DRAFT

MALAYSIAN 13A006R0

STANDARD

STAGE: PUBLIC COMMENT (40.20) DATE: 15/01/2015 – 15/03/2015

Systems approach for pest risk management – Fruits

ICS: 65.020

Descriptors: systems approach, pest management, fruits, pre-planting, pre-harvest, harvest post-harvest, storage, transportation

© Copyright 2015

DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA

For Pub

lic Com

ment

13A006R0

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved i

Contents Page

Committee representation ........................................................................................................... ii Foreword ..................................................................................................................................... iii 1 Scope ............................................................................................................................. 1 2 Normative references .................................................................................................... 1 3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................... 1 4 General requirements … ............................................................................................... 2 5 Pre-planting…………………………………………………………………………………....3 6 Pre-harvest……………………………………………………………………….……………5 7 Harvest…………………………………………………………………………………………5 8 Post-harvest……………………………………………………………….…………………..7 9 Transportation from packing house to exit point…………………………………………..8 10 Quarantine inspection………………………………………………………………………..9 11 Storage………………………………………………………………………………………...9 12 Legal requirements…………………………………………………………………………...9 13 Compliance……………………………………………………………………………………9 Bibliography .............................................................................................................................. 10

For Pub

lic Com

ment

13A006R0

ii © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved

Committee representation The Industry Standards Committee on Agricultural (ISC A) under whose authority this Malaysian Standard was developed, comprises representatives from the following organisations: Department of Agriculture Malaysia Department of Fisheries Malaysia Department of Standards Malaysia Department of Veterinary Services Farmers’ Organisation Authority Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority Federation of Livestock Farmers' Associations of Malaysia Forest Research Institute Malaysia Malaysia Fruit Exporters Association Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute Malaysian Association of Standards Users Malaysian Palm Oil Association Malaysian Rubber Board Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry Malaysia Ministry of Plantation Industries and Commodities National Seed Association Malaysia SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat) Universiti Putra Malaysia Technical Committee on Good Agricultural Practice for Crop Commodities which developed this Malaysian Standard consists of representatives from the following organisations: Department of Agriculture Malaysia Department of Agriculture Sabah Department of Agriculture Sarawak Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority Malaysia Herbal Corporation Malaysian Palm Oil Association Malaysian Palm Oil Board Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry Malaysia Ministry of Health Ministry of Plantation Industries and Commodities National Association of Smallholders Malaysia Sime Darby Research Sdn Bhd SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat) Q.A. Consulting Resources Co-opted member: Department of Agriculture Malaysia (Pant Biosecurity Division)

For Pub

lic Com

ment

13A006R0

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved iii

Foreword This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Technical Committee on Good Agricultural Practice for Crop Commodities under the authority of the Industry Standards Committee on Agriculture. Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

For Pub

lic Com

ment

13A006R0

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved 1

Systems approach for pest risk management – Fruits

1 Scope This Malaysian Standard specifies systems approach for pest risk management for fruits applied during pre-planting, pre-harvest, harvest, post-harvest, storage and transportation from packing house to the exit point. This is to ensure that fruits are free from pests and fulfill the phytosanitary measures of importing country. This standard is applicable to farms that produce fruits for export purposes and is also recommended to be used by producers of fruits for local market.

2 Normative references The following normative references are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative references (including any amendments) applies. MS 1784-7, Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) - Part 7: Fruits and vegetables Pesticides Act 1974 ISPM 12, Phytosanitary Certificates

3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 buffer zone An area surrounding or adjacent to an area officially delimited for phytosanitary purposes in order to minimise the probability of spread of the target pest into or out of the delimited area, and subject to phytosanitary or other control measures, if appropriate. 3.2 integrated pest management (IPM) Utilisation of all available pest control techniques and subsequent integration of appropriate measures that discourage the development of pest populations and keep pesticides and other interventions to levels that are economically justified and reduce or minimise risks to human health and the environment. 3.3 maximum residue limit (MRL) The maximum concentration of a pesticide residue (expressed as mg/kg), legally permitted in food commodities and animal feeds. NOTE. mg/kg is also expressed as part per million (ppm).

For Pub

lic Com

ment

13A006R0

2 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved

3.4 pests Any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent injurious to plants or plant products. EXAMPLE Insects, other invertebrates, fungi, bacteria, viruses, weeds and vertebrates.

3.5 phytosanitary measure Any legislation, regulation or official procedure having the purpose to prevent the introduction and/or spread of quarantine pests, or to limit the economic impact of regulated non-quarantine pests.

3.6 planting Any operation for the placing of plants in the field/growing medium, or by grafting or similar operations, to ensure their subsequent growth, reproduction or propagation. 3.7 pre-harvest The period from after planting to the day before harvest. 3.8 systems approach Integrated measures for pest risk management in a defined manner that could provide an alternative to single measures to meet the appropriate level of pest protection.

4 General requirements 4.1 Traceability The fruits shall be traceable to the farm where it has been originally produced.

4.2 Record keeping Record keeping ensures traceability of fruit integrity throughout the whole operation. It shall be transparent and enable easy retrieval of information. The requirements for record keeping shall be as follows. a) Records shall be kept up-to-date. b) Records, documentation and accounts shall provide traceability and be made available

to the inspector for audit trail and trace back verification at any time. c) All records shall be maintained for at least six months and retained for a period not less

than 5 years unless stipulated by any specific legislation. d) The records shall be accessible and audited. e) All records shall be treated as confidential.

For Pub

lic Com

ment

13A006R0

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved 3

4.3 Integrated pest management (IPM) 4.3.1 Integrated pest management approaches shall be implemented to discourage the development of pest populations and keep pesticides and other interventions to levels that are economically justified and reduce or minimise risks to human health and the environment. 4.3.2 Non-chemical control measures are preferred over chemical treatments. If chemical control measures are used, farmers shall only use chemicals that are officially registered under the Pesticides Act 1974. Farmers shall not use chemicals that are banned or disallowed in the importing countries. 4.4 Regular surveillance 4.4.1 Regular surveillance shall be carried out to monitor pests and diseases. If the population of pests exceed economic threshold level, appropriate control measures shall be instituted. 4.4.2 In case of detection of quarantine pests in a location, buffer zone shall be created to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. The pest population within the infested location shall be suppressed by use of pesticides. 4.5 Transportation and equipment All transportation and associated equipment of fruits to packing house/processing facility/exit point shall fulfil the following requirements: a) the transport shall be enclosed to prevent re-infestation; b) the transport and equipment shall be cleaned/sanitised; c) the transport shall be insect proof; d) the transport shall be checked for damage to walls, floors, doors, ceilings; f) the temperature of the transport shall be controlled to minimise the effect of high temperature to the fruits; and g) the transport and equipment shall be free from pests, dirt and debris.

5 Pre-planting 5.1 Site assessment 5.1.1 Site history 5.1.1.1 Site history as described in MS 1784-7 shall be adopted. 5.1.1.2 For all new agricultural sites for fruits, a risk assessment shall be carried out, taking the following into account: a) prior use of the land; b) potential impacts of the production on adjacent crops and areas; and

For Pub

lic Com

ment

13A006R0

4 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved

c) potential impact of activities carried out at adjacent areas. 5.1.1.3 The information of the risk assessment shall be recorded. 5.1.2 Site management 5.1.2.1 The farm management shall demonstrate that it has legal rights to the cultivation of the land and all necessary regulatory approvals. 5.1.2.2 Where farms are located on sloping land (within the permissible level), appropriate soil conservation measures shall be undertaken to prevent soil erosion and silt deposition into drains and other waterways. Soil conservation involves reforming agricultural soil management methods. Some of the most effective methods include strip-cropping, alternating strips of crop and uncultivated land to minimise erosion and water runoff; contour farming, planting crops along the contours of sloping lands to minimise erosion and runoff; terracing, which also reduces erosion and runoff on slopes; growing legumes, such as clover, to restore essential nitrogen in the soil; and minimising tillage, or plowing, to reduce erosion. 5.1.2.3 A visual identification or reference system for each field shall be established. 5.1.2.4 Site clearing shall be done for complete removal of existing plant material to avoid becoming source of pathogen. 5.1.2.5 Land leveling or land reconstruction should take into consideration topographical factor as well as existing structures. 5.1.2.6 Infrastructure layout should include farm road, irrigation system and farm structure according to terrain and crops needs. 5.1.2.7 Ploughing after harvest can remove stubble potential host remaining food and shelter for most pests, especially insects. 5.1.3 Soil and substrate management 5.1.3.1 The farms shall has a soil inspection report which based on availability of mineral, nutrient, soil structure, acidity and moisture content. 5.1.3.2 The farms shall adopt the following quarantine strategies for soil.

a) When soil fumigation is carried out, it shall be justified and recorded. Alternative methods

such as crop rotation, planting of break crops, use of disease resistant cultivars, thermal or solar sterilisation, conversion to soil-free cultivation and similar techniques shall be explored before resorting to use of chemical fumigants.

b) Drainage system shall be designed for removal of excess runoff whilst buffering

widespread of pests and diseases. c) Equipment and machinery shall be sanitised to reduce potential pests and diseases. 5.1.3.3 Soil type mapping, cultivation, soil erosion and substrates shall be adopted from MS 1784-7.

For Pub

lic Com

ment

13A006R0

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved 5

5.2 Selection of planting materials

5.2.1 Selection of planting materials as described in MS 1784-7 shall be adopted. Selection

of rootstock, mother plant/scion and budded clones shall be healthy, true to type and free

from pests and diseases.

5.2.2 All planting materials produced shall be healthy, vigorous, true to type, free from pests and diseases. 5.2.3 All plants from nursery shall be sourced from certified suppliers or nurseries.

6 Pre-harvest 6.1 The pre-harvest interval shall be recorded for all fruit protection applications. Pre-harvest involves a) proper and precise fertilisation to maintain healthy plant, b) pest surveillance, and c) pests and diseases controlled practices such as integrated pest management to maintain

low prevalence of pest. 6.2 Appropriate measures shall be taken to reduce possible contamination within the growing area. 6.3 Pre-harvest intervals as prescribed on pesticide labels shall be strictly adhered to.

7 Harvest 7.1 General 7.1.1 Appropriate harvesting of fruits shall be carried out to ensure high quality of fruits and freedom from pests. 7.1.2 The farm manager or appointed officer is responsible for the implementation of the hygiene procedures. The requirement for hygiene procedure as described in MS 1784-7 shall be adopted. 7.2 Harvesting method

7.2.1 Fruits should be harvested at the right stage of maturity, of good quality which are free from soil, pests and other contaminants. 7.2.2 The workers shall be trained on the capacity in selecting fruits that are free from pest. Only quality fruits of the right ripening index, free from soil, pests, disease and other contaminants shall be harvested. 7.2.3 The optimal harvesting time is in the early morning or late afternoon to obtain better quality fruit by reducing the exposure to the heat in the field during the day.

For Pub

lic Com

ment

13A006R0

6 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved

7.2.4 Damage and disease infected fruits shall be removed and destroyed.

7.3 Sampling for pesticide residue analysis of produce 7.3.1 Sampling as described in MS 1784-7 shall be carried out to determine the residue level of fruit. 7.3.2 Preventive and corrective action plans shall be in place in the event a maximum residue level (MRL) is exceeded. 7.4 Transportation of fruits to collecting centre 7.4.1 Selection of fruits for transportation shall be of good quality which are free from soil, pests, disease and other contaminants. 7.4.2 Transport to be used for transportation of fruits from farm to collecting centre shall fulfil the requirements as stated in 4.5. NOTE. To ensure the quality and shelf life of the fruit, it is advisable that fruits be air/portable water cooled under the shade till harvesting is completed to minimise the effect of high temperature on the fruit and would decelerate the ripening process.

7.5 Collecting centre and packing house 7.5.1 Collecting centre for fruits to be exported shall be insect proof, enclosed with at least 32 mesh of suitable materials and free from soil, pests, disease and other contaminants. 7.5.2 Packing house shall be sanitised and free from soil, pests, disease and other contaminants. 7.5.3 Packing house shall be operated in one-way flow to facilitate management and supervision of the product to be free from pest and re-infestation. 7.6 Transportation to packing house/processing facility 7.6.1 Selection of fruit for transportation shall be of good quality which are free from soil, pests and other contaminants. 7.6.2 Transport to be used for transportation of fruits to packing house/processing facility shall fulfil the requirements as stated in 4.5. 7.6.3 The fruits should be quickly transported in fully covered vehicle. Efforts should be made to pack the fruits in the nearest packing house to minimise the delay, to avoid damage and pest infestation to the fruit during transit. 7.6.4 Cushioned layer transport is recommended to minimise physical injury during transportation.

For Pub

lic Com

ment

13A006R0

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved 7

8 Post-harvest 8.1 Packing house 8.1.1 General The requirements for packing house shall be as follows. a) It shall be sanitised and free from soil, pests and other contaminants. b) Animals such as dogs, cows and etc. shall be kept out from the area of packing house. c) It shall be equipped with appropriate facilities. 8.1.2 Specific activities 8.1.2.1 Sorting Sorting shall be carried out to ensure that the diseased, abnormal and damaged fruits are rejected. 8.1.2.2 Cleaning The packing house shall be kept clean at all times to avoid establishing a breeding ground for pests. Dirts, soil, and other foreign material shall be removed from fruits by using appropriate method such as soft brush and air blowing. 8.1.2.3 Washing Potable water shall be used for washing of fruits. In case of water tank is used for washing, the tank shall be cleaned and the water shall be safe and frequently changed to avoid risk of microbial and chemical contamination. Based on risk assessments, the source of water for post-harvest washing should be analysed at least once a year for microbial, chemical and mineral pollutants to ensure that it is potable and safe. 8.1.2.4 Treatment 8.1.2.4.1 Use of chemical treatments after post-harvest should be minimised. When used, it shall be in accordance with the relevant legislations or internationally recognised recommendations. 8.1.2.4.2 The quarantine disinfestation treatment by the importing country shall be adhered to. 8.1.2.4.3 Records for all post-harvest treatments shall be kept to include: a) crop name; b) location of treatment;

For Pub

lic Com

ment

13A006R0

8 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved

c) date of treatment; d) reason for treatment; e) type of treatment; f) active ingredient (a.i); g) dosage/concentration; h) exposure period/treatment time; i) methods of treatment; and j) name of operator/treatment provider. 8.1.2.5 Drying The fruits should be air dried immediately after the treatment. Prior to packing, all the fruits will be visually inspected for quality and any presence of pest. Infested fruits shall be rejected. 8.2 Packaging 8.2.1 Packaging shall meet the quality, hygiene and resistance characteristics to provide maximum protection from any damage and pest infestation to the fruits during its handling and transporting. 8.2.2 Packaging material shall be stored to avoid contamination by physical and chemical hazards, as well as pests. It shall be protected from rodents, birds and other animals. Where fruits are field packed, packaging shall not be left in the field overnight where risk of contamination exists. 8.2.3 The materials used inside the package shall be clean and of good quality such as to avoid causing any external or internal damage to the fruit. 8.2.4 Re-usable crates shall be cleaned to ensure that they are free from foreign materials which may be detrimental to the fruits and/or consumers’ health.

9 Transportation from packing house to exit point Transport to be used for transportation of packed fruits to the exit point (ports/airports) shall fulfil the requirements as stated in 4.5.

For Pub

lic Com

ment

13A006R0

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved 9

10 Quarantine inspection 10.1 Inspection shall be carried out by qualified quarantine inspector to ensure all requirements have been met for issuance of Phytosanitary Certificate. 10.2 Inspection activities shall be carried out in accordance with ISPM 12, Phytosanitary Certificate.

11 Storage 11.1 Storage rooms and facilities shall be cleaned, dry and sanitised periodically to remove possible contaminant that can affect the fruit quality during storage. 11.2 Packed fruits shall be placed on raised floor to avoid physical, chemical and microbial contamination.

12 Legal requirements All farm activities and produce shall in other aspects comply with the requirements of the legislations currently in force in Malaysia.

13 Compliance Fruit consignment that is inspected by the certifying agency and is found to comply with the standard at the time of inspections shall be deemed to comply with this standard.

For Pub

lic Com

ment

13A006R0

10 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved

Bibliography [1] International Code of Conduct on Distribution and use of Pesticides, FAO 2002 [2] Food Act 1983 and Food Regulations 1985 [3] MS 1784, Crop Commodities – Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) [4] ISPM 5, Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms

[5] ISPM 14, the Use of Integrated Measures in a Systems Approach for Pest Risk

Management [6] ISPM 35, Systems Approach for Pest Risk Management of Fruit Flies (Tephritidae) [7] Codex Alimentarius, Glossary of Terms

For Pub

lic Com

ment

Acknowledgements

Members of Technical Committee on Good Agricultural Practice for Crop Commodities Ms Norma Othman (Chairman) Department of Agriculture Malaysia

Ms Irma Munirah Alias/ Ms Noraslina Mat Zain (Secretary)

SIRIM Berhad

Ms Siti Saudah Hassim/ Ms Dayang Mazadah Awang Danen

Department of Agriculture Malaysia (Crop Quality Control Division)

Hajah Julia Lamdin/ Ms Liaw Hiew Lian

Department of Agriculture Sabah

Mr Kadin Empari Department of Agriculture Sarawak

Dr Hanisah Hussin Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry Malaysia

Dr Haji Ismail Hashim

National Association of Smallholders Malaysia

Mr Sathianathan Menon Q.A. Consulting Resources

Co-opted members

Mr Mokhtarud-din Husain/ Mr Mohd Ridzuan Ismail/ Mr Syed Abd Hakim Syed Majid/ Ms Aini Rozaini Abu Bakar

Department of Agriculture Malaysia (Plant Biosecurity Division)

For Pub

lic Com

ment