! o de #(#on( o/

!$#( Co)r! #n Narsingh Das Tapadia 1 nd Sarav Investment & Financial

Consultancy 2. E*en 9ong(! !$e ! o H#g$ Co)r!( n 9e&+ J 99) nd

($9#r nd rn ! ? !$e 4en $ no!# ed !$ ! !$e de #(#on( on !$e /#r(!

:)e(!#on ere no! )n#/or9. I! ( /e&! =+ !$e ! o3J)dge 4en $ !$ ! !$e

on/&# ! #n !$e )d# # & "rono)n e9en!( needed !o =e re(o&*ed

)!$or#! !#*e&+ nd ord#ng&+ re/erred !$e =o*e ! o :)e(!#on( /or

on(#der !#on =+ !$ree3J)dge 4en $ o/ !$#( Co)r!.

1 Narsingh Das Tapadia v. Goverdhan Das Partani and Anr.; [(2000) 7 SCC 1 !"2 Sarav #nvest$ent % &inan'ia Cons tan'* Private +i$ited and Anr. v. + *ods ,egister o- Shipping#ndian --i'e Sta-- Provident & nd and Anr.; [(2007) 1/ SCC 7 !"

2



. T$#( #( $o !$e 9 !!er $ ( =een "& ed =e/ore )(.

. I! #( no! ne e(( r+ !o n rr !e !$e / !( #n de! #&. S)//# e #! !o re/er !o

/ !) & 9 !r#@ no!ed #n !$e re/err & order $# $ #( ( /o&&o (;

T$e ""e&& n! /#&ed o9"& #n! )nder Se !#on 1 > o/ !$eNego!# =&e In(!r)9en!( A ! g #n(! re("onden! No.1 S9!.S *#!r# P nde+ #n !$e Co)r! o/ Add#!#on & C#*#& J)dge

J.D.7GM g#(!r !e Son=$ dr #n !$e S! !e o/ U!! r Pr de($.T$e re("onden! ( (e ( !$ ! /o)r $e:)e( #(()ed =+ !$e

)(ed3re("onden! #n $#( / *o)r ere d#($ono)red $en"re(en!ed /or en ($9en!. A no!# e &&#ng )"on !$ere("onden!3dr er o/ !$e $e:)e !o " + !$e 9o)n! o*ered=+ !$e $e:)e( ( #(()ed nd d)&+ (er*ed )"on !$e

re("onden! ( re:)#red )nder Se !#on 1 > 7 o/ T$eNego!# =&e In(!r)9en!( A ! 1>>1. No " +9en! ($o e*er 9 de =+ !$e )(ed !#&& 8 !$ O !o=er 200> $en

o9"& #n! )nder Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e A ! /ore9en!#oned (/#&ed =e/ore !$e M g#(!r !e. S#gn#/# n!&+ eno)g$ !$e no!# e #n:)e(!#on $ *#ng =een (er*ed on 2 rd Se"!e9=er 200> !$e

o9"& #n! "re(en!ed on 8 !$ O !o=er 200> ( /#&ed =e/oree@"#r+ o/ !$e (!#")& !ed "er#od o/ 15 d +(. T$e M g#(!r !e &&!$e ( 9e !oo? ogn#< n e o/ !$e o//en e on 1 !$ O !o=er200> nd #(()ed ()99on( !o !$e )(ed $o !$en

(( #&ed !$e ( #d order #n "e!#!#on )nder Se !#on >2 o/ !$e

Cr.P.C. =e/ore !$e H#g$ Co)r! o/ J)d# !)re ! A&& $ = d.T$e H#g$ Co)r! !oo? !$e *#e !$ ! (#n e !$e o9"& #n! $ d=een /#&ed #!$#n 15 d +( o/ !$e (er*# e o/ !$e no!# e !$e( 9e ( &e r&+ "re9 !)re nd !$e order " ((ed =+ !$eM g#(!r !e ! ?#ng ogn#< n e o/ !$e o//en e on !$e = (#( o/() $ o9"& #n! #( &eg &&+ = d. T$e H#g$ Co)r! ord#ng&+:) ($ed !$e o9"& #n! nd !$e en!#re "ro eed#ng( re& !#ng!$ere!o #n !er9( o/ #!( order #9")gned #n !$e "re(en! ""e &.

5. 4e/ore e d*er! !o !$e ! o de #(#on( o/ !$#( Co)r! #n

Narsingh Das Tapadia 1 nd Sarav Investment & Financial Consultancy 2

nd /e de #(#on( o/ !$e H#g$ Co)r!( e !$#n? #! "ro"er !o re/er !o Se !#on(

1 > nd 1 2 o/ !$e NI A !. Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI A ! ( #! (! nd( !od +

/!er 9end9en! =+ A ! 55 o/ 2002 de/#ne( !$e #ngred#en!( o/ !$e o//en e

!



nd !$e ")n#($9en! !$ ! o)&d /o&&o #n !$e e*en! o/ () $ n o//en e

$ *#ng =een o99#!!ed nd !$e "ro*#(o ""ended !$ere!o 9 ?e( er! #n

e*en!) &#!#e(G ond#!#on( "re eden! /or !$e o99#((#on o/ o//en e. I! re d(

( )nder;

1 >. D#($ono)r o/ $e:)e /or #n()//# #en + e! . o/ /)nd( #n!$e o)n! . - $ere n+ $e:)e dr n =+ "er(on on n

o)n! 9 #n! #ned =+ $#9 #!$ = n?er /or " +9en! o/ n+9o)n! o/ 9one+ !o no!$er "er(on /ro9 o)! o/ !$ ! o)n!

/or !$e d#( $ rge #n $o&e or #n " r! o/ n+ de=! or o!$er&# =#&#!+ #( re!)rned =+ !$e = n? )n" #d e#!$er =e )(e o/ !$e

9o)n! o/ 9one+ (! nd#ng !o !$e red#! o/ !$ ! o)n! #(#n()//# #en! !o $onor !$e $e:)e or !$ ! #! e@ eed( !$e

9o)n! rr nged !o =e " #d /ro9 !$ ! o)n! =+ ngree9en! 9 de #!$ !$ ! = n? () $ "er(on ($ && =e

dee9ed !o $ *e o99#!!ed n o//en e nd ($ && #!$o)!"re )d# e !o n+ o!$er "ro*#(#on( o/ !$#( A ! =e ")n#($ed

#!$ #9"r#(on9en! /or !er9 $# $ 9 + =e e@!ended !o ! o+e r( or #!$ /#ne $# $ 9 + e@!end !o ! # e !$e 9o)n! o/!$e $e:)e or #!$ =o!$;

Pro*#ded !$ ! no!$#ng on! #ned #n !$#( (e !#on ($ && ""&+)n&e((3

7 !$e $e:)e $ ( =een "re(en!ed !o !$e = n? #!$#n "er#od o/ (#@ 9on!$( /ro9 !$e d !e on $# $ #! #( dr n or#!$#n !$e "er#od o/ #!( * &#d#!+ $# $e*er #( e r&#er

=7 !$e " +ee or !$e $o&der #n d)e o)r(e o/ !$e$e:)e ( !$e (e 9 + =e 9 ?e( de9 nd /or !$e

" +9en! o/ !$e ( #d 9o)n! o/ 9one+ =+ g#*#ng no!# e #nr#!#ng !o !$e dr er o/ !$e $e:)e #!$#n !$#r!+ d +( o/ !$e

re e#"! o/ #n/or9 !#on =+ $#9 /ro9 !$e = n? reg rd#ng !$ere!)rn o/ !$e $e:)e ( )n" #d nd

7 !$e dr er o/ () $ $e:)e / #&( !o 9 ?e !$e" +9en! o/ !$e ( #d 9o)n! o/ 9one+ !o !$e " +ee or ( !$e

(e 9 + =e !o !$e $o&der #n d)e o)r(e o/ !$e $e:)e#!$#n /#/!een d +( o/ !$e re e#"! o/ !$e ( #d no!# e.

E@"& n !#on; For !$e ")r"o(e( o/ !$#( (e !#on Kde=! or o!$er&# =#&#!+K 9e n( &eg &&+ en/or e =&e de=! or o!$er &# =#&#!+.

/



6. Se !#on 1 2 de &( #!$ ogn#< n e o/ o//en e(. T$e ( #d

"ro*#(#on /!er 9end9en! =+ A ! 55 o/ 2002 #( ( )nder;

1 2. Cogn#< n e o/ o//en e(.3No! #!$(! nd#ng n+!$#ngon! #ned #n !$e Code o/ Cr#9#n & Pro ed)re 1-8 2 o/

1-8 7 37 no o)r! ($ && ! ?e ogn#< n e o/ n+

o//en e ")n#($ =&e )nder (e !#on 1 > e@ e"! )"on o9"& #n! #n r#!#ng 9 de =+ !$e " +ee or ( !$e (e 9 +

=e !$e $o&der #n d)e o)r(e o/ !$e $e:)e=7 () $ o9"& #n! #( 9 de #!$#n one

9on!$ o/ !$e d !e on $# $ !$e )(e o/ !#on r#(e( )nder& )(e 7 o/ !$e "ro*#(o !o (e !#on 1 >;

Pro*#ded !$ ! !$e ogn#< n e o/

o9"& #n! 9 + =e ! ?en =+ !$e Co)r! /!er !$e "re( r#=ed"er#od #/ !$e o9"& #n n! ( !#(/#e( !$e Co)r! !$ ! $e $ d()//# #en! )(e /or no! 9 ?#ng o9"& #n! #!$#n () $"er#od. 7 no o)r! #n/er#or !o !$ !o/ Me!ro"o&#! n M g#(!r !e or J)d# # & M g#(!r !e o/ !$e/#r(! & (( ($ && !r+ n+ o//en e ")n#($ =&e )nder (e !#on 1 > .

8. I! 9 + no! =e o)! o/ "& e !o 9en!#on $ere !$ ! en!#re C$ "!er

'II o/ !$e NI A ! ( =ro)g$! #n !$e (! !)!e =+ A ! 66 o/ 1->> .e./.

01.0 .1->-. T$#( C$ "!er o9"r#(e( o/ Se !#on( 1 > !o 1 8.

>. T$e o!$er ! o "ro*#(#on( $# $ de(er*e 9en!#on re Se !#on(

2 d7 nd 1-0 o/ !$e Code o/ Cr#9#n & Pro ed)re 1-8 BCode 7. Se !#on

2 d7 de/#ne( o9"& #n! #n !$e on!e@! o/ !$e Code ( /o&&o (;

2 d7K o9"& #n!K 9e n( n+ &&eg !#on 9 de or &&+ or #n

r#!#ng !o M g#(!r !e #!$ *#e !o $#( ! ?#ng !#on )nder!$#( Code !$ ! (o9e "er(on $e!$er ?no n or )n?no n$ ( o99#!!ed n o//en e =)! doe( no! #n &)de "o&# ere"or!.

-. C$ "!er I' o/ !$e Code =e r( !$e !#!&e Cond#!#on( Re:)#(#!e

/or In#!# !#on o/ Pro eed#ng( . T$#( $ "!er $ ( on&+ one "ro*#(#on n 9e&+



Se !#on 1-0. Se !#on 1-0 9 ?e( "ro*#(#on /or ogn#< n e o/ o//en e( =+

M g#(!r !e(. I! re d( ( )nder;

1-0. Cogn#< n e o/ o//en e( =+ M g#(!r !e(. 17 S)= e ! !o !$e

"ro*#(#on( o/ !$#( C$ "!er n+ M g#(!r !e o/ !$e /#r(! & (( nd n+M g#(!r !e o/ !$e (e ond & (( ("e # &&+ e9"o ered #n !$#( =e$ &/)nder ()=3(e !#on 27 9 + ! ?e ogn#< n e o/ n+ o//en e

7 )"on re e#*#ng o9"& #n! o/ / !( $# $ on(!#!)!e() $ o//en e

=7 )"on "o&# e re"or! o/ () $ / !(7 )"on #n/or9 !#on re e#*ed /ro9 n+ "er(on o!$er

!$ n "o&# e o//# er or )"on $#( o n?no &edge !$ ! () $ o//en e $ ( =een

o99#!!ed.27 T$e C$#e/ J)d# # & M g#(!r !e 9 + e9"o er n+

M g#(!r !e o/ !$e (e ond & (( !o ! ?e ogn#< n e )nder ()=3(e !#on 17 o/ () $ o//en e( ( re #!$#n $#( o9"e!en e !o #n:)#re#n!o or !r+.

10. 4e/ore !$e de #(#on o/ !$#( Co)r! #n Narsingh Das Tapadia 1 (#@

H#g$ Co)r!( $ d o (#on !o on(#der !$e :)e(!#on $e!$er !$e o9"& #n!

)nder Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI A ! ( 9 #n! #n =&e $en !$e (!#")& !ed

"er#od o/ 15 d +( o/ !$e re e#"! o/ !$e no!# e ( "ro*#ded #n & )(e 7 o/

!$e "ro*#(o ""ended !o Se !#on 1 > $ d no! e@"#red. T$e /#r(! o/ () $

de #(#on( de #ded ( e r&+ ( on 2-.08.1--2 #( o/ !$e 4o9= + H#g$ Co)r!

#n Rakesh Nemkumar Porwal . T$e D#*#(#on 4en $ o/ !$e 4o9= + H#g$

Co)r! $e&d !$ ! ( !$e o9"& #n! ( "re(en!ed #!$#n !$e "er#od o/ 15

d +( o/ !$e (er*# e o/ no!# e e//e !ed on !$e )(ed !$e o9"& #n! (

no! 9 #n! #n =&e /or o99#((#on o/ o//en e )nder Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI A !

( no o//en e n =e ( #d !o $ *e =een o99#!!ed on !$e d !e o/ &odg9en!

! ,a esh Ne$ $ar Por a v. Nara*an Dhond 3og e ar and Anr.; [144! Cri.+.3. 5 0"

5



o/ !$e o9"& #n!. Re d#ng Se !#on 1 > 7 nd Se !#on 1 2 =7 !oge!$er

!$e D#*#(#on 4en $ o/ !$e 4o9= + H#g$ Co)r! $e&d !$ ! no o//en e n =e

( #d !o $ *e =een o99#!!ed )n!#& nd )n&e(( !$e "er#od o/ 15 d +( (

"re( r#=ed )nder & )(e 1 > 7 $ ( #n / ! e& "(ed.

11. T$e =o*e *#e ! ?en =+ !$e D#*#(#on 4en $ o/ !$e 4o9= +

H#g$ Co)r! #( e $oed =+ !$e H#g$ Co)r!( o/ P)n = nd H r+ n shok

!erma 7 And$r Pr de($ N" !enkata Sivaram Prasad# 5 rn ! ?

shok $egde 76

Or#(( Sri Niran%an Sahoo 78

nd J 99) nd ($9#r

's $arpreet $osiery Rehari 7>.

12. In !$e (e o/ shok !erma !$e rg)9en! o/ !$e "e!#!#oner

)(ed =e/ore !$e P)n = nd H r+ n H#g$ Co)r! ( !$ ! Se !#on 1 >

o/ !$e NI A ! en*#( ged &e r 15 d +( no!# e !o !$e dr er o/ !$e $e:)e

nd !$e !#9e ( !o =e o9")!ed /ro9 !$e d !e o/ !$e re e#"! o/ !$e no!# e

=)! !$e #9")gned o9"& #n! $ d =een /#&ed =e/ore !$e e@"#r+ o/ 15 d +(

nd !$e o9"& #n! ( &# =&e !o =e :) ($ed on !$#( gro)nd. De &#ng #!$

!$e rg)9en! !$e P)n = nd H r+ n H#g$ Co)r! re/erred !o !$e de #(#on

o/ !$e 4o9= + H#g$ Co)r! #n Rakesh Nemkumar Porwal ( nd on go#ng

!$ro)g$ !$e "ro*#(#on( o/ Se !#on 1 > $e&d ( )nder;

/ Asho 6er$a v. ,itesh Agro Pvt. +td. and Anr.; [(144 ) 1 an C+, 10!" N. 6en ata Sivara$ Prasad v. 89s ,a:es ari Constr 'tions; [1445 Cri. +.3. !/04"

5 Asho egde v. 3athin v. Atta an; [1447 Cri . +.3. !541"7 Sri Niran:an Sahoo v. 89s <t a Sanitar*= S,; [144 (!) Cri$es 1 " 89s arpreet osier* ,ehari v. Nit 8aha:an; [2000 Cri.+.3. !52 "

7



A "er)( & o/ !$e =o*e (e !#on ($o ( !$ ! $#&e !$e (e !#onde/#ne( !$e ne e(( r+ #ngred#en!( o/ !$e o//en e nd")n#($9en! !$ ! n =e rded /or !$e o99#((#on o/ !$eo//en e !$e "ro*#(o !o !$e (e !#on & +( do n !$e ond#!#on("re eden! /or !$e o99#((#on o/ !$e o//en e. A ord#ng !o

!$#( "ro*#(o !$e ne e(( r+ #ngred#en!( o/ !$e o//en e re !$ !!$e $e:)e ( "re(en!ed !o !$e = n? #!$#n "er#od o/ (#@9on!$( /ro9 !$e d !e on $# $ #! ( dr n or !$e "er#od o/#!( * &#d#!+ !$ ! !$e $e:)e #( re!)rned )n" #d =e )(e o/#n()//# #en + o/ /)nd( or !$ ! !$e 9o)n! o/ !$e $e:)ee@ eeded !$e 9o)n! rr nged !o =e " #d /ro9 !$e = n? nd!$e " +ee g *e no!# e !o !$e dr er & #9#ng !$e 9o)n!

#!$#n 15 d +( o/ !$e re e#"! o/ !$e #n/or9 !#on /ro9 !$e = n?reg rd#ng !$e re!)rn o/ !$e $e:)e nd !$e dr er / #&ed !o9 ?e " +9en! #!$#n 15 d +( o/ !$e re e#"! o/ !$e no!# e.Under S)=3 & )(e 7 o/ !$e "ro*#(o 15 d +( !#9e #(

gr n!ed !o !$e dr er o/ !$e $e:)e !o 9 ?e " +9en! nd)n&e(( !$#( "er#od e& "(ed nd no " +9en! ( 9 de !$edr er ( no! &# =&e /or n+ o//en e )nder Se !#on 1 > o/!$e A !.

1 . T$e D#*#(#on 4en $ o/ !$e And$r Pr de($ H#g$ Co)r! #n N"

!enkata Sivaram Prasad ) ( on/ron!ed #!$ !$e :)e(!#on ( !o $e!$er

!$e M g#(!r !e n ! ?e ogn#< n e o/ !$e o9"& #n! g#*en #n !$e (e

)nder on(#der !#on nd "ro eed #!$ !$e !r# & o/ !$e o9"& #n! /!er !$e

e@"#r+ o/ 15 d +( ( "re( r#=ed )nder Se !#on 1 > 7 o/ !$e NI A !. T$e

:)e(!#on !$ ! /e&& /or on(#der !#on =e/ore !$e And$r Pr de($ H#g$ Co)r!

#n*o&*ed !$e ("e ! $e!$er !$e o//en e )nder Se !#on 1 > n =e ( #d !o

=e o9"&e!e on&+ #/ !$e dr er / #&( !o " + !$e 9o)n! #!$#n 15 d +( o/ !$e

re e#"! o/ !$e no!# e ( on!e9"& !ed #n "ro*#(o 7 !o Se !#on 1 >. T$e

D#*#(#on 4en $ !oo? #n!o on(#der !#on !$e "ro*#(#on( on! #ned #n Se !#on

1 > nd Se !#on 1 2 o/ !$e NI A ! nd (o &(o Se !#on 2 d7 Se !#on 2 n7

nd Se !#on 1-0 o/ !$e Code nd $e&d !$ ! )n!#& nd )n&e(( !$e r#!er# & #d

http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','25842','1');




do n #n Se !#on 1 > re o9"&#ed #!$ #! o)&d no! on(!#!)!e n o//en e.

T$e D#*#(#on 4en $ o/ !$e And$r Pr de($ H#g$ Co)r! $e&d;

Pro*#(o 7 &e r&+ (!#")& !e( !$ ! !$e Se !#on doe( no! ""&+)n&e(( !$e dr er o/ !$e $e:)e( / #&( !o 9 ?e !$e " +9en!!o !$e " +ee #!$#n 15 d +( o/ !$e re e#"! o/ !$e ( #d no!# e.T$)( !$e " +ee $ ( =een g#*en &#=er!+ !o 9 ?e !$e " +9en!

#!$#n 15 d +( o/ !$e re e#"! o/ !$e no!# e e*en !$o)g$ !$e$e:)e ( re!)rned =+ !$e 4 n? )n" #d. Hen e !$e

re d#ng o/ Pro*#(o 7 !o Se !#on 1 > &e r&+ deno!e( !$ ! #!o)&d no! =e n o//en e #/ !$e dr er " +( !$e 9o)n! #!$#n "er#od o/ 15 d +( ( ("e #/#ed !$ere#n. In () $#r )9(! n e( !$ere o)&d no! $ *e =een n+ o9"& #n!&&eg#ng !$e *#o& !#on o/ Se !#on1 >. T$e "re3o//en e "er#od

gr n!ed !o !$e " +ee ($o)&d =e on(!r)ed (!r# !&+ o!$er #(e!$e *er+ ")r"o(e o/ Se !#on 1 > 7 o/ !$e Nego!# =&eIn(!r)9en!( A ! o)&d =e /r)(!r !ed. T$e o9"& #n n! ($o)&d=e =&e !o "o#n! o)! !o !$e o//en e )nder Se !#on 1 > $en!$e o9"& #n! ( /#&ed. $en !$e o9"& #n! #( /#&ed e*en=e/ore !$e o//en e #( o9"&e!ed #! nno! =e ( #d !$ ! !$eo//en e #( 9 de o)! nd !$ere/ore () $ o9"& #n! #( #n* &#d#n !$e e+e o/ & . A( &re d+ no!# ed )nder Se !#on 1 2 o/!$e A ! no Co)r! ($ && ! ?e ogn#< n e o/ n+ o//en e")n#($ =&e )nder Se !#on 1 > e@ e"! )"on o9"& #n! #n

r#!#ng 9 de =+ !$e " +ee. T$ere/ore !$e ne e(( r+

#ngred#en! en =&#ng !$e M g#(!r !e !o ! ?e ogn#< n e o/ !$eo//en e #( !$ ! !$ere ($o)&d =e o9"& #n! #n r#!#ng =+ !$e" +ee nd !$e ( #d o9"& #n! ($o)&d d#( &o(e n o//en e)nder Se !#on 1 >. In !$e o9"& #n! 9 de =+ !$e re("onden!=e/ore !$e M g#(!r !e no o//en e o)&d $ *e =een d#( &o(ed

( !$e !#9e "re( r#=ed )nder Se !#on 1 > Pro*#(o 7 (no! e@$ )(!ed =+ !$e !#9e !$e o9"& #n! ( "re(en!ed !o!$e M g#(!r !e. E*en =+ !$e d !e o/ (er*# e o/ ()99on(!$ere ( no /)r!$er o9"& #n! #n r#!#ng !o !$e e//e ! !$ !e*en /!er !$e e@"#r+ o/ 15 d +( "er#od ( 9en!#oned #n"ro*#(o 7 !$e dr er / #&ed !o " + !$e 9o)n!.

1 . T$e And$r Pr de($ H#g$ Co)r! #n N" !enkata Sivaram

Prasad ) &(o on(#dered !$e :)e(!#on #n &#g$! o/ Se !#on 1-0 o/ !$e Code

nd $e&d ( )nder;

4



















T$e 9 !!er 9 + &(o =e *#e ed /ro9 !$e "ro*#(#on( o/Se !#on 1-0 Cr.P.C. $ere !$e M g#(!r !e #( e9"o ered !o! ?e ogn#< n e o/ n+ o//en e )"on re e#*#ng o9"& #n!o/ / !( $# $ on(!#!)!e () $ n o//en e. e $ *e &re d+re/erred !o !$e de/#n#!#on o/ !$e o9"& #n! #n Cr.P.C.

T$ere/ore /or ! ?#ng ogn#< n e o/ !$e o//en e !$ere ($o)&d$ *e =een o9"& #n! on! #n#ng !$e / !( $# $ on(!#!)!en o//en e. Un&e(( !$e o//en e #( e@ / #e d#( &o(ed #n !$eo9"& #n! !$e M g#(!r !e nno! $ *e n+ o9"e!en e !o

! ?e ogn#< n e o/ !$e o//en e nd "ro eed /)r!$er. In !$e"re(en! (e on !$e / !( (! !ed #n !$e o9"& #n! !$ere

o)&d no! =e n+ o//en e. A( !$e o9"& #n! on !$e = (#( o/$# $ !$e M g#(!r !e "ro eeded !o ! ?e ogn#< n e #( no! o9"& #n! ! && #n !$e e+e o/ & !$e :)e(!#on o/ "ro eed#ng#!$ !$e (e on !$e = (#( o/ () $ o9"& #n! doe( no! r#(e.

In !$e #n(! n! (e !$e M g#(!r !e $ d no 9e n( o/ ?no #ng

$e!$er !$e o//en e ( o9"&e!ed ()=(e:)en! !o !$e d !eo/ !$e o9"& #n! =e )(e ( &re d+ (! !ed !$ere ( no/)r!$er r#!!en o9"& #n! ( re:)#red =+ Se !#on 1 2 7. T$e()=(e:)en! e*en!( on o9"&e!#on o/ !$e o//en e n on&+

o9e !o !$e ?no &edge o/ !$e Co)r! =+ + o/ o9"& #n! #nr#!#ng. A" r! /ro9 !$e or#g#n & o9"& #n! $# $ doe( no!

d#( &o(e n+ o//en e !$ere #( no /)r!$er o9"& #n!. A( r#g$!&+"o#n!ed o)! =+ !$e &e rned Add#!#on & P)=&# Pro(e )!or

$en !$e ("e # & & ("e #/#e( no! on&+ !$e #ngred#en!( o/ !$eo//en e =)! &(o !$e "ro ed)re !$e re:)#re9en!( $ *e !o =e(!r# !&+ o9"&#ed #!$. Hen e e re o/ !$e o"#n#on !$ ! !$e

Co)r! nno! "ro eed

#!$ !$e (e e*en /!er !$e & "(e o/!#9e ( "re( r#=ed =+ Se !#on 1 > 7 o/ Nego!# !eIn(!r)9en!( A ! .

I! ( !$)( $e&d =+ !$e And$r Pr de($ H#g$ Co)r! !$ ! !$e M g#(!r !e

($o)&d no! $ *e !ed )"on "re9 !)re o9"& #n! $# $ ( no!

o9"& #n! ! && #n !$e e+e o/ & .

15. In shok $egde * !$e (#ng&e J)dge o/ !$e rn ! ? H#g$

Co)r! $#&e de &#ng #!$ !$e on!en!#on r #(ed =+ !$e "e!#!#oner !$ere#n !$ !

!$e o9"& #n n! $ ( no! g#*en 15 d +( !#9e !o !$e "e!#!#oner (

on!e9"& !ed )nder Se !#on 1 > =7 o/ !$e NI A ! nd !$e o9"& #n! (

1









"re9 !)re nd ($o)&d no! $ *e =een en!er! #ned !$e (#ng&e J)dge $e&d

B%.. /ro9 !$e =o*e #! #( &e r !$ ! $e re e#*ed !$e no!# e = ? on

21.0-.1->-. E*en e"!#ng !$ ! !$e "e!#!#oner re/)(ed !$e no!# e on

20.0-.1->- !$e re("onden! o)g$! !o $ *e /#&ed !$#( o9"& #n! /!er !$e

e@"#r+ o/ 15 d +( /ro9 !$e d !e o/ re e#"! o/ !$e no!# e. T$e d !e o/

#(() n e o/ no!# e nno! =e ! ?en #n!o o)n!%%.. T$ere/ore !$e

)(e o/ !#on $ d no! r#(en !o /#&e !$e o9"& #n! g #n(! !$e "e!#!#oner

nd !$e o9"& #n! ( "re9 !)re%%.

16. T$e Or#(( H#g$ Co)r! #n Sri Niran%an Sahoo + &(o !oo? !$e

*#e !$ ! #/ !$e o9"& #n! (e #( /#&ed =e/ore e@"#r+ o/ 15 d +( ( "ro*#ded

#n & )(e 7 !o !$e "ro*#(o o/ Se !#on 1 > !$en ogn#< n e o/ !$e o//en e

nno! =e ! ?en #n *#e o/ !$e "ro*#(#on #n & )(e =7 o/ Se !#on 1 2 nd

on(e:)en!# &&+ !$e o9"& #n! ( &# =&e !o =e :) ($ed.

18. T$e *#e o/ J 99) nd ($9#r H#g$ Co)r! #n 's" $arpreet

$osiery Rehari , #( !o !$e e//e ! !$ ! )nder !$e & dr er $ ( go! 15 d +(

!o 9 ?e !$e " +9en! /ro9 !$e re e#"! o/ no!# e o/ d#($ono)r o/ !$e $e:)e.

I! #( on&+ !$ere /!er !$ ! n !#on )nder Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI A ! n =e

#n#!# !ed g #n(! !$e de/ )&!#ng " r!+.

1>. I! ( /!er !$e =o*e de #(#on( o/ !$e * r#o)( H#g$ Co)r!(

!$ ! !$e de #(#on o/ !$#( Co)r! #n Narsingh Das Tapadia 1 9e. In Narsingh

1



Das Tapadia 1 $# $ ( de #ded on 06.0-.2000 !$e ! o3J)dge 4en $ o/

!$#( Co)r! no!ed !$e / !( ( /o&&o (;

%% !$ ! !$e re("onden! =orro ed ()9 o/ R(.2 0 000/ro9 !$e ""e&& n! nd #(()ed "o(!3d !ed $e:)e #n $#(/ *o)r. $en !$e $e:)e ( "re(en!ed /or de9 nd on

31031-- !$e ( 9e ( d#($ono)red =+ !$e = n? on 631031-- d)e !o B#n()//# #en! /)nd( . T$e ""e&& n! de9 nded !$e

)(ed !o re" + !$e 9o)n! *#de $#( !e&egr 9( (en! on831031-- nd 1831031-- . A no!# e ( &(o #(()ed !o !$ere("onden! on 1-31031-- de9 nd#ng !o re" + !$e 9o)n!.De("#!e re e#"! o/ !$e no!# e on 2631031-- !$e re("onden!ne#!$er " #d !$e 9o)n! nor g *e n+ re"&+. To "ro*e $#(

(e !$e ""e&& n!3 o9"& #n n! e@ 9#ned !$ree #!ne((e(

nd "ro*ed do )9en!( E@$#=#!( P31 !o P36. In $#( (! !e9en!)nder Se !#on 1 CrPC !$e re("onden! den#ed !$e&&eg !#on( =)! re/)(ed !o &e d n+ de/en e e*#den e. Onn &+(#( o/ !$e e*#den e nd /!er $e r#ng !$e o)n(e& /or

!$e " r!#e( !$e !r# & o)r! on &)ded ( )nder;

BT$e o9"& #n n! e(! =&#($ed !$ ! !$e )(ed=orro ed R(.2 0 000 /ro9 $#9 nd !$e )(ed#(()ed E@!. P3 $e:)e nd !$e $e:)e ( re!)rnedd)e !o #n()//# #en + o/ /)nd( nd !$e )(ed d#d no!re" + !$e 9o)n! #n ("#!e o/ re e#"! o/ no!# e /ro9 !$e

o9"& #n n! nd $en e !$e )(ed #( &# =&e /or")n#($9en! )nder Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI A !.

A( no!# ed e r&#er !$e ""e & /#&ed =+ !$e re("onden! (d#(9#((ed on 1-3 31--8. T$e H#g$ Co)r! /o)nd !$ ! ( !$eno!# e #n!#9 !#ng !$e d#($ono)r9en! o/ $e:)e ( (er*ed)"on !$e )(ed on 2631031-- !$e ""e&& n!3 o9"& #n n!

o)&d no! /#&e !$e o9"& #n! )n&e(( !$e e@"#r+ o/ 15 d +("er#od. I! ( /o)nd on / !( !$ ! !$e o9"& #n! /#&ed on >31131-- ( re!)rned /!er /#nd#ng (o9e de/e ! #n #!. Ho e*er

$en re/#&ed !$e Co)r! !oo? !$e ogn#< n e on 1831131-- .T$e H#g$ Co)r! $e&d !$ ! !$e or#g#n & o9"& #n! $ *#ng =een/#&ed on >31131-- ( "re9 !)re nd &# =&e !o =ed#(9#((ed.

1-. T$#( Co)r! #n Narsingh Das Tapadia 1 on(#dered !$e

"ro*#(#on( on! #ned #n & )(e 7 o/ !$e "ro*#(o !o Se !#on 1 > nd

1



Se !#on 1 2 o/ !$e NI A ! nd &(o on(#dered !$e e@"re((#on B! ?#ng

ogn#< n e o/ n o//en e nd $e&d !$ ! 9ere "re(en! !#on o/ !$e o9"& #n!

on 0>.11.1-- $en #! ( re!)rned !o !$e o9"& #n n! on !$e gro)nd

!$ ! !$e *er#/# !#on ( no! (#gned =+ !$e o)n(e& o)&d no! =e !er9ed !o

=e n !#on o/ !$e M g#(!r !e ! ?#ng ogn#< n e #!$#n !$e 9e n#ng o/

Se !#on 1 2 o/ !$e NI A !. T$e ! o3J)dge 4en $ d#d no! ""ro*e !$e *#e

o/ !$e H#g$ Co)r! nd $e&d !$ ! !$e H#g$ Co)r! erroneo)(&+ $e&d !$e

o9"& #n! ( "re9 !)re. Con(e:)en!&+ !$e )dg9en! o/ !$e H#g$ Co)r!

( (e! (#de nd !$e on*# !#on o/ !$e re("onden! )nder Se !#on 1 > o/

!$e NI A ! ( )"$e&d.

20. A/!er !$e de #(#on o/ !$#( Co)r! #n Narsingh Das Tapadia - !$e

rn ! ? H#g$ Co)r! #n run $egde . d#d no! e"! !$e on!en!#on o/ !$e

)(ed !$ ! !$e o9"& #n! /#&ed )nder Se !#on 1 > on 15!$

d + o/ (er*# e o/no!# e o/ de9 nd ( "re9 !)re nd ( () $ no! 9 #n! #n =&e. Re&+#ng

)"on Narsingh Das Tapadia - !$e (#ng&e J)dge o/ !$e rn ! ? H#g$

Co)r! #n run $egde . $e&d !$ ! #/ !$e o9"& #n! ( /o)nd !o =e "re9 !)re

#! n #! 9 !)r#!+ or =e re!)rned !o !$e o9"& #n n! /or /#&#ng & !er nd #!(

9ere "re(en! !#on ! n e r&#er d !e need no! ne e(( r#&+ render !$e

o9"& #n! &# =&e !o =e d#(9#((ed or on/er n+ r#g$! )"on !$e )(ed !o

=(o&*e $#9(e&/ /ro9 !$e r#9#n & &# =#&#!+ /or !$e o//en e o99#!!ed.

4 Ar n egde and Anr. v. 8.3. Shett*; [#+, 2001 >ar. !24 "

1



21. In $em /ata 0upta -1 !$e A&& $ = d H#g$ Co)r! $#&e de &#ng

#!$ !$e o9"& #n! /#&ed =e/ore e@"#r+ o/ 15 d +( /!er re&+#ng )"on !$e

de #(#on o/ !$#( Co)r! #n Narsingh Das Tapadia - $e&d !$ ! !$e = r o/ e@"#r+

o/ 15 d +( /ro9 !$e d !e o/ (er*# e o/ no!# e #( /or ! ?#ng ogn#< n e nd

no! /or /#&#ng o9"& #n!.

22. In ahendra garwal -- !$e R (!$ n H#g$ Co)r! do"!ed !$e

re (on#ng !$ ! ( 9 de =+ !$#( Co)r! #n Narsingh Das Tapadia - nd $e&d

!$ ! 9ere "re(en! !#on o/ !$e o9"& #n! #n !$e o)r! nno! =e $e&d !o

9e n !$ ! #!( ogn#< n e $ d =een ! ?en =+ !$e M g#(!r !e. I/ !$e

o9"& #n! #( /o)nd !o =e "re9 !)re #! n #! 9 !)r#!+ or =e re!)rned !o

!$e o9"& #n n! /or /#&#ng & !er nd #!( 9ere "re(en! !#on ! n e r&#er d !e

need no! ne e(( r#&+ render !$e o9"& #n! &# =&e !o =e d#(9#((ed or on/er

n+ r#g$! )"on !$e )(ed !o =(o&*e $#9(e&/ /ro9 !$e r#9#n & &# =#&#!+ /or!$e o//en e o99#!!ed.

2 . In 2apulal 2" 3acchi -4 !$e M d$+ Pr de($ H#g$ Co)r!

on(#dered !$e 9 !!er g #n(! !$e order " ((ed =+ !$e Se((#on( J)dge

(e!!#ng (#de !$e order " ((ed =+ !$e C$#e/ J)d# # & M g#(!r !e S$ ")r

$ere=+ $e re/)(ed !o reg#(!er !$e o9"& #n! )nder Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI

A ! g #n(! !$e )(ed ( #! ( /o)nd !o =e "re9 !)re (#n e 15 d +(

/ro9 !$e d !e o/ re e#"! o/ !$e no!# e =+ !$e )(ed $ d no! e& "(ed. T$e

10 S$t. e$ +ata G pta v. State o- <.P. and Anr.; [2002 Cri. +.3. 1 22"11 8ahendra Agar a v. Gopi ,a$ 8aha:an; [,+? 200! (1) ,a:. 57!"12 ap a . >a''hi v. >r pa'hand 3ain; [200/ Cri. +.3. 11/0"

1



Se((#on( J)dge (e! (#de !$e order o/ !$e C$#e/ J)d# # & M g#(!r !e de &#ng

#!$ r#9#n & re*#(#on /#&ed =+ !$e )(ed. M d$+ Pr de($ H#g$ Co)r!

/o&&o ed !$e de #(#on o/ !$#( Co)r! #n Narsingh Das Tapadia - nd $e&d !$ !

!$e order o/ !$e C$#e/ J)d# # & M g#(!r !e #n d#(9#((#ng !$e o9"& #n! (

rong nd !$ ! order ( r#g$!&+ (e! (#de =+ !$e re*#(#on & o)r!.

2 . T$e )$ !# H#g$ Co)r! #n 5unus 3han -( re&+#ng )"on

Narsingh Das Tapadia - !oo? !$e *#e !$ ! 9ere "re(en! !#on o/ o9"& #n!

#n !$e Co)r! o/ J)d# # & M g#(!r !e doe( no! 9e n !$ ! M g#(!r !e $ (

! ?en ogn#< n e o/ !$e ( 9e. T$o)g$ !$e o9"& #n! ( /#&ed )nder

Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI A ! #n !$e Co)r! o/ J)d# # & M g#(!r !e $en on&+ 1

d +( $ d e& "(ed /ro9 !$e d !e o/ re e#"! o/ !$e no!# e nd !$e re:)#(#!e

"er#od o/ 15 d +( ( no! +e! o9"&e!ed =)! $en !$e M g#(!r !e !oo?

ogn#< n e 15 d +( $ d e& "(ed /ro9 !$e d !e o/ !$e re e#"! o/ !$e no!# end !$)( !$e o9"& #n! &re d+ (!ood * &#d&+ #n(!#!)!ed nd !$e "ro(e )!#on

& )n $ed g #n(! !$e )(ed on !$e = (#( o/ () $ o9"& #n! o)&d no!

=e $e&d = d #n & .

25. A (#ng&e J)dge o/ De&$# H#g$ Co)r! #n 6enith Fashion akers -7

( on erned #!$ !$e (e r#(#ng /ro9 !$e /o&&o #ng / !(;

T$e o9"& #n! )nder Se !#on 1 > o/ Nego!# =&e In(!r)9en! A ! ( /#&ed =+ !$e re("onden! /or d#($ono)r o/ ! o

$e:)e( No. 615 >5 d !ed 20.8.200 o/ R(. > 00 000G3 nd

1! @ n s >han v. 8a har >han; [200/ (1) G+T 5 2"1/ Benith &ashion 8a ers (P) +td. v. < ti$ate &ashion 8a ers +td. and Anr.; [121 (200 ) D+T 247"

1





No.615 >8 d !ed 20.-.200 o/ R(. 00 000G3. 4o!$ !$e$e:)e( ere d#($ono)red on o)n! o/ #n()//# #en + o/

/)nd(. T$e re!)rn 9e9o o/ !$e = n? #( d !ed 20.-.200 . T$e&eg & no!# e )nder Se !#on 1 > o/ Nego!# =&e In(!r)9en!( A !

( #(()ed on 15.10.200 !$ro)g$ Regd. Po(! ( e&& (

!$ro)g$ ("eed "o(!. T$e "o(! & ?no &edg9en! rd ($o ((er*# e on 1>.10.200 . T$e o9"& #n n! "&e ded !$ ! !$eno!# e( ere d)&+ re e#*ed =)! no " +9en! #n re("e ! o/ !$ed#($ono)red $e:)e( ( 9 de #!$#n 15 d +( o/ !$e no!# e

( ( re:)#red =+ !$e & ( e&& ( =+ !$e no!# e. T$eo9"& #n! #( "re(en!ed on 1.10.200 . T$e M g#(!r !e !oo?ogn#< n e on 1.10.200 #!(e&/ nd d#re !ed #(()e o/

"ro e(( on !$e ( 9e d +. $ ! #( on!ended #n !$#( "e!#!#on)nder Se !#on >2 Cr.P.C. #( !$ ! !$e no!# e o/ de9 nd =e#ngo/ 15.10.200 d#(" ! $ed on 18.10.200 nd re e#*ed on1>.10.200 !$e o9"& #n! ( /#&ed #!$#n 15 d +( /!er

(er*# e o/ no!# e nd $en e ( "re39 !)re ( !$e )(e o/!#on o)&d r)e on&+ /!er 15 d +( o/ !$e no!# e #.e. on.11.200 .

De("#!e !$e / ! !$ ! !$e o9"& #n! ( "re(en!ed =e/ore !$e e@"#r+ o/ 15

d +( o/ (er*# e o/ no!# e nd !$e M g#(!r !e !oo? ogn#< n e &(o =e/ore

!$e e@"#r+ o/ 15 d +( !$e H#g$ Co)r! (!r nge&+ $e&d !$ ! "re9 !)re

o9"& #n! )nder Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI A ! nno! =e :) ($ed on !$e

gro)nd o/ "re39 !)r#!+ (#n e !$ere ( no "&e on !$e (#de o/ !$e )(ed

!$ ! $e o)&d $ *e " #d !$e $e:)e 9o)n! $ d !$e o9"& #n n! g#*en #!

!$e re:)#red !#9e. T$e De&$# H#g$ Co)r! $#&e do#ng (o re&#ed )"on !$e

de #(#on o/ !$#( Co)r! #n Narsingh Das Tapadia - nd &(o #n*o?ed !$e

9 @#9 ctus curiae neminem grava8it n ! o/ !$e Co)r! ($ && "re )d# e

no 9 n.

1







26. T$e A&& $ = d H#g$ Co)r! #n 0anga Ram Singh -) !oo? !$e

*#e !$ ! #/ !$e o9"& #n! ( /#&ed )nder Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI A ! =e/ore

e@"#r+ o/ 15 d +( o/ (! !)!or+ no!# e !$e on erned o)r! ($o)&d $ *e

#!ed nd &&o ed !$e o9"& #n n! !o e(! =&#($ #!( (e or ogn#< n e

($o)&d $ *e =een ! ?en /!er !$e e@"#r+ o/ !$e (!#")& !ed "er#od #n(!e d o/

d#(9#((#ng !$e o9"& #n! o)!r#g$! ( "re9 !)re.

28. A (#ng&e J)dge o/ !$e M dr ( H#g$ Co)r! /o&&o #ng Narsingh

Das Tapadia-

$e&d !$ ! !$o)g$ !$e o9"& #n! ( "re/erred !$ree d +(

($or! o/ !$e !#9e !o =e * #&ed =+ !$e )(ed !o (e!!&e !$e d)e( =)! (#n e

!$e M g#(!r !e $ d ! ?en ogn#< n e o/ !$e o9"& #n! "re(en!ed =+ !$e

o9"& #n n! /!er !$e 15 d +( !#9e gr n!ed )nder !$e (! !)!or+ no!# e !o

(e!!&e !$e 9o)n! d)e !o o9"& #n n! !$e o9"& #n! nno! =e :) ($ed on

!$e gro)nd !$ ! #! ( /#&ed "re9 !)re&+.

2>. In S" 9anak Singh -* : !$e J 99) nd ($9#r H#g$ Co)r! !oo?

!$e *#e #!$ reg rd !o "re(en! !#on o/ o9"& #n! =e/ore !$e r) & o/

)(e o/ !#on !$ ! !$o)g$ !$e o9"& #n! )nder Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI A !

$ *#ng =een /#&ed =e/ore !$e r) & o/ )(e o/ !#on !$e ( 9e o)&d no!

=e &eg &&+ en!er! #ned =+ !$e !r# & o)r!. Re&+#ng )"onNarsingh Das

Tapadia - #! ( $e&d !$ ! #/ !$e o9"& #n! ( /o)nd !o =e "re9 !)re #!

n #! 9 !)r#!+ or =e re!)rned !o !$e o9"& #n n! /or /#&#ng & !er nd #!(

1 Ganga ,a$ Singh v. State o- <.P. and rs.; [200 Cri. +.3. !5 1"15 S. 3ana Singh v. Pritpa Singh; [2007 (2) 3>3 41"

1



9ere "re(en! !#on ! n e r&#er d !e need no! ne e(( r#&+ render !$e

o9"& #n! &# =&e !o =e d#(9#((ed or on/er n+ r#g$! )"on )(ed !o

=(o&*e $#9(e&/ /ro9 !$e r#9#n & &# =#&#!+ /or !$e o//en e o99#!!ed. T$e

*#e o/ !$e (#ng&e J)dge o/ !$e J 99) nd ($9#r H#g$ Co)r! #( /o)nded

on !$e de #(#on o/ !$#( Co)r! #n Narsingh Das Tapadia - "

2-. For =o)! 8 +e r( (#n e !$e de #(#on ( g#*en =+ !$#( Co)r!

#n Narsingh Das Tapadia - : the * r#o)( H#g$ Co)r!( ( #nd# !ed =o*e

on!#n)ed !o ! ?e !$e *#e !$ ! "re(en! !#on o/ o9"& #n! )nder Se !#on

1 > o/ !$e NI A ! =e/ore !$e r) & o/ !$e )(e o/ !#on doe( no! render

#! no! 9 #n! #n =&e #/ ogn#< n e $ d =een ! ?en =+ !$e M g#(!r !e /!er

e@"#r+ o/ 15 d +( o/ !$e "er#od o/ no!# e. In () $ 9 !!er( no #&&eg &#!+ or

#9"ro"r#e!+ /o)nd !o $ *e =een o99#!!ed =+ !$e M g#(!r !e #n ! ?#ng

ogn#< n e )"on () $ o9"& #n!. T$#( &eg & "o(#!#on $o e*er ( no!e"!ed =+ ! o3J)dge 4en $ de #(#on o/ !$#( Co)r! #n Sarav Investment

& Financial Consultancy 4 . De &#ng #!$ !$e "ro*#(#on )nder Se !#on 1 > o/

!$e NI A ! !$#( Co)r! $e&d !$ ! Se !#on 1 > on! #ned "en & "ro*#(#on #!

( ("e # & (! !)!e. H *#ng reg rd !o !$e ")r"or! o/ !$e ( #d "ro*#(#on (

&(o #n *#e o/ !$e / ! !$ ! #! "ro*#de( /or (e*ere "en &!+ !$e "ro*#(#on

rr n! (!r# ! on(!r) !#on. T$#( Co)r! e9"$ (#<ed !$ ! & )(e 7 o/ !$e

"ro*#(o !o Se !#on 1 > "ro*#de( !$ ! !$e $o&der o/ !$e $e:)e 9)(! =e

g#*en n o""or!)n#!+ !o " + !$e 9o)n! #!$#n 15 d +( o/ !$e re e#"! o/ !$e

no!# e. Co9"& #n! !$)( n =e /#&ed /or o99#((#on o/ n o//en e =+

1



dr ee o/ !$e $e:)e on&+ 15 d +( /!er (er*# e o/ !$e no!# e. In Sarav

Investment & Financial Consultancy 4 !$#( Co)r! !$)( $e&d !$ ! (er*# e o/

no!# e #n !er9( o/ Se !#on 1 > "ro*#(o =7 o/ !$e NI A ! ( " r! o/ )(e

o/ !#on /or &odg#ng !$e o9"& #n! nd o99)n# !#on !o !$e )(ed

=o)! !$e / ! o/ d#($ono)r#ng o/ !$e $e:)e( nd &&#ng )"on $#9 !o " +

!$e 9o)n! #!$#n 15 d +( ( #9"er !#*e #n $ r !er. I! #( !r)e !$ ! #n

Sarav Investment & Financial Consultancy 4 !$ere #( no re/eren e o/ !$e

de #(#on o/ !$#( Co)r! #n Narsingh Das Tapadia - "

0. Sarav Investment & Financial Consultancy 4 &ed !o !$e *#e

=e#ng ! ?en =+ !$e H#g$ Co)r!( !$ ! o9"& #n! )nder Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e

NI A ! /#&ed =e/ore e@"#r+ o/ 15 d +( o/ (er*# e o/ no!# e ( "re9 !)re

nd () $ o9"& #n! o)&d no! =e !re !ed ( o9"& #n! #n !$e e+e o/ & nd

r#9#n & "ro eed#ng( #n#!# !ed re &# =&e !o =e :) ($ed. T$#( #( (een /ro9!$e *#e o/ !$e C & )!! H#g$ Co)r! #n Sandip 0uha -+ nd !$e )dg9en! o/

!$e H#9 $ & Pr de($ H#g$ Co)r! #n Rattan Chand -, .

1. Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI A ! o9"r#(e( o/ !$e 9 #n "ro*#(#on

$# $ de/#ne( !$e #ngred#en!( o/ !$e o//en e nd !$e ")n#($9en! !$ ! o)&d

/o&&o #n !$e e*en! o/ () $ n o//en e $ *#ng =een o99#!!ed. A""ended

!o !$#( Se !#on #( &(o "ro*#(o $# $ $ ( !$ree & )(e( *#<. 7 =7 nd

7. T$e o//en e )nder Se !#on 1 > #( 9 de e//e !#*e on&+ on /)&/#&&9en! o/

17 Sandip G ha v. Sa tipada Ghosh and Anr.; [200 (!) C N 21/"1 ,attan Chand v. >an ar ,a$ >ripa and Anr.; [2010 Cri. +.3. 705"

1



!$e e*en!) &#!#e( on! #ned #n & )(e( 7 =7 nd 7 o/ !$e "ro*#(o. For

o9"&e!#on o/ n o//en e )nder Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI A ! no! on&+ !$e

( !#(/ !#on o/ !$e #ngred#en!( o/ o//en e (e! o)! #n !$e 9 #n " r! o/ !$e

"ro*#(#on #( ne e(( r+ =)! #! #( &(o #9"er !#*e !$ ! && !$e !$ree

e*en!) &#!#e( 9en!#oned #n & )(e( 7 =7 nd 7 o/ !$e "ro*#(o re

( !#(/#ed. Mere #(() n e o/ $e:)e nd d#($ono)r !$ereo/ o)&d no!

on(!#!)!e n o//en e =+ #!(e&/ )nder Se !#on 1 >.

2. Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI A ! $ ( =een n &+(ed =+ !$#( Co)r! #n

3usum Ingots & lloys /td" 1- $ere#n !$#( Co)r! ( #d !$ ! !$e /o&&o #ng

#ngred#en!( re re:)#red !o =e ( !#(/#ed /or 9 ?#ng o)! (e )nder

Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI A !;

#7 "er(on 9)(! $ *e dr n $e:)e on n o)n!9 #n! #ned =+ $#9 #n = n? /or " +9en! o/ er! #n 9o)n!o/ 9one+ !o no!$er "er(on /ro9 o)! o/ !$ ! o)n! /or !$ed#( $ rge o/ n+ de=! or o!$er &# =#&#!+

##7 !$ ! $e:)e $ ( =een "re(en!ed !o !$e = n? #!$#n "er#od o/ (#@ 9on!$( /ro9 !$e d !e on $# $ #! #( dr n or

#!$#n !$e "er#od o/ #!( * &#d#!+ $# $e*er #( e r&#er

###7 !$ ! $e:)e #( re!)rned =+ !$e = n? )n" #d e#!$er=e )(e !$e 9o)n! o/ 9one+ (! nd#ng !o !$e red#! o/ !$e

o)n! #( #n()//# #en! !o $ono)r !$e $e:)e or !$ ! #!e@ eed( !$e 9o)n! rr nged !o =e " #d /ro9 !$ ! o)n!

=+ n gree9en! 9 de #!$ !$e = n?

#*7 !$e " +ee or !$e $o&der #n d)e o)r(e o/ !$e $e:)e9 ?e( de9 nd /or !$e " +9en! o/ !$e ( #d 9o)n! o/9one+ =+ g#*#ng no!# e #n r#!#ng !o !$e dr er o/ !$e

$e:)e #!$#n 15 d +( o/ !$e re e#"! o/ #n/or9 !#on =+ $#9/ro9 !$e = n? reg rd#ng !$e re!)rn o/ !$e $e:)e ( )n" #d

14 89s. > s $ #ngots % A o*s +td. v. 89s. Pennar Peterson Se' rities +td. and ors. et'. et'.; [A#, 2000SC 4 / (2000) 2 SCC 7/ "

2



*7 !$e dr er o/ () $ $e:)e / #&( !o 9 ?e " +9en! o/ !$e( #d 9o)n! o/ 9one+ !o !$e " +ee or !$e $o&der #n d)e

o)r(e o/ !$e $e:)e #!$#n 15 d +( o/ !$e re e#"! o/ !$e ( #dno!# e.

. e re #n gree9en! #!$ !$e =o*e n &+(#(.

. In 3"R" Indira 20 ! o3J)dge 4en $ o/ !$#( Co)r! o=(er*ed !$ !

!$e o//en e )nder Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI A ! o)&d =e o9"&e!ed #/ && !$e

=o*e o9"onen!( re ( !#(/#ed.

5. In(o/ r ( !$e "re(en! re/eren e #( on erned !$e de= !e

=ro d&+ en!er( ro)nd & )(e 7 o/ !$e "ro*#(o !o Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI

A !. T$e re:)#re9en! o/ & )(e 7 o/ !$e "ro*#(o #( !$ ! !$e dr er o/ !$e

$e:)e 9)(! $ *e / #&ed !o 9 ?e !$e " +9en! o/ !$e $e:)e 9o)n! !o !$e

" +ee #!$#n 15 d +( o/ !$e re e#"! o/ !$e no!# e. C& )(e 7 o/ !$e "ro*#(o

o//er( !o! & "er#od o/ 15 d +( !o !$e dr er /ro9 !$e d !e o/ re e#"! o/ !$e

no!# e !o 9 ?e " +9en! o/ !$e $e:)e 9o)n! on #!( d#($ono)r.

6. C n n o//en e )nder Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI A ! =e ( #d !o

$ *e =een o99#!!ed $en !$e "er#od "ro*#ded #n & )(e 7 o/ !$e "ro*#(o

$ ( no! e@"#red Se !#on 2 d7 o/ !$e Code de/#ne( o9"& #n! . A ord#ng

!o !$#( de/#n#!#on o9"& #n! 9e n( n+ &&eg !#on 9 de or &&+ or #n r#!#ng

!o M g#(!r !e #!$ *#e !o ! ?#ng $#( !#on g #n(! "er(on $o $ (

o99#!!ed n o//en e. Co99#((#on o/ n o//en e #( sine ;ua non /or

/#&#ng o9"& #n! nd /or ! ?#ng ogn#< n e o/ () $ o//en e. A = re

20 >.,. #ndira v. Dr. G. Adinara*ana; [A#, 200! SC /7 4 (200!) SCC !00)"

2



re d#ng o/ !$e "ro*#(#on on! #ned #n & )(e 7 o/ !$e "ro*#(o 9 ?e( #!

&e r !$ ! no o9"& #n! n =e /#&ed /or n o//en e )nder Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e

NI A ! )n&e(( !$e "er#od o/ 15 d +( $ ( e& "(ed. An+ o9"& #n! =e/ore !$e

e@"#r+ o/ 15 d +( /ro9 !$e d !e on $# $ !$e no!# e $ ( =een (er*ed on

!$e dr erG )(ed #( no o9"& #n! ! && #n !$e e+e o/ & . I! #( no! !$e

:)e(!#on o/ "re9 !)r#!+ o/ !$e o9"& #n! $ere #! #( /#&ed =e/ore e@"#r+ o/

15 d +( /ro9 !$e d !e on $# $ no!# e $ ( =een (er*ed on $#9 #! #( no

o9"& #n! ! && )nder & . A( 9 !!er o/ / ! Se !#on 1 2 o/ !$e NI A !

inter alia: re !e( &eg & = r on !$e Co)r! /ro9 ! ?#ng ogn#< n e o/ n

o//en e )nder Se !#on 1 > e@ e"! )"on r#!!en o9"& #n!. S#n e

o9"& #n! /#&ed )nder Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI A ! =e/ore !$e e@"#r+ o/ 15 d +(

/ro9 !$e d !e on $# $ !$e no!# e $ ( =een (er*ed on !$e dr erG )(ed

#( no o9"& #n! #n !$e e+e o/ & o=*#o)(&+ no ogn#< n e o/ n o//en e

n =e ! ?en on !$e = (#( o/ () $ o9"& #n!. Mere&+ =e )(e ! !$e !#9e

o/ ! ?#ng ogn#< n e =+ !$e Co)r! !$e "er#od o/ 15 d +( $ ( e@"#red /ro9

!$e d !e on $# $ no!# e $ ( =een (er*ed on !$e dr erG )(ed !$e

Co)r! #( no! &o!$ed #!$ !$e )r#(d# !#on !o ! ?e ogn#< n e o/ n o//en e

)nder Se !#on 1 > on o9"& #n! /#&ed =e/ore !$e e@"#r+ o/ 15 d +( /ro9

!$e d !e o/ re e#"! o/ no!# e =+ !$e dr er o/ !$e $e:)e.

8. A o9"& #n! /#&ed =e/ore e@"#r+ o/ 15 d +( /ro9 !$e d !e on

$# $ no!# e $ ( =een (er*ed on dr erG )(ed nno! =e ( #d !o

d#( &o(e !$e )(e o/ !#on #n !er9( o/ & )(e 7 o/ !$e "ro*#(o !o Se !#on

2



1 > nd )"on () $ o9"& #n! $# $ doe( no! d#( &o(e !$e )(e o/ !#on

!$e Co)r! #( no! o9"e!en! !o ! ?e ogn#< n e. A on o#n! re d#ng o/

Se !#on 1 > $# $ de/#ne( ( !o $en nd )nder $ ! #r )9(! n e( n

o//en e n =e ( #d !o $ *e =een o99#!!ed #!$ Se !#on 1 2 =7 o/ !$e NI

A ! !$ ! re#!er !e( !$e "o(#!#on o/ !$e "o#n! o/ !#9e $en !$e )(e o/

!#on $ ( r#(en &e *e( no 9 nner o/ do)=! !$ ! no o//en e n =e ( #d

!o $ *e =een o99#!!ed )n&e(( nd )n!#& !$e "er#od o/ 15 d +( (

"re( r#=ed )nder & )(e 7 o/ !$e "ro*#(o !o Se !#on 1 > $ ( #n / !

e& "(ed. T$ere/ore Co)r! #( = rred #n & /ro9 ! ?#ng ogn#< n e o/

() $ o9"& #n!. I! #( no! o"en !o !$e Co)r! !o ! ?e ogn#< n e o/ () $

o9"& #n! 9ere&+ =e )(e on !$e d !e o/ on(#der !#on or ! ?#ng

ogn#< n e !$ereo/ "er#od o/ 15 d +( /ro9 !$e d !e on $# $ !$e no!# e

$ ( =een (er*ed on !$e dr erG )(ed $ ( e& "(ed. e $ *e no do)=!

!$ ! && !$e /#*e e((en!# & /e !)re( o/ Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI A ! ( no!ed #n

!$e )dg9en! o/ !$#( Co)r! #n 3usum Ingots & lloys /td" 1- nd $# $ e

$ *e ""ro*ed 9)(! =e ( !#(/#ed /or o9"& #n! !o =e /#&ed )nder Se !#on

1 >. I/ !$e "er#od "re( r#=ed #n & )(e 7 o/ !$e "ro*#(o !o Se !#on 1 > $ (

no! e@"#red !$ere #( no o99#((#on o/ n o//en e nor r) & o/ )(e o/

!#on /or /#&#ng o/ o9"& #n! )nder Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI A !.

>. e !$ere/ore do no! ""ro*e !$e *#e ! ?en =+ !$#( Co)r! #n

Narsingh Das Tapadia 1 nd (o &(o !$e )dg9en!( o/ * r#o)( H#g$ Co)r!(

/o&&o #ngNarsingh Das Tapadia 1 !$ ! #/ !$e o9"& #n! )nder Se !#on 1 > #(

2



/#&ed =e/ore e@"#r+ o/ 15 d +( /ro9 !$e d !e on $# $ no!# e $ ( =een

(er*ed on !$e dr erG )(ed !$e ( 9e #( "re9 !)re nd #/ on !$e d !e o/

! ?#ng ogn#< n e "er#od o/ 15 d +( /ro9 !$e d !e o/ (er*# e o/ no!# e on

!$e dr erG )(ed $ ( e@"#red () $ o9"& #n! ( &eg &&+ 9 #n! #n =&e

nd $en e !$e ( 9e #( o*err)&ed.

-. R !$er !$e *#e ! ?en =+ !$#( Co)r! #n Sarav Investment &

Financial Consultancy 2 $ere#n !$#( Co)r! $e&d !$ ! (er*# e o/ no!# e #n

!er9( o/ Se !#on 1 > "ro*#(o =7 o/ !$e NI A ! ( " r! o/ !$e )(e o/

!#on /or &odg#ng !$e o9"& #n! nd o99)n# !#on !o !$e )(ed =o)!

!$e / ! o/ d#($ono)r#ng o/ !$e $e:)e nd &&#ng )"on !o " + !$e 9o)n!

#!$#n 15 d +( ( #9"er !#*e #n $ r !er o99end( #!(e&/ !o )(. A(

no!# ed =+ )( e r&#er no o9"& #n! n =e 9 #n! #ned g #n(! !$e dr er

o/ !$e $e:)e =e/ore !$e e@"#r+ o/ 15 d +( /ro9 !$e d !e o/ re e#"! o/no!# e =e )(e !$e dr erG )(ed nno! =e ( #d !o $ *e o99#!!ed n+

o//en e )n!#& !$en. e ""ro*e !$e de #(#on o/ !$#( Co)r! #n Sarav

Investment & Financial Consultancy 2 nd &(o !$e )dg9en!( o/ !$e H#g$

Co)r!( $# $ $ *e ! ?en !$e *#e /o&&o #ng !$#( )dg9en! !$ ! !$e

o9"& #n! )nder Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI A ! /#&ed =e/ore !$e e@"#r+ o/ 15 d +(

o/ (er*# e o/ no!# e o)&d no! =e !re !ed ( o9"& #n! #n !$e e+e o/ &

nd r#9#n & "ro eed#ng( #n#!# !ed on () $ o9"& #n! re &# =&e !o =e

:) ($ed.

2



0. O)r n( er !o :)e(!#on #7 #( !$ere/ore #n !$e neg !#*e.

1. T$e o!$er :)e(!#on #( !$ ! #/ !$e n( er !o :)e(!#on #7 #( #n !$e

neg !#*e n !$e o9"& #n n! =e "er9#!!ed !o "re(en! !$e o9"& #n! g #n

no! #!$(! nd#ng !$e / ! !$ ! !$e "er#od o/ one 9on!$ (!#")& !ed )nder

Se !#on 1 2 =7 /or !$e /#&#ng o/ () $ o9"& #n! $ ( e@"#red.

2. Se !#on 1 2 o/ !$e NI A ! "re( r#=e( !$e 9ode nd (o &(o !$e

!#9e #!$#n $# $ o9"& #n! /or n o//en e )nder Se !#on 1 > o/ !$e NI

A ! n =e /#&ed. A o9"& #n! 9 de )nder Se !#on 1 > =+ !$e " +ee or !$e

$o&der #n d)e o)r(e o/ !$e $e:)e $ ( !o =e #n r#!#ng nd need( !o =e

9 de #!$#n one 9on!$ /ro9 !$e d !e on $# $ !$e )(e o/ !#on $ (

r#(en )nder & )(e 7 o/ !$e "ro*#(o !o Se !#on 1 >. T$e "er#od o/ one

9on!$ )nder Se !#on 1 2 =7 =eg#n( /ro9 !$e d !e on $# $ !$e )(e o/

!#on $ ( r#(en )nder & )(e 7 o/ !$e "ro*#(o !o Se !#on 1 >. Ho e*er

#/ !$e o9"& #n n! ( !#(/#e( !$e Co)r! !$ ! $e $ d ()//# #en! )(e /or no!

9 ?#ng o9"& #n! #!$#n !$e "re( r#=ed "er#od o/ one 9on!$ o9"& #n!

9 + =e ! ?en =+ !$e Co)r! /!er !$e "re( r#=ed "er#od. No (#n e o)r

n( er !o :)e(!#on #7 #( #n !$e neg !#*e e o=(er*e !$ ! !$e " +ee or !$e

$o&der #n d)e o)r(e o/ !$e $e:)e 9 + /#&e /re($ o9"& #n! #!$#n one

9on!$ /ro9 !$e d !e o/ de #(#on #n !$e r#9#n & (e nd #n !$ ! e*en!

de& + #n /#&#ng !$e o9"& #n! #&& =e !re !ed ( $ *#ng =een ondoned )nder

!$e "ro*#(o !o & )(e =7 o/ Se !#on 1 2 o/ !$e NI A !. T$#( d#re !#on ($ &&

2



=e dee9ed !o =e ""&# =&e !o && () $ "end#ng (e( $ere !$e o9"& #n!

doe( no! "ro eed /)r!$er #n *#e o/ o)r n( er !o :)e(!#on #7. A( e $ *e

&re d+ $e&d !$ ! o9"& #n! /#&ed =e/ore !$e e@"#r+ o/ 15 d +( /ro9 !$e

d !e o/ re e#"! o/ no!# e #(()ed )nder & )(e 7 o/ !$e "ro*#(o !o Se !#on

1 > #( no! 9 #n! #n =&e !$e o9"& #n n! nno! =e "er9#!!ed !o "re(en!

!$e *er+ ( 9e o9"& #n! ! n+ & !er (! ge. H#( re9ed+ #( on&+ !o /#&e

/re($ o9"& #n! nd #/ !$e ( 9e o)&d no! =e /#&ed #!$#n !$e !#9e

"re( r#=ed )nder Se !#on 1 2 =7 $#( re o)r(e #( !o (ee? !$e =ene/#! o/ !$e

"ro*#(o ( !#(/+#ng !$e Co)r! o/ ()//# #en! )(e. Q)e(!#on ##7 #( n( ered

ord#ng&+.

. Cr#9#n & ""e &( 9 + no =e &#(!ed /or on(#der !#on =+ !$e

reg)& r 4en $.

%%%%%%%%%%%CJI.R.M. Lod$ 7

%%%%%%%%%%%..J.)r# n Jo(e"$7

%%%%%%%%%%%..J.Ro$#n!on F &# N r#9 n7

Ne De&$#Se"!e9=er 1- 201 .

2


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