142175417-consumer-s-awareness-towards-their-ethical-rights.pdf

8/10/2019 142175417-consumer-s-awareness-towards-their-ethical-rights.pdf

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CHAPTER NO .1

INTRODUCTION

Background

Ethics are the set of values that shape the decisions and

create organization. Keen ethics in marketing this shown

the applying of principles intentionally, that offenses

or moral values, and wrongs, for marketing resolution, andcreating behavior, that place into practice in an

organization. Ethics were a branch of philosophy, which

addresses questions about honesty, that all will be about

concepts that were good or bad, right and wrong, fairness,

and good worth. arketing Ethics addresses the direct

ethical questions, and misunderstandings or challenges,

which raised though the important marketing as ethical

activity !urphy, "##"$.

arketing ethics was some like a fieldwhich could be seen

as on the way under the area, of so that the ethical issues

were frequently near to linked, with the official ones and

also the procedure of public policy, got with the marketers

that annoyed to unethical behavior. %his research was

required to cross the point between ethical and societalquestions. %his was the ma&or assessment, of the marketing

effort to society.

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%he criticism and problems they recognized, and then they

gave a file of the topics, which were given to the

marketing ethics, that were the values of the marketing

structure, of the consumer privileges product safety

personal selling. arketing scholars could help for

delineated the areas, which were related within the

business and society ground !'errel, "##($.

Ethics was an area of interest which was among researchers,

within the business follower, investor, many years. )n

these marketing researchers, that have been studied ethics

to describe, and e*plained, to the predicted behavior. +othe ethics were distinctions between the right, and wrong.

usinesses are confronted with ethical decision making,

every day and whether employees decided to used ethics as a

guiding force, when conducting business that was something,

that business leaders such as managers. arketers are

ethically responsible for the marketed image, and also the

image that a product portrayed. +o the marketers had to

understand, that what good ethics were, and how to practice

those good ethics in different marketing campaigns, and had

to reached a targeted audience and to gain trust from

customers !+mith, -$.

'undamentally marketing ethics were not limited, to the

ground of marketing only this had control over the fields

of the life, and the most importantly, structure ofsocially leading identities for people, and the influencing

the people, is the morally important perceptions of other

people, and if they can give to those perceptions or

interactions, going seriously wrong those activities had

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behave on basic ethical questions !/aul, "##$.

Problem Identiication

%he previous research studies are conducted to find out the

role of organization, in creation of consumer0s awareness,

regarding their ethical rights, in promotional activities

but its role in /akistani conte*t is ignored. )n /akistan,

ethical marketing is a very new endeavor, as most of the

companies1organizations, and consumers as well do not

comprehend, the importance of ethics, in the field of

marketing. 2n one hand the consumers are unaware, of their

ethical rights, and on the other hand companies do not know

their ethical responsibilities. %his research thesis is an

attempt, to know consumers perception, about the

promotional activities as !are they affected or not$.

Problem !tatement

%his study tries to identify the consumer0s awareness,

towards their ethical rights, and the organization0s

responsibilities, towards their customers.

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Re"earc# $ue"tion

what is the level of consumer awareness of their

ethical rights in product consumption3

4re the organizations fulfilling the responsibility

towards their customers with reference to the

ethical business practices3

Rationale o t#e "tud%

)n business, 5onesty and truth in information is of

critical importance. %he customer needs to be sure that

he1she can rely, on the information provided by the

company, if there is any chance of having a good client6

business relationship. )n promotion, honesty can help

negate, bad publicity. )nstead of falsely denying claims

against it, a business can patch up its image by changing

what0s wrong and letting its customers, know about these

positive changes. %here has been no general issue, but this

study will try to make an opinion ,that how an 2rganization

can improve their promotional activities, with adding up

with the ethics the ma&or enefit of this research, is to

aware consumers, that what are their ethical rights,

towards the /romotion of different products according to

their culture, as well and aware different 2rganization

about their ethical responsibilities, regarding their

customers and also the promoters should be aware of the

ethical issues towards marketing 2f promotional activities.

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Ob&ecti'e o t#e "tud%

%he key ob&ective of this research is to recognize the role

of organization in creation of consumer0s awareness

regarding their ethical rights in promotional activities.

%he brief ob&ectives of this study are penned as below7

%o evaluate the level of consumer awareness regarding

their ethical rights.

%o evaluate the level of organizations regarding

responsibility towards customers.

%o evaluate the role of ethics in promotional

activities in /akistan.

!co(e o t#e "tud%

%his study is associated with the role of organization, in

creation of consumer0s awareness regarding their ethical

rights, in promotional activities. +o this research paper

is focusing on the employees, 8 customer of various

advertising,agencies,)nterflow,9:%,Ericson,.comm,advertisi

ng,idsa,4dd flow, 4dd, group, orient, media, channel ;,

having age group ranging from "# years to onwards.

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)imitation"


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Theoretical Framework

)ndependent >ariables ariable

7

?onsumer awareness

towards their ethical

rights

2rganizational

responsibilitytowards consumers

/romotional

activities


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H%(ot#e"i"

5#7 2rganization0s responsibility towards consumers has

significant impact on creation of consumers0 awareness

regarding their ethical rights.

5-7 2rganization0s responsibility towards consumers has no

significant impact on creation of consumers0 awareness

regarding their ethical rights.

5#7 =ights has a significant impact on promotional

activities of the organization.

5"7 =ights has no significant impact on promotional

activities of the organization.

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CHAPTER NO. *

)ITERATURE RE+IE,

arketing ethics were some what that practices the ethics

which deals with, ethical values that were at the back of

the systems, and the rules of the marketing. %he various

areas of the marketing ethics, that promote promotion cover

with media ethics. +o the arketing ethics were the ethical

principles, which narrate the marketing. %he arketing

ethics came under age of the -#s , %his was the important

attention that was loyal to this topic !gilberts, "###$.

)n the last decade the academic and the business press was

not longer e*traordinary to observe, those published

articles, which were e*amined by the academic details, and

e*perimental results, from the topic. %his field then moved

from the earlier thought as on o*ymoron stage, to one of

academic power. +o that association occurred on the e*cess

of the fairly short period of time. /reviously articles on

the ethical issues in a marketing showed up, in the -@#s

and also the part of thoughtful essays .%his premature

empirical work deals with that decision6making process,

which tended to be the undersized, of the speculative

foundation. +o in this =esearch the belief of the marketing

ethics decided, to be sustained in the -;#s that is with

another work on this sub&ect !Ayon, "##"$.

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)n the time of -B#s a most important research was devoted

to the e*ploratory of ethics in marketing !Aaczniak, -C$.

E*periment onthe state of the marketing ethics research at

the time when it was completely lift up characterized, as

that they having a broader of treatment greater educational

visibility, and the e*panding theoretical, and empirical

foundation. %hese are the reviews which were came under to

had same captured the rank of the marketing ethics, that

were the focal spot, on this .%his were all about the

completion of the research, and the practices in marketing

in surplus of the last decade.

%he relative need of normative articles, reflected the

difficulty in creating the non6controversially, ultimate

ethical valuation, of marketing decisions and practices0 so

for the both of these was consistently significant. %his

was ?onsider to be the considerable, physical, and fiscal

spoil that could be the consequence from the unethical

decisions, and also knew about the product safety, the

truth in promotion, and fair dealing, in pricing. %he

reviews of those decisions were as the ethical or

unethical, in the result by individuals, that inflated by

the decision, and the public policy makers, that may be

improved informed by echo theories, 2f normative marketing

ethics !?ahill, "##($.

%he positive developments in marketing ethics, in recent

years contained appreciation, of the variation between the

both of the normative1descriptive and analytical work, in

this position. %his ethics concerned with formulating the

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vital ethical values, that where the descriptive ethics,

concerned with the logical studies, of ethics by communal

scientists, with usual and business press treatments, of

marketing issues. 4nd y this it includes with the purpose

of the works, which look at the vital ethical marketing,

concepts and the values that were the marketers that should

be aware about being ethical. 'or this it would be classify

a number of this hard work as normative. %he variation

between these both empirical and theoretical were a normal

definition of ethics study and one of which had lead to be

important argument in e*acting of the pages of usiness

Ethics periodically which will not be the openly e*aminedhere !+inghapakdi,"##B$.

Dormative ethical theories had the correct based ethics

that have been restricted from some of the debates in the

earlier years where as huge theoretical paradigms appeared

in the -#s. 4 model of marketing ethics that based upon

the &ob and it claims that the adopting the more gentle

scope reading for this marketing was an opportunity that

had to be an ethical, organizer in organization !%hompson,

-($

:hen in this field the stakeholders came into a discussion,

that to resolved the ordinary dilemmas that were more in

positive outcomes that were apparent. %he ma&ority recently

integrative social contracts, theory that had planned asthe giving that of logical structure for resolving that

ethical issues, which could be occurred cross wise in

multiple communities, and where as the theoretical

proposals came up from the different philosophical that

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they had broadened the normative base for marketing ethics.

Dormative ethical theory that e*pected considerable

awareness, during the -#s, was virtue ethics. %his

elaborated on the applicability of good value .marketing

mi* variables were using that theory for selling, the

formula in that developed countries .%heir they /ro&ected a

structure, to put together good value ethics into marketing

theory, and established its applicability in case study

!Kirk, "##-$.

'ocus on the :hile difficult to operationally, the focus onthe good value that were showed, a theory that notify the

marketing0 in view of the fact that personal decision were

significant, in making appropriate ethical decisions. %here

can be an vital call for to change, the priority and also

to accept those services that supported the wealth, over

the worldwide interests and as to strengthened the primary

values, that came form the starting point of human

civilization, that every one over the planet concerned and

had high vision for everyone, and also for the natural

environment, patience and harmony, and even the search of

peace. %he world agreement was welcomed as peoples0 paper

on condition that an ethical framework similarly the

appropriate to guiding the choices of the persons,

companies and states.

arketing the area which regularly viewed as fundamentally,

unethical but this was the fact that governed by rule, and

values of behavior &ust like any other field. /eople who

actively work in the marketing field, were pro&ected to

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study and put up with the ethical standards, of the

industry, and academics concerned in the study of marketing

also looked at how ethics were applied. )n this study

marketing ethics focused in the region of two most

important concerns, that one was from political philosophy,

and the other one was from business dealings practice. %he

view from the political side, it was argued that ethics in

marketing was growing the profit, for the depositors and

where as it argued that market was responsible for all of

the consumers. 5ere %he ethical concern of the targeting

sections were for the spending of outmoded, or risky

products, and also for that services, which were seeingthrough the basis of labor statement, regarding reasonable

treatment, and reasonable pay to all of the employees and

see6through about the environmental risks, of the ethical

issues that related to product ,or service, which being

clear regarding the ingredients that were being used, in

the products or service, and they use hereditarily adapted

organisms ,at ease source coded in the case of software

appropriate category, which the ethics of statement of the

risks in using the product, or services, health risks or in

financial risks and protection risks etc .

%he ethical responsibilities of any marketers in

observational research, that defending stakeholders from

the ethical research agreemented. %his research was for a

marketing purpose, which wants to be seen to hold to e*actethical practice, due to the direct border which had with

the public. even though there were a accessible

frameworks, and codes which deals with ethics of

research which had a new technology. %hat makes gaps in

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code%20%5C%20Source%20codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code%20%5C%20Source%20code


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procedure, and practice, for marketing researchers.

arketers0 responsibility, had to defend stakeholders,

e*aggerated by their actions, that were recognized but the

most of the service employees were uncovered stakeholders,

who were frequently ignored by ethical guidelines. ethics

in marketing research in relative to retail observational

research, the conflicts, and challenges , ethical

responsibility, presented to be continue, in the e*tended

run as well as efficient and effective may be ensured.

)n general the most unkind accuses regarding this lack of

ethics were to be advertising from the group which ofmarketing communication techniques and this was the one

which were with the highest degree of treatment of

consumer0s awarded. %his was used by organization, to send

messages with the use of moving some answers of perceptual

in the targeted public. %he advertising had e*act

functions, it informs the public inspiration, in primary

demand, that had persuades consumers, ne*t to creation of a

selective demand, and it creates comparisons, with the goal

of providing the advantage and to maintain consumer0s

interest, for trademarks and products. 4nd this had a

series of characteristics that present certain specificity

and make known controversies about the ethics.

%he literatures of this marketing ethics were

differentiating, between the both of the descriptiveapproaches, and normative approaches. far as the


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population0s .Dormative approaches make out proper values,

and the methods that offer reason for the &udgments, that

what was the right one and wrong. Dormative marketing

ethics concerned with the prescribed, what managers should

had to perform and when they faced with the ethical issue.

+o %he =eviews of the marketing ethics literature e*plain

that there were significant quantities of descriptive

contributions but far6off less normative contributions.

%he Ethical questions arises here, because the sales

presentation was the most usual system, by which marketing

council could evaluated performance , pressures which couldbe e*isted in dilemmas of the ethics. where as the pressuring

vendors holded to purchased e*tra, than their wants and

approaching stuff, that resulted in higher commissions that

were temptations, where all of the arketing ethics overlaps,

with the natural ethics, in respect of desecrated problems

that linked with covering of products.

2n the increasing number of people they created their use

decisions on the source of ethical values, such as

environmentally friendly products, and production methods,

Ethical consumerism were growing fact that underpins the

ethical trade activities.

)n the market place the arketers should be alerted with

the ethical principles, and the acceptable behavior. +o bythat, the knowledge means marketers must be famoused, with

the viewpoints of those three groups of actors, the firs

will be the company then the industry, and then society.

%hese more or less had a diverse need and wants, and

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ethical clashes, that were e*pected to occur. %he Ethical

variations between those three needs that were mentioned,

was the company, the industry, and the society, so by those

the conflict may arised. 4nd then that ethical conflict

take place, when one0s private value clash with the

organization.

2n the other hand the other case of the clash of concernis

a possible outcome. %he most commonly clash arised with the

organizations occurs, when an organizer in the company

seeks private achieve, from fake advertising. %he vital

diseases were of one type product, which falls under thatcategory of ethical clash i.e. )n their abandon to create a

ma*imum profit, and a marketer influence those, who may be

vanished from not curable disease, and should to buy a

product, that cannot a heal, but a serious one may decided

to buy an attempt to place aside that dying family member

despair.

Ethical issues were in front of the marketing

professional0s that were in this time falls under one of

three categories. %hose +tandards for the ethical

marketing, the guidelines in the effort of the business,

were too ended with the right thing. +o they were indulging

in ethical marketing. 4s for the ethical marketing this

should be the reminder for all marketing decisions, and

hard work, that were important for gathering and came upwith the desires of the customers, suppliers and business

partners. +o the Ethical behavior pushed up all throughout

the company cultured, and in the course of company

practices. Ethics are our belief about what is right and

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wrong. 4lthough these beliefs may vary from one individual

to another or one company, to another ethics and business

responsibility.

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CHAPTER NO. 3

-ETHOD

!am(le

%he sample size selection was random with an aim to achieve

the most satisfactory results. %he human characteristics

were evenly balanced to reflect the fair result produced by

the study. %he design of the questionnaire allowed the

respondents, to participate in the research process easily.

%he sample population for this study was the consumer0s

organizations and the promoters. %he sample size for the

study was -((. %he questionnaire was submitted directly to

employees and customers of different companies in

)slamabad.

In"trument and -ea"ure"

/rimary research and secondary research was the two key

research sources for this research. +econdary research was

comprised of already published research papers, books and

magazine articles. %he questionnaire was adopted from an

already published research to make it convenient and

reliable !flipo, "##C$ ethics and marketing academics

e*press stiff critics$. 4 history of facilitated

communication7 +cience, pseudoscience, and ant science$.

%he questionnaire was related from the literature7 ethics

in the marketing. %he instrument that was used by this

questionnaire is a five6point Aikert scale. )t was

distributed among the consumers and different organizations

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involved in promotional activities. /eople provided and

e*pressed their perceptions on a wide range of statements

by means of a five6point Aikert scale. %heir responses

ranged from strongly agree to strongly disagree. %he

questionnaire will be divided into two parts. %he first

part asked participants that are about the ethics in the

product consumption. %he second part of the questionnaire

is related to the issues of ethics. )t asked customers

about the importance of ethics in the marketing and

promotion of different products.

Procedure

Fpon acquisition of data from the various organizations,

the analysis was carried out in the statistical package for

social sciences program !+/++$. %he feedback of the

respondents was quantitatively analyzed by assigning the

numerical values and these were specifically added to the

statistical tool for management +ciences +oftware !+/++$.

%his software helped to analyze different statistical

inferences and analysis. %his study was taken into account

the hypothesis testing and other statistical tools related

to research. ased upon the discussion of these statistics

a conclusion was drawn and a recommendation was proposed.

=egression was used to analyze the variables and their

impact on each other.

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CHAPTER NO.

RE!U)T AND DI!CU!!ION

De"cri(ti'e "tati"tic"

ean+td.


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?orrelations

?ustomerG4warenessGreagrding

2rgG=es /roGactivi

/earso

n?orrelation

?ustomerG4warenessG

reagrding

-.### #.(#( #.CH-

2rgG=es #.(#( -.### #.(H/roGactivi #.CH- #.(H -.###

+ig.!-6tailed$

?ustomerG4warenessGreagrding

. #.### #.###

2rgG=es #.### . #.###/roGactivi #.### #.### .

D ?ustomerG4warenessGreagrding

-(( -(( -((

2rgG=es -(( -(( -((

/roGactivi -(( -(( -((

%he co6efficient of correlation between the dependent and

the independent variable shows the following trends.

-. %here is a positive relation between the customer

awareness regarding their ethical rights and

organization responsibility towards their customers,

the e*act value i.e. !.(#($ shows a weak but positive

relationship.

". /ositive relationship between customer awareness

towards their ethical rights and promotional

activities and the e*act value that is !.CH-$ shows

weak but positive relationship.

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Model Summary(b)

Model R R Square

Adjusted R

Square Std. Error of the Estimate

1 .505(a) 0.255 0.251 0.3484

a. !redi"tors# ($o%sta%t)& 'rRes*o%si+ilit,b. ariable7 customer awareness regarding their

ethical rights.

%he standard error of estimate regression line active by

drawing dependent and independent variables is #.CH.

:hich shows less scattering of the data points around the

regression line3 +o the data is not disperse as the value is

closer to zero = square is coefficient of determination. %he

value of r square is ."(- which shows that the regression

line is not a perfect estimate of the variable.

ostly I=0 square lies between #J- and actually it measures

only the strength of the linear relation between variable.

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ANO+A/b0

odel+um of+quares df

ean+quare ' +ig.

- =egression @.CB" - @.CB" (".H;C .###!a$

=esidual -B.@#B -(C #.-""%otal "H.# -(H

a. /redictors7 !?onstant$, 2rgG=esponisibilty.b. ariable7 customer awareness regarding theirethical rights

%he critical value alpha is generally set at #.( the value

coming under sig column , it indicates .### which is less

then the critical value. :hich implies that the effects are

found to be significant .this simply implies that themean .differences more then would be e*pected by chance.

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Coefficient(a)

Model

-%sta%dardied$oeffi"ie%ts

Sta%dardied$oeffi"ie%ts

/ Si.

$orrelatio%s

Std.Error eta !art

Std.Error

1 ($o%sta%t)1.508 0.13 11.10 0.000

'rRes 0.3 0.051 0.505 .244 0.000 0.505 0.505 0.505

)t determines which of the values of independent variables

are most important for determining dependent variable are

most important for determining dependent variable as per

the results the standard cooefient !beta$come out to be

!.(#$.

:hich shows the moderate positive relationship between

dependent and independent variables.

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Reidual Statitic(a)

Mi%imum Maimum Mea%Std.

eiatio% 6

!redi"ted 7alue 1.38 3.104 2.410 0.2035 155

Residual 0.3888 1.0334 0.00000 0.341 155

Std. !redi"ted 7alue 2.14 3.12 0.000 1.000 155

Std. Residual 2.2 2.5 0.000 0. 155

a. e*e%de%t 7aria+le# $ustomerA9are%essreardi%

%his is the observable estimate of the statistical

error. %he table shows the residual statisticregarding the predicted value, standard predicted

value and the standard residual value. %here is no

residual standard observed in mean.

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C#art"

I2URE .1

%he 'igure H.- reveals the standard deviation of the

>ariables that are 2rganizational responsibilities towards

their customers, /romotional activities, and ?ustomer

4wareness regarding their Ethical rights which is #.;,

and combined mean of all variables, that is ".B@. )f we

measure up to " sigma ,it will cover (L of the responses

and if measured up to C, standard deviation from combined

mean of all variables, more than L of the responses are

covered. )t further reveals that most of the respondents up

to (L were agreed that the organizations are responsible

and the promotional activities enable and aware the

consumer regarding their ethical rights in consumption and

purchase of the products being advertise and offer for sale.

I2URE .*

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%he 'igure H." reveals that this is the commulative

probabilty graph,most of the respondants are lies near to

the residual line which proves that the hypothesis i.e

dependent variable,organization responsibilty towards their

customers, has a significant impact on independent variablethatisconsumerawearness.

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FIGURE 4.3

The figure 4.3 reveals that are 2rganizational responsibilities

towards their customers, /romotional activities, and?ustomer 4wareness regarding their Ethical rights ,the data

lies between 6",and M" ,so the standard deviation is

acceptable and the confredence interval, %hat is more than

the (L and more than the (L of respondents are agree. so

the 5- and 5" both are acceptable.

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CHAPTER NO. 3

CONC)U!ION AND RECO--ENDATION!

CONC)U!ION

%his research has successfully led towards comprehensive

analysis of the role of organization in creation of

consumer0s awareness regarding their ethical rights in

promotional activities.

a&ority of customers agreed to the point that they areaware of their ethical rights in terms during the marketing

campaigns. 2n the other hand organizations are also

responsible towards customer rights and treat the customers

with ethical responsibility.

)t is also noted that the /romotional 4ctivities in

/akistan are ethically correct in )slamabad reigon and thecustomers are made aware of the ethical issues regarding

advertising and promotional activities.

%he variable ?ustomer 4wareness of their Ethical =ights

is directly related with the /romotional 4ctivities in

/akistan. %his deduction shows that the /romotional

4ctivities in /akistan have a direct impact on ?ustomer

4wareness regarding their Ethical =ights. )f the

/romotional 4ctivities depict Ethical 4wareness, the

customers are going to be directly affected by the result.

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%he 2rganization0s =esponsibility towards ?ustomers show

that the /romotional 4ctivities in /akistan are

representing =esponsible 2rganizations which are keen to

depict that their customers are important to them and they

are ethically bound to be giving them the correct inputs.

)t is also realized that if 2rganizations in )slamabad are

more responsible towards their customers then the customers

in return become more aware of the ethical issues related

to a certain product on which the promotional ativity is

based upon.

%he organizations which are responsible towards their

customers have a greater understanding of the Ethical

Aimits of the customers. %his is very important in said

scenario as the customer is very sensitive to various

ethnic, demographic and sectarian issues and might reactvery abruptly towards a particular input shown in the

advertisement and promotional campaign.

+o from all the above discussion it is now revealed that

customers are well aware of their ethical rights and

organizations on the other hand are very responsible in

treating customers ethically, and playing their role increation of consumer awareness regarding their ethical

rights.

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RE)IABI)IT4

NNNNNN ethod - !space saver$ will be used for this analysis NNNNNNG

= E A ) 4 ) A ) % O 4 D 4 A O + ) + 6 + ? 4 A E !4 A / 5 4$

=eliability ?oefficients

D of ?ases P -((.# D of )tems P "-

4lpha P .BC(#

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/atrick E. urphy /rofessor. !"##"$.arketing Ethics,at the

illennium, !>olume C#, Dumber ($.

+ally ?ahill ,!"##($. =elevance of +ervice6 Aearning in

?ollege courses,!volume $.

%homas ,olume "#$.

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QUESTIONNAIRE

R!le !f !rga"i#ati!" i" $reati!" !f $!"su%er&s a'are"ess regar(i"g their ethi$al rights

i" )r!%!ti!"al a$tivities*

The stu(+ is ,ei"g $!"(u$te( ,+ -alee%a a#ir // Ira U"iversit+ Isla%a,a(

a%)us. The resear$h is ,ei"g $!"(u$te( !" The I%)a$t !f !, I"se$urit+ reuire a high

)arti$i)ati!" rate i" !r(er f!r the results t! ,e statisti$all+ %ea"i"gful. The uesti!""aireis sh!rt a"( 'ill reuire less tha" te" %i"utes !f +!ur ti%e. I 'ish t! assure +!u that a"+

res)!"se +!u %ae 'ill ,e stri$tl+ $!"fi(e"tial. If +!u have a"+ uer+ +!u $a" $!"ta$t at

E%ail%!hi,gulh!t%ail.$!% !r $ell 923335117363

lease Ti$ : ; +!ur res)!"ses usi"g the f!ll!'i"g s$ale

1. isagree

-. Qender ale ! $ 'emale !$

". 2rganization DameC. 4ge

-. +ome advertisements are even more en&oyable thatother media contents.


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H. ost of the time advertising contains funnycharacters and is en&oyable.


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142175417-consumer-s-awareness-towards-their-ethical-rights.pdf

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