15-719-S17 L3 building a carnegie mellon cloud...

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Open source virtual infrastructure (VI) for private clouds 15-719/18-847b Greg Ganger Garth Gibson Majd Sakr

Jan 25, 2016 15719/18847b Adv. Cloud Computing 1

OpenNebula Architecture pic from [Sotomayor2009]


Example open source VI mgmt software

•  OpenNebula (for deploying and managing groups of 1-or-more VMs) o  Automates aspects of VM setup on physical hosts

•  e.g., preparing disk images, setting up networking, etc.

o  Works for several VM types (e.g., KVM and Vmware) and external clouds •  Note: external cloud support enables hybrid cloud deployments

•  Haizea (for managing “leasing” of resources) o  Can be used as a scheduling component of OpenNebula

•  Decides which hardware resources are assigned to a group of VMs (and when) •  Claims novelty around reservation and preemption/migration support


OpenNebula Architecture pic from [Sotomayor2009]


OpenNebula architecture components

•  OpenNebula core (orchestrates use of the others)

•  Virtualization drivers o  VM-type-specific functions for setting up VMs, starting/stopping VMs, etc.

•  Network drivers o  Functions for assigning network addresses

•  Storage drivers o  Functions for attaching network storage resources

•  External cloud drivers o  Functions for putting some VMs on an external cloud (e.g., EC2)

•  Scheduler: decides which VMs get which physical resources


15#719/18#847b*Advanced*Cloud*Compu8ng*

Lecture*03**

OpenStack**

January*25,*2017**

hGp://www.cs.cmu.edu/~15719/**

Mo8va8on*

•  Users*locate*compu8ng*resources*based*on:*– HW*architecture*– Memory*capacity*–  Storage*capacity*– Network*connec8vity*– Geo*loca8on*

•  Involves:*–  Resource*availability*– Applica8on*and*performance*profiling*–  SoXware*service*requirements*

Resource*Provisioning*

•  Resource*provisioning*for*large*#*of*resources*– Contact*several*providers*– Get*heterogeneous*resources*

•  Performance*profiling*becomes*difficult*

•  Efficient*use*of*resources*becomes*difficult*

•  Few*users*can*exploit*heterogeneity*– Uniformity*makes*applica8on*development*and*deployment*easier*

Goal*of*the*Cloud*IAAS*Model*

•  Convert*a*manual*large#scale*resource*provisioning*and*programming*problem*into*elas8c*u8lity*(cloud*compu8ng)*–  Self*deployment*model*

•  Current*public*cloud*IAAS*offerings*are*proprietary*– Do*not*allow*

•  Experimenta8on*•  Instrumenta8on*•  Deployment*of*a*private*cloud*

•  Private*cloud*soXware*systems*allow*users*to*customize,*extend,*and*experiment*with*management*infrastructure*

IAAS*

•  To*offer*cloud*compu8ng*services*running*on*standard*hardware.*–  SoXware*defined*datacenter*as*a*service*

•  Deploy*a*private*cloud*•  Offer*an*IAAS*public*cloud*service*•  Instrument*to*answer*open*ques8ons:*

1.  What*is*the*right*distributed*architecture*for*a*cloud*compu8ng*system?*

2.  What*resource*characteris8cs*must*VM*schedulers*consider*to*make*the*most*efficient*use*of*the*resources?*

Cloud*Interfaces*&*Abstrac8ons*

•  Cloud*offers*a*spectrum*–  From*IaaS*

•  Dynamically*provision*VMs,*Storage,*networking*

–  To*SaaS*•  Flexible*access*to*hosted*services*

•  All*resources*–  Should*be*well*defined*–  Provide*reasonably*determinis8c*performance*–  Can*be*allocated*and*de#allocated*on*demand*–  Should*provide*some*level*of*security*guarantees*through*isola8on*

Cloud*Objec8ves*and*Design*Goals*

•  Rapidly*scale*up*and*down*as*load*fluctuates*•  Support*a*large*number*of*users*requiring*resources*on*demand*

•  Provide*stable*access*to*provided*resources*over*the*Internet*

•  Op8mize*use*of*capital*compu8ng*infrastructure*– Avoid*having*par8ally*idle*computers*when*they*could*be*doing*something*useful*instead*

Cloud*Service*Configura)on*Management*

Health/Status*Monitoring*

Cloud*Service*

User*

Cloud*Users*and*Services*

Interfaces*

•  Applica8on*development/deployment*user*– Sign*up,*creden8aling,*query*system*

– Create,*modify,*interrogate*data*

– Provision,*submit*job*

•  Administrator*– Manage*user*accounts,*inspect*availability*

– Monitor*and*manage*resources*

Services*Needed*for*IAAS?*

IAAS*

Compute*

Networking*

Dashboard*

Storage*

OS*Images*

Orchestra#*8on*

Iden8ty*

Telemetry*

OpenStack*–*1*•  Controls*pools*of*compute,*storage,*and*networking*resources*in*a*datacenter.*

•  Managed*through*a*dashboard*that*gives*–  administrators*control*

–  users*ability*to*provision*resources*through*a*web*interface.*

hGp://ilearnstack.com/2013/04/23/introduc8on#to#openstack#2/*

OpenStack*–*2*

•  Joint*effort*by*Rackspace*and*NASA*in*2010*•  Community,*OpenStack*Founda8on,*defines*official*OpenStack*components*

•  Gaining*momentum*– Open,*no*trade*secrets*– Companies*are*contribu8ng*to*open*source*

– Can*be*integrated*with*proprietary*components*

•  Release*cycle*is*6#months*

OpenStack*–*3*•  Open*source*cloud*compu8ng*framework*that*uses*compu8ng*and*storage*infrastructure*to*provide*a*plamorm*to*offer*cloud*services*on*standard*hardware.*– Offer*a*common*open#source*framework*and*a*community*will*form*•  As*of*2016,*500*companies*have*joined*

– Offers*compa8bility*with*Amazon*Web*Services*•  Such*as*EC2,*S3,*EBS,*…*

•  Provides*management*infrastructure*for*exis8ng*underlying*technologies*–  E.g.,*manages*usual*QEMU/KVM*or*Xen*hypervisor,**Linux*bridge*and*VXLAN*networking,*etc.*

OpenStack*–*4*

•  OpenStack*consists*of*several*independent*parts,*named*the*OpenStack*services.*

•  All*services*authen8cate*through*a*common*Iden8ty*service.*

•  Individual*services*interact*with*each*other*through*public*APIs,*except*where*privileged*administrator*commands*are*necessary.*

•  Provides*a*modular*architecture*to*reuse*exis8ng*infrastructure*to*manage*various*types*of*resources*(e.g.,*virtual*machine,*container,*“bare*metal”*physical*machine)*

Independent*Services*

Public*APIs*

Compute*

Networking*

Dashboard*

Storage*

OS*Images*

Orchestra#*8on*

Iden8ty*

Telemetry*

OpenStack*Services*Service* Codename*

•  OpenStack*Compute* •  Nova*•  OpenStack*Object*Storage* •  SwiX*•  OpenStack*Block*Storage* •  Cinder*•  OpenStack*Networking* •  Neutron*•  OpenStack*Dashboard* •  Horizon*•  OpenStack*Iden8ty* •  Keystone*•  OpenStack*Image*service* •  Glance*•  OpenStack*Telemetry*service* •  Ceilometer*

•  OpenStack*Orchestra8on*service* •  Heat*•  OpenStack*Database*service* •  Trove*•  OpenStack*Data*processing*service* •  Sahara*

Conceptual*Architecture*

Service* Codename*Compute* Nova*

Object*Storage* SwiX*

Block*Storage* Cinder*

Networking* Neutron*

Dashboard* Horizon*

Iden8ty* Keystone*

Image*service* Glance*

Telemetry*service* Ceilometer*

Orchestra8on*service* Heat*

Database*service* Trove*

Data*processing*service* Sahara*

hGp://docs.openstack.org/admin#guide#cloud/common/get_started_conceptual_architecture.html*

Access,*Communica8on*and*APIs*•  All*OpenStack*services*have*at*least*one*API*process*–  Listens*for*API*requests,*preprocesses*them*and*passes*them*on*to*other*parts*of*the*service.*

•  For*communica8on*between*the*processes*of*one*service*–  An*advanced*message*queuing*protocol*(AMQP)*message*broker*is*used.*

•  Users*can*access*OpenStack*via*–  the*web#based*user*interface*implemented*by*the*dashboard*–  command#line*clients**–  issuing*API*requests*through*tools,*browser*plug#ins*or*curl*

•  For*applica8ons,*several*SDKs*are*available.*•  All*access*methods*issue*REST*API*calls*to*the*various*OpenStack*services.*

hGps://ilearnstack.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/openstack#arch#grizzly#v1#logical.jpg*

Dashboard*

Compute*Service*

Block*Storage*

Object*Store* Network*

Service*Image*Service*

Iden8ty*Service*

hGps://ilearnstack.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/openstack#arch#grizzly#v1#logical.jpg*

hGp://docs.openstack.org/ops#guide/_images/osog_0001.png**

Logical*Architecture*

hGp://docs.openstack.org/admin#guide#cloud/common/get_started_logical_architecture.html*

Keystone*–*OpenStack*Iden8ty*

•  Provides*authen8ca8on*and*authoriza8on*for*other*OpenStack*services*and*users*

•  Provides*a*catalog*of*endpoints*for*all*OpenStack*services*(service*discovery)*

•  Central*to*most*OpenStack*opera8ons,*hence*the*name* (openstack) endpoint list --service identity -c "Service Name" -c "Service Type" -c "Interface" -c "URL" +--------------+--------------+-----------+------------------------------------------------+ | Service Name | Service Type | Interface | URL | +--------------+--------------+-----------+------------------------------------------------+ | keystone | identity | admin | http://kiska.pdl.local.cmu.edu:35357/v3 | | keystone | identity | internal | http://kiska-control.pdl.local.cmu.edu:5000/v3 | | keystone | identity | public | http://kiska.pdl.local.cmu.edu:5000/v3 | +--------------+--------------+-----------+------------------------------------------------+ (openstack) endpoint list --service nova -c "Service Name" -c "Service Type" -c "Interface" -c "URL" +--------------+--------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------+ | Service Name | Service Type | Interface | URL | +--------------+--------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------+ | nova | compute | internal | http://kiska-control.pdl.local.cmu.edu:8774/v2.1/%(tenant_id)s | | nova | compute | admin | http://kiska.pdl.local.cmu.edu:8774/v2.1/%(tenant_id)s | | nova | compute | public | http://kiska.pdl.local.cmu.edu:8774/v2.1/%(tenant_id)s | +--------------+--------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------+

Courtesy*of*Chad*Dougherty*

Nova*–*OpenStack*Compute*•  Use*nova*to*host*and*manage*cloud*compu8ng*systems.*

•  Nova*is*a*major*part*of*an*Infrastructure#as#a#Service*(IaaS)*system.*Main*modules*are*implemented*in*Python*(as*are*most*components).*

•  OpenStack*Compute,*nova,*interacts*with*– OpenStack*Iden8ty*for*authen8ca8on;*– OpenStack*Image*service*for*disk*and*server*images;*and**– OpenStack*dashboard*for*the*user*and*administra8ve*interface.**

•  OpenStack*Compute*can*scale*horizontally*on*standard*hardware,*and*download*images*to*launch*instances.*

Nova*–*API*•  nova-api*service*

–  Accepts*and*responds*to*end*user*compute*API*calls.*The*service*supports*the*OpenStack*Compute*API,*the*Amazon*EC2*API,*and*a*special*Admin*API*for*privileged*users*to*perform*administra8ve*ac8ons.*It*enforces*some*policies*and*ini8ates*most*orchestra8on*ac8vi8es,*such*as*running*an*instance.*

•  nova-compute*service*–  A*worker*daemon*that*creates*and*terminates*virtual*machine*instances*

through*hypervisor*APIs.*For*example:*•  XenAPI*for*XenServer/XCP*•  libvirt*for*KVM*or*QEMU*•  VMware*API*for*VMware*

–  Processing*is*fairly*complex.*Basically,*the*daemon*accepts*ac8ons*from*the*queue*and*performs*a*series*of*system*commands*such*as*launching*a*KVM*instance*and*upda8ng*its*state*in*the*database.*

•  nova-scheduler*service*–  Takes*a*virtual*machine*instance*request*from*the*queue*and*determines*

on*which*compute*server*host*it*runs.*

hGp://docs.openstack.org/admin#guide#cloud/common/get_started_compute.html*

Nova*–*API*•  nova*client*

–  Enables*users*to*submit*commands*as*a*tenant*administrator*or*end*user.*

•  The*queue*–  A*central*hub*for*passing*messages*between*daemons.*Usually*implemented*with*RabbitMQ,*but*can*be*implemented*with*an*AMQP*message*queue,*such*as*Apache*Qpid*or*Zero*MQ.*

•  SQL*database*–  Stores*most*build#8me*and*run#8me*states*for*a*cloud*infrastructure,*including:*•  Available*instance*types*

–  Instances*in*use*–  Available*networks*–  Projects*

–  Theore8cally,*OpenStack*Compute*can*support*any*database*that*SQL#Alchemy*supports.*Common*databases*are*SQLite3*for*test*and*development*work,*MySQL,*and*PostgreSQL.*

Ceilometer*–*OpenStack*Telemetry*•  Performs*the*following*func8ons:*– Polls*metering*data*related*to*OpenStack*services.*

– Collects*event*and*metering*data*by*monitoring*no8fica8ons*sent*from*services.*

– Publishes*collected*data*to*various*targets*including*data*stores*and*message*queues.*

– Creates*alarms*when*collected*data*breaks*defined*rules.*

Ceilometer*–*API*•  ceilometer-agent-compute*#*A*compute*agent*

–  Runs*on*each*compute*node*and*polls*for*resource*u8liza8on*sta8s8cs.**

•  ceilometer-agent-central**#*A*central*agent*–  Runs*on*a*central*management*server*to*poll*for*resource*u8liza8on*sta8s8cs*for*resources*not*

8ed*to*instances*or*compute*nodes.*Mul8ple*agents*can*be*started*to*scale*service*horizontally.*

•  ceilometer-agent-notification**#*A*no8fica8on*agent*–  Runs*on*a*central*management*server(s)*and*consumes*messages*from*the*message*queue(s)*to*

build*event*and*metering*data.*

•  ceilometer-collector**#*A*collector*–  Runs*on*central*management*server(s)*and*dispatches*collected*telemetry*data*to*a*data*store*or*

external*consumer*without*modifica8on.*

•  ceilometer-alarm-evaluator*#*An*alarm*evaluator*–  Runs*on*one*or*more*central*management*servers*to*determine*when*alarms*fire*due*to*the*

associated*sta8s8c*trend*crossing*a*threshold*over*a*sliding*8me*window.*

•  ceilometer-alarm-notifier*#*An*alarm*no8fier*–  Runs*on*one*or*more*central*management*servers*to*allow*alarms*to*be*set*based*on*the*threshold*

evalua8on*for*a*collec8on*of*samples.*

•  ceilometer-api*#*An*API*server*–  Runs*on*one*or*more*central*management*servers*to*provide*data*access*from*the*data*store.*

hGp://docs.openstack.org/admin#guide#cloud/common/get_started_telemetry.html*

Storage*Concepts*

On;instance*/*ephemeral* Block*storage*(cinder)* Object*Storage*(swiD)*

•  Runs*opera8ng*systems*and*provides*scratch*space*

•  Used*for*adding*addi8onal*persistent*storage*to*a*virtual*machine*(VM)*

•  Used*for*storing*virtual*machine*images*and*data*

•  Persists*un8l*VM*is*terminated* •  Persists*un8l*deleted* •  Persists*un8l*deleted*

•  Access*associated*with*a*VM* •  Access*associated*with*a*VM* •  Available*from*anywhere*

•  Implemented*as*a*filesystem*underlying*OpenStack*Compute*

•  Mounted*via*OpenStack*Block*Storage*controlled*protocol*(for*example,*NFS*or*iSCSI)*

•  REST*API*

•  Encryp8on*is*available* •  Encryp8on*is*available*•  Easily*scalable*for*future*growth*

•  Administrator*configures*size*sexng,*based*on*flavors* •  Sizings*based*on*need*

•  Example:*10*GB*first*disk,*30*GB/core*second*disk* •  Example:*1*TB*“extra*hard*drive”*

•  Example:*10s*of*TBs*of*data*set*storage*

hGp://docs.openstack.org/admin#guide#cloud/common/get_started_storage_concepts.html*

Horizon*–*OpenStack*Dashboard*•  A*modular*Django*web*applica8on*that*provides*a*graphical*

interface*to*OpenStack*services.*

•  Not*a*necessary*component*to*deploy*OpenStack.*

*

OpenStack*and*AWS*

OpenStack* AWS*

Object*Storage* SwiX* S3*

Block*Storage* Cinder* Elas8c*Block*Storage*(EBS)*

Compute* Nova* EC2*

Telemetry* Ceilometer* CloudWatch*

Data*Processing* Sahara* EMR*

Next*Time*•  Monday,*1/30/2017:*– Programming*Frameworks/models*

– P2.1*is*out*•  Overview*

Date post:	02-Jun-2020
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