AN APPRAISAL OF RURAL/URBAN ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN A SOUTH INDIAN CITY: VINDICATION OF GREENER ENERGY POTENTIAL THROUGH SOLAR PV SYSTEM

By

M.PALPANDIAN,

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,

Sethu Institute of Technology,

Kariapatti, Virudhunagar District-626115,

Tamil Nadu, India.

Email: palpandianm@gmail.com

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INTRODUCTION

☼ Electricity – Sustainable human development.

☼ Issue – Scarcity of resources, increase in energy price and identified

environmental problems.

☼ Effective consumption – Global energy and environmental problems.

☼ Renewable energy – Safer.

☼ People attention – Solar energy.

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OBJECTIVE

☼ Solar PV system– Madurai.

☼ Suitable solution – Shun power crisis.

☼ Technical and economic viability – Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric

Renewables (HOMER).

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TAMIL NADU ENERGY SCENARIO

☼ 1986 – Fully electrified.

☼ 55% Electric power – Fossil Fuel .

☼ 45% of Electric power – Renewable Energy.

☼ 15 MW of Electric power – Solar Energy.

☼18% – Transmission line losses.

☼ 492000 ha – Un-cultivable land.

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GENERATION VS DEMAND

☼ 26% –11,000 MW .

☼ 16 hours – Load shedding .

☼ 4000 MW – Power shortage

☼ Huge scarcity of electricity –

increase in consumer.

☼ 2006 – 2012 – Same installed

capacity .

☼ Renewable sources – Wind

and solar.

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STUDY AREA

☼ Latitude 9.58 N and Longitude 78.10 E.

☼ 3696 sq. km – Area.

☼ 3.57 % of total population in Tamil Nadu.

☼ 14.4 lakhs – Urban population .

☼ 11.3 lakhs – Rural population .

☼ 25.8 lakhs – Total population .

☼ 6.13 lakhs – Total number of households.

☼ 68.1% – Permanent households .

☼ 19.7% – Semi permanent households .

☼ 12.2% – Temporary households.

☼ 4 Persons – Average size of a household.

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STUDY AREA Cont….

☼ 300 sunny days – 2300 to 3200 hours per year.

☼ Annual solar radiation – 1600KWhm-2 to 2200 KWhm-2 .

☼ Average sunshine duration – 9 hours (~35ºC) summer and 6 hours (~33ºC)

winter.

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RESIDENTS UNDER SURVEY

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INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING

24 KW Standalone PV system Measured output power from Jan’12 to Dec ‘12

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METHODOLOGY

☼ Weekdays and Weekend – Daily energy consumption .

☼ 150 Urban and 150 Rural residents – August 2012 to December 2012.

☼ Questionnaire – Residence area, residence type , family size, family type, annual

income and time of occupation.

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SOLAR PV SYSTEM DESIGN

☼ 334KWh – Average electric power

consumption.☼ PV array – Rs. 150-200/Wp.☼ Charge controller – Rs. 2000/KWh.☼ Battery – Rs. 4000/KWh.☼ Inverter – Rs. 4000/KW.

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HOMER

☼ HOMER – Simulation and optimization software tool.

☼ National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

☼ Evaluates suitable technologies options.

☼ Generation of the hourly household electrical load.

☼ Determination of power output.

☼ Calculation – Net present value, Internal rate of return and discounted payback

period.

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LOAD PROFILE

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DISCUSSION

Energy consumption Electric Appliance

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ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BASED ON INCOME☼ Residents < 2 lakhs

27% of residence. Average electricity consumption per month – 500 KWh. Lighting load and television. 10% – Electricity expenditure.

☼ Residents with income between 2 to 5 lakhs 65% of residence. Average monthly consumption – 500 KWh to 1000 KWh. Air conditioners, televisions, computers and kitchen appliances. 10 – 15% – Electricity expenditure.

☼ Residents with income > 5 lakhs 08% of residence. Average electricity consumption per month – 1000 to 2000 KWh. Air conditioners, kitchen appliances, television, lighting, computers and

internet usage. 15 – 20% – Electricity expenditure. Solar PV System – Economical.

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ECONOMIC ASSESMENT OF SOLAR PV SYSTEM

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PAYBACKPERIOD

Stand-alone PV system = 44 years Grid Connected PV System=34 years

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ANNUAL ELECTRICITY PRICE AND COST OF STAND-ALONE PV SYSTEM

☼ Class – 1 Income < 2 lakhs. Average energy consumption

– 111 KWh per year .☼ Class – II

Income 2 to 5 lakhs. Average energy consumption

– 335 KWh per year .☼ Class – III

Income >5 lakhs. Average energy consumption

– 1361 KWh per year .

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HOMER RESULTS

Stand-alone PV system Grid Connected PV System

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CONCLUDING REMARKS

☼ Power shortage – Intolerable.

☼ Solar PV system – Minimum payback period.

☼ HOMER – Grid connected PV system.

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References

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References

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Let us Harness Maximum solar Energy

Reduce CO2 Emission

Thank you

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