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8/7/2019 14 Total Internal Reflection
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TOTAL INTERNALREFLECTIONTopic 14: Light
PreparedbyCgEdnaMariaHjOsman.E-ma
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
A Review
Allthelighttravelingthroughanopticallydensermediumisreflectedinternallyatthepointofincidence.
PreparedbyCgEdnaMariaHjOsman.E-ma
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8/7/2019 14 Total Internal Reflection
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
Critical Angle, c
Theangleofincidenceforwhichtheangleofrefractionintheopticallylessde
nsemediumis90degrees.
r = 90o
i = c
air
optically dense
medium
PreparedbyCgEdnaMariaHjOsman.E-mail:[email protected]
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Glass has a critical angle of 42 .
What does this sentence means?
o
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
Relationship between Critical Angle and Refractive Index
r = 90o
i = c
n = sin i
sin rSo then,
n =
sin c
sin 90o
right ?
air
optically dense
medium
PreparedbyCgEdnaMariaHjOsman.E-mail:[email protected]
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8/7/2019 14 Total Internal Reflection
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
Relationship between Critical Angle and Refractive Index
n 1
sin c
=
PreparedbyCgEdnaMariaHjOsman.E-mail:[email protected]
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Glass has a critical angle of 42 .o
Calculate the refractive index ofthis glass. Pr
eparedbyCgEdnaMariaHjOsman.E-mail:[email protected]
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
in Diamonds
PreparedbyCgEdnaMariaHjOsman.E-mail:edna.maria.osman@gmai
l.com
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
in SLR Cameras
PreparedbyCg
EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-mail:edna.maria.osman@gmai
l.com
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
in Binoculars
PreparedbyCg
EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-mail:edna.maria.osman@gmai
l.com
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
in Periscope
PreparedbyCg
EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-mail:[email protected]
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
in Rear Reflectors of Cars & Cycles
PreparedbyCg
EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-mail:[email protected]
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONin Optical Fibres
Thin, flexible, transparent fibers that act as a
waveguide, or "light pipe".
Transmitlightbetweenthetwoendsofthefibre
PreparedbyCg
EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-mail:[email protected]
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONin Optical Fibres
A central glass core of high refractive index coated
with a thin layer of low refractive index glass.
Basic
struct
ure
PreparedbyCg
EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-mail:[email protected]
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONin Optical Fibres
A light ray entering the optical fibre is totally
internally reflected if its angle of incidence is greater
than the critical angle of the optical fibre.
PreparedbyCg
EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-mail:[email protected]
N
N N
i > ci > c i > c
C C
C
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONCurrent uses of Optical Fibres
In the bronchoscope, endoscopes, laproscopes.
Used by doctors and surgeons to view internal organs
through body orifices and small key hole incisions.
Medical ImagingPreparedbyCg
EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-mail:[email protected]
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONCurrent uses of Optical Fibres
Inspecting mechanical welds in pipes and engines
(airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, cars etc).
Mechanical ImagingPreparedbyCg
EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-mail:[email protected]
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONCurrent uses of Optical Fibres
Inspecting water and sewage pipes for blockages and
fractures
PlumbingPreparedbyCg
EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-m
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONCurrent Uses of Optical Fibres
Transmission of telephone calls & video calls,
tv broadcasts, internet and data transfer.
TelecommunicationsPreparedbyCg
EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-m
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONAdvantages of using Optical Fibres over Copper cables.
Less
expensive
Less signal
degradation
Higher data
carrying capacity
Uses less power to
transmit signals
Thinner
PreparedbyCg
EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-m
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONAdvantages of using Optical Fibres over Copper cables.
No electrical
interferenceNon-flamable
Ideal for
transmittingdigital signalsLightweight
Flexible
PreparedbyCg
EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-m
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONConstructing the light path inside the fibre optics
PreparedbyCg
EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-m
Given an incident ray entering the optical fibre,
draw the normal line at the point of incidence.
N
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONConstructing the light path inside the fibre optics
PreparedbyCg
EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-m
Light ray is moving
from less optically dense to optically denser medium,
the light ray will bend towards the normal.
N
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONConstructing the light path inside the fibre optics
PreparedbyCg
EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-m
If the refractive index of the fibre optic is given,
use a protractor to measure the angle of incidence,
use Snells law to calculate the angle of refraction and
then carefully draw the refracted light ray.
N
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONConstructing the light path inside the fibre optics
PreparedbyCg
EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-m
Inside, the refracted ray now hits the boundary
between the two layers of glass.
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONConstructing the light path inside the fibre optics
PreparedbyCg
EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-m
N
Draw the normal line again at the point of incidence.
It should be perpendicular to the surface boundary.
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONConstructing the light path inside the fibre optics
PreparedbyCg
EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-m
N
i > c
Use a protractor to measure the angle of incidence.
If the angle of incidence > critical angle
Total Internal Reflection occurs instead of refraction.
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONConstructing the light path inside the fibre optics
PreparedbyCg
EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-m
ail:edna.maria.osman@gma
il.com
N
i
In reflection, angle of incidence = angle of reflection
Use a protractor to carefully measure out the angle of
reflection and construct the reflected light ray.
r
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONConstructing the light path inside the fibre optics
PreparedbyCgEdnaMariaHjOsman.E-m
ail:edna.maria.osman@gma
il.com
N
N N
i > c
i > c i > cC CC
Repeat the steps until the light reaches the end of the
optical fibre.
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONConstructing the light path inside the fibre optics
PreparedbyCgEdnaMariaHjOsman.E-m
ail:edna.maria.osman@gma
il.com
Draw the normal line at the point of incidence.
N
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONConstructing the light path inside the fibre optics
PreparedbyCgEdnaMariaHjOsman.E-m
ail:edna.maria.osman@gma
il.com
Light ray is moving
from optically dense to less optically dense medium.
Light ray will bend away from the normal.
N
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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONConstructing the light path inside the fibre optics
PreparedbyCgEdnaMariaHjOsman.E-m
ail:edna.maria.osman@gma
il.com
N
N N
Your ray diagram may look something like this!
N
N
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