Report on the TIGO-ProjectConcepcin - Chile

2002-2014

Hayo Hase, Michael HfnerBKG

Motivation for the TIGO-Project

1984 NASA Crustal Dynamics Project proofs theory of continental plate tectonics by static and mobile SLR and VLBI platforms

1989 German Research Group on Satellite Geodesy (FGS) proposes a mobile integrated geodetic measuring platform in its research program 1990-1995

1992-1997 funds for the construction of the Transportable Integrated Geodetic Observatory (TIGO) had been made available by German Ministery of Interior (25 million Mark 12.5 million Euro).

Construction of TIGO at Wettzell1994-1999

Summer 1996

Winter 1996

TIGO staff: 2Wettzell staff: ~25

Call for participation 1999

proposed sites for TIGOCL: Antofagasta, Santiago, Concepcion, AR: Cordoba, Buenos Aires, BR: Brasilia, Fortaleza

IN: Bangalore, ID: Jakarta, Yogyakarta, PH: Manila

2000-01-15 FGS Decision on Reconnaissance Report

Shortlist Cordoba, + most continental point in the South, best

infrastructure available Bangalore, + best qualified staff Concepcin, + most southern point, best improvement

for existing network, 11 staff provided Decision in favour of Concepcin

2000-2001 Engineering Tasks

Selection and definition of TIGO-site measuring RFI conditions, absence of artificial light, no vibrations

in the ground by traffic, near airport, internet access Construction of access road (2000) Design and Construction of platform (2000-2001)

2000: access road, 2,5 km

2001: platform

2000-2001 Administrative Tasks

Editing of a diplomatic note (2000-2001) Approval of diplomatic note by Chilean

government, Decree 489, published in Diario Oficial de la Repblica de Chile, 29.11.2001

2002-01-15 Llegada de TIGO en el puerto de Lirqun

2002 Installation of TIGO at platform

February 2002installation of radio telescope by TIGO staff

June 2002VLBI and SLR operation has started

Mission of the Geodetic Observatory

The mission of TIGO is the realization of terrestial reference points in the space and time domain and in the gravitational field of Earth.

regionalGPSnetworkandtidegauge

gravitymeterseismometer

SLRopticaltelescope

VLBIradiotelescopemeteorological

sensors

GNSSantenna atomic

clocks

offices

What was achieved in 2002-2014?

Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI)

contributestointerferometricobservationsofquasarsatthelimitoftheuniverse

networkstationoftheInternationalVLBIService(IVS)

ProductsofIVS: Earthorientationparameters

foranykindofspaceactivities

monitoringofglobalchange continentaltectonic celestialreferencesystem

6m radio telescope, primary focus, offset

Number of 24h IVS SessionsExp. 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total

R1 29 48 41 37 48 40 25 45 40 40 49 51 13 506

R4 - 25 23 43 44 50 49 46 46 40 52 47 16 481

E3 6 8 11 11 5 - - - - - - - - 41

T2 2 1 8 5 2 2 7 7 7 1 2 4 - 48

OHIG 2 6 7 3 4 7 7 5 3 5 5 6 - 60

RDV 3 5 3 5 3 2 - - - 1 - - - 22

RV - 10 - - - 7 6 8 4 4 8 3 - 50

CONT - - - 29 - - 12 - - 15 - - - 56

TQ - - - - - - - - 5 - - - - 5

Total 42 103 93 133 106 108 106 111 105 106 116 111 29 1,269

1,269 VLBI sessions = 247,723 individual quasar observations

Importance of TIGO for the IVS

TANAMI: Most accurate image of a black hole with TIGO-data

optical image image by VLBI R. Ojha et al. 2010 A&A 519, 45

TANAMI (Tracking Active Galactic Nuclei with Austral Milliarcsecond Interferometry) is a multiwavelength program to monitor relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei (AGN)of the Southern Sky.

http://pulsar.sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de/tanami/

EXPRES:OpeningCeremonyoftheInternationalYearofAstronomy2009,Jan15/16UNESCO,Paris

TIGOwastheonlyparticipantinSouthAmericaprovidingastronomicaldatainrealtime.

EC-FP6: EXPRES-Project(Express Production of Real-Time eVLBI Service)

EXPRES: Observation of SMART-1

SMART1crashonthemoonobservedbyTIGO

2006090301:42:22UT

SmallMissionsforAdvancedResearchinTechnology

firstlunamissionofESAError:2cm

4th IVS General Meeting 2006

hosted by UdeC 75 participants from

17 countries biannual most

important conference on VLBI for geodesy and astrometry

Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR)

measurestimeintervalsoflaserpulsesdirectedtosatellites

networkstationoftheInternationalLaserRangingService(ILRS)

ProductsofILRS: satelliteorbits positionofthecenterofmassof

Earth geoid calibrationserviceofaltimeter

satellitesandatomicclocksatnavigationsatellites

lasersystem,100Hz,15mJ,40ps

opticaltelescope,50cmaperture

SLR Productivity by year

HEO: High Earth Orbiting, >6,000 km altitudeLAGEOS: Laser Geodynamics Satellite, ~6,000 km altitudeLEO: Low Earth Orbiting,

SLR Productivity by monthnu

mbe

r of

mea

sure

d sa

telli

te p

asse

s

month

SLR-observations are possible through-out the year, even during winter time.

Oldsystem NewsystemProblems

new

SLR-Laser System Upgrade 2006

SLR-Laser System Upgrade 2006

before upgrade, 10Hz after upgrade, 100Hz

=> improvement of precision by a factor of 2

FieldmaintenanceoftheSLRtelescopeatTIGOSeptember2008

transmissionpropertiesofthelasertelescopehavedegradedovertime

surfacedegradation,damagesofantireflectioncoatings

largeprismsinopticalpathmadeobservationincreasinglydifficult

eachprismhasindividualdesignandacomplexmechanicalmount

changeofCoudprismsnecessary

Options:a)technicalservicebymanufacturerb)doityourselfinChile

Settingupanopticalworkshopintheopenfield

FieldmaintenanceoftheSLRtelescopeatTIGO

creatingacleanroomenvironmentintheoutside

Liftingupthetelescopeforremovalandinstallationofprisms

FieldmaintenanceoftheSLRtelescopeatTIGO(2008)

makingaccesstotheprismspossible

RealignmentoftheCoudopticalpath

FieldmaintenanceoftheSLRtelescopeatTIGO(2008)

workinglikethemanufacturerdidwhenthetelescopewasbuilt

First findings by SLR from TIGOGalileo 101: 27.11.11-02:45 UTCGalileo 102: 29.11.11-10:15 UTC

orbital height: 23.230 kmposition: ~4 cm

Heroes SLR:Victor Mora

Marcos Avendao

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)

continuous monitoring of the position of the antenna

2 network stations CONZ and CONT of the International GNSS Service (IGS)

Products of IGS: reference system for GIS and

catastre monitoring of regional

tectonic meteorological predictions NTRIP real time geodetic

network

permanent station CONZ

CONZ

2005-2011> 2011

GNSS Setup TIGO

CONZ Time Series pre-Earthquake

rate: 35mm/adirection: NE

2010-02-27 M8.8 Earthquakeseen by CONZ

30 s

3,0 m

1. Earthquake started with north-east movement.

2. Displacement of 3 meter towards south-west direction during 30 seconds.

3. Seismic waves with amplitudes of up to 50 cm.

1. 2. 3.

east

north

height

each data point = 1 second

3 different phases

This data set is of historicalimportance in earthquake science.

CONZ Time Series post-Earthquake

CONZ post-EarthquakeTrace of Walk

one dot represents one week of GNSS data

With the conservation of CONZ as a permanent station, for the first timethe entire seismic cycle of Concepcin could be monitored.

RedGeodsicadeControl

RegionalGPS

Bulnes

SantaJuana

PuntaFaroHualpn

TIGO

Dichato

37,63 kms

34,53 kms

TIGORegionalGPSNetworkinstallationcompleted2009

1supgradeandremoteaccesspending

2004

2007

2009

2008

2002

operational since September 2004

operationalsinceSeptember2004antenna

receiver

bedrock

TIGO GPS Permanent StationPunta Faro Hualpen

Tidegauge

GPSantenna

TIGO GPS Permanent StationDichato

operationalsinceOctober2007

TIGO GPS Permanent StationBulnes

operationalsinceApril2008

TIGO GPS Permanent StationSanta Juana

operationalsinceJanuary2009

TIGO Regional GNSS Network

took too long to be setup due to many difficulties finding a suitable site (stable, secure, no multi-path) contractual situation (IGM-ESSBIO)

was too difficult to maintain GNSS equipment obsolete (high energy consumption,

no internet access, no battery buffer) many power outages decreasing manpower second car needed

disassembled after earthquake Feb 27, 2010

RedGeodsicadeControl

RegionalGPS

Bulnes

SantaJuana

PuntaFaroHualpn

TIGO

Dichato

37,63 kms

34,53 kms

TIGORegionalGPSNetworkinstallationcompleted2009

1supgradeandremoteaccesspending

2004

2007

2009

2008

2002

CorenetworkfortheObservatorioTerritorial

ofthe8thRegionandshallbeenlargedby

15moremeasuringsites.

ObservatorioTerritorialparaunDesarrolloRegionalSustentable

InitiativeofRegionalGovernmentwithUdeCtosetupanewregionalinfrastructurefor

cadastre

regionalplanning

monitoringofnaturalhazardsandearlywarning

RegionalGovernmentsuggestedtopromotesuchapilotprojectduetothepresenceofTIGOinthe8thRegion

TIGOstaffparticipatedandconsultedinmanymeetingsduring2008

Time & Frequency Laboratory

permanent monitoring of local frequency standards and adjustments using satellite methods

approved time laboratory for the Universal Time Service of the time section of the BIPM

Products: realization of the local

time scale Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) with highest precision

3 cesium standards 3 H-maser standards

2 GPS stationsfor time transfer

1ns

TIGO owns the most precise clocks of Chile

error of 1s in 300.000 years.

error of 1s in30.000.000 aos.

Circular T: Deviation of UTC(TCC)

Relative and Absolute Gravimetry

in-situ monitoring of the gravitational field of the Earth

only reference point in Latin America of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP)

network station of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS)

Products: Earth tides absolute g

super conducting gravity meter SG38only instrument in Latin America

absolute gravity meter FG5g=9,7992406975m/s

Gravity results at TIGO

Local Survey 2003 vs. 2012

space vectors between the main geodetic reference points are measured in a local geodetic network and necessary to combine VLBI, SLR, GNSS and also gravimetry

local survey needs periodical repetitions

local survey was done twice by experts from Wettzell: 2003 and 2012

Reference points of local geodetic network at the TIGO site. Arrows indicate the reference point motion between the two epochs 2003 and 2012.

Complementary Sensors

MeteorologyMeteorology

air temperature

air relative humidity

air pressure

wind direction

wind velocity

solar radiation

dew point

rain quantity

water vapour (only until 2006)

Hydrology soil moisture

ground water level

Others seismometer

borehole tiltmeter

10m meteorology mast according to theChilean meteorological service (>2008)

Temperature Min/Max at TIGO

Air Pressure Min/Max at TIGO

Human Resources

14 TIGO technical staff (3+5+3+2+1) according to Decree 489

administrator and concierge are necessary TIGO had a high fluctuation of staff due to low

sallaries 67 Chilean individuals have been trained in the

different aspects of TIGO (one of the goals of scientific-technical cooperation!)

Total number of staff vs. time

28 = peak number in April 2008

(advanced internships of visiting students not included)

Fulfillment of Decree 489

BKG: 154/156 = 98.7%, Chile: 29/156 = 18.6%

Challenges

understaffing, low income, no-incentives, no promotions of TIGO-staff required extremely good working atmosphere teamwork oriented spirit motivating leadership skills

sensibilisation of decision makers for a non-profite global infrastructure project

finding trustworthy alies in a distrusting society managing the TIGO-project and satisfying German and

Chilean needs at the same time

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