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14. Crisis, the Olivet Discourse.pptx

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    Lesson #14Crisis,

    the Olivet Discourse

    (Mark 13: 1-37)

    1Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

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    Lesson #13 offered an Excursus on the Roman Empire at

    the time of Marks Gospel. In it we learned that theRoman Empire of A.D. 64-70 experienced tremendous

    turbulence:

    The Great Fire of Rome burned a large portion of the city on 18 July A.D.

    64, and the Emperor Nero blamed the destruction on Romes Christians;

    Consequently, Nero (A.D. 54-68) launched the first state-sponsored

    persecution against the Church, A.D. 64-68. Both Peter and Paul were

    martyred during this time, along with a great multitude of others;

    Nero committed suicide on 9 June A.D. 68;

    Civil war broke out, and four Emperors followed in quick succession, threeof whom were assassinated or committed suicide; and

    In A.D. 66 the Great Jewish Revolt began in Palestine, resulting in the

    destruction of the Temple on 29/30 July A.D. 70, the death of 1.2 million

    Jews by the end of the revolt, and the Diaspora that lasted nearly 2,000

    years.

    2Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

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    This extraordinarily tumultuous time formed the historicaland cultural context from which the Gospel according to

    Markemerged, shaping our authors narrative, rhetorical

    and stylistic strategies, as well as the portrayal of his

    characters and his sequencing of events in the story.Understanding this greatly informs our reading of Marks

    version of the Olivet Discourse in 13: 1-37, the subject of

    our next lesson.

    3Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

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    In the Olivet Discourse (13: 1-37) Jesus speaks of a timeof great tribulation; the destruction of the Temple; the

    coming of the Son of Man (the parousiva,parousia, =

    in classical Greek, the physical arrival of a person who is

    not currently present, e.g., Jesus 2ndComing); and

    the end times.

    Traditionally read as eschatological prophecy, the Olivet

    Discourse draws heavily upon the Book of Daniel for its

    imagery (the Son of Man coming on the clouds; the

    desolating abomination standing where he should

    not), and it applies that imagery to the events that are

    unfolding in the Roman Empire at the time of the

    Gospels composition.

    4Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

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    Mark builds Jesus Olivet

    Discourse (13: 1-37) on a simple4-part structure:

    1. Question asked (1-4)

    2. Question answered, Part 1 (5-23)

    3. Question answered, Part 2 (24-31)4. What to do in the meantime (32-37).

    5Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

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    6Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

    Mark builds Jesus Olivet Discourse (13: 1-37)on a simple 4-part structure:

    1. Question asked (1-4)

    2. Question answered, Part 1 (5-23)

    3. Question answered, Part 2 (24-31)

    4. What to do in the meantime (32-37).

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    7Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

    Holy cow!

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    To understand the

    magnitude of Jesus

    comment in 13: 2and

    his disciples reaction to

    itwe need a solid

    understanding of theTemple in Jerusalem.

    8Triumphal Entry

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    King Solomon began building the 1st

    Temple in Jerusalem in the 4thyear of his

    reign, 966 B.C. (1 Kings 6: 1). He

    completed it in seven years, and he

    dedicated it in 959 B.C. (1 Kings 6: 38).

    Solomons Temple wasnt large, only 30

    meters/90 feet long by 10 meters/30 feet

    wide and 10 meters/30 feet high. But it

    was the most beautiful building on earth,

    a Fraberge Egg, a glistening gem.

    Solomons Temple stood in Jerusalem for

    380 years, until 14 August 586 B.C., when

    the Babylonians sacked, looted and

    destroyed it and Jerusalem (2 Kings 25: 8-

    9).

    There are no extant images of the 1st

    Temple, only written descriptions of it.

    9Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

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    Nebuchadnezzar King of Babylon attackedJerusalem for the first time in 605 B.C.,

    again in 597 and a third and final time in

    588 B.C., resulting in a 2-year siege of thecity. Jerusalem fell to the Babylonians on 14

    August 586 B.C., and the survivors were

    taken captive to Babylon.

    There they stayed until 539 B.C. when Cyrus

    the Great, King of Persia conquered Babylonand allowed all the captive people (not just

    the Jews) to go home to rebuild their cities,

    temples and infrastructures, the rebuilding

    financed by Persia.

    The first wave of Jews returned in 538 B.C.and they began rebuilding the Temple,

    completing it on 12 March 516 B.C. (Ezra 6:

    15).

    10Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

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    This 2ndTemple was a big

    disappointment, however, for it fell

    far short of Solomons 1stTemple.

    Indeed, we read in Ezra:

    Many of the priests, Levites, and heads of

    ancestral houses, who were old enough to

    have seen the former house, cried out in

    sorrow as they watched the foundation of

    the present house being laid. Many others,

    however, lifted up their voices in shouts of

    joy. No one could distinguish the sound of

    the joyful shouting from the sound of those

    who were weeping . . ..

    (3: 12-13)

    The old timers who had seen

    Solomons Temple wept!

    11Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

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    This 2ndTemple stood for 497 years, from51619 B.C., when Herod the Great began

    a massive renovation project designed to

    bring 1,000,000 people to Jerusalemthree times each year on Passover,

    Pentecost and Tabernaclesstimulating

    the economy and generating significant

    tax revenue for Rome.

    Herod expanded to Temple platform to37 acres in size, enough to accommodate

    nearly 400,000 people; he built a

    complex network of water cisterns

    throughout Jerusalem to channel spring

    water, store rain water and move thestored water to accommodate the large

    crowds; and he built accompanying

    infrastructure to support his project.

    12Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

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    Importantly, during Herods

    construction projects the 2nd

    Temple continued functioning

    uninterrupted. Herod did not

    build a new 3rdTemple; rather, he

    greatly renovated the existing 2nd

    Temple.

    This renovated 2ndTemple is the

    one Jesus knew, and it is the one

    he addresses in the Olivet

    Discourse.

    13Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

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    Palm Sundayroad

    Mount of Olives

    Temple Platform

    Temple

    14Triumphal Entry

    Jesus and his

    disciples are

    walking up the

    Mt. of Olives.

    X

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    The Temple in Jesus day, as he would have seen it from the Mt. of Olives.

    (1.50 scale model of 1st-century Jerusalem, Israel Museum.)

    Photography by Ana Maria Vargas

    15Triumphal Entry

    470 meters/ 513 yards

    (Eastern Wall)

    280 meters/ 306 yards

    (Southern Wall)

    150,00 m2/ 37 acres

    (Platform Area)30 meters/

    9 stories

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    16Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

    Temple Model

    (1.50 scale model of 1st-century Jerusalem, Israel Museum.)

    24 meters/8 stories

    Gold Trim

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    Excavations at the Western

    Wall from 1993-1997

    exposed the Herodian

    street that paralleled the

    wall. This is the pavement

    that Jesus would have

    walked upon!

    The stones at the far end

    fell from the Temple when

    it was destroyed in A.D. 70.

    They remain where they

    fell nearly 2,000 years ago.

    17Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

    Photography by Ana Maria Vargas

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    19Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

    Mark builds Jesus Olivet Discourse (13: 1-37)on a simple 4-part structure:

    1. Question asked (1-4)

    2. Question answered, Part 1 (5-23)

    3. Question answered, Part 2 (24-31)

    4. What to do in the meantime (32-37).

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    20Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

    When will all this happen?

    Here are the signs:1. In general (5-8)

    2. In particularto you (9-11)

    3. In particularto others (12-13)

    4. And then things will get WORSE!

    (14-23)

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    The desolating abomination is referred to in Daniel 9:27, 11: 31, 12:11; in 1

    Maccabees 1:54, 6:7; and in the synoptic Gospels in the Olivet Discourse. In Daniel

    and 1 Maccabees it refers to an image of Antiochus IV Epiphanes set up in the Temple

    in 167 B.C., during the Maccabean revolt.

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    22Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

    Mark builds Jesus Olivet Discourse (13: 1-37)on a simple 4-part structure:

    1. Question asked (1-4)

    2. Question answered, Part 1 (5-23)

    3. Question answered, Part 2 (24-31)

    4. What to do in the meantime (32-37).

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    23Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

    After the Tribulation

    The sun will be darkened,and the moon will not give its light,

    and the stars will be falling from the sky,

    and the powers in the heavens will be shaken

    (24-25).

    Then they will see the Son of Mancoming in the clouds with great power

    and glory (26).

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    24Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

    Mark builds Jesus Olivet Discourse (13: 1-37)on a simple 4-part structure:

    1. Question asked (1-4)

    2. Question answered, Part 1 (5-23)

    3. Question answered, Part 2 (24-31)

    4. What to do in the meantime (32-37).

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    William Blake. The Parable of the Wise and Foolish Virgins (Watercolor, brush and

    gray wash, pen and black ink over graphite), c. 1803-1805.

    New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art.

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    Jesus said, Amen, I say to you,

    this generation will not pass

    away until all these things havetaken place(13: 30).

    In light of Jesus own words,

    contemporary events in the

    Roman Empire and the livedexperience of Christians during

    the composition of the Gospels,

    virtually everyone in the 1st

    generation of the Church

    believed that Jesus would returnin their lifetime.

    26Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

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    By the late 80s and early 90s, we

    witness the remnants of 1st

    generation, and it is during thesefinal days that the Book of

    Revelationemerges, the

    masterpiece in a long line of

    Apocalyptic, end-time

    literature.

    But thats a topic for

    another day!

    27Crisis, the Olivet Discourse

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    1. When did Jesus expect the end to come?

    2. What is the desolating abomination Jesus refers

    to in Mark 13: 14?

    3. What set of events willprecede Jesus coming?

    4. When Jesus returns what signs will accompanyhim?

    5. What should his disciples (you and I) do in the

    meantime?

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    Copyright 2014 by William C. Creasy

    All rights reserved. No part of this courseaudio, video,

    photography, maps, timelines or other mediamay be

    reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic

    or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any

    information storage or retrieval devices without permission in

    writing or a licensing agreement from the copyright holder.

    29Crisis, the Olivet Discourse


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