8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

1/23

FUTURE OF DIGITAL

CH13

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

2/23

From China: 2.5petaflops/s

World Fastest supercomputer World Upcoming fastest supercomputer

Blue Gene /Q-Mira from IBM 10petaflops/s

IBM Exascale Super computer

Project 2020

THE RACE FOR SUPERCOMPUTING POWER

INTEL CMOS Integrated Silicon

Nanophotonics Computer Chip

Project 2010

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

3/23

THE NEXT BIGGEST SUPERCOMPUTER POTENTIAL BREAKTHROUGH

Quantum Computer

In theory, quantum computers would be able to process infinite computations across

multiple "dimensions".

The quantum computer took a step closer to reality in January 2011 when Oxford

University physicists unveiled a successful test of a quantum chip.

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

4/23

ITRS Roadmap

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

5/23

FREQUENCY

Lead Microprocessors frequency used to double every 2 years

P6 

Pentium ® proc486 386 

286 8086 8085 

8080 

8008 

4004 0.1 

1 

10 

100 

1000 

10000 

1970  1980  1990  2000  2010 

Year 

   F   r   e   q   u   e   n   c   y

    (   M    h   z    )

Doubles every

2 years

P4 

Courtesy, Intel

Core i7 (3.3GHz)

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

6/23

CHIP POWER OF INTEL PROCESSORS

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

7/23

POWER DISSIPATION

Lead Microprocessors power continues to increase

P6 Pentium ® proc

486 

386 

286 8086 

8085 8080 

8008 4004 

0.1 

1 

10 

100 

1971  1974  1978  1985  1992  2000 

Year 

   P   o   w   e   r    (   W   a   t   t   s    )

Courtesy, Intel

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

8/23

POWER: MAJOR PROBLEM

5KW18KW

1.5KW

500W

4004 8008 

8080 8085 

8086 286 

386 486 

Pentium® proc 

0.1 

1 

10 

100 

1000 

10000 

100000 

1971  1974  1978  1985  1992  2000  2004  2008 

Year 

   P   o   w   e   r    (   W   a   t   t   s    ) Core i7

(130W) 

Power delivery and dissipation will be prohibitive

To maintain Moore’s Law 

Courtesy, Intel

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

9/23

Active and Passive Components of

CMOS Power

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

10/23

DELAY VS. VT/VDD

Need to minimize VT with respect to VDD

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

11/23

TEM OF THIN GATE OXIDE

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

12/23

TUNNELING THROUGH SiO2

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

13/23

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

14/23

Dealing with Short Channel Effects in bulk MOSFET

1.Increasing body doping concentration2.Using halo implant

High doping density results in:

• Lower carrier mobility;• high tunneling effect which increases off-state currents;

• Larger depletion capacitors leading to high sub-threshold swing which

increases off-state currents;

• Larger parasitic capacitance, Cgd, Cds.

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

15/23

Limit of Bulk CMOS Scaling

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

16/23

BULK CMOS SCALING LIMIT

To reduce short channel effects, we need to reduce Xdep (channel depletion

layer thickness), X j ( Junction depletion width), tox (oxide layer thickness

under gate). Defining a figure of merit

For bulk MOSFET gate length

Lbulk >

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

17/23

9. 17

AFTER SCALING PROCESS REACHES LIMITS ...

• New ideas, technologies, and concepts will be required for continued 

performance improvements. 

• Examples of new ideas, technologies, and concepts:

•Silicon on insulator (S0I) technology

•Depleted MOSFETS and FinFETS 

•SiGe and SiC technology 

•3D integration 

•Optical interconnects

•Nanowire transistors 

2010 2015 2020

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

18/23

SOI CMOS

anneal

SIMOX PROCESS

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

19/23

Dealing with Short Channel Effects in

FULLY DEPLETED SILICON ON INSULATOR (FD-SOI)

Use ultra-thin film (tsi is small) as the conducting body, depletion layer is

confined in the film.( Xdep

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

20/23

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

21/23

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

22/23

8/18/2019 14nano107 Future of Digital Light

23/23