8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

1/37

S c i e n t i f i c a n d T e c h n i c a l C o n f e r e n c e

TITLE: ECOINNOVATION AND HOLISTIC ENGINEERING FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS WITH

POSITIVE ENERGY BALANCE

Platinum Sponsor Silver Sponsor

W A T E R S E R V I C E S A N D T H E N E W E N E R G Y C H A L L E N G E S

AUTHORS: TIMUR MAMUT, ADRIAN BADEA, EDEN MAMUT

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

2/37

Scarcity of Resources - Energy & Water

Ecoinnovation

Positive Energy Balance WWTPs

Possible solutions

Experience gained at RAJA Constanta and APASERV Satu Mare

Conclusions

OUTLINE

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

3/37

WORLD POPULATION GROWTH

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

4/37

LIMITED RESOURCES

Three fourth of the planet surface area is covered with

water

Seas & oceans1,350 mil. km3 (35 g/l salt)

North & South Poles3050 mil. km3 (fresh water)

Rivers & Lakes0.4 mil. km3 (accessible fresh water)

Underground (800 m)4 mil. km3

Underground (1600 m) - 4 mil. Km3

The fresh water on the planet accounts for only 3% of thetotal amount!

The accessible fresh water resources are estimated at only

0.8 mil. Km3!!!

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

5/37

AND PROBLEMS

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

6/37

THE FUTURE

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

7/37

Water

Energy

Food

COMPLEXITY

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

8/37

PARADIGM SHIFT

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

9/37

Sustainable Development: to meet the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs

Strategy Mix:

efficiencyenhanced productivity / resource

consistencyenhanced economies embedded in the natural cycles

sufficiencynew concept of prosperity / satisfaction / material wealth

Management rules:

the use of renewable natural resources must not exceed their

regeneration rates

the use of non-renewable natural resources must not exceed the rate of

substituting their respective functions

the emissions of pollutants must not exceed naturescapability to adapt

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

10/37

The term environmental innovation, or shortly eco-innovation,

relates to innovations aiming at a decreased negative influence of

innovations on the natural environment.

Eco-innovation is the creation of novel and competitively priced

goods, processes, systems, services, and procedures designed to

satisfy human needs and provide a better quality of life for everyone

with a life-cycle minimal use of natural resources (materialsincluding energy and surface area) per unit output, and a minimal

release of toxicsubstances.

ECO-INNOVATION

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

11/37

Improved human well-being and social equity, whi le

signif icantly reducing environmental r isks and

ecological scarcities.

In its simplest expression, a green economy can be thought of as one which is

low carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive.

Practically speaking, a green economy is one whose growth in income andemployment is driven by public and private investments that reduce carbon

emissions and pollution, enhance energy and resource efficiency, and prevent

the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services.

UNEP, 2012

GREEN ECONOMY

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

12/37

ECOINNOVATING WITH WASTE

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

13/37

POLLUTION CONTROL

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

Materials

PRODUCTION

Products

Control &

Treatment

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

14/37

EXTRACTION & PROCESSING

OF RAW MATERIALS

PLANT

MANUFACTURING

PLANT OPERATION

SCRAP

RECYCLING

REPAIR &

RETROFIT

MATERIAL &

EQUIPMENT

DISPOSAL

PLANT OPERATION

LIFE CYCLE THINKING

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

15/37

CLOSED LOOP PROCESING

SEWAGE WATERS

SLUDGE

SEPARATION

CONDITIONING

WASTES SLUDGE

DIGESTING

WATERTREATMENT

Natural Environment

Minimized raw

material extraction

Minimized

waste streams

Reprocessing

Waste for recovery

Reuse

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

16/37

Wastewater and water treatment plants need a substantial amount of

electrical energy to conduct unit processes and operations.

Aeration and pumping for wastewater treatment and pumping for

water treatment are the main electrical energy users.

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has estimated that

3% of the power generated in the US is for water and wastewater

treatment.

The usage equates to 56 billion kilowatt hours (kWh), $4 billion and 45

million tons of greenhouse gas (GHG) production.

WATER & WASTEWATER SECTOR

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

17/37

ENERGY ACCOUNTING

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

18/37

ENERGY BALANCE OF WOLFGANGSEE-ISCHL TP

digester gas natural gas electricity(external)

flare

heating gas engine CHP

aeration aeration & others

0.1

7.8

7.7

0.25 2.25 5.2

4.2

0.45

9.7 1.4

0.7

4.710.4

m digester gas/(pe.a)

m CH4/(pe.a)

kWh el./(pe.a)

kWh mech./(pe.a)

energy consumption

(el.+mech.): 19.3 kWh/(pe.a)

energy demand from grid

(electr.+mech.): 5.4 kWh/(pe.a)

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

19/37

WOLFGANGSEEISCHL TP

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

20/37

COMPARATIVE CONSIDERATIONS

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

21/37

SOLUTIONS FOR SLUDGE NEUTRALIZATION

1. Three step methanisation = mineralisation of primairy sludge

(mesophylic hydrolyses, thermophylic intensive methanisation,

mesophylic post methanisation)

2. Treatment to get phosphate out with a special treatment with MgO or

MgCl

3. Maximum mechanical pressing to achieve a dry matter content of nearly

40%.

In this way we will have a mineralisation of about 2050% of the sludge, so

coming back to 64 to 40.000 tons (25%) with a better pressing going down to

40.000 to 25.000 tons/year with less drying.

Every kg of mineralised organic matter will bring us a 500 ltr of Methane, so

4000 10.000 tons reduced DM x 500 m3 methane = 20x106 tot 50 x 106

kWh brut sustainable energy.

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

22/37

COST

Detailed chemical kinetic models for cleaner combustion

Heavy metal removal from sewage sludge ash & municipal solid waste fly ash

Utilization of materials from waste flows of our society

Sewage sludge: biggest secondary Presource

combustion sewage sludge ash (SSA)

Sewage sludge ash contains:

810% phosphorus

Iron oxide, quartz sand, other matrix compounds

Heavy metals

Fly ash from MSW incineration and sewage sludge combustion contain

Matrix compounds

Organic residues (unburnt carbon)

Heavy metals

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

23/37

Sewage sludge ash

Sewage sludge - dried

Sewage sludge plant

SEWAGE SLUDGE ASH

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

24/37

FLY ASH: ORIGIN

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

25/37

HEAVY METAL RECOVERY

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

26/37

E+ METHODOLOGY IN WWTP

REDUCED ENERGY CONSUMPTIONIMPROVE EFFICIENCY OF THE

VALUE CHAIN

DEVELOP

RENEWABLE

ENERGY

SOLUTIONS

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

27/37

INTEGRATED APPROACH

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

28/37

ETERGY PLATFORM

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

29/37

CONSTANTA CASE

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

30/37

CONSTANTA CASE

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

31/37

CONSTANTA CASE

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

2009

2008Puteremedie[kW

]

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

32/37

SATU MARE CASE

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

33/37

SATU MARE CASE

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

34/37

SATU MARE CASE

WVdtu

T

u

z

T

qy

T

qx

T

qTs

fr

fr

zyxgen

2

1

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

35/37

SATU MARE CASE

Exergy

Entropy

ETopt

ECEC

EfoprE*CEC

E*fopr

Sgenopt

S*genopt

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

36/37

WWTPs of the futurewastewater processing plants

E+ WWTPs have been already demonstrated

Energy efficiency is expensive

Eco-innovation towards Ecosystem centered engineering

The need for adequate policies

The need for high performance management of the plants

CONCLUSIONS

8/10/2019 14. Eden Mamut ARA 2013

37/37