15 Th Veterinary International Conference KRMIVA 2008 Programme and Summaries

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S S S S S S S S S S

S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S

S S S S S S S S S

K R M I VA 2 0 0 8 XV ME\UNARODNO SAVJETOVANJE

15th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

Pokrovitelji SavjetovanjaUnder the patronage

Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, ribarstva i ruralnog razvojaMinistry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development

Ministarstvo znanosti, obrazovanja i {portaMinistry of Science, Education and Sports

2.–5. lipnja 2008. / June 2–5, 2008

Hotel Ambasador, OpatijaHrvatska / Croatia

SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS





Po{tovane dame i gospodo,

S velikim zadovoljstvom kao po~asni gost prisustvujem 15. savjetovanju KRMIVA 2008.

Na{a zemlja aktivno sudjeluje u ovom savjetovanju ve} 10 posljednjih godina, a to isti~em s posebnimponosom. S izuzetnim zadovoljstvom odajem priznanje dugogodi{njoj uspje{noj suradnji izme|una{eg Sveu~ili{ta u Brnu i Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu i Osijeku, koja je rezultirala brojnim znanstvenim istru~nim radovima. Tako su i neka od istraìvanja, koja }e biti predstavljena na ovom savjetovanjunastala kao plod ove suradnje.

Moja prisutnost ovdje nije samo u svojstvu po~asnog gosta. Ovom prilikom èlio bih i formalnopoduprijeti suradnju izme|u znanstvenika i stru~njaka na{ih dviju zemalja. Zemlje srednje Europedijele mnoge probleme u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji, a ovo savjetovanje predstavlja jednu odmogu}nosti za iznalaènje rje{enja i razmjenu iskustava.

@elim vam jo{ mnogo zna~ajnih godi{njica u ovom jedinstvenom okruènju plavog Kvarnerskogzaljeva i zelene U~ke, u predivnoj Opatiji.

MINISTAR POLJOPRIVREDE

REPUBLIKE Ê[KE

Petr Gandalovi~



Ladies and gentlemen

It is a great pleasure for me to attend the 15th KRMIVA Meeting 2008, in my position of an honorary

guest.

Our country has been an active participant of these meetings for the last 10 years and this I declare

with great pride. I am particularly glad to acknowledge many years of successful collaboration be-

tween our University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Science, Brno, Czech Republic and Universityof Zagreb and University “Josip Juraj Strossmayer” in Osijek which has resulted in many research

and scientific publications. Some of the research that will be presented at this meeting has resulted

from this collaboration.

My role here is not only that of the honorary guest. I would like to formally endorse the collabora-

tion between scientists and experts from both our countries. Central Europe countries share many

similar problems of production in the area agriculture and this meeting is one of the possibilities to

search for solutions and exchange experiences.

I wish you many important meetings in this unique scenery of blue Kvarner bay and green Ucka

mountain range as well as gorgeous Opatija.

MINISTER OF AGRICULTUREOF THE CZECH REPUBLIC

Petr Gandalovi~



Po{tovane dame i gospodo,

~ast mi je i zadovoljstvo pozdraviti organizatore i sudionike 15. me|unarodnog savjetovanja »Kr-miva 2008« u ime Ministarstva poljoprivrede, ribarstva i ruralnog razvoja i u svoje osobno ime.

Ministarstvo daje podr{ku ovom tradicionalnom znanstveno-stru~nom savjetovanju kojeodre|ivanjem konkretnih tema pripomaè razvoju hrvatske poljoprivrede i proizvodnje hrane.

@elim vam puno uspjeha u daljnjem radu na unaprje|enju kori{tenja znanstvenih spoznaja una{u praksu.

Dràvni tajnik mr. sc. Josip Kralji~kovi}

Honoured,

It is my pleasure to welcome organizers and participants of the 15. International Symposia »Krmiva 2008« in the name of the

Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development and my own.

The Ministry gives his full support to this traditional scientific-expert counselling which through concrete themes and ideas

helps the development of Croatian agriculture and food processing.

I wish you success in further work on improvement of scientific knowledge to our practice.

State Secretary

Josip Kralji~kovi}, M. Sc.

Po{tovane dame i gospodo, veliko mi je zadovoljstvo pozdraviti sudionike i organizatore 15. me|unarodnog savjetovanjaKRMIVA 2008. u ime Ministarstva znanosti, obrazovanja i {porta Republike Hrvatske i u svojeosobno ime. Ovaj skup postao je ve} tradicionalna me|unarodna manifestacija za nutricioniste iproizvo|a~e sto~ne hrane ne samo u RH ve} i u {iroj regiji.

O zna~aju savjetovanja KRMIVA govori i ~injenica da na ovogodi{njem skupu sudjeluju ~ak dva-deset i dva fakulteta i deset instituta iz devetnaest zemalja, kao i niz institucija i tvrtki koje se bavepoljoprivrednom i sto~arskom proizvodnjom, a koje su tijekom proteklih godina razvileme|unarodnu mreù suradnje, {to je i svrha takvih konferencija.

êstitam dobitnicima zahvalnica koji su svojim radom u proteklih petnaest godina pridonijelistru~nom i znanstvenome razvoju poljoprivredne proizvodnje, kao i brizi o njenoj kvaliteti.

Posebno mi je zadovoljstvo istaknuti dugogodi{nju podr{ku savjetovanju KRMIVA od strane Fa-kulteta za veterinarsku higijenu i ekologiju Veterinarskog i farmaceutskog Sveu~ili{ta u Brno iz ê{ke Republike, na ~emu im

se u ime Vlade Republike Hrvatske i Ministarstva znanosti, obrazovanja i {porta najiskrenije zahvaljujem.Posebna va`nost savjetovanja KRMIVA vidi se i po tome {to je u proteklome razdoblju objavljeno ~ak vi{e od osamsto stru~nihi znanstvenih radova, koji su doprinijeli boljem razumijevanju ove problematike i povezali znanstvenike i gospodarstvenike izrazli~itih zemalja svijeta.

Iz bibliografije ovogodi{njeg 15. me|unarodnog savjetovanja KRMIVA 2008. vidljivo je sudjelovanje velikog broja istaknutihstru~njaka iz Europe i svijeta, {to me kao znanstvenika izuzetno raduje jer potvr|uje da znanost ne poznaje dru{tvene i politi~kegranice.

Na kraju, svim sudionicima savjetovanja KRMIVA 2008. èlim uspje{an rad, puno novih ideja i kontakata, te ugodan boravak uLijepoj Na{oj.

Prof. dr. sc. Draèn Viki}-Topi}DR@AVNI TAJNIK ZA ZNANOST

Ladies and gentlemen,

It is a great pleasure to greet the participants and organisers of the 15. International Symposia KRMIVA 2008. on behalf of the

Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of The Republic of Croatia, and on my personal behalf. This Symposia has become

a traditional international manifestation for forage producers and technologists, not only in Croatia, but in the wider region.

The importance of KRMIVA is underlined by participation of twenty two faculties and ten institutes from twelve countries, as

well as many institutions and companies from the animal foddering and forage technology sector, which have developed

during the previous years an international network for cooperation, which is the primary goal of such Symposia.

I wish to congratulate the awarded participants, whose work in the previous fifteen years has supported the technological

and scientific development of agricultural production, as well as fostered a drive for quality within the sector.

It is a special pleasure to cite the long-term support to the KRMIVA Symposia from the Faculty for Veterinary Hygene and

Ecology of the Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University in Brno, Czech Republic, for which in the name of the Government

of the Republic of Croatia and the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports, I extend my heartfelt gratitude.

The special significance of KRMIVA can be seen from the more than eight hundred scientific and professional papers published

in the previous period, which have enhanced our understanding of the underlying problems and connected scientists and

businesses from diverse countries worldwide.

From the bibliography of this year’s 15. International Symposia KRMIVA 2008, the presence of a large number of distinguished experts from Europe and the World is specially important to me, as a scientist, because it confirms that science does not re-

cognize social or political boundaries.

Finally, I wish succsessful work to all the participants of KRMIVA 2008, many new ideas and contacts, and a pleasant stay in

Croatia.

Prof. dr. sc. Draèn Viki}-Topi}

STATE SECRETARY FOR SCIENCE



Na petnaest savjetovanja (uklju~iv{i i ovogodi{nje, KRMIVA 2008) prika-zana su 898 radova, od toga 593 pred auditorijem te 305 u poster sek-ciji. Autori radova su iz 27 dràva. Najsrda~nije se zahvaljujemo autori-ma radova, tvrtkama te institucijama koje su svojim sudjelovanjem ipotporom doprinijeli kvaliteti savjetovanja.

At fifteen conferences (including this one, KRMIVA 2008) 898 papers

have been presented, 593 of them in front of the audience and 305 inthe poster section. The authors of the papers came from 27 countries.

We would like to express our deepest gratitude to the authors of the

papers as well as to companies and institutions whose participation

and support contributed to the quality of our conferences.

Austrija, Belgija, Bosna i Hercegovina, Bugarska, ê{ka, Finska, Fran-cuska, Hrvatska, Italija, Izrael, Kina, Ma|arska, Makedonija, Nizozemska,Norve{ka, Njema~ka, Poljska, Rusija, Slova~ka, Slovenija, Srbija, [pa-njolska, [vedska, [vicarska, Ukrajina, USA i Velika Britanija.

Posebno se zahvaljujemo znanstvenicima koji su od samog po~etka su-djelovali u organizaciji svih savjetovanja dav{i svojim velikim anga`manomzna~ajan doprinos uspjehu odrànih savjetovanja. Za velik su im trud izalaganje kroz sve ove godine Znanstveni odbor savjetovanja i Krmivad.o.o. Zagreb dodijelili zahvalnicu.

We would particularly like to thank the scientists who participated in

the organisation of all the conferences from the very beginning, and

whose efforts greatly contributed to the success of the previous con-

ferences. For their hard work and dedication Conference Scientific

Board and Krmiva d.o.o. Zagreb have honoured them with certificates

of merit.

AGRONOMSKI FAKULTET SVEUÎLI[TA U ZAGREBU, ZAGREB – HRVATSKA

Agronomski fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu je vode}a visokoobrazovna iznanstvena institucija iz podru~ja poljoprivrede i srodnih znanosti u Re-publici Hrvatskoj. Na fakultetu diplomiralo je, magistriralo i doktoriralo

vi{e od 12.000 studenata u proteklih 88 godina. Danas su oni uspje{nigospodarstvenici, proizvo|a~i, direktori, znanstvenici, profesori i mini-stri, i to ne samo u Hrvatskoj ve} i {irom svijeta. Najve}i potencijal suljudski resursi s vi{e od 400 zaposlenika od kojih je ve}ina visokoobra-zovanih, materijalna dobra – suvremene predavaonice, kabineti, labo-

ratoriji, poku{ali{ta, te ugodno breme ba{tinika tradicije. Dekan fakul-teta je prof. dr. sc. Davor Romi}.

The Faculty of Agriculture University in Zagreb is the leading high edu-

cation and science institution in the field of agriculture and related sci-

ences in the Republic of Croatia. During the past 88 years, more than

12,000 students have graduated and completed their postgraduate and

doctoral studies at faculty. Today, they are successful businessmen,

producers, directors, scientists, teachers and ministers, not only in Cro-

atia, but all over the world. Greatest potential is human resources with

more than 400 employees (most of whom have high education), ma-

terial resources – modern classrooms, studies, laboratories, experimen-

tal stations, and the pleasant burden of our tradition. Dean of facultyis Prof. dr. sc. Davor Romi}.



POLJOPRIVREDNI FAKULTET SVEUÎLI[TA J. J. STROSSMAYERA U OSIJEKU,

OSIJEK – HRVATSKA

Poljoprivredni fakultet u Osijeku osnovan je 1960. godine i danas jenajstariji i najve}i fakultet Sveu~ili{ta Josip Juraj Strossmayer. Na Fa-kultetu je zaposlen 191 djelatnik, od toga je 151 djelatnik uklju~en uznanstveno-nastavni proces. Sveu~ili{ni studiji izvode se kroz preddi-

plomski studij poljoprivrede s ~etiri smjera, pet diplomskih studija,poslijediplomski doktorski studij Poljoprivrednih znanosti s osam smje-rova, te ~etiri poslijediplomska specijalisti~ka studija. Nastavni procesza ~etiri stru~na studija provodi se u Vinkovcima. Me|unarodna aktiv-nost Fakulteta ogleda se kroz 13 potpisanih bilateralnih ugovora s par-tnerima iz Europe i Azije, te kroz 15 razli~itih me|unarodnih projeka-ta. Dekan fakulteta je prof. dr. sc. Vlado Guberac.

Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek was founded in 1960. Today Faculty

is the oldest and the biggest faculty of Josip Juraj Strossmayer Uni-

versity. Faculty has 191 employees, 151 of them are involved in tea-

ching process. University studies are consisted of undergraduate

study of agriculture with four courses, five graduate studies, postgra-

duate doctoral study »Agricultural science« with eight courses, and four postgraduate studies for university specialists. Four undergradu-

ate professional studies are conducted in Vinkovci. Faculty has 13 bi-

lateral agreements with the partners from Europe and Asia, and cu-

rrently it is involved in 15 international projects. Dean is Prof. dr. sc.

Vlado Guberac.

VETERINARSKI FAKULTET SVEUÎLI[TA U ZAGREBU, ZAGREB – HRVATSKA

Veterinarski fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu osnovan je 1919. godine kao Veterinarska visoka {kola. U Veterinarski fakultet preimenovan je 7. pro-sinca 1924., kada i postaje sastavnicom Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu. Postoji in-tenzivna suradnja s me|unarodnim udrugama i organizacijama kao {tosu Europska udruga visokih veterinarskih u~ili{ta (EAEVE), mreà veteri-narskih fakulteta (VetNEST), i bilateralna i multilateralna suradnja s dru-gim fakultetima odnosno sveu~ili{tima. Osim obrazovanja i znanstvenihistraìvanja, Fakultet provodi aktivnosti i na brojnim drugim podru~jima:

veterinarsko javno zdravstvo i za{tita okoli{a, klini~ka i terenska dijagno-stika terapija i suzbijanje bolesti ìvotinja odnosno bolesti zajedni~kihìvotinjama i ljudima, nadzor i stru~ne ekspertize u podru~ju veterinarskemedicine odnosno uzgoja ìvotinja, istraìvanje i proizvodnja lijekova na-mijenjenih za{titi zdravlja ìvotinja, projektiranje i organizacija sto~arskeprozivodnje, higijena i tehnologija u proizvodnji namirnica animalnog po-drijetla. Dekan fakulteta je prof. dr. sc. Velimir Su{i}.

The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb was founded in 1919 as the High School of Veterinary Medicine. On December 7 th

1924 it was reorganized into the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine to form

an integral part of The University of Zagreb. Intensive development of

international cooperation is expected, especially with the associations

and organizations such as The European Association of Establishments

for Veterinary Education (EAEVE), Veterinary Network of European Stu-

dent and Staff Transfer (VetNEST), as well as with various faculties and

universities on the bilateral and multilateral level. Besides education

and research, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb

carries out following activities: veterinary public health and environ-

ment protection, clinical and field diagnostics, therapy and the preven-

tion of animal diseases and zoonoses, monitoring and professional ex-

pertises in the filed of veterinary medicine and livestock production, research and the production of medicaments for the treatment of ani-

mals, taking part in organization of veterinary service and livestock

production, hygiene and technology in food production. Dean is Prof.

dr. sc. Velimir Su{i}.



BIOTEHNI[KA FAKULTETA UNIVERZE V LJUBLJANI, LJUBLJANA – SLOVENIJA

Biotehni~ki fakultet osnovan je 1947. godine. îni ga sedam odsjeka:agronomija, biologija, {umarstvo, pejza`na arhitektura, drvna tehnolo-gija, sto~arstvo i prehrambeni odsjek. Aktivnosti Fakulteta na poljuistraìvanja i savjetodavnih usluga vrlo su zna~ajne za razvoj biotehno-logije i transfer znanja u praksu. Istraìva~ka djelatnost uklju~uje bota-

niku, genetiku, mikrobiologiju, biotehnologiju, znanost o biljkama i tlu,sto~arstvo, uklju~uju}i prakti~na istraìvanja na polju uzgoja i tehnolo-gije, istraìvanja tla od njegove organizacije do iskori{tenja, klasifika-cije i vrednovanja, prostorno i krajobrazno planiranje, krajobraznu ar-hitekturu, ekologiju urbanog pejzaà, management, marketing ipoljoprivrednu politiku. Na podru~ju {umarstva prou~avaju se {ume kaotakve, {ume kao predmet za{tite i ekonomskog iskori{tavanja, te {umekao dio na{eg okoli{a. Prodekan fakulteta je prof. dr. sc. DragomirKompan.

The Biotechnical Faculty was established in 1947. The Faculty is or-

ganised into seven departments: agronomy, biology, forestry, land-

scape architecture, wood science, animal science, and food science.

The Faculty’s research and advisory services are very important to bio-technical development and the transfer of knowledge into practice. The

Faculty’s research encompasses botanics; genetics; microbiology; bio-

technology; soil and plant science, animal science including practical

oriented research in animal rearing and technological processes; re-

search into agricultural land from its organisation to soil use, classifi-

cation and evaluation, landscape and spatial planning, landscape ar-

chitecture, ecology of urban landscapes, management, marketing and

agricultural policy; and in forestry, from the study of forests, to forests

as subject of protection and as an economic resource, and as part of

our environment. Vice dean is Prof. dr. sc. Dragomir Kompan.

FACULTY OF ANIMAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF KAPOSVAR, KAPOSVAR – MA\ARSKA

Sto~arski fakultet omogu}uje stjecanje zvanja prvostupnika (BSc) napodru~ju sto~arstva, agronomije, ratarstva i za{tite okoli{a, zatim zvanjamagistra (MSc) na podru~ju sto~arstva, hranidbe ìvotinja, te sigurnostihrane i zvanja doktora znanosti (PhD) na podru~ju sto~arstva. Ciljistraìva~kih programa koje provodi Sto~arski fakultete je pridruìti seeuropskom krugu istraìva~a na podru~ju fiziologije ìvotinja, biotehno-logije, uzgoja doma}ih ivotinja, uzgoja ku}nih ljubimaca, hranidbe ivo-tinja, proizvodnje i kori{tenja krmnog bilja, ratarstva, veterinarskih zna-nosti i ekologije, o~uvanja prirode, uzgoja divlja~i i klasifikacijepoljoprivrednih proizvoda. Dekan Sto~arskog fakulteta je prof. dr. sc.Istvan Hollo.

The faculty offers BSc degrees in Animal production engineer, Agricul-

tural engineer, Plant production engineer and Nature protection engi-

neer; MSc programs in Animal production and in Animal nutrition and

feed safety and PhD degree in Animal Science. The aim of the faculty

research programs is to join in the European dimensions of research in

animal physiology, biotechnology, farm animal breeding, companion

animal preeding, animal nutrition, feed crops production and feeding,

plant breeding, veterinary- and environmental studies, nature protec-

tion, wild animal farming and the classification of agricultural products.

Dean is Prof. dr. sc. Istvan Hollo



FACULTY OF BIOLOGY AND ANIMAL SCIENCE OF WROCLAW UNIVERSITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL

AND LIFE SCIENCES, WROCLAW – POLJSKA

U velja~i 1950. godine pri Sveu~ili{tu i politehnici u Wroclavu ustanov-ljen je Institut za sto~arstvo. Sto~arski fakultet osnovan je 1951. kao je-dan od ~etiri fakulteta u sklopu Visoke {kole za poljoprivredu u Wrocla-

vu. Visoka {kola za poljoprivredu je 1972. godine preimenovana u

Poljoprivredno sveu~ili{te, a 2006. u Sveu~ili{te ekolo{kih i biomedicin-skih znanosti Wroclav. Od samog po~etka aktivnosti Sto~arskog fakul-teta usmjerene su na razvoj disciplina vezanih uz uzgoj i drànje ìvoti-nja, uklju~uju}i fiziologiju, anatomiju, genetiku i ostale temeljne grane.Danas je popis disciplina kojima se Sto~arski fakultet bavi puno duì, aFakultet zauzima vode}e mjesto u akademskoj zajednici na polju nasta-

ve i istraìva~kih programa. Sto~arski fakultet je 1. sije~nja 1998. pro-mijenio ime u Fakultet biologije i sto~arstva. Dekan Fakulteta je prof. dr.sc. Witold Janeczek.

In February, 1950 the Institute of Animal Husbandry was established

at the University and Polytechnic of Wroclaw. The Faculty of Animal

Science was founded in 1951 as one of four faculties at the Higher

School of Agriculture, Wroclaw. In 1972 the Higher School of Agricul-ture was renamed to Agricultural University and in 2006 to the Wroclaw

University of Environmental and Life Sciences. From the beginning the

activity of Faculty of Animal Science focused on the wide development

of disciplines connected with animal breeding and husbandry, inclu-

ding physiology, anatomy, genetics and other basic subjects. Today,

the list of disciplines the Faculty is involved in is much longer, and both

the teaching and the research programs hold leading positions in aca-

demic ranking. On January 1, 1998 the name of Faculty was changed

to the Faculty of Biology and Animal Science. Dean is Prof. dr. sc. Wi-

told Janeczek.

FACULTY OF VETERINARY HYGIENE AND ECOLOGY OF UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY AND

PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES BRNO, BRNO – Ê[KA

Sveu~ili{te veterinarskih i farmaceutskih znanosti u Brnu osnovano je1918. godine. Danas se ovo Sveu~ili{te sastoji od tri fakulteta: Fakulteta

veterinarske medicine, Fakulteta veterinarske higijene i ekologije, te Far-maceutskog fakulteta. Danas na Sveu~ili{tu studira 2600 studenata i ovoSveu~ili{te je jedino u e{koj Republici koje pruà obrazovanje na podru~ju

veterine i jedno od dva koje obrazuje farmaceute. Pored toga, Sveu~ili{teza studente iz cijele Europe provodi nastavu iz podru~ja veterinarske me-dicine na engleskom jeziku. Aktivnosti Sveu~ili{ta uklju~uju pruànje ve-terinarske njege oboljelih pasa, ma~aka, malih ìvotinja, egzoti~nih ìvo-tinja, goveda, ovaca, koza, svinja, peradi, itd., te tako veterinarski obradina desetke tisu}a pacijenata godi{nje. U sklopu Sveu~ili{ta djeluje i

sveu~ili{na ljekarna koja pruà farmaceutske usluge javnosti. Od 2006.godine rektor Sveu~ili{ta je Prof. MVDr. Vladimír Ve~erek, CSc.

University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno was found-

ed in 1918. Nowadays it is university consisted of three faculties,

namely Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene

and Ecology and Faculty of Pharmacy. Nowadays there are 2600 stu-

dents at the university and the university is only one providing veteri-

nary education and one of the two providing pharmaceutical education

in the Czech Republic. Furthermore the university provides education

in English for foreign students from whole Europe in the field of Vet-

erinary medicine. The university activities include providing veterinary

care in cases of diseases of dogs, cats, small animals, exotic animals,

cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry etc. so it treats veterenarily tens of

thousands patients per year. Within the university, there is also oper-

ated the university pharmacy, which provides pharmaceutical services

for the public. Since 2006, the rector of the university is Prof. MVDr.

Vladimír Ve~erek, CSc.



Prof. dr. sc. dr. h. c. GORDANA KRALIK, HRVATSKA

Ro|ena je 1943. godine u Kneèvu. Diplomirala je agronomiju, smjersto~arstvo na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu u Osijeku 1965. Magistrirala jebiotehni~ke znanosti polje agronomija, grana sto~arstvo 1974. godine.Doktorirala je tehni~ke znanosti (kemija i tehnologija namirnica) 1976.godine i biotehni~ke znanosti (agronomija, sto~arstvo) 1985. godine.

Redoviti je profesor na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu u Osijeku. Po~asni jedoktor znanosti na Panonskom agronomskom sveu~ili{tu u Kesthelyuod 1999. godine. Kao autor ili koautor objavila je do sada oko 350 bi-bliografskih jedinica. Od 1998. godine obna{a funkciju rektora Sveu~ili{ta

J.J. Strossmayera u Osijeku. Od 1993. godine redovito sudjeluje svojimradovima na savjetovanjima KRMIVA te je vi{egodi{nja predsjednicaZnanstvenog odbora savjetovanja.

Born in Kneèvo 1943. She graduated from the Faculty of Agriculture

in Osijek in 1965 in Agronomy, scientific field Animal Science. In 1974

she obtained Master of Science Degree in Biotechnical Sciences, Agron-

omy, Animal Science. She obtained PhD (in Food Chemistry and Tech-

nology) in 1976 from the Faculty of Food Technology in Zagreb and

another PhD in 1985 in Biotechnical Sciences (Agronomy) from the

Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek. She is promoted to full professor in

tenure in 1997 at the Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek. In 1999 she was

conferred a title Doctor Honoris Causa from the Pannonia University of

Agronomy in Keszthely, Hungary. As author or co-author she has pu-

blished about 350 papers. Since 1998 she is rector of Josip Juraj Stross-

mayer University of Osijek. Since 1993 participating with scientific pa-

pers on KRMIVA conferences. She is the Head of Conference scientific

board for many years.

Prof. dr. sc. VLASTA [ERMAN, HRVATSKA

Ro|ena je 1941. godine u Bjelovaru. Diplomirala je na Veterinarskom fa-

kultetu Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu 1965. godine. 1986. godine izabrana je zaredovnog profesora na Veterinarskom fakultetu u Zagrebu. 1999. godineizabrana je u trajno zvanje redoviti profesor. Voditelj i sudionik te~ajeva uedukaciji veterinara na terenu, predaje redovitim studentima te studenti-ma poslijediplomskih i doktorskih studija. Kao autor ili koautor objavila

je do sada ukupno 150 bibliografske jedinica. Suradnik je u knjizi »Rje~nik medicinskog nazivlja HAZU« i »Stru~ni abecedarij Hrvatske enciklopedije«.

Vodila je niz projekata Ministarstva znanosti, bila predstojnica Zavoda zahranidbu od 1989. do 2006. g. lan je Mati~nog povjerenstva za podru~jebiomedicine i zdravstva pri Sveu~ili{tu u Zagrebu. Urednica je ~asopisaKrmiva, ~lan programskog odbora me|unarodnih savjetovanja (Krmiva-Opatija, Kabrtovi dani – Brno, Europski bujatri~ki kongres i sl.) i predsjed-nica povjerenstva za Hrvatsku kvalitetu sto~ne hrane HGK. Od 1995. go-

dine svojim radovima redovito sudjeluje na savjetovanju KRMIVA.

Born 1941 in Bjelovar. Graduated from the Faculty of veterinary me-

dicine, University of Zagreb in 1965. In 1986 became full professor at

the Faculty of veterinary medicine Zagreb. She has been the leader

and participant of field courses for the education of veterinarians,

lecturing in undergraduate and post graduate courses. As author or

co-author she has published over 150 papers. She has collaborated

in the book »Dictionary of Medical Terminology of the Croatian Aca-

demy of Science and Arts« and »Professional Alphabetical List of the

Croatian Encyclopedia«. Member of the Commission for biomedicine

and health at the University of Zagreb. She is editor of the journal

Krmiva (Animal feed). She is also a member of the program commi-

ttee of international conferences (Krmiva – Animal feed, in Opatija,

Kabrtovi dani – Kabrt-s day, in Brno, Czech Republic, European Bui-

atric Congress, etc), and is also chairperson of the Committee for the

quality of animal feed with the Croatian Chamber of Economy. Since

1995 participating with scientific papers on KRMIVA conferences.



Prof. dr. sc. ZDENKO STEINER, HRVATSKA

Ro|en je 1942. godine u Osijeku. Diplomirao je 1965. godine, magistri-rao 1971. godine, a doktorirao 1981. godine na Poljoprivrednom fakul-tetu u Osijeku. Redoviti je profesor na predmetu Hranidba doma}ih ìvo-tinja na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu u Osijeku. Specijalizacije zavr{io uNjema~koj i Norve{koj. Kao autor ili koautor objavio je vi{e od 60 rele-

vantnih bibliografskih jedinica. Od 1993. godine redovito sudjeluje svojimradovima i kao ~lan Znanstvenog odbora na savjetovanjima KRMIVA.

Born 1942 in Osijek. Graduated 1965 from the Faculty of Agriculture

in Osijek, he obtained Master of Science Degree 1971 and PhD 1981.

Full professor of the course Feeding of domestic animals at the Facul-

ty of Agriculture in Osijek. He finished specialization in Germany and

Norway. As author or co-author he has published more than 60 rele-

vant papers. Since 1993 participating with scientific papers and as a

member of Conference scientific board on KRMIVA conferences.

Prof. dr. sc. STJEPAN MU@IC, HRVATSKA

Ro|en je 1949. godine u Podoto~ju Donjem kod Velike Gorice. Diplo-mirao je na Agronomskom Fakultetu Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu 1973., ma-gistrirao 1979. a doktorirao 1990. godine na istom fakultetu. Od 1974.godine radi na Agronomskom Fakultetu u Zagrebu a trenutno je pred-stojnik Zavoda za hranidbu doma}ih ìvotinja. Odgojio je brojne stu-dente koji su diplomirali sto~arstvo na Agronomskom fakultetu, bio je

voditelj nekoliko magistarskih i doktorskih radnji a trenutno je koordi-nator triju modula i suradnik na pet u okviru preddiplomskog i diplom-skog studija Agronomskog fakulteta u Zagrebu. Tijekom tri desetlje}arada u struci i znanosti iz podru~ja uzgoja i hranidbe peradi i kuni}aobjavio je preko 50 stru~nih i 40 znanstvenih radova te sudjelovao nadesetak me|unarodnih i tridesetak doma}ih znanstvenih skupova. Uisto vrijeme prof. Muìc je vodio i sudjelovao u izradi desetak znanstve-nih i tehnolo{kih projekata te sura|ivao i sura|uje s subjektima iz pe-radarske proizvodnje i proizvodnje sto~ne hrane. Od 1993. godine re-dovito sudjeluje svojim radovima i kao ~lan Znanstvenog odbora nasavjetovanjima KRMIVA.

Born 1949 in Podoto~je Donje. He graduated from Faculty of Agricul-

ture University of Zagreb in 1973. In year 1979 he won master’s degree

and in 1990 doctor’s degree. Since 1974 he worked at Faculty of Agri-

culture in Zagreb, and he is now a head of Department of Animal Nu-

trition. He raised many Bsc students graduating in animal science at

Faculty of Agriculture, and he was mentor of some MS and PhD stu-

dents. Prof. Muìc is momentary coordinator of 3 modules of graduate and postgraduate studies. During 30 years of professional and scien-

tific work prof. Muìc has been published over 50 professional and 30

scientific papers on poultry and rabbit production and nutrition. In the

same time he attended on over 10 international and 30 home scien-

tific congresses. He also conducted and worked on over 10 scientific

and technological projects, and had widely cooperation with subjects

of poultry and animal feed production. Since 1993 participating with

scientific papers and as a member of Conference scientific board on

KRMIVA conferences.



Prof. dr hab., dr h.c., dr h.c. DOROTA JAMROZ, POLJSKA

Cijeli radni vijek kao profesor dr hab., dr h.c., dr h.c. vezan je za Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences (nekada Agricultural Uni-

versity) gdje je doktorirala 1967., a 1975. stekla sve uvjete za habilitac-iju. 1983. godine postala je izvanredni profesor, a 1991. godine redov-

ni profesor. 18 godina predstojnica je Zavoda za hranidbu ìvotinja ikakvo}u hrane. 2006. godine postala je po~asni doktor Poljoprivrednogfakulteta u Lublinu, a 2007. godine Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Poznan-

ju. Kao autor ili koautor objavila je do sada preko 560 bibliografskih je-dinica. Od 1995. godine redovito sudjeluje svojim radovima i kao ~lanZnanstvenog odbora na savjetovanjima KRMIVA.

The whole period of the professional activity of professor doctor hab.,

doctor h.c., doctor h.c. Dorota Jamroz is connected with the Wroclaw

University of Environmental and Life Sciences (formerly the Agricultural

University), where she got the title of doctor (in 1967), and in 1975 she

completed all requirements for the habilitation then in 1983 she was hon-

oured with the title of extraordinary professor and in 1991 with the title

of ordinary professor. For 18 years she is the Head of the Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Quality of the above University.In 2006 she has

been honoured with the title of doctor honoris causa of Agricultural Uni-

versity of Lublin and in 2007 with the title of doctor honoris causa of Ag-

ricultural University of Poznan’ . As author or co-author she has published

over 560 papers. Since 1995 participating with scientific papers and as

a member of Conference scientific board on KRMIVA conferences.

Prof. dr. sc. LASZLO BABINSZKY, MA\ARSKA

Doktorirao 1977. na Agricultural University Keszthely, Agricultural Facul-ty in Mosonmagyaróvár (Ma|arska). Od 1992. godine sveu~ili{ni je pro-fesor na Faculty of Animal Science of the Kaposvár University. Otad je ipredstojnik Zavoda za hranidbu ìvotinja na istom fakultetu. 2007. go-dine postaje rektor na Kaposvár University. Izdao je vi{e od 200 biblio-grafskih jedinica na ma|arskom, engleskom i njema~kom jeziku. Od1994. godine redovito sudjeluje svojim radovima i kao ~lan Znanstve-nog odbora na savjetovanjima KRMIVA.

1977 Doctoral degree at Agricultural University Keszthely, Agricultural

Faculty in Mosonmagyaróvár (Hungary). Since 1992 university prof. at

the Faculty of Animal Sci. of the Kaposvár University (Hungary). Since

1992 Head of Dept. of Animal Nutrition of the Kaposvár Univ. Since

2007 Rector at Kaposvár University. Published more than 200 papers.

Since 1994 participating with scientific papers and as a member of

Conference scientific board on KRMIVA conferences.



Prof. dr. sc. PAVEL SUCHY, Ê[KA

Ro|en 1950. u Brnu, ê{ka republika. Diplomirao i doktorirao u Brnu.Redovni je profesor na Fakultetu veterinarske higijene i ekologije Veteri-narskog i farmaceutskog sveu~ili{ta u Brnu. Od 2004. godine prorektor

Veterinarskog i farmaceutskog sveu~ili{ta u Brnu za razvoj i izgradnjusveu~ili{ta, kontakt s praksom. Izdao je vi{e od 400 znanstvenih i stru~nih

radova. ^lan je vi{e strukovnih organizacija. Redovito sudjeluje kao autori koautor te kao ~lan Znanstvenog odbora na savjetovanjima KRMIVA.

Born 1950 in Brno, Czech Republic. Graduated from University of Ag-

riculture in Brno, the field of zootechnology. He obtained PhD at the

same University. Professor in the field of Animal Nutrition and Dietet-

ics. Since 2004 Vice-Chancellor for the development and planning of

the University, contact with practice. Published more than 400 scien-

tific paperworks. Member of many technical boards. Participating with

scientific papers as author and co-author and member of Conference

scientific board on KRMIVA conferences.

MARTIN JURINEC, dipl. ing., HRVATSKA

Ro|en je u Podsusedu 1945. 1969. godine diplomira na Poljoprivred-nom fakultetu u Zagrebu na sto~arskom odjelu. Od 1975. do 2006. go-dine radi u tvornici Dubravica d.d. Prvi je predsjednik Grupacije industri-

je sto~ne hrane Hrvatske. Dobitnik je zahvalnice HGK Grupacija sto~nehrane za zna~ajni doprinos u organizaciji me|unarodnih savjetovanjaKRMIVA.

Born in Podsused 1945. He graduated from Faculty of Agriculture 1969.

From 1975 till 2006 he worked in company Dubravica d.d. He was first

chairman of Croatian Feed Milling Association. He was awarded a spe-

cial thanks for his contribution in organizing of international conferen-

ce KRMIVA by Croatian Chamber of Commerce Croatian Feed Milling Association.

FRANJO IVANKOVI], dipl. ing., HRVATSKA

Ro|en 1939. godine u Osijeku, zavr{io gimnaziju, diplomirao na Poljo-privrednom fakultetu u Osijeku, smjer sto~arstvo, 1965. godine. Radiokao tehnolog, a zatim kao direktor u TSH Osje~anka. Koautor je paten-tiranog proizvoda [KROBAMID 20 za hranidbu preìva~a. Radio je nastru~nim elaboratima i u istraìva~kom i znanstvenom radu kao koautori autor. Dugogodi{nji je predsjednik Grupacije industrije sto~ne hraneHrvatske.

Born 1939 in Osijek, finished secondary school and graduated cattle

breeding from Faculty of Agriculture Osijek in 1965. He worked as a te-

chnologist and as director of the factory TSH Osje~anka. He is co-author

of SKROBAMID 20, a patented product for feeding ruminants. He worked

in the research and scientific field as co-author and author. He was the

president of Croatian feed milling association for many years.



ZORISLAV WEIGAND, HRVATSKA

Ro|en je 1939. godine u Zagrebu, gdje je zavr{io {kolovanje. Cijeli rad-ni vijek radio je u poduze}u Krmiva d.o.o. Zagreb. 1992. godine izabran

je za tajnika Grupacije industrije sto~ne hrane Hrvatske. Kao tajnik Gru-pacije, uz ostale du`nosti, organizirao je me|unarodna savjetovanja KR-MIVA od osnutka Savjetovanja, vi{e studijskih putovanja, nekoliko

vi{etjednih specijalisti~kih boravaka u SAD-u mladim stru~njacima s hr- vatskih fakulteta i tvornica sto~ne hrane u suradnji s Ministarstvom po-ljoprivrede SAD-a i zakladom Cochran Fellowship Program.

Born 1939 in Zagreb, where he finished his education. All his working

life spent in Krmiva Zagreb. From 1992 he was appointed Secretary-

General of the Croatian Feed Milling Association, where he was, among

other duties, charged with the tasks of organizing KRMIVA internation-

al conference series from its early beginning, organizing and partici-

pating in numerous study tours, organizing specialist trainings for

young experts from Croatian universities and feed mills in the USA last-

ing several weeks, in cooperation with United States Department of

Agriculture and Cochran Fellowship Program.

SLAVKO LULI], dipl. ing., HRVATSKA

Ro|en 1941. u Brodskom Varo{u kraj Slavonskog Broda. Diplomirao na Agronomskom fakultetu u Zagrebu 1963. Po~eo raditi u PIK-u Belje –pustara Jasenovac. Radio u Krmi TSH Vinkovci kao tehnolog i nutricio-nist, kada je zapo~eo suradnju sa znano{}u, te je sura|ivao sa Agro-nomskim fakultetom iz Zagreba, Centrom za peradarstvo Zagreb,Poljoprivrednim fakultetom u Osijeku i Veterinarskim zavodom Vinkovci.Cijeli radni vijek usko je povezivao praksu sa znano{}u. Organizirao jeprvo stru~no savjetovanje o mikotoksinima u Vinkovcima 1974. godine.Od 1983. radi u Krmivima Zagreb. Jedan je od osniva~a me|unarodnogsavjetovanja KRMIVA. Od tada stalno sudjeluje u organiziranju studijskihputovanja u inozemstvo i savjetovanja KRMIVA u Opatiji. Sudjeluje kaokoautor u stru~nim radovima koji su izdavani u stru~nim ~asopisima.Radio je na izradi Pravilnika o kakvo}i sto~ne hrane. ^lan je program-skog odbora me|unarodnog savjetovanja Kabrtovi dani – Brno, ê{ka.Suosniva~ je Udruge proizvo|a~a, tehnologa i nutricionista sto~ne hra-ne Hrvatske.

Born 1941 in Brodski Varo{ near Slavonski Brod. Graduated 1963 on

Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb. Started his professional career in PIK

Belje – pustara Jasenovac. Worked in Krma TSH Vinkovci as a technol-

ogist and nutritionist. Since than he has been involved in science, col-

laborating with Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Poultry Center, Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Osijek and Veterinarski zavod Vinkovci. Through-

out his whole career he was linking practice with science. He organized

the first expert conference on mycotoxins in Vinkovci in 1974. Since

1983 employed in Krmiva, Zagreb. He is one of initiators of interna-

tional symposium Krmiva. From that time he has constantly organized

study trips and Krmiva symposium in Opatija. As a coauthor he pub-

lished a number of papers published in professional journals. He par-

ticipated in formulation of Croatian feed regulation. He is a member of

Program Committee of Kabrtovi Dani international symposium, Brno,

Czech Republic. He is one of co-founders of Croatian feed producers,

technologists and nutritionists association.



SAVJETOVANJE JE PRIRE\ENO U SURADNJI SA: ¡ CONFERENCE PREPARED IN COORDINATION WITH:

- Ministarstvom poljoprivrede, ribarstva i ruralnog razvoja Republike Hrvatske- Ministarstvom znanosti, obrazovanja i {porta Republike Hrvatske- Hrvatskom gospodarskom komorom- Hrvatskim agronomskim dru{tvom, Zagreb- Agronomskim fakultetom, Zagreb- Poljoprivrednim fakultetom, Osijek - Veterinarskim fakultetom, Zagreb

- Biotehni{kom fakultetom, Domàle – Slovenija- University of Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arska- Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw – Poljska- University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno – ê{ka- Poljoprivredno-prehrambenim fakultetom, Sarajevo – Bosna i Hercegovina- Poljoprivrednim fakultetom, Skopje – Makedonija- Veterinarskim fakultetom, Sarajevo – Bosna i Hercegovina- Fakultetom za kmetijstvo, Maribor – Slovenija- Univerzita veterinarskeho lekarstva, Ko{ice – Slova~ka- Farmaceutsko-biokemijskim fakultetom, Zagreb- Udrugom proizvo|a~a, tehnologa i nutricionista sto~ne hrane Hrvatske

ZNANSTVENI ODBOR SAVJETOVANJA: ¡ CONFERENCE SCIENTIFIC BOARD:

Prof. dr. sc. Gordana Kralik , rektorica Sveu~ili{ta Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u OsijekuProf. dr. sc. Laszlo Babinszky , rektor University of Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arska

Prof. dr. sc. Vladimir Ve~erek , rektor Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, Brno – ê{kaProf. dr. sc. Davor Romi}, dekan Agronomskog fakulteta, ZagrebProf. dr. sc. Vlado Guberac, dekan Poljoprivrednog fakulteta, Osijek Prof. dr. sc. Velimir Su{i}, dekan Veterinarskog fakulteta, ZagrebProf. dr. sc. Mirsad Kurtovi}, dekan Poljoprivredno-prehrambenog fakulteta, Sarajevo – Bosna i HercegovinaProf. dr. sc. Almedina Zuko , dekanica Veterinarskog fakulteta, Sarajevo – Bosna i HercegovinaProf. dr. sc. Stjepan Muìc, predstojnik Zavoda za hranidbu doma}ih ìvotinja Agronomskog fakulteta, ZagrebProf. dr. sc. @eljko Mikulec, predstojnik Zavoda za hranidbu Veterinarskog fakulteta, ZagrebProf. dr. sc. Vlasta [erman, Zavod za hranidbu Veterinarski fakultet, ZagrebProf. dr. sc. Zdenko Steiner , predstojnik Zavoda za sto~arstvo Poljoprivrednog fakulteta, Osijek Prof. dr. sc. Tajana Kri~ka, Zavod za poljoprivrednu tehnologiju, skladi{tenje i transport Agr. fakulteta, ZagrebProf. dr. sc. Stjepan Pepeljnjak , Zavod za mikrobiologiju, Farmaceutsko-biokemijski fakultet, ZagrebProf. dr. sc. Eva Strakova, predstojnica Zavoda University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno – ê{kaProf. dr. sc. Pavel Suchy , prorektor University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno – ê{kaProf. dr. sc. Janez Salobir , predstojnik Katedre za prehrano, Biotehni{ka fakulteta, Domàle – SlovenijaProf. dr. sc. Salko Muratovi}, predstojnik Zavoda za zootehniku Poljoprivrednog fakulteta, Sarajevo – Bosna i HercegovinaProf. dr. sc. Dorota Jamroz, predst. Zavoda za hranidbu, Wroclaw Univer. of Environ. and Life Sciences, Wroclaw – PoljskaProf. dr. sc. Darko Grbe{a, Agronomski fakultet, ZagrebProf. dr. sc. Stjepan Pliesti}, Agronomski fakultet, Mostar – Bosna i HercegovinaProf. dr. sc. Ivan Bogut, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Prof. dr. sc. Davor Kralik , Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Prof. dr. sc. Sre}ko Gjorgjievski, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Skopje – MakedonijaDoc. dr. sc. Zlatko Janje~i}, Agronomski fakultet, ZagrebProf. dr. sc. Nora Mas, Veterinarski fakultet, ZagrebDoc. dr. sc. Jasna Pintar , Agronomski fakultet, ZagrebProf. dr. sc. Csaba Szabo, University of Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arskaDr. sc. Ivan Kosalec, Zavod za mikrobiologiju, Farmaceutsko-biokemijski fakultet, ZagrebDr. sc. Goce Cilev , Institut za sto~arstvo, Skopje – MakedonijaProf. dr. sc. Vladimir Vajda, Univerzita veterinarskeho lekarstva, Ko{ice – Slova~kaDr. sc. Veseljko Kara~i}

ORGANIZACIJSKI ODBOR SAVJETOVANJA: ¡ CONFERENCE ORGANISATION BOARD:Mr. sc. Josip Kralji~kovi}, dràvni tajnik Ministarstva poljoprivrede, ribarstva i ruralnog razvoja Republike HrvatskeProf. dr. sc. Draèn Viki}-Topi}, dràvni tajnik Ministarstva znanosti, obrazovanja i {porta Republike HrvatskeDr. sc. Ivan Jakopovi}, savjetnik Ministarstva poljoprivrede, ribarstva i ruralnog razvoja Republike HrvatskeMr. sc. Zdenka ûhnil, saborska zastupnica za ~e{ku i slova~ku manjinu Ivan Marohni}, dipl. ing., Hrvatsko agronomsko dru{tvo, ZagrebDu{an Alebi}, dipl. ing., direktor PP Orahovica, OrahovicaMr. sc. Josip Mari~i}, PP Orahovica, OrahovicaIvan Dozet, dipl. ing., direktor Klas, Nova Gradi{kaMr. sc. Boìca Grdan, ~lan Uprave za proizvodnju i tehnologiju, Agroprerada d.d., Ivani} Grad@eljko Blaòk, dipl. ecc., direktor Natura Agro d.o.o., \ur|evacMr. sc. Tomica Beli}, predsjednik Uprave TSH âkovec d.d., âkovecDrago Ku{i}, direktor Ku{i}-promet, Donje PsarjevoBranko Stuburi}, dipl. ing., direktor tehn. operacija Veterina d.o.o., Kalinovica Tomislav Tonkovi}, dipl.ing., direktor Poljoprerada TSH, Hrvatski Leskovac

Ivan Biuklija, dipl. ing., glavni tehnolog TSH Valpovka, ValpovoDr. sc. Veseljko Kara~i}, direktor TSH KoprivnicaMarijan Molnar, dipl.ing., direktor PC TSH, DardaDinko Pali{evac, dipl.ing., direktor TSH Tovka, \akovoMarko Vu~i}evi}, dipl.ing., Kunis d.d. Bo{njaciSlavko Luli}, dipl. ing., direktor Krmiva d.o.o., Zagreb



PROGRAM ME\UNARODNOG SAVJETOVANJA ¡ PROGRAM OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

PONEDJELJAK, 02. lipnja 2008. ¡ Monday, June 02, 2008

15:00 Registracija sudionika u hotelu Ambasador ¡ Registration

Voditelji ¡ Co-chairpersons:

Darko Vidakovi}, Boìca Grdan, Stjepan Pliesti}, Tomica Tonkovi} i Zlatko Janje~i}

19:00 Doering A. (FEFAC, Bruxelles – Belgija)

Rezime budu}ih izazova EU regulative na podru~ju hrane za ìvotinje – perspektiva oveindustrijske grane

Overview on future challenges for EU feed legislation / an industry perspective

19:15 Hera, A. i Vera Billova (Dràvni veterinarski institut za kontrolu veterinarskih lijekova,Brno – ê{ka)

Uporaba ljekovite hrane u okviru zakona Europske unije u Republici ê{koj

The Usage of Medicated Feed under European Rules in Czech Republic

19:30 Stana, J. i P. Vaculik (ÚKZÚZ, Brno – ê{ka)

Europski i ~e{ki propisi o hrani i njihov poloàj u sustavu sigurnosti hrane

European and Czech legislation in the area of feedingstuffs and their position in food

safety system

19:45 Tká~iková, Jana (Pravni fakultet, Sveu~ili{te Masaryk, Brno – ê{ka)

Europska i ~e{ka regulativa na podru~ju sto~arske proizvodnje – pravni aspektiuvo|enja slu`bene kontrole

European and Czech legislation in the area of animal production; legal aspects of

official control implementation

20:00 Podjela zahvalnica tvornicama sto~ne hrane, ~asopisima Krmiva i Pasze Przemyslowe iosobama

Presentation of letters of acknowledgement to feed producers, journals Krmiva and

Pasze Przemyslowe and individuals

21:00 Domjenak za u~esnike Savjetovanja prire|uje u hotelu Ambasador Krmiva d.o.o.Zagreb

Welcome party for participants of the Conference has been prepared by Krmiva d.o.o.

Zagreb

Sponzori domjenka: ¡ Welcome party is sponsored by:

– Natura Agro d.o.o., \ur|evac

– PP Orahovica d.d., Orahovica

– Klas d.d., Nova Gradi{ka

– TSH Ku{i} promet d.o.o., Donje Psarjevo

– TSH d.o.o., Koprivnica

– Krmiva d.o.o., Zagreb

– Udruga proizvo|a~a, tehnologa i nutricionista sto~ne hrane Hrvatske, Zagreb



UTORAK, 03. lipnja 2008. ¡ Tuesday, June 03, 2008

08:30 Sve~ano otvaranje Savjetovanja ¡ Opening


Janez Salobir, Darko Grbe{a, Davor Kralik, @eljko Mikulec, Eva Strakova, CsabaSzabo, Veseljko Kara~i} i Ewa Kotowska

»Lijepa na{a domovino« izvodi ènska klapa Luka iz Rijeke

» Lijepa na{a domovino« – Croatian anthem performed by female quire Luka – Rijeka

Podjela zahvalnica fakultetima i osobama

Presentation of letters of acknowledgement to faculties and individuals

Pozdravi ¡ Addresses

»Gaudeamus Igitur« izvodi ènska klapa Luka iz Rijeke

»Gaudeamus Igitur« performed by female quire Luka – Rijeka

9:30 Odmor ¡ Short break


Stjepan Muìc, Zvonimir Steiner i Ivan Biuklija

10:00 Janje~i}, Z., S. Muìc, Jasna Pintar, D. Bedekovi}, N. Vo}a i N. [najder

(Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska)

Poga~a uljane repice u hranidbi koko{i nesilica

Rape seed oil-cake in layers nutrition

10:10 Ku{ec, G., Gordana Kralik, V. Margeta, Ivona \urkin i Danica Hanèk

(Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska)

Utjecaj repi~inog ulja u obroku na kvalitativna svojstva mi{i}nog tkiva svinja

Effect of dietary rapeseed oil on pig meat quality traits

10:20 Ma{ek, T. i @. Mikulec (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska)

@ive stanice i kulture kvasca u hranidbi preìva~a

Live yeast cells and cultures in ruminant nutrition

10:30 Mazija, H., Nora Mas i Vlasta [erman (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska)

U~inak hranidbe na imuni odziv ptica

Influence of nutrition on immune status of the birds

10:40 Korol, W., Jolanta Rubaj i Grazyna Bielecka

(Nacionalni laboratorij za krmiva, Lublin – Poljska)

Sustav interpretacije rezultata analize hrane prema interlaboratorijskim usporedbama

A system of feed analysis results interpretation on the base of inter-laboratory

comparisons

10:50 Straková, Eva (Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveu~ili{te, Brno – ê{ka),

Nora Mas (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska),

P. Suchý (Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveu~ili{te, Brno – ê{ka),

Vlasta [erman (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska) i V. Ve~erek (Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveu~ili{te, Brno – ê{ka)

Razlike u sadràju hranjivih tvari u pojedinim sortama uljne repice

Variability in nutrient composition among rapeseed varieties



11:00 Babinszky, L., J. Tossenberger i Cs. Szabó(Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arska)

Globalni trendovi u hranidbi svinja. Izazovi i mogu}nosti

The global trends in pig feeding and nutrition. Challenges and opportunities

11:10 Salobir, J. i Tamara Franki~ (Biotehni{ka fakulteta, Domàle – Slovenija)

Antioksidansi – va`nost za ìvotinje i potro{a~e Antioxidants – significance for animal and consumer

11:20 – 11:35 Odmor ¡ Short break


Sre}ko Gjorgjievski, Antonio Maltar, Zlatko Janje~i} i Almedina Zuko

11:35 Gaj~evi}, Zlata, Gordana Kralik, Marcela [peranda, Z. [krti}

(Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska) i

I. Matani} (Alltech Biotehnologija, Zagreb – Hrvatska)

Utjecaj razli~itih izvora i razina selena na proizvodna obilje`ja i biokemijske pokazateljeu krvi konzumnih nesilica

Influence of different sources and levels of selenium on production and biochemical

traits in blood of laying hens

11:45 \urkin, Ivona, G. Ku{ec, Gordana Kralik, Zlata Gaj~evi} i Zlata Maltar

(Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska)

Utjecaj hranidbenih tretmana na kvalitativna svojstva mi{i}nog tkiva pili}a

Influence of dietary treatments on meat quality traits of broilers

11:55 Steiner, Zv., M. Doma}inovi}, Z. Antunovi}, \. Sen~i}, Marcela [perandai Z. Steiner (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska)

Utjecaj razli~itih razina sirovih bjelan~evina na proizvodne rezultate pili}a u tovu

Effect of different levels of crude protein on the performance of broiler

12:05 Safti}, M. (Ireks aroma, Zagreb – Hrvatska),

D. ôtinski, D. Belore~kov, Maya Ignatova(Institut za sto~arstvo, Kostinbrod – Bugarska) i

N. Nikolov (Konik aroma, Sofija – Bugarska)

Utjecaj arome »citrus komora~« na tov pili}a

Flavour »citrus-fennel« in feeding broiler chicken

12:20 Nikolova, Nedeljka (Institut za sto~arstvo, Skopje – Makedonija),

Zlatica Pavlovski (Institut za sto~arstvo, Zemun – Srbija),

N. Milo{evi} i Lidija Peri} (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Novi Sad – Srbija)

Kvaliteta trupova brojlerskih pili}a Cobb 500 i Hubbard Classic pri hranidbi krmnimsmjesama s niòm i vi{om razinom proteina i energije

Carcass quality of Cobb 500 and Hubbard Classic broiler chicken in diet with lower

and higher level of protein and energy in the feed mixture

12:30 Bíro, D., B. Gálik, M. Jurá~ek, i M. [imko(Slova~ki poljoprivredni fakultet, Nitra – Slova~ka)

Kakvo}a postupka fermentacije visokovla`nog zrna kukuruza

The quality of fermentation process of high moisture corn

Vrijeme za ru~ak ¡ Lunch




Nora Mas, Tomica Beli} i Goce Cilev

15:00 [krti}, Z. (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska),

Alenka Levart (Biotehni{ka fakulteta, Domàle – Slovenija),

Sonja Jovanovac, Vesna Gantner (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska),

D. Kompan (Biotehni{ka fakulteta, Domàle – Slovenija),

P. Boì} i A. Orak (Centar za reprodukciju u sto~arstvu Hrvatske, Krièvci – Hrvatska)

Profil masnih kiselina u mlijeku bu{e

Fatty acids profile in Busha milk

15:10 Avrelio, Dolores (Osijek – Hrvatska),

Mirjana Baban, P. Miji}, Z. Antunovi} (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska),

M. Ernoi} (Vara`dinska ùpanija Vara din, Vara`din – Hrvatska) i

B. Antunovi} (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska)

Mogu}nosti proizvodnje i kori{tenja kobiljeg mlijeka

Possibilities for production and usage of mare’s milk

15:20 Vu~emilo, Marija, Kristina Matkovi} (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska)

Bara Vinkovi}, Sanja Radovi}, Renata Brezak (Hrvatski veterinarski institut, Zagreb – Hrvatska) i

M. Beni} (Adriaservis, Adria grupa, Zagreb – Hrvatska)

U~inak smje{tajnih prilika na higijensku kvalitetu zraka u krma~arniku

Influence of accommodation conditions on hygienic air quality in the sow facility

15:30 Tofant, Alenka (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska)

Sun~ica Uhitil (Veterinarska stanica Grada Zagreba, Zagreb – Hrvatska) i

Nada Glumac (Me|imurske vode d.o.o., âkovec – Hrvatska)

Zna~enje pitke vode za dobrobit, zdravlje i proizvodnost ìvotinja

Role of drinking water on animal welfare, health and productivity

Odmor ¡ Short break

16:00 – 19:00 POSTER SEKCIJA ¡ POSTER SESSION

Voditelj ¡ Co-chairperson:

Zdenko Steiner

Vrijeme za ve~eru ¡ Dinner



SRIJEDA, 04. lipnja 2008. ¡ Wednesday, June 04, 2008


Stjepan Pepeljnjak, Mario Mitak, Salko Muratovi} i Branko Stuburi}

8:30 Pepeljnjak, S., Zdenka Cvetni} i Maja [egvi} Klari}

(Farmaceutsko – biokemijski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska)Okratoksin A i zearalenon: kontaminacija ìtarica i krmiva u Hrvatskoj (1977. – 2007.)i utjecaj na zdravlje ìvotinja i ljudi

Ochratoxin A and zearalenon: food and feed contamination in Croatia (1977 – 2007)

and influence on animal and human health

8:45 Peraica, Maja, A. – M. Domijan, D. Flajs

(Institut za medicinska istraìvanja I medicinu rada, Zagreb – Hrvatska),

D. Ivi} i B. Cvjetkovi} (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska)

Izloènost op}e populacije u Hrvatskoj okratoksinu A

The exposure of general population in Croatia to ochratoxin A

9:00 Pfohl-Leszkowicz, Annie (Department BioSyM, ENSA, Toulouse – Francuska)

Zna~aj nefrotoksi~nosti okratoksina A (OTA) kod prasadi i balkanska endemskanefropatija

Implication of ochratoxin A (OTA) in pig nephrotoxicity and Balkan endemic

nephropathy

9:20 Galtier, P., G. Meissonnier, Joëlle Laffitte, Isabelle P. Oswald i N. Loiseau

(Farmakolo{ko – toksikolo{ki laboratorij, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Toulouse – Francuska)

Molekularne interakcije izme|u mikotoksina i lijekova koji se metaboliziraju u jetri

glodavaca i farmskih ìvotinja Molecular interactions between mycotoxins and liver drug metabolizing enzymes in

rodents and farm animals

9:40 Surai, P. F. (Scotish Agricultural College, Edinburgh – [kotska,UK, University of Glasgow, Glasgow – [kotska, UK, Trakia University, Stara Zagora – Bugarska i Szent Istvan University, Gödölló – Ma|arska),

M. Mezes (Szent Istvan University, Gödölló – Ma|arska),

S. D. Melnichuk (National Agricultural University, Kiev – Ukrajina) i

Tatiana I. Fotina (Sumy National Agrarian University – Ukrajina)

Mikotoksini i zdravlje ìvotinja: od oksidativnog stresa do ekspresije gena

Mycotoxins and animal health: from oxidative stress to gene expression

9:55 Hofstetter, Ursula (Biomin, Herzogenburg – Austrija)

Mikotoksini – skrivena opasnost u hranidbi ìvotinja

Mycotoxins – the hidden hazards in animal nutrition

10:10 Eidelsburger, U. (BASF, Burgbernheim – Njema~ka) i

D. Feuerstein (BASF, Ludwigshafen – Njema~ka)

Iskori{tenje punog potencijala Natuphos® fitaze kod nepreìva~a

Using the full potential of Natuphos® phytase in monogastric animals

10:25 Meyer, Gesa (Lohmann Animal Health, Cuxhaven – Njema~ka)Probiotici pruàju nove mogu}nosti za pobolj{anje zdravlja i proizvodnosti krma~a iprasadi

Probiotics provide new opportunities for improving health and performance in sows

and piglets



10:40 Stjernberg, G. (Perten Instruments, Stockholm – [vedska)

Analiza sto~ne hrane, krmiva i bio-etanola pomo}u instrumenta Diode Array 7200,firme Perten Instruments

Analyses of Feed, Forage and Bio-ethanol using Diode Array 7200 from Perten

Instruments

10:55 – 11:15 Odmor ¡ Short break


Ivan Bogut, Neven Vo}a i Dario Golub

11:15 Frajman, Polonca, V. Margeta i Gordana Kralik (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska)

Povezanost kandidatnih gena s klaoni~kim svojstvima svinja

Interaction between candidate genes and slaughter traits in pigs

11:25 Klasse, H. – J. (AlzChem, Trostberg – Njema~ka)

Suzbijanje muha i prevencija dizenterije na svinjogojskim farmama kemijskimtretiranjem gnojavke

Control of stable flies and prevention of dysentery in pig fattening units by chemical

treatment of the residual slurry under the slatted floor

11:40 Valverde Piedra, J. L., S. E. Szyman’czyk, M. Kapica, Iwona Puzio, M. Pawlowska

(Poljoprivredni fakultet, Lublin – Poljska) i

P. Michalowski (Mifarmex Sp. z o.o., Nieporet – Poljska)

Zajedni~ki u~inak butirata i ekstrakta Yucca Schidigeri na gastrointestinalni sustav svinja pri odbi}u

Combined effect of butyrate and Yucca Schidigeri extract on the gastrointestinal tract

of pigs around weaning

11:50 Franki~, Tamara, Vida Rezar i J. Salobir (Biotehni{ka fakulteta, Domàle – Slovenija)Utjecaj ekstrakta kestena (Farmatan®) na oksidativni stres uzrokovan uno{enjem velikihkoli~ina PUFA kod odbite prasadi

The effect of sweet chestnut extract (Farmatan® ) on oxidative stress induced by high

pufa intake in weaned pigs

12:00 Wähner, M. (Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburg – Njema~ka),

J. Kauffold (University of Leipzig, Leipzig – Njema~ka) i

Nedeljka Nikolova (Institut za sto~arstvo, Skopje – Makedonija)

Utjecaj hranidbe na izlu~ivanje FSH i LH tijekom laktacije, na maternicu i razvoj folikulau krma~a poslije odbi}a

Influence of feeding level on FSH and LH secretion patterns during lactation, onuterus and follicle development after weaning in sows

12:10 Westerhof, M., (Topigs International, Vught – Nizozemska)

Geneti~ki trendovi u odnosu na proizvodne rezultate farmi

Genetic trends in relation to farm performance

12:25 Sviben, M. (Zagreb – Hrvatska)

Utjecaj razli~itih na~ina hranidbe na mesnatost hibridnih svinja

The Influence of Different Feeding Regimes on the Lean Meat Content of Hybrid Pigs

12:35 Vrijeme za ru~ak ¡ Lunch



OKRUGLI STOL ¡ ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION

organiziraju Krmiva d.o.o. Zagreb ¡ is organized by Krmiva d.o.o. Zagreb

Utjecaj proizvodnja biogoriva na proizvodnju hrane Impact of biofuel production on food and feed

Voditelj ¡ Co-chairperson:

Darko Grbe{a

16:00 Kri~ka, Tajana, N. Vo}a, Vanja Juri{i}, Tea Brlek Savi}

(Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska) i

Sanja Kalambura (Veleu~ili{te, Velika Gorica – Hrvatska)

Klaoni~ki otpad kao biognojivo nakon procesa alkalne hidrolize

Slaughterhouse waste as a fertilizer after the process of alkaline hydrolisis

16:10 Grbe{a, D. (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska)

Utjecaj proizvodnje bioetanola iz ìtarica na sto~arstvo

Effect of the bioethanol production from cereals on animal production

16:20 Varga, B., Z. Sve~njak i @. Juki} (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska)

Ratarske sirovine za proizvodnju biogoriva u Hrvatskoj

Field crops for biofuel production in Croatia

16:30 Kralik, D., Gabriella Kaniài, Ana-Marija Elter (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska),

S. Kuki} (Bioplin – Baranja, Bilje – Hrvatska) i

Nata{a Uranjek (@ito, Osijek – Hrvatska)

Sudanska trava – energetska biljka za proizvodnju bioplina

Sudan grass – energy crop for biogas production

16:40 Kalambura, Sanja (Veleu~ili{te, Velika Gorica – Hrvatska) i

D. Kalambura (BBS Projekt, Zagreb – Hrvatska)

Proizvodnja biogoriva i utjecaj na europsko trì{te sirovina

Biofuel production and its effect on Europe’s resource market

16:50 Ba{i}, F. (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska)

Utjecaj biogoriva na sustave uzgoja bilja i ekolo{ke posljedice uzgoja bilja za biogorivo

Influence of biofuel on plant production systems and environmental impact of

production of plants for biofuel

17:00 Tomi}, F. i Tajana Kri~ka (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska)

Raspoloìve poljoprivredne povr{ine za proizvodnju biogoriva u Hrvatskoj

Agricultural areas available for biofuel production in Croatia

Rasprava ¡ Discussion

Vrijeme za ve~eru ¡ Dinner



ÊTVRTAK, 05. lipnja 2008. ¡ Thursday, June 05, 2008


Tajana Kri~ka, Davor Perki} i Branimir Rozman

8:30 Brajkovi}, G. (Buzet – Hrvatska) i

D. Perki} ( TSH Ku{i} promet, Donje Psarjevo – Hrvatska)Upravljanje toplinskim stresom u mlije~nih krava

Management of heat stress in dairy cows

8:45 Nastova-Djordjioska, Rodne (Institut za sto~arstvo, Skopje – Makedonija)

Saprobiolo{ka ocjena kvalitete vode rijeke Vardar u R.Makedoniji na osnovubioindikatorskih vrsta riba

Saprobiological water quality eveluation of the river Vardar in the R. Macedonia

according to bioindikatory type of fish

8:55 Vajda, V. i Iveta Maskal’ova (Sveu~ili{te veterinarske medicine, Ko{ice – Slova~ka)

Utjecaj kvalitete krmiva na proizvodnost i zdravlje mlije~nih krava

The effects of forage quality on production and health in dairy cows

9:05 Lavren~i~, A. (Biotehni{ka fakulteta, Domàle – Slovenija)

Tanini u hranidbi preìva~a

Tannins in ruminant nutrition

9:15 Muhamedagi}, S. i S. Muratovi}

(Poljoprivredno – prehrambeni fakultet, Sarajevo – Bosna i Hercegovina)

Prirast mla|i kalifornijske pastrve (Oncorhynchus mykiss) u ovisnosti od sadràjaslobodne uglji~ne kiseline u vodi

Growth rate of the rainbow trout’s fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss) dependence on contents

of free carbonic acid in the water

9:25 Formigoni, A. (Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Bologna – Italija)

Kontrola energetskog balansa u suhostaju, klju~ uspjeha u proizvodnji mlije~nih krava

Energy balance control in transition, a key to success in dairy production

9:45 Vu~evac Bajt, Vesna (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska)

Razvoj veterinarstva u Hrvatskoj

Development of veterinary medicine in Croatia

9:55 Koza~inski, Lidija, M. Had iosmanovi}, @eljka Cvrtila Fleck, N. Zdolec i I. Filipovi}

(Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska)

Sigurnost krmiva kao uvjet zdravstvene ispravnosti hrane na trì{tu

Safety of an animal food as a condition for sanitary validity of a food on a market

10:05 Salamon, Rosalia Veronika(Sapientia – Ma|arski univerzitet Transilvania, Csikszereda – Rumunjska),

Katalin Lóki (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arska)

Szidónia Salamon(Sapientia – Ma|arski univerzitet Transilvania, Csikszereda – Rumunjska),

Zsuzsana Csapó-Kiss (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arska) i

J. Csapó (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arska i Sapientia – Ma|arski univerzitet Transilvania, Csikszereda – Rumunjska),

Sadràj konjugirane linolne kiseline na hranjive tvari i hranu proizvedenukonvencionalnim na~inom i mikrovalnim zagrijavanjem

Conjugated linoleic acid content of feeding stuffs and foods produced by conventional

and microwave heat treatment



10:15 Vukobratovi}, Marija (Visoko gospodarsko u~ili{te, Krièvci – Hrvatska),

Nata{a Pinti} Pukec(HSC – Sredi{nji laboratorij za kontrolu mlijeka, Poljana Krièva~ka – Hrvatska),

Vesna Samobor, @. Vukobratovi}, V. Pinti} i \. Kalember

(Visoko gospodarsko u~ili{te, Krièvci – Hrvatska),

Utjecaj gnojidbe na urod, kemijski sastav i hranidbenu vrijednost klipa i zrna kukuruza

Influence of fertilization on yield, chemical composition and nutritive value of maize cob

and grain

10:25 Jakubowski, H. (Borregaard LignoTech, Düsseldorf – Njema~ka)Softacid® – novi, efikasni i siguran koncept za proizvodnju sto~ne hrane baziran naza{ti}enim organskim kiselinamaSoftacid® – a new, efficient and safe concept for the feed market based on

protected acids

Rasprava ¡ Discussion

Zaklju~ci i sve~ano zatvaranje Savjetovanja ¡ Conclusions and official closing of Conference

Cocktail za sve sudionike Savjetovanja prire|uje Slavko Luli}, dipl.ing., direktor KRMIVA d.o.o., Zagreb

Cocktail for all Conference participants hosted by Mr. Slavko Luli}, director KRMIVA

d.o.o., Zagreb



POSTER SEKCIJA ¡ POSTER SESSION

Kralik, Gordana, S. Luli}, V. Margeta i Danica Hanèk (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska)Ugradnja omega 3 masnih kiselina u mi{i}no tkivo svinja

Incorporation of omega-3 fatty acids into muscular tissue of pigs

Zadnik, T., J. Stari~, J. Jeèk, M. Klinkon (Veterinarski fakultet, Ljubljana – Slovenija) i T. Cigler (Veterinarska stanica Brestanica, Brestanica – Slovenija) Trovanje goveda o{trodlakavim {}irom ( Amaranrthus retroflexus)

Poisoning in cattle associated with ingestion of redroot pigweed (Amaranrthus retroflexus) – case report

ûkli}, D., Tatjana Jelen (Visoko gospodarsko u~ili{te, Krièvci – Hrvatska),F. Poljak (Hrvatski sto~arski centar, Zagreb – Hrvatska), J. Crn~i} (Srednja gospodarska {kola, Krièvci – Hrvatska) iD. Maren~i} (Visoko gospodarsko u~ili{te, Krièvci – Hrvatska)Utjecaj hranidbe na koli~inu i sastav mlijeka na mlije~noj farmi Srednje gospodarske {kole u Krièvcima

Influence of feeding on quantity and milk composition on cattle farm of Krièvci secondary

agricultural school

Volj~, Mojca, Alenka Levart, A. Lavren~i~ i J. Salobir (Biotehni{ka fakulteta, Domàle – Slovenija)Utjecaj na~ina drànja i sezone na sastav masnih kiselina mlijeka u SlovenijiThe influence of rearing regime and season on milk fatty acid composition in Slovenia

Gantner, Vesna (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska),K. Poto~nik (Biotehni{ka fakulteta, Domàle – Slovenija) iSonja Jovanovac i N. Ragu` (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska)Utjecaj subklini~ke ketoze na dnevnu koli~inu i sastav mlijeka slovenskih holstein krava

Effect of subclinical ketosis on daily milk yield and milk components of Slovenian holstein

Maher, A., M. Janèkovi~ i M. Volk (Fakulteta za kmetijstvo, Maribor – Slovenija)U~inak pasterizacije na mikrobiolo{ku kakvo}u mlije~nih proizvodaThe effect of pasteurization on microbiological quality of milk products

Zmai}, K., Tihana Sudari} i Ruìca Lon~ari} (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska)Ekonomika proizvodnje mlijeka na poljoprivrednim gospodarstvima isto~ne HrvatskeEconomic production of milk on farms in Eastern Croatia

Grbe{a, D. i G. Ki{ (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska)Utjecaj krupno}e mljevenja i tipa endosperma na ruminalnu in vitro probavljivost {kroba

Effect of particle size and endosperm type on ruminal in vitro digestibility of starch

Vo}a, N., Tajana Kri~ka, Vanja Juri{i} (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska) Anaerobna fermentacija kravljeg gnoja, silaè i sjenaè Anaerobic fermentation of cow manure, silage and hay

Ku{ec, V., S. Jer~inovi} (Visoko gospodarsko u~ili{te, Krièvci – Hrvatska) i

S. Pliesti} (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska)Ekonomi~nost rada mlina ~eki}ara pri usitnjavanju kukuruza i sojine sa~me

Economical labour of hammermils in the case of grinding of corn and soyabean pellets

Pliesti}, S., D. Filipovi}, Nadica Dobri~evi}, Sandra Vo}a (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska) i V. Ku{ec (Visoko gospodarsko u~ili{te, Krièvci – Hrvatska)Fizikalne osobine pra{ine u proizvodnji krmnih smjesa

Physical properties of grain dust in feed production

Grbe{a, D., Z. Sve~njak i G. Ki{ (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska)Kemijski sastav i in vitro probavljivost dijelova biljke kukuruzaChemical composition and in vitro digestibility of different parts of maize plant

Stjepanovi}, M., R. Gantner (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska),S. Popovi}, T. ûpi} (Poljoprivredni institut, Osijek – Hrvatska)M. Kneèvi} i Marina Vrani} (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska)Krmna vrijednost smjese ozimog gra{ka i p{enice u razli~itim rokovima ko{nje

Forage value of winter pea/wheat mixture at different cuts



P. Krstic, Milena, Radmila Markovi}, D. Sefer i Z. Sinovec (Veterinarski fakultet, Beograd – Srbija)Mineralni sastav zelene mase i sijena sa podru~ja Div~ibara

Mineral composition of the green mass and hay from Divcibare region

îvi}, H., Senija Alibegovi}-Grbi} i M. Bezdrob(Poljoprivredno – prehrambeni fakultet, Sarajevo – Bosna i Hercegovina)Utjecaj gnojidbe du{ikom, vremena ko{nje i dosijavanja na produktivnost prirodnog travnjaka

Significance of nitrogen fertilizer, time mowing and undersowing on the production of natural grassland

Lóki, Katalin (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arska),Sanja Kalambura (Veleu~ili{te, Velika Gorica – Hrvatska),Zs. Mándoki (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arska), Tajana Kri~ka (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska),Gabriella Pohn (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arska),Cs. Albert (Sapientia – Ma|arski univerzitet Transilvania, Csikszereda – Rumunjska),Zsuzsana Csapó-Kiss (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arska) i J. Csapó (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arska i Sapientia – Ma|arski univerzitet Transilvania,Csikszereda – Rumunjska)Sadràj D-triptofana u alkalno probavljenom mesnom bra{nu

D-tryptophan contents of alkaline digested meat flours

Mándoki, Zs. (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arska),Cs. Albert (Sapientia – Ma|arski univerzitet Transilvania, Csikszereda – Rumunjska),Gabriella Pohn (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arska),Szidonia Salamon (Sapientia – Ma|arski univerzitet Transilvania, Csikszereda – Rumunjska),Zsuzsana Csapó-Kiss (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arska) i J. Csapó (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arska i Sapientia – Ma|arski univerzitet Transilvania,Csikszereda – Rumunjska)Separacija i odre|ivanje selenoaminokiselina u hrani i krmivima pomo}u ionsko-izmjenjiva~kekromatografijeSeparation and determination of selenoamino acids in foods and feeding stuffs by ion-exchange

chromatography

Jamroz, Dorota(Fakultet biologije i sto~arstva Sveu~ili{ta ekolo{kih i biomedicinskih znanosti, Wroclav – Poljska),Z. Wzorek (Tehni~ko sveu~ili{te, Krakow – Poljska), Agnieszka Gajda – Janiak (Fakultet biologije i sto~arstva Sveu~ili{ta ekolo{kih i biomedicinskih znanosti, Wroclav – Poljska) iZ. Kowalski (Tehni~ko sveu~ili{te, Krakow – Poljska)Fizikalno-kemijske karakteristike fosfata u krmivima kao kriterij njihove klasifikacije

Physico-chemical characteristic of fodder phosphates as a criterion of their classification

Gajda-Janiak, Agnieszka, Dorota Jamroz(Fakultet biologije i sto~arstva Sveu~ili{ta ekolo{kih i biomedicinskih znanosti, Wroclav – Poljska) i

Z. Wzorek (Tehni~ko sveu~ili{te, Krakow – Poljska)Ocjena kvalitete krmnih fosfata na temelju njihovog kemijskog sastava i topljivosti Evaluation of the fodder phosphates quality on the basis of their chemical composition and solubility

Walczyn’ski, S. i W. Korol (Nacionalni laboratorij za krmiva, Lublin – Poljska)Dugoro~ni nadzor homogenosti krmnih smjesa od strane dràvnih tijela

Long-term monitoring of homogeneity of compound feed in the government supervision

Bielecka, Grazyna, Jolanta Rubaj i W. Korol (Nacionalni laboratorij za krmiva, Lublin – Poljska)Potreba standardiziranja ekstrahiranog sjemena uljane repice kao nusproizvoda u proizvodnji biogorivaThe need for standardization of rapeseed expeller as a by-product from bio-fuels production

[egvi} Klari}, Maja, I. Kosalec, Zdenka Cvetni} i S. Pepeljnjak

(Farmaceutsko – biokemijski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska)Komparacija ELISA i TLC/HPLC metoda za odre|ivanje ZEA i OTA u hrani i krmiComparison between ELISA and TLC/HPLC methods for detemination of zearalenon and ochratoxin A

in food and feed



Mándoki, Zs., G. Pohn (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arska),Cs. Albert, Sz. Salamon (Sapientia – Ma|arski univerzitet Transilvania, Csikszereda – Rumunjska),Zsuzsana Csapó-Kiss (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arska) i J. Csapó (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arska i Sapientia – Ma|arski univerzitet Transilvania,Csikszereda – Rumunjska)Mogu}nosti odre|ivanja selenoamino kiselina u hrani i hranjivim sastojcima pomo}u teku}inskekromatografije

Possibilities of liquid chromatographic determination of selenoamino acids and its food and feeding

stuff analytical aspects

Cilev, G., B. Pala{evski (Institut za sto~arstvo, Skopje – Makedonija),S. Gjorgjievski (Fakultet agronomskih nauka i hrane, Skopje – Makedonija),Nata{a Gjorgovska i Vesna Levkov (Institut za sto~arstvo, Skopje – Makedonija)Hranidbena vrijednost uvoznih krmiva u Republici Makedoniji

Nutritive value of imported feedstuffs in Republic of Macedonia

Gross-Bo{kovi}, Andrea, Danijela Petrovi}, Martina Jurkovi}, Sanja Milo{(Hrvatska agencija za hranu, Osijek – Hrvatska), T. Florijan~i} i I. Bo{kovi} (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska)Rezultati slu`bene kontrole hrane za ìvotinje u procjeni rizikaOverview of the official control results of feed for the purpose of risk identification

Jelen, Tatjana, D. Maren~i}, V. Pinti} (Visoko gospodarsko u~ili{te, Krièvci – Hrvatska) iNata{a Pinti} Pukec (HSC – Sredi{nji laboratorij za kontrolu mlijeka, Poljana Krièva~ka – Hrvatska)Kakvo}a svinjskih polovica kriànaca pietren i hemp{ir pasmine

Pig carcass quality of Pietren and Hampshire crossbreeds

Gjorgjievski, S. (Fakultet agronomskih nauka i hrane, Skopje – Makedonija), Ana Murgjieva-Mijakova, Violeta Bo~varova, Sonja Efremova (Agria group, Veles – Makedonija),M. Traj~ev (Fakultet agronomskih nauka i hrane, Skopje – Makedonija) iG. Cilev (Institut za sto~arstvo, Skopje – Makedonija),Utjecaj vremena odbi}a na proizvodne karakteristike prasadiThe influence of weaning time onto productive characteristics of piglets

Sviben, M. (Zagreb – Hrvatska)O~ekivani i opaèni prirasti ìve vage te koli~ine krme potrebne ukupno, potro{ive za uzdràvanje,raspoloìve za proizvodnju i poloìve pra{~i}ima

Expected and Observed Growth Rates and the Quantities of feed required Totally, Consumable for the

Maintenance, Available for the Production and Possible Given to Piglets

Vincek, D. (Vara dinska ùpanija, Vara`din – Hrvatska),Ivona \urkin, Gordana Kralik, A. Petri~evi} (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska),U. Baulain (Institute for animal breeding, Mariensee – Njema~ka) iG. Ku{ec (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska)Utjecaj hranidbenog tretmana na karakteristike rasta svinja

Influence of feeding regime on pig growth characteristics

Grbe{a, D. i G. Ki{ (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska)Dinamika in vitro probavljivosti {kroba u tankom crijevu svinje

Kinetics of in vitro digestibility of starch in small intestine of pig

Puzio, Iwona, J. L. Valverde Piedra, M. Kapica, M. Bien’ko, M. Pawłowska(Poljoprivredni fakultet, Lublin – Poljska),E. Kusinska (Fakultet proizvodnog inènjerstva, Lublin – Poljska) iS. E. Szyman’czyk (Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Lublin – Poljska)U~inak butirata i ekstrakta Yucca Schidigeri na kvalitetu kostiju tijekom rasta prasadiThe effect of butyrate and Yucca Schidigeri extract on bone quality in developing piglets

Gagi}, A., Fahira Alibegovi}-Ze~i}, Aida Kavazovi}, Slavica Piplica i ]. Crnki}(Veterinarski fakultet, Sarajevo – Bosna i Hercegovina)Nutritivno-tehnolo{ki pogled na upotrebu ulja uzgojene crnjike ( Nigella sativa) u tovu pili}a

Nutritive and technological view on use of black seed (Nigella sativa) oil in fattening chicks



Re{idbegovi}, Emina, A. Gagi}, Aida Kustura, T. Goleti} i Aida Kavazovi}(Veterinarski fakultet, Sarajevo – Bosna i Hercegovina)U~inak ulja uzgojene crnjike ( Nigella sativa) na imunosni odziv pili}a u tovuThe effect of black seed oil (Nigella sativa) on the immunity response of broilers

Ve~erek, V. (Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveu~ili{te, Brno – ê{ka),Nora Mas (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska),

F. Vitula, Eva Straková (Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveu~ili{te, Brno – ê{ka), Vlasta [erman (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska) iP. Suchý (Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveu~ili{te, Brno – ê{ka)Klaoni~ka vrijednost odabranih vrsta peradiSlaughter values in the selected species of feathered game birds

[krti}, Z., Gordana Kralik, Zlata Gaj~evi} (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska),I. Krièk (Phoenix Farmacija, Osijek – Hrvatska) iDanica Hanèk (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska)

Tovna obilje`ja te{kih hibrida pura Fattening characteristics of turkey heavy hybrids

Acamovic, T. (SAC, Edinburgh – [kotska,UK) i

G. Bertin (Alltech France, Levallois – Perret – Francuska)Utjecaj dodatka Sel-Plex ®-a obroku pili}a na deponiranje selena u tkivima

Effects of supra-dietary supplementation of chicken diets with Sel-Plex® on selenium deposition in

tissues

Egorov, I. A., N. Y. Chesnokova, E. V. Ivachnick (Sveruski instraìva~ki institut za uzgoj peradi, Sergiev Posad – Rusija), T. T. Papazyan (Alltech Russia, Moscow – Rusija) iP. F. Surai (Avian Science Research Centre – [kotska,UK)U~inak Sel-Plex ®-a i vitamina E u obroku koko{i nesilica na akumulaciju selena i vitamina E u jajima

Effect of Sel-Plex ® and vitamin E dietary supplementation of laying hens on selenium and vitamin E

accumulation in eggs

Hodì}, Aida, A. Gagi}, M. Hamam|i}, J. Krni}, A. Hrkovi}, M. Katica, E. [alji}, NejraHadìmusi} i Eva Juhas-Pa{i} (Veterinarski fakultet, Sarajevo – Bosna i Hercegovina)Lipidi plazme i hematolo{ka slika tovnih pili}a tretiranih uljem uzgojene crnjike

Plasma lipids and hematological picture of broilers supplemented with blackseed (Nigella sativa L.) oil

Suchý, P. (Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveu~ili{te, Brno – ê{ka),Nora Mas (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska),Eva Straková (Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveu~ili{te, Brno – ê{ka), Vlasta [erman (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska) i V. Ve~erek (Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveu~ili{te, Brno – ê{ka)Utjecaj biljnog aditiva »ZeoFeed« na produktivnost nesilicaThe effect of a herbal additive » ZeoFeed « on performance parameters in layers

Tossenberger, J. (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arska), A. Lemme (Evonik Degussa, Hanau – Njema~ka),G. Gyurcsó i L. Babinszky (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar – Ma|arska)Utjecaj dodatka treonina na proizvodne rezultate tovnih pili}aThe effect of threonine supply on broiler performance

Gjorgovska, Nata{a (Institut za sto~arstvo, Skopje – Makedonija),K. Filev (Fakultet agronomskih nauka i hrane, Skopje – Makedonija) iRossitza Konakchieva (Institut za biologiju »Akad. K. Bratanov«, Sofija – Bugarska)Utjecaj induciranog mitarenja na hormonalni status izlu~enih koko{i nesilica

Influence of induced molting on hormonal status of aged laying hens

Jas’kiewicz, T. (Fakultet proizvodnog inènjerstva, Lublin – Poljska),

Iwona Puzio, M. Bien’ko (Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Lublin – Poljska) i A. Sagan (Fakultet proizvodnog inènjerstva, Lublin – Poljska)Utjecaj dodatka konjugirane linolne kiseline na svojstva kostiju tovnih pili}a

Influence of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on bone properties in broiler chickens



Kralik, I., Z. Tolu{i}, Zlata Gaj~evi}, Z. [krti} i Gordana Kralik (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska)Komparativni prikaz tro{kova proizvodnje pile}eg mesa konvencionalnog i modificiranog sastavaComparative overview of costs in production of conventional and modified chicken meat

Hrkovi}, Amina, Aida Hodì}, M. Hamamdì}, M. Vegara, Z. Sari}, A. Zahirovi}, Eva Juhas-Pa{i}i J. Krni} (Veterinarski fakultet, Sarajevo – Bosna i Hercegovina)

Karakteristike biokemijskog statusa bosansko-hercegova~ke pramenkeCaracteristics of blood biochemical parameters in Bosnia-Hercegovina’s pramenka breed sheep

Antunovi}, Z., B. Kopi}, Marcela [peranda, Z. Steiner i J. Novoselec(Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska)Utjecaj dodatka selena na proizvodna svojstva janjadi i koncentraciju hormona {titnja~eThe influence of selenium on lambs productive traits and concentration of thyroid hormones

[kandro, Mevla (Veterinarski fakultet, Sarajevo – Bosna i Hercegovina), A. Tarik (Islamska zajednica, Agencija za certificiranje kvalitete halal hrane, Sarajevo – Bosna i Hercegovina),F. aklovica, Bedrija Ali} i Fahira Alibegovi}-Ze~i}(Veterinarski fakultet, Sarajevo – Bosna i Hercegovina)

Utjecaj peletirane hrane na pokazatelje kakvo}e mesa novozelandskog bijelog kuni}a Influence of pelleted food on quality indicators for New Zealand white rabbit meat

Pirman, Tatjana i A. Ore{nik (Biotehni{ka fakulteta, Domàle – Slovenija)Utjecaj dodatka vlaknine na promjene uvjeta u probavnom sustavu laboratorijskih {takoraThe addition of fibre in a diet change the conditions in the digestive tract of laboratory rats

Antunovi}, Z., Marcela [peranda, \. Sen~i}, M. Doma}inovi} i J. Novoselec(Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska)Djelotvornost probiotskog pripravka »Probios 2B« u hranidbi jaradi

Efficiency of probiotic preparation » Probios 2B« in goat kids feeding

Gjorgjievski, S. (Fakultet agronomskih nauka i hrane, Skopje – Makedonija),

R. Prodanov i Radmila ^r~eva-Nikolovska (Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Skopje – Makedonija)Utjecaj hranidbe na inducirano dijabeti~ne eksperimentalne ìvotinjeThe influence of nutrition onto induced diabetic experimental animals

Luài}, R., Z. Pu{kadija, T. Florijan~i}, A. Opa~ak, I. Bogut, I. Bo{kovi} i D. Jelki}(Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska)Posje}enost suncokreta ( Helianthus annuus L.) medonosnom p~elom ( Apis mellifera carnica) u agro-eko sustavu BaranjeVisitation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. P.) by honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica) in agro-eco

system of Baranja region

Bo{kovi}, I., T. Florijan~i}, A. Opa~ak, Z. Tucak, Z. Pu{kadija(Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska) i

Andrea Gross – Bo{kovi} (Hrvatske agencija za hranu, Osijek – Hrvatska)Utjecaj ekolo{kih ~imbenika na rad pasa po krvnom traguThe impact of ecological factors on work of blood hounds

van der Elsen, J. (Silo S.r.l., Firenza – Italija)Baby C4, gliceridi masla~ne kiseline

Baby C4, butyric acid glycerides

Pavli~evi}, J. (Agronomski fakultet, Mostar – Bosna i Hercegovina),N. Fijan (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb – Hrvatska), T. [peranda (Medical Intertrade, Sveta Nedelja – Hrvatska),S. Ivankovi} (Agronomski fakultet, Mostar – Bosna i Hercegovina) iI. Bogut (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek – Hrvatska)

Primjena mananoligosaharida u tovu duì~aste pastrve (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Effects of mannan-oligosaccharides in feeding of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)



OP]E OBAVIJESTI

1. Prijava Prijavnicu popunite i po{aljite na ve} navedenu adresu organizatora Savjetovanja

najkasnije do 20. svibnja 2008. godine

2. Kotizacija Obvezna i iznosi 610,00 kuna po osobi (PDV uklju~en)

U cijenu kotizacije je uklju~eno: sudjelovanje na savjetovanju, simultani prijevod i

konferencijski materijal.

Uplata kotizacije na transakcijski ra~un KRMIVA, Zagreb broj

2484008-1100174768, s naznakom – KOTIZACIJA

Kopiju virmana obvezatno predo~iti na recepciji savjetovanja.

Sudionici mogu kotizaciju platiti i gotovinom na Savjetovanju prilikom prijave.

3. Slu`beni jezici Slu`beni jezici su hrvatski i engleski, simultani prijevod osiguran.

4. Smje{taj Sudionicima Savjetovanja koji se prijave najkasnije do 20.05.2008. osiguran je

smje{taj u vremenu od 2. do 5. lipnja 2008. godine u Opatiji u hotelima:

HOTEL AMBASADOR, tel. +385 51 743 333, fax. +385 51 743 444,

ambasadorºliburnia.hr

u dvokrevetnoj sobi

u jednokrevetnoj sobi

no}enje sa doru~kom

no}enje sa doru~kom

385,00 kn

572,00 kn

Dodatni obrok 120,00 kn po osobi/obroku

HOTEL BELVEDERE, tel. +385 51 271 044, fax. +385 51 271 484, belvedereºliburnia.hr

u dvokrevetnoj sobi

polupansion 297,00 kn no}enje sa doru~kom 235,00 kn



HOTEL IMPERIAL, tel. +385 51 271 677, fax. +385 51 272 848, imperialºliburnia.hr

u dvokrevetnoj sobi




Boravi{na pristojba iznosi 7,00 kn po osobi dnevno.

Prijava 4,00 kn po osobi jednokratno.

Smje{taj i pansionske usluge sudionici sami pla}aju na recepciji hotela.

5. Rezervacija

smje{taja

Rezervaciju smje{taja vr{e sudionici sami na ve} navedene adrese hotela

6. Registracija

sudionika

Ponedjeljak 2. lipnja 2008. od 15:00 sati.

Utorak 3. lipnja 2008. od 7:00 sati na recepciji organizatora Savjetovanja.

7. Napomena Za sve dodatne obavijesti i informacije o Savjetovanju, molimo obratite se na telefonorganizatora broj +385 1 483 39 93, Zdenka Horvat.

K R M I V A 2 0 0 8

Organizator: Krmiva d.o.o. Gunduli}eva 45, Zagreb – Croatia

Telefon: +385 (0)1 48 33 993, Fax: +385 (0)1 48 31 281

E-mail: krmivaºkrmiva.hr



GENERAL NOTICE

1. Venue Conference will be held in the Congress Hall of hotel Ambassador, Opatija

2. Registration fee 85 Euro per person, at Raiffeisenbank Austria d.d. Zagreb, SWIFT CODE:

RZBHHR2X, IBAN: HR3624840081100174768

Registration fee covers: all conference sessions, simultaneous translation and conference

materials.

Registration fee might be paid at the registration desk.

3. Official languages Official languages are Croatian and English, with simultaneous translation.

4. Accomodation Accomodation has been organized for participants of Conference during the period from

June 2 – 5, 2008 at following hotels in Opatija

HOTEL AMBASADOR , tel. +385 51 743 333, fax. +385 51 743 444, ambasadorºliburnia.hr

double room

single room

bed and breakfast

bed and breakfast

385,00 kn

572,00 kn

Additional meal 120,00 kn per person/ meal

HOTEL BELVEDERE, tel. +385 51 271 044, fax. +385 51 271 484, belvedereºliburnia.hr

double roomhalfboard 297,00 kn bed and breakfast 235,00 kn

single room

halfboard 452,00 kn bed and breakfast 390,00 kn

HOTEL IMPERIAL, tel. +385 51 271 677, fax. +385 51 272 848, imperialºliburnia.hr

double room


single room


The daily local tax is not included in the above prices.

Accomodation and room and bar service have to be paid at the hotel reception.

5. Accomodation

reservation

Reservation should be made at hotel directly until May 20, 2008

6. Participants

registration

Monday, June 2 from 3:00 p.m.

Tuesday, June 3 from 7:00 a.m. at the Conference reception, hotel Ambassador.

7. Note For all additional notices and detailed information about the Conference, please contact the

organizer phone: +385 1 483 39 93, Mrs. Zdenka Horvat.

K R M I V A 2 0 0 8

Organizator: Krmiva d.o.o. Gunduli}eva 45, Zagreb – Croatia

Telefon: +385 (0)1 48 33 993, Fax: +385 (0)1 48 31 281

E-mail: krmivaºkrmiva.hr



K R M I VA 2 0 0 8 XV ME\UNARODNO SAVJETOVANJE

15th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

KRMIVA d.o.o. ZAGREB ZAHVALJUJE ZA SPONZORSTVO SLIJEDE]IM TVRTKAMA

KRMIVA d.o.o. ZAGREB THANKS THE FOLLOWING COMPANIES AND ORGANIZATIONS

FOR THEIR KIND SPONSORSHIP

ALLTECH Inc. – Kentucky, USA

BASF Chem Trade GmbH – Burgbernheim, Njema~ka

BIO-PHARM-VET d.o.o. – Zagreb

BRENNTAG HRVATSKA d.o.o. – Zagreb

IREKS AROMA d.o.o. – Zagreb AGROVIT d.o.o. – Ptuj, Slovenija

KU[I] PROMET d.o.o. – Donje Psarjevo

LOHMAN ANIMAL HEALTH GmbH & Co KG – Vorchdorf, Austrija

KRKA FARMA d.o.o. – Zagreb

LUPRES d.o.o. – Bartolovec

HOLCIM MINERALNI AGREGATI [UMBER d.o.o. – Nede{}ina

PHOENIX FARMACIJA d.d. – Zagreb

VITAMEX N.V. – Drongen, Belgija

LABENA d.o.o. – ZagrebBIOMIN d.o.o. Vrbovec

BIOMIN GmbH – Herzogenburg, Austrija

KRMIVA d.o.o. – Zagreb

TANIN d.d. – Sevnica, Slovenija

LEKOS d.o.o. – Sevnica, Slovenija

NOACK d.o.o. – Zagreb

VETERINA d.o.o. – Kalinovica

SANO – Suvremena hranidba ìvotinja d.o.o. – Popova~a

MERKANTILE d.d. – Zagrebzastupstvo i distribucija za BALCHEM ITALIA s.r.l., Italija

TSH d.d. – âkovec

TVORNICA STO^NE HRANE d.o.o. – Koprivnica

TOPIGS International – Vught, Nizozemska

POLJOPRERADA d.d. – Zagreb

NATURA AGRO d.o.o. – \ur|evac

GEUS d.o.o. – Komin

DARUVARSKA PIVOVARA d.o.o. – Daruvar

KLAS d.d. – Nova Gradi{kaPP ORAHOVICA d.d. – Orahovica

MEDICAL INTERTRADE d.o.o. – Sveta Nedelja



DJELATNOST TVRTKE:

Kontrola kakvoće i količine roba pri uvozu, izvozu

i u domaćem prometu

OVLAŠTENJAAkreditacije i certifkati:

Ispitivanje sirovina za stočnu hranu – ovlašteni i reerentni laboratorijIspitivanje hrane za domaće životinje i kućne ljubimce – ovlašteni re. labor. EN ISO 9001Ispitivanje proizvoda, procesa i usluga u ekološkoj poljoprivrediIspitivanje kakvoće gnojiva i ispitivanje uzoraka tla HRN EN ISO/IEC 17025Razvrstavanje i klasiranje goveđih trupova i polovica na liniji klanja HRN EN ISO/IEC 17020Razvrstavanje i klasiranje svinjskih trupova i polovica na liniji klanjaUzorkovanje sjemena poljoprivrednog biljaUzorkovanje, analiza uzoraka i izračun CV za test homogenosti u proizvodnji stočne hrane

KONCESIJA za obavljanje lučke djelatnosti kontrole kakvoće i količina roba na područjuluka Rijeka, Split, Zadar i Ploče.

Preradovićeva 31a, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska e-mail:[email protected]čni broj: 3710661, tel. 01/4817-177; 4817-215, ax 01/4817-191 www.croatiakontrola.hr















IREKS AROMA d.o.o.PROIZVODI I NUDI

• AROME ZA STOČNU HRANU

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tel. ++3851/60 40 661 ax. ++3851/60 40 658

mobitel ++38591 / 60 40 111

E-mail: [email protected]

Ireks Aroma d.o.o.

Radniča c. 37

10000 ZAGREB

HRVATSKA/CROATIA

Tel: +385 1 60 40 701

Fax: +385 1 60 40 658

E-mail: [email protected]

Internet: www.ireks-aroma.hr







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Zastupnici smo i distributeri mnogih renomiranih inozemnih tvrtki:

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LUPRES d.o.o.Bartolovec, Varaždinska 4042202 Trnovec BartolovečkiTel.: 042/241-144, 241-160, ax.: 042/241-786









KRMIVA 2008

I

S A D R Ž A J | C O N T E N T S

PROGRAM MEĐUNARODNOG SAVJETOVANJA | PROGRAM OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ♯

UPORABA LJEKOVITE HRANE U OKVIRU ZAKONA EUROPSKE UNIJE U REPUBLICI ČEŠKOJ

THE USAGE OF MEDICATED FEED UNDER EUROPEAN RULES IN CZECH REPUBLIC

Alfred Hera, Věra Billová 1

EUROPSKI I ČEŠKI PROPISI O HRANI I NJIHOV POLOŽAJ U SUSTAVU SIGURNOSTI HRANE EUROPEAN AND CZECH LEGISLATION IN THE AREA OF FEEDINGSTUFFS AND THEIR POSITION IN FOOD SAFETY SYSTEM Jaroslav Staňa, Petr Vaculík 2

EUROPSKA I ČEŠKA REGULATIVA NA PODRUČJU STOČARSKE PROIZVODNJE - PRAVNI

ASPEKTI UVOĐENJA SLUŽBENE KONTROLE EUROPEAN AND CZECH LEGISLATION IN THE AREA OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION; LEGAL ASPECTS OF OFFICIAL CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION

Jana Tkáčiková 3

POGAČA ULJANE REPICE U HRANIDBI KOKOŠI NESILICA

RAPE SEED OIL-CAKE IN LAYERS NUTRITION

Janječić, Z, Mužic, S. Pintar, J., Bedeković, D. Voća, N., Šnajder, N. 4

UTJECAJ REPIČINOG ULJA U OBROKU NA KVALITATIVNA SVOJSTVA MIŠIĆNOG TKIVA SVINJA

EFFECT OF DIETARY RAPESEED OIL ON PIG MEAT QUALITY TRAITS

G. Kušec, Gordana Kralik, V. Margeta, Ivona Đurkin, Danica Hanžek 6 ŽIVE STANICE I KULTURE KVASCA U HRANIDBI PREŽIVAČA

LIVE YEAST CELLS AND CULTURES IN RUMINANT NUTRITION

Tomislav Mašek, Željko Mikulec 7

UČINAK HRANIDBE NA IMUNI ODZIV PTICA

INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION ON IMMUNE STATUS OF THE BIRDS

H. Mazija, Nora Mas, Vlasta Šerman 8

SUSTAV INTERPRETACIJE REZULTATA ANALIZE HRANE PREMA INTERLABORATORIJSKIMUSPOREDBAMA

A SYSTEM OF FEED ANALYSIS RESULTS INTERPRETATION ON THE BASE OF INTER-LABORATORY COMPARISONS Waldemar Korol, Jolanta Rubaj, Grażyna Bielecka 9

RAZLIKE U SADRŽAJU HRANJIVIH TVARI U POJEDINIM SORTAMA ULJNE REPICE

VARIABILITY IN NUTRIENT COMPOSITION AMONG RAPESEED VARIETIES

Eva Straková, Nora Mas, Pavel Suchý, Vlasta Šerman, Vladimír Večerek 10

GLOBALNI TRENDOVI U HRANIDBI SVINJA. IZAZOVI I MOGUĆNOSTI

THE GLOBAL TRENDS IN PIG FEEDING AND NUTRITION. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

L. Babinszky, J. Tossenberger, Cs. Szabó 12



II

ANTIOKSIDANSI – VAŽNOST ZA ŽIVOTINJE I POTROŠAČE

ANTIOXIDANTS – SIGNIFICANCE FOR ANIMAL AND CONSUMER

Janez Salobir, Tamara Frankič 13

UTJECAJ RAZLIČITIH IZVORA I RAZINA SELENA NA PROIZVODNA OBILJEŽJA I BIOKEMIJSKEPOKAZATELJE U KRVI KONZUMNIH NESILICA INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SOURCES AND LEVELS OF SELENIUM ON PRODUCTION AND BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS IN BLOOD OF LAYING HENS Zlata Gajčević, Gordana Kralik, Marcela Šperanda, Z. Škrtić, I. Matanić 14

UTJECAJ HRANIDBENIH TRETMANA NA KVALITATIVNA SVOJSTVA MIŠIĆNOG TKIVA PILIĆA

INFLUENCE OF DIETARY TREATMENTS ON MEAT QUALITY TRAITS OF BROILERS

Ivona Đurkin, G. Kušec, Gordana Kralik, Zlata Gajčević, Zlata Maltar 16

UTJECAJ RAZLIČITIH RAZINA SIROVIH BJELANČEVINA NA PROIZVODNE REZULTATE PILIĆA UTOVU

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CRUDE PROTEIN ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER Steiner, Zv., M. Domaćinović, Z. Antunović, Đ. Senčić, Marcela Šperanda , Z. Steiner 18

AROMA "CITRUS KOMORAČ" U TOVU BROJLERA

FLAVOUR "CITRUS-FENNEL" IN FEEDING BROILER CHICKEN

M. Saftić, D. Čotinski, D. Belorečkov, M. Ignatova, N. Ni kolov 19

KVALITETA TRUPOVA BROJLERSKIH PILIĆA COBB 500 I HUBBARD CLASSIC PRI HRANIDBIKRMNIM SMJESAMA S NIŽOM I VIŠOM RAZINOM PROTEINA I ENERGIJECARCASS QUALITY OF COBB 500 AND HUBBARD CLASSIC BROILER CHICKEN IN DIET WITH LOWER

AND HIGHER LEVEL OF PROTEIN AND ENERGY IN THE FEED MIXTURE

Nedeljka Nikolova, Zlatica Pavlovski, Niko Milošević, Lidija Perić 20KAKVOĆA POSTUPKA FERMENTACIJE VISOKOVLAŽNOG ZRNA KUKURUZA

THE QUALITY OF FERMENTATION PROCESS OF HIGH MOISTURE CORN

Bíro, D., Gálik, B., J uráček, M., Šimko, M. 22

PROFIL MASNIH KISELINA U MLIJEKU BUŠE

FATTY ACIDS PROFILE IN BUSHA MILK

Z. Škrtić, A. Levart, S. Jovanovac, V. Gantner, D. Kompan, P. Božić, A. Orak 23

MOGUĆNOSTI PROIZVODNJE I KORIŠTENJA KOBILJEG MLIJEKA

POSSIBILITIES FOR PRODUCTION AND USAGE OF MARE`S MILK Avrelio Dolores, Baban Mirjana, Mijić, P., Antunović, Z., Ernoić, M., Antunović, B. 25

UČINAK SMJEŠTAJNIH PRILIKA NA HIGIJENSKU KVALITETU ZRAKA U KRMAČARNIKU

INFLUENCE OF ACCOMMODATION CONDITIONS ON HYGIENIC AIR QUALITY IN THE SOW FACILITY

Marija Vučemilo, Kristina Matković, Bara Vinković, Sanja Radović, Renata Brezak, M. Benić 26

ZNAČENJE PITKE VODE ZA DOBROBIT, ZDRAVLJE I PROIZVODNOST ŽIVOTINJA

ROLE OF DRINKING WATER ON ANIMAL WELFARE, HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY

Alenka Tofant, Sunčica Uhitil, Nada Glumac 28



KRMIVA 2008

III

OCHRATOXIN A I ZEARALENON: KONTAMINACIJA ŽITARICA I KRMIVA U HRVATSKOJ (1977. -2007.) I UTJECAJ NA ZDRAVLJE ŽIVOTINJA I LJUDIOCHRATOXIN A AND ZEARALENON: FOOD AND FEED CONTAMINATION IN CROATIA (1977-2007)

AND INFLUENCE ON ANIMAL AND HUMAN HEALTH Stjepan Pepeljnjak, Zdenka Cvetnić, Maja Šegvić Klarić 30

IZLOŽENOST OPĆE POPULACIJE U HRVATSKOJ OKRATOKSINU A

THE EXPOSURE OF GENERAL POPULATION IN CROATIA TO OCHRATOXIN A

M. Peraica, A.- M. Domijan, D. Flajs, D. Ivić, B. Cvjetković 31

ZNAČAJ NEFROTOKSIČNOSTI OKRATOKSINA A (OTA) KOD PRASADI I BALKANSKAENDEMSKA NEFROPATIJA

IMPLICATION OF OCHRATOXIN A (OTA) IN PIG NEPHROTOXICITY AND BALKAN ENDEMIC NEPHROPATHY Annie Pfohl-Leszkowicz 32

MOLEKULARNE INTERAKCIJE IZMEĐU MIKOTOKSINA I LIJEKOVA KOJI SE METABOLIZIRAJUU JETRI GLODAVACA I FARMSKIH ŽIVOTINJA MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MYCOTOXINS AND LIVER DRUG METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN RODENTS AND FARM ANIMALS Pierre Galtier, Guylaine Meissonnier, Joëlle Laffitte, Isabelle P. Oswald, Nicolas Loiseau 34

MIKOTOKSINI I ZDRAVLJE ŽIVOTINJA: OD OKSIDATIVNOG STRESA DO EKSPRESIJE GENA

MYCOTOXINS AND ANIMAL HEALTH: FROM OXIDATIVE STRESS TO GENE EXPRESSION

Peter F. Surai, Miklos Mezes 35

MIKOTOKSINI – SKRIVENA OPASNOST U HRANIDBI ŽIVOTINJA

MYCOTOXINS – THE HIDDEN HAZARDS IN ANIMAL NUTRITION

Ursula Hofstetter 36

ISKORIŠTENJE PUNOG POTENCIJALA NATUPHOS® FITAZE KOD NEPREŽIVAČA

USING THE FULL POTENTIAL OF NATUPHOS ® PHYTASE IN MONOGASTRIC ANIMALS

U. Eidelsburger, D. Feuerstein 38

PROBIOTICI PRUŽAJU NOVE MOGUĆNOSTI ZA POBOLJŠANJE ZDRAVLJA I PROIZVODNOSTIKRMAČA I PRASADI

PROBIOTICS PROVIDE NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVING HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE IN SOWS AND PIGLETS Gesa Meyer 39

ANALIZA STOČNE HRANE, KRMIVA I BIO-ETANOLA POMOĆU INSTRUMENTA DIODE ARRAY7200, FIRME PERTEN INSTRUMENTS

ANALYSES OF FEED, FORAGE AND BIO-ETHANOL USING DIODE ARRAY 7200 FROM PERTEN INSTRUMENTS Goran Stjernberg 41

POVEZANOST KANDIDATNIH GENA S KLAONIČKIM SVOJSTVIMA SVINJA

INTERACTION BETWEEN CANDIDATE GENES AND SLAUGHTER TRAITS IN PIGS

Polonca Frajman, V. Margeta, Gordana Kralik 42



IV

SUZBIJANJE MUHA I PREVENCIJA DIZENTERIJE NA SVINJOGOJSKIM FARMAMA KEMIJSKIMTRETIRANJEM GNOJEVKECONTROL OF STABLE FLIES AND PREVENTION OF DYSENTERY IN PIG FATTENING UNITS BY CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF THE RESIDUAL SLURRY UNDER SLATTED FLOORS

Hans-Jürgen Klasse 44

ZAJEDNIČKI UČINAK BUTIRATA I EKSTRAKTA Yucca Schidigeri NA GASTRIOINTESTINALNISUSTAV SVINJA PRI ODBIĆUCOMBINED EFFECT OF BUTYRATE AND Yucca Schidigeri EXTRACT ON THE GASTROINTESTINALTRACT OF PIGS AROUND WEANINGValverde Piedra J.L., Szymańczyk S.E., Kapica M., Puzio I., Pawłowska M., Michałowski P. 45

UTJECAJ EKSTRAKTA KESTENA (FARMATAN®) NA OKSIDATIVNI STRES UZROKOVANUNOŠENJEM VELIKIH KOLIČINA PUFA KOD ODBITE PRASADITHE EFFECT OF SWEET CHESTNUT EXTRACT (FARMATAN ® ) ON OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCED BY

HIGH PUFA INTAKE IN WEANED PIGS Tamara Frankič, Vida Rezar, Janez Salobir 46

UTJECAJ HRANIDBE NA IZLUČIVANJE FSH I LH TIJEKOM LAKTACIJE, NA MATERNICU IRAZVOJ FOLIKULA U KRMAČA POSLIJE ODBIĆA

INFLUENCE OF FEEDING LEVEL ON FSH AND LH SECRETION PATTERNS DURING LACTATION, ON UTERUS AND FOLLICLE DEVELOPMENT AFTER WEANING IN SOWS

M. Wähner, J. Kauffold, Nedeljka Nikolova 47

GENETIČKI TRENDOVI U ODNOSU NA PROIZVODNE REZULTATE FARMI

GENETIC TRENDS IN RELATION TO FARM PERFORMANCE

Michiel Westerhof 48

UTJECAJ RAZLIČITIH NAČINA HRANIDBE NA MESNATOST HIBRIDNIH SVINJATHE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIMES ON THE LEAN MEAT CONTENT OF HYBRID PIGS M. Sviben 49

KLAONIČKI OTPAD KAO BIOGNOJIVO NAKON PROCESA ALKALNE HIDROLIZE

SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTE AS A FERTILIZER AFTER THE PROCESS OF ALKALINE HYDROLISIS

Tajana Krička, Neven Voća, Vanja Jurišić, Tea Brlek Savić, Sanja Kalambura 50

UTJECAJ PROIZVODNJE BIOETANOLA IZ ŽITARICA NA STOČARSTVO

EFFECT OF THE BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM CEREALS ON ANIMAL PRODUCTION

Darko Grbeša51

RATARSKE SIROVINE ZA PROIZVODNJU BIOGORIVA U RH

FIELD CROPS FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION IN CROATIA

Boris Varga, Zlatko Svečnjak, Željko Jukić 53

SUDANSKA TRAVA - ENERGETSKA BILJKA ZA PROIZVODNJU BIOPLINA

SUDAN GRASS - ENERGY CROP FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION

Kralik D., Kanižai Gabriella, Elter Ana- Marija, Kukić S., Uranjek Nataša 54



KRMIVA 2008

V

PROIZVODNJA BIOGORIVA I UTJECAJ NA EUROPSKO TRŽIŠTE SIROVINA

BIOFUEL PRODUCTION AND ITS EFFECT ON EUROPE'S RESOURCE MARKET

Sanja Kalambura, Dejan Kalambura 55

RASPOLOŽIVE POLJOPRIVREDNE POVRŠINE ZA PROIZVODNJU BIOGORIVA U HRVATSKOJ AGRICULTURAL AREAS AVAILABLE FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION IN CROATIA

Franjo Tomić, Tajana Krička 56

UPRAVLJANJE TOPLINSKIM STRESOM U MLIJEČNIH KRAVA

MANAGEMENT OF HEAT STRESS IN DAIRY COWS

Germano Brajković , Davor Perkić 57

SAPROBIOLOŠKA OCJENA KVALITETE VODE RIJEKE VARDAR U R. MAKEDONIJI NA OSNOVUBIOINDIKATORSKIH VRSTA RIBASAPROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY EVELUATION OF THE RIVER VARDAR IN THE R. MACEDONIA

ACCORDING TO BIOINDIKATORY TYPE OF FISH Rodne Nastova-Djordjioska 59

UTJECAJ KVALITETE KRMIVA NA PROIZVODNOST I ZDRAVLJE MLIJEČNIH KRAVA

THE EFFECTS OF FORAGE QUALITY ON PRODUCTION AND HEALTH IN DAIRY COWS

Vajda V., Maskaľová I. 60

TANINI U HRANIDBI PREŽIVAČA

TANNINS IN RUMINANT NUTRITION

Andrej Lavrenčič 61

PRIRAST MLAĐI KALIFORNIJSKE PASTRVE (Oncorhynchus mykiss) U OVISNOSTI OD SADRŽAJASLOBODNE UGLJIČNE KISELINE U VODIGROWTH RATE OF THE RAINBOW TROUT`S FRY (Oncorhynchus mykiss) DEPENDENCE ON CONTENTS OF FREE CARBONIC ACID IN THE WATER

Samir Muhamedagić, Salko Muratović 62

KONTROLA ENERGETSKOG BALANSA U SUHOSTAJU, KLJUČ USPJEHA U PROIZVODNJIMLIJEČNIH KRAVA

ENERGY BALANCE CONTROL IN TRANSITION, A KEY TO SUCCESS IN DAIRY PRODUCTION

Andrea Formigoni 63

RAZVOJ VETERINARSTVA U HRVATSKOJ

DEVELOPMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN CROATIAVesna Vučevac Bajt 65

SIGURNOST KRMIVA KAO UVJET ZDRAVSTVENE ISPRAVNOSTI HRANE NA TRŽIŠTU

SAFETY OF AN ANIMAL FOOD AS A CONDITION FOR SANITARY VALIDITY OF A FOOD ON A MARKET

Kozačinski, L., M. Hadžiosmanović, Ž. Cvrtila Fleck, N. Zdolec, I. Filipović 67

SADRŽAJ KONJUGIRANE LINOLNE KISELINE NA HRANJIVE TVARI I HRANU PROIZVEDENUKONVENCIONALNIM NAČINOM I MIKROVALNIM ZAGRIJAVANJEMCONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID CONTENT OF FEEDING STUFFS AND FOODS PRODUCED BY CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE HEAT TREATMENT

Salamon, R.V., Lóki, K., Salamon, Sz., Csapó-Kiss, Zs., Csapó J. 68



VI

SOFTACID® – NOVI, EFIKASNI I SIGURAN KONCEPT ZA PROIZVODNJU STOČNE HRANEBAZIRAN NA ZAŠTIĆENIM ORGANSKIM KISELINAMASOFTACID® – A NEW, EFFICIENT AND SAFE CONCEPT FOR THE FEED MARKET BASED ON

PROTECTED ACIDS Jakubowski, H. 69

UTJECAJ GNOJIDBE NA UROD, KEMIJSKI SASTAV I HRANIDBENU VRIJEDNOST KLIPA I ZRNAKUKURUZA

INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATION ON YIELD, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF MAIZE COB AND GRAIN Marija Vukobratović, Nataša Pintić - Pukec, Vesna Samobor, Ž. Vukobratović, V. Pintić, Đ. Kalember 70

TR OVANJE GOVEDA OŠTRODLAKAVIM ŠĆIROM (Amaranrthus Retroflexus) POISONING IN CATTLE ASSOCIATED WITH INGESTION OF REDROOT PIGWEED (Amaranrthus Retroflexus) – CASE REPORT Zadnik, T, Starič J, Ježek J, Klinkon M, Cigler T 72

UTJECAJ HRANIDBE NA KOLIČINU I SASTAV MLIJEKA NA MLIJEČNOJ FARMI SREDNJEGOSPODARSKE ŠKOLE U KRIŽEVCIMA

INFLUENCE OF FEEDING ON MILK COMPOSITION ON CATTLE FARM OF KRIŽEVCI SECONDARY AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL D. Čuklić.,Tatjana Jelen., F.Poljak., J.Crnčić 73

UTJECAJ NAČINA DRŽANJA I SEZONE NA SASTAV MASNIH KISELINA MLIJEKA U SLOVENIJITHE INFLUENCE OF REARING REGIME AND SEASON ON MILK FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN SLOVENIA

Mojca Voljč, Alenka Levart, Andrej Lavrenčič, Janez Salobir 74

UTJECAJ SUBKLINIČKE KETOZE NA DNEVNU KOLIČINU I SASTAV MLIJEKA SLOVENSKIHHOLSTEIN KRAVA EFFECT OF SUBCLINICAL KETOSIS ON DAILY MILK YIELD AND MILK COMPONENTS OF SLOVENIAN HOLSTEIN V. G antner, K. Potočnik, S. Jovanovac, N. Raguž 75

UČINAK PASTERIZACIJE NA MIKROBIOLOŠKU KAKVOĆU MLIJEČNIH PROIZVODA RESEARCH OF EFFECT OF PASTEURIZ ATION ON MICROBIOLOGICAL PICTURE OF MILK PRODUCTS A. Maher, M. Janžekovič, M. Volk 77

EKONOMIKA PROIZVODNJE MLIJEKA NA POLJOPRIVREDNIM GOSPODARSTVIMA ISTOČNE

HRVATSKE ECONOMIC PRODUCTION OF MILK ON FARMS IN EASTERN CROATIA

Zmaić, K., Sudarić, T., Lončarić, R. 78

UTJECAJ KRUPNOĆE MLJEVENJA I TIPA ENDOSPERMA NA RUMINALNU IN VITROPROBAVLJIVOST ŠKROBA

EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE AND ENDOSPERM TYPE ON RUMINAL IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF STARCH

Kiš, G., Grbeša, D., Kljak K. 79

ANAEROBNA FERMENTACIJA KRAVLJEG GNOJA, SILAŽE I SJENAŽE

ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF COW MANURE, SILAGE AND HAY

Neven Voća, Tajana Krička, Vanja Janušić 81



KRMIVA 2008

VII

EKONOMIČNOST RADA MLINA ČEKIĆARA PRI USITNJAVANJU KUKURUZA I SOJINE SAČME ECONOMICAL LABOUR OF HAMMERMILS IN THE CASE OF GRINDING OF CORN AND SOYABEAN PELLETS Vlado Kušec, Silvije Jerčinović, Stjepan Pliestić 82

FIZIKALNE OSOBINE PRAŠINE U PROIZVODNJI KRMNIH SMJESA

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GRAIN DUST IN FEED PRODUCTION

Stjepan Pliestić, Dubravko Filipović, Nadica Dobričević,Sandra Voća, Vlado Kušec 83

KEMIJSKI SASTAV I IN VITRO PROBAVLJIVOST DIJELOVA BILJKE ŠEST HIBRIDA KUKURUZA

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF MAIZE PLANT

Grbeša, D., Svečnjak Z., Kiš. G. 84

KRMNA VRIJEDNOST SMJESE OZIMOG GRAŠKA I PŠENICE U RAZLIČITIM ROKOVIMA KOŠNJE

FORAGE VALUE OF WINTER PEA/WHEAT MIXTURE AT DIFFERENT CUTS

Mirko Stjepanović, Ranko Gantner, Svetislav Popović, Tihomir Čupić, Mladen Knežević, Marina Vranić 86

MINERALNI SASTAV ZELENE MASE I SIJENA SA PODRUČJA DIVČIBARA

MINERAL COMPOSITION OF THE GREEN MASS AND HAY FROM DIVCIBARE REGION

Milena P. Krstić, Radmila Marković, D.Šefer, Z.Sinovec 87

UTJECAJ GNOJIDBE DUŠIKOM, VREMENA KOŠNJE I DOSIJAVANJA NA PRODUKTIVNOSTPRIRODNOG TRAVNJAKASIGNIFICANCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER, TIME MOWING AND UNDERSOWING ON THE

PRODUCTION OF NATURAL GRASSLANDČivić H., Alibegović -Grbić Senija, Bezdrob M. 88

SADRŽAJ D-TRIPTOFANA U ALKALNO PROBAVLJENOM MESNOM BRAŠNU D-TRYPTOPHAN CONTENTS OF ALKALINE DIGESTED MEAT FLOURS

Lóki, K., Kalambura, S., Mándoki, Zs., Kricka, T., Pohn G., Albert, Cs., Csapó-Kiss, Zs., Csapó, J. 89

SEPARACIJA I ODREĐIVANJE SELENOAMINOKISELINA U HRANI I KRMIVIMA POMOĆUIONSKO-IZMJENJIVAČKE KROMATOGRAFIJESEPARATION AND DETERMINATION OF SELENOAMINO ACIDS IN FOODS AND FEEDING STUFFS BY

ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY Zs. Mándoki, Cs. Albert, G. Pohn, Sz. Salamon, Zs. Csapó-Kiss, J. Csapó 90

FIZIKALNO-KEMIJSKE KARAKTERISTIKE FOSFATA U KRMIVIMA KAO KRITERIJ NJIHOVE

KLASIFIKACIJE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF FODDER PHOSPHATES AS A CRITERION OF THEIRCLASSIFICATION

Dorota Jamroz, Z. Wzorek, Agnieszka Gajda-Janiak, Z. Kowalski 91

OCJENA KVALITETE KRMNIH FOSFATA NA TEMELJU NJIHOVOG KEMIJSKOG SASTAVA ITOPLJIVOSTI

EVALUATION OF THE FODDER PHOSPHATES QUALITY ON THE BASIS OF THEIR CHEMICALCOMPOSITION AND SOLUBILITY

Agnieszka Gajda-Janiak, Dorota Jamroz, Z. Wzorek 96



VIII

DUGOROČNI NADZOR HOMOGENOSTI KRMNIH SMJESA OD STRANE DRŽAVNIH TIJELA LONG-TERM MONITORING OF HOMOGENEITY OF COMPOUND FEED IN THE GOVERNMENT SUPERVISION

Sławomir Walczyński, Wald emar Korol 98

POTREBA STANDARDIZIRANJA EKSTRAHIRANOG SJEMENJA ULJANE REPICE KAO NUSPROIZVODA U PROIZVODNJI BIOGORIVATHE NEED FOR STANDARDIZATION OF RAPESEED EXPELLER AS A BY-PRODUCT FROM BIO-FUELS

PRODUCTION Grażyna Bielecka, Jolanta Rubaj, Waldemar Korol 99

KOMPARACIJA ELISA I TLC/HPLC METODA ZA ODREĐIVANJE ZEA I OTA U ŽITARICAMA IKRMICOMPARISON BETWEEN ELISA AND TLC/HPLC METHODS FOR DETEMINATION OF ZEARALENON

AND OCHRATOXIN A IN FOOD AND FEED Maja Šegvić Klarić, Stjepan Pepeljnjak, Zdenka Cvetnić, Ivan Kosalec 100

MOGUĆNOSTI ODREĐIVANJA SELENOAMINO KISELINA U HRANI I HRANJIVIM SASTOJCIMAPOMOĆU TEKUĆINSKE KROMATOGRAFIJE

POSSIBILITIES OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF SELENOAMINO ACIDS AND ITS FOOD AND FEEDING STUFF ANALYTICAL ASPECTS Zs. Mándoki, G. Pohn, Cs. Albert, Sz. Salamon, Zs. Csapó-Kiss, J. Csapó 101

HRANIDBENA VRIJEDNOST UVOZNIH KRMIVA U REPUBLICI MAKEDONIJI

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF IMPORTED FEEDSTUFFS IN REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

Cilev G., Palaševski B., Gjorgjievski S., Gjorgovska Nataša, Levkov Vesna 102

REZULTATI SLUŽBENE KONTROLE HRANE ZA ŽIVOTINJE U PROCJENI RIZIKA

OVERVIEW OF THE OFFICIAL CONTROL RESULTS OF FEED FOR THE PURPOSE OF RISK IDENTIFICATION Andrea Gross- Bošković, Danijela Petrović, Martina Jurković, Sanja Miloš, T. Florijančić, I. Bošković 103

KAKVOĆA SVINJSKIH POLOVICA KRIŽANACA PIETREN I HEMPŠIR PASMINE

PIG CARCASS QUALITY OF PIETREN AND HAMPSHIRE CROSSBREEDS

Tatjana Jelen, D. Marenčić, V. Pintić, Nataša Pintić Pukec 105

UTJECAJ VREMENA ODBIĆA NA PROIZVODNE KARAKTERISTIKE PRASADI I TOVLJENIKATHE INFLUENCE OF AGE OF WEANING ONTO PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF PIGLETS AND

PORKERS Gjorgjievski, S., Ana Murgjieva- Mijakova, Violeta Bočvarova, Sonja Efremova , M. Trajčev, G. Cilev

106 OČEKIVANI I OPAŽENI PRIRASTI ŽIVE VAGE TE KOLIČINE KRME POTREBNE UKUPNO,POTROŠIVE ZA UZDRŽAVANJE, RASPLOŽIVE ZA PROIZVODNJU I POLOŽIVE PRAŠČIĆIMA

EXPECTED AND OBSERVED GROWTH RATES AND THE QUANTITIES OF FEED REQUIRED TOTALLY,CONSUMABLE FOR THE MAINTENANCE, AVAILABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION AND POSSIBLE GIVEN TO PIGLETS

M. Sviben 107

UTJECAJ HRANIDBENOG TRETMANA NA KARAKTERISTIKE RASTA SVINJA

INFLUENCE OF FEEDING REGIME ON PIG GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS

D. Vincek, Ivona Đurkin, Gordana Kralik, A .Petričević, U. Baulain, G. Kušec 108



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DINAMIKA IN VITRO PROBAVLJIVOSTI ŠKROBA RAZLIČITIH HIBRIDA KUKURUZA U TANKOMCRIJEVU SVINJE

KINETICS OF IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF STARCH IN SMALL INTESTINE OF PIG

Grbeša, D., Kiš, G., Kljak, K. Grgić, G. 110

UČINAK BUTIRATA I EKSTRAKTA Yucca Schidigeri NA KVALITETU KOSTIJU TIJEKOM RASTAPRASADITHE EFFECT OF BUTYRATE AND Yucca Schidigeri EXTRACT ON BONE QUALITY IN DEVELOPING

PIGLETS Puzio I., Valverde Piedra J.L., Kapica M., Bieńko M., Pawłowska M., Kusińska E., Szymańczyk S.E. 111

NUTRITIVNO-TEHNOLOŠKI POGLED NA UPOTREBU ULJA UZGOJENE CRNJIKE (Nigella sativa) UTOVU PILIĆA

NUTRITIVE AND TECHNOLOGICAL VIEW ON USE OF BLACK SEED (Nigella sativa) OIL IN FATTENINGCHICKS Gagić Abdulah, Alibegović - Zečić Fahira, Kavazović Aida, Piplica Slavica,Crnkić Ćazim 112

UČINAK ULJA UZGOJENE CRNJIKE (Nigella sativa) NA IMUNOSNI ODZIV PILIĆA U TOVU

THE EFFECT OF BLACK SEED OIL (Nigella sativa) ON THE IMMUNITY RESPONSE OF BROILERS

Rešidbegović Emina, Gagić A., Kustura Aida, Goletić T., Kavazović Aida 113

KLAONIČKA VRIJEDNOST ODABRANIH VRSTA PERADI

SLAUGHTER VALUES IN THE SELECTED SPECIES OF FEATHERED GAME BIRDS

Vladimír Večerek, Nora Mas, František Vitula, Eva Straková, Vlasta Šerman, Pavel Suchý 114

TOVNA OBILJEŽJA TEŠKIH HIBRIDA PURA

FATTENING CHARACTERISTICS OF TURKEY HEAVY HYBRIDS

Z. Škrtić, Gordana Kralik, Zlata Gajčević, I. Križek, Danica Hanžek 116 UČINCI DODAVANJA SEL-PLEX®-A U HRANU ZA PILIĆE NA DEPONIRANJE SELENA U TKIVIMA

EFFECTS OF SUPRA-DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF CHICKEN DIETS WITH SEL-PLEX® ON SELENIUM DEPOSITION IN TISSUES T. Acamovic, G. Bertin 117

UČINAK SEL-PLEX®-A I VITAMINA E U OBROKU KOKOŠI NESILICA NA AKUMULACIJU SELENAI VITAMINA E U JAJIMA

EFFECT OF SEL-PLEX ® AND VITAMIN E DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF LAYING HENS ON SELENIUM AND VITAMIN E ACCUMULATION IN EGGS

I.A. Egorov, N.Y. Chesnokova, E.V. Ivachnick, T.T. Papazyan, P.F. Surai 119

UTJECAJ BILJNOG ADITIVA "ZEOFEED" NA PRODUKTIVNOST NESILICA

THE EFFECT OF A HERBAL ADDITIVE "ZEOFEED" ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS IN LAYERS

Pavel Suchý, Nora Mas, Eva Straková, Vlasta Šerman, Vladimír Večerek 120

UTJECAJ DODATKA TREONINA NA PROIZVODNE REZULTATE TOVNIH PILIĆA

THE EFFECT OF THREONINE SUPPLY ON BROILER PERFORMANCE

J. Tossenberger, A. Lemme, G. Gyurcsó, L. Babinszky 122

UTJECAJ INDUCIRANOG MITARENJA NA HORMONALNI STATUS IZLUČENIH KOKOŠI NESILICA

INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL MOLTING ON HORMONAL STATUS OF AMORTIZING LAYING HENS

Natasha Gjorgovska, Kiril Filev, Rossitza Konakchieva 123



X

UTJECAJ DODATKA KONJUGIRANE LINOLNE KISELINE NA SVOJSTVA KOSTIJU TOVNIH PILIĆA INFLUENCE OF CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON BONE PROPERTIES IN BROILER CHICKENS Jaśkiewicz T., Puzio I., Bieńko M., Sagan A. 124

KOMPARATIVNI PRIKAZ TROŠKOVA PROIZVODNJE PILEĆEG MESA KONVENCIONALNOG IMODIFICIRANOG SASTAVACOMPARATIVE OVERVIEW OF COSTS IN PRODUCTION OF CONVENTIONAL AND MODIFIEDCHICKEN MEAT

I. Kralik, Z. Tolušić, Zlata Gajčević, Z. Škrtić, Gordana Kralik 125

KARAKTERISTIKE BIOKEMIJSKOG STATUSA BOSANSKO-HERCEGOVAČKE PRAMENKECARACTERISTICS OF BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN BOSNIA-HERCEGOVINA'S PRAMENKA

BREED SHEEP Hrković Amina, Hodžić Aida, Hamamdžić M., Vegara M., Sarić Z., Zahirović A., Juhas Pašić Eva, Krnić J. 126

UTJECAJ DODATKA SELENA NA PROIZVODNA SVOJSTVA JANJADI I KONCENTRACIJUHORMONA ŠTITNJAČETHE INFLUENCE OF SELENIUM ON LAMBS PRODUCTIVE TRAITS AND CONCENTRATION OF THYROID HORMONES

Z. Antunović, B. Kopić, Marcela Šperanda, Z. Stei ner, Novoselec, J. 127

UTJECAJ PELETIRANE HRANE NA POKAZATELJE KAKVOĆE MESA NOVOZELANDSKOGBIJELOG KUNIĆA

INFLUENCE OF PELLETED FOOD ON QUALITY INDICATORS FOR NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBIT MEAT Mevla Škandro, A. Tarig, F. Čaklovica, Bedrija Alić, Fahira Alibegović - Zečić 128

UTJECAJ DODATAKA VLAKNINE NA PROMJENE UVJETA U PROBAVNOM SUSTAVULABORATORIJSKIH ŠTAKORATHE ADDITION OF FIBRE IN A DIET CHANGE THE CONDITIONS IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF

LABORATORY RATS Tatjana Pirman, Andrej Orešnik 129

DJELOTVORNOST PROBIOTSKOG PRIPRAVKA „PROBIOS 2B“ U HRANIDBI JARADI

EFFICIENCY OF PROBIOTIC PREPARATION „PROBIOS 2B“ IN GOAT KIDS FEEDING

Z. Antunović, Marcela Šperanda, Đ. Senčić, M. Domaćinović, J. Novoselec 130

UTJECAJ HRANIDBE NA INDUCIRANO DIJABETIČNE EKSPERIMENTALNE ŽIVOTINJE

THE INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION ONTO INDUCED DIABETIC EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

Gjorgjievski, S., R.Prodanov, Radmila Črčeva-Nikolovska 131

POSJEĆENOST SUNCOKRETA (Helianthus Annuus L.) MEDONOSNOM PČELOM (Apis MelliferaCarnica) U AGRO-EKO SUSTAVU BARANJE

ATTENDANCE OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus Annuus L.) BY HONEY BEE (Apis Mellifera Carnica) IN AGRO-ECO SYSTEM OF BARANJA COUNTY Lužaić, R., Puškadija, Z., Florijančić, T., Opačak, A., Bogut I., Bošković, I., Jelkić, D. 132

UTJECAJ EKOLOŠKIH ČIMBENIKA NA RAD PASA PO KRVNOM TRAGU

THE IMPACT OF ECOLOGICAL FACTORS ON WORK OF BLOOD HOUNDS

Bošković, I., Florijančić, T., Opačak, A., Tucak, Z., Puškadija, Z., Andrea Gross- Bošković 133



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BABY C4, GLICERIDI MASLAČNE KISELINE

BABY C4, BUTYRIC ACID GLYCERIDES

Johan van der Elsen 135

UČINAK PRIMJENE MANANOLIGOSAHARIDA U TOVU DUŽIČASTE PASTVE (Oncorhynchus mykiss) EFFECTS OF MANNAN-OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN FEEDING OF RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchusmykiss)

J. Pavličević, N. Fijan, T. Šperanda, S. Ivanković, I. Bogut 136

REZIME BUDUĆIH IZAZOVA EU REGULATIVE NA PODRUČJU HRANE ZA ŽIVOTINJE – PERSPEKTIVA OVE INDUSTRIJSKE GRANEOVERVIEW ON FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR EU FEED LEGISLATION

Doering A. 137



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UPORABA LJEKOVITE HRANE U OKVIRU ZAKONA EUROPSKE UNIJEU REPUBLICI ČEŠKOJ

THE USAGE OF MEDICATED FEED UNDER EUROPEAN RULES INCZECH REPUBLIC

Prof. MVDr. Alfred Hera, CSc., MVDr. Věra Billová

SUMMARY

The use of medicated feedingstuffs in the Czech Republic belongs among important ways of application of veterinary medicinal products and is essential in providing of the veterinary health care.Regulatory and control system of the manufacture of medicated feedingstuffs in the Czech Republic has beenintroduced according to the rules established in the European and Czech legal provisions. Medicated

premixes (MP) are defined by the Directive 2001/82/EC on veterinary medicinal products and 90/167/EC onmedicated feedingstuffs (MF); and according the principles of harmonisation also in the Czech legal provisions namely in the new Act on pharmaceuticals No 378/2007 Coll.

Newly established join group consisting of the Municipal Veterinary Administrations, ISCVBM(Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicaments) and CISTA (Central Institute for Testing in Agriculture) ensures the system of inspection of the use of VMP, especially in food-producinganimals.

Consumption of antimicrobial substances in veterinary medicine has the downward trends incorrelation with the requirements of the antibiotic policy (2006 - 99.86 tons; 2007 – 87.95 tons). Specialattention should be paid to the increase of the cephalosporin consumption, which should be governed withregard to importance of the III. and IV. generation of cephalosporins for human medicine and with regard tothe “prudent use”, which has been established for the veterinary medicinal products containing active

substances belonging to this pharmacological group.Increase of the consumption of antimicribial veterinary medicinal product in pharmaceutical form

premix represents serious issue (2006 – 26 580 tons; 2007 – 34 825.9 tons). It is essential,that veterinariansshould rather prescribe other pharmaceutical forms than premixes especially due to more precise andaccurate dosing and in that way ensuring of therapeutical dose in individual animals.

It is necessary to be aware of the risks, which are connected with the use of medicinal products inanimal husbandry and can have impact on safety of food for human consumption.Therefore any abuse of veterinary medicinal products used as medicated feedingstuffs or inaccurate use of medicated feedingstuffs will lead to the cardinal increase of the pressure, which will be targeted on thereducing of such application form.



2

EUROPSKI I ČEŠKI PROPISI O HRANI I NJIHOV POLOŽAJ U SUSTAVUSIGURNOSTI HRANE

EUROPEAN AND CZECH LEGISLATION IN THE AREA OFFEEDINGSTUFFS AND THEIR POSITION IN FOOD SAFETY SYSTEM

Dr. Jaroslav Staňa, Mgr. Petr Vaculík, ÚKZÚZ Brno, Czech Republic

The legislation of feedingstuff safety is inseparable part of food and feedingstuff safety system in the whole process of their production, distribution and consumption. Basic provisions are set up in EU Regulations of Council and Parliament, so called hygiene package, primarily Regulation No 178/2002 – European Law Act,Regulation No 882/2004 on Official Control and Regulation No 183/2005 on Food Hygiene.The basic principals of European law according these regulations are following:

The producer is responsible for safety production and he is obliged to commensurate measures andto establish sufficient system of internal control his/her establishment.Relevant national state authority supervises efficiency, completeness and effectivity of producer control systemFrequency and orientation of control is managed by risk analyse

National legal provision of the Czech Republic – the act No 91/1996 on feedingstuff, as amended as well astwo its implementing decrees are fully harmonized with EU legislation



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EUROPSKA I ČEŠKA REGULATIVA NA PODRUČJU STOČARSKEPROIZVODNJE - PRAVNI ASPEKTI UVOĐENJA SLUŽBENE KONTROLE

EUROPEAN AND CZECH LEGISLATION IN THE AREA OF ANIMALPRODUCTION; LEGAL ASPECTS OF OFFICIAL CONTROL

IMPLEMENTATION

JUDr. Jana Tkáčiková, PhD.

The regulation No 882/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council on official controls performed toensure the verification of compliance with feed and food law, animal health and animal welfare rules definesthe European Community's duties as regards the organisation of these controls, as well as the rules whichmust be respected by the national authorities responsible for carrying out the official controls. On the other hand there still exists some specialities in implementation of control and supervision within every countryincluding animal production control. The control system of animal production in the Czech Republic ishandled by a few legal acts, which should ensure food and feed safety at all.



4

POGAČA ULJANE REPICE U HRANIDBI KOKOŠI NESILICA

RAPE SEED OIL-CAKE IN LAYERS NUTRITION

1 Janječić, Z, 1 Mužic, S. 1 Pintar, J., 1 Bedeković, D. 2Voća, N., 1Šnajder, N.

SAŽETAK

Pogača uljane repice, kao glavni sporedni proizvod pri proizvodnji ulja godinama predstavlja velikiizazov istraživačima i nutricionistima glede njene uporabe u hranidbi kokoši nesilica. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj 8 i 16 % pogače uljane repice domaćeg kultivara Bristol u krmnim smjesama na proizvodna svojstva kokoši nesilica. U pokusu je korišteno 90 kokoši Hrvatica u periodu od 20. tjedna do44. tjedna nesivosti. Kokoši su bile raspoređene u 30 kaveza sa po tri kokoši u svakom. Hranidba kokoši s 8 i16 %-im udjelom pogače uljane repice nije imala (p>0.05) negativan utjecaj na broj i prosječnu masu jaja te prosječnu nesivost kokoši. Kod kokoši hranjenih s krmnom smjesom u kojoj je repičina pogača zastupljena

16 % zabilježen je najviši mortalitet (10 %), što je u povezano sa značajno (p<0.05) manjim ukupnim brojemsnešenih jaja tijekom istraživanja. Kod skupine kokoši koje su hranjene s krmnom smjesom u kojoj jerepičina pogača zastupljena s 16 % zabilježen je najveći utrošak krmne smjese po kilogramu jajčane mase i prosječno po jednom jajetu. 16 % pogače uljane repice u krmnoj smjesi dovelo je do nešto većih vrijednostiglede čvrstoće ljuske, visine bjelanjka, boje žumanjka i Haugh jedinica, no te razlike nisu bile značajne(p>0.05). Prosječne ocjene za miris, okus, boju i opću ocjenu jaja u skupini kokoši hranjenih s 16 % pogačeuljane repice u krmnoj smjesi bile su niže u odnosu na ostale tretmane. Iz svega gore navedenoga vidljivo jeda se pogače uljane repice dobivene iz sjemena uljane repice domaćih kultivara Bristol može preporučiti uudjelu od 8 % u krmnim smjesama za kokoši nesilice.

Ključne riječi: pogača uljane re pice, hranidba, kokoši nesilice

______________________________ doc. dr. sc. Zlatko Janječić1, prof. dr. sc. Stjepan Mužic1, doc. dr. sc. Jasna Pintar 1, Dalibor Bedeković1, dipl.ing., Šnajder Nikola1,dipl. ing., Zavod za hranidbu domaćih životinja; 2 dr. sc. Neven Voća, Zavod za poljoprivrednu tehnologiju, skladištenje i transport,Agronomski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska.



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ABSTRACT

Rape seed oil-cake, as the main by-product in the production of has represented a great challenge to allresearches and nutritionist for years related to its use in the feeding process of laying hens. The main goal of this research was to establish the influence of 8 and 16 % rape seed oil-cake of domestic cultivar Bristol infood mixture to the production quality of laying hens. While conducting the experiment, 90 Croatian henshave been used, in period of 20th to 44th weeks of egg production. Hens have been sorted out in 30 cages, 3 of them in each cage. The diet of respective hens with 8 and 16 % portion of rape seed oil-cake has no negative(p>0.05) influence on the number, average egg mass and average egg production. The highest mortality(10%) has been recorded with hens feed with rape seed oil-cake of 16 %, which is in the same group of hensrelated with significantly (p<0.05) less total number of laid eggs during the conduct of experiment. Thegroup feed with 16 % recorded the highest consumption of food mixture per kilo of egg mass and in average per one egg. Rape seed oil-cake of 16 % resulted in slightly higher value respective of shell hardness, heightof albumen, colour of egg yolk, and Haugh unit. Still, respective differences were not significant (p>0.05).Average marks for smell, taste, colour and general mark for eggs in the group of hens feed with rape seedoil-cake of 16 % were lower compared to other treatments. Taking into consideration above mentioned, it

can be concluded that the rape seed oil-cake made out of seed of seed cake of domestic cultivar Bristol can be recommended to be used in the portion of 8 % in food mixture for laying hens.

Key words: rape seed oil-cake, feeding process, laying hens

______________________________ doc. dr. sc. Zlatko Janječić, Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture University of Zagreb, Croatia; phone ++385 1

239 3951, fax. ++385 1 239 3932; e-mail: [email protected]



6

UTJECAJ REPIČINOG ULJA U OBROKU NA KVALITATIVNA SVOJSTVAMIŠIĆNOG TKIVA SVINJA

EFFECT OF DIETARY RAPESEED OIL ON PIG MEAT QUALITY TRAITS

G. Kušec, Gordana Kralik, V. Margeta, Ivona Đurkin, Danica Hanžek

SAŽETAK

Istraživanje je provedeno na 36 svinja, križanaca velikog jorkšira i njemačkog landrasa, podijeljenih u 3 jednake skupine prema hranidbenim tretmanima. Hranidbeni tretmani bili su različiti s obzirom na razinudodanog repičinog ulja. Kontrolna skupina nije sadržavala repičino ulje, dok su pokusne skupine sadržavale3% (A), odnosno 6% repičinog ulja (B). Svinje su zaklane pri živoj težini od 100±3 kg te je 45 minuta post mortem izmjerena inicijalna pH vrijednost (pH45). Nakon 24h hlađenja svinjske polovice izmjeren je završni

pH (pH24) te su utvrđeni slijedeći pokazatelji kvalitete mesa: boja mišića i boja slanine (Göfo vrijednost),sposobnost vezanja vode (Sp.v.v.) i konzistencija.Utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike (p<0,05) između kontrolne i pokusnih skupina u završnim pHvrijednostima koje su bile poželjnije u kontrolnoj skupini svinja. Osim toga, pokusne skupine A i B imale sustatistički značajno veće vrijednosti (p<0,05) izmjerene za boju leđne slanine od kontrolne skupine, štogovori da je masno tkivo iz pokusnih skupina bilo tamnije od uzoraka mjerenih na polovicama kontrolneskupine svinja. Unatoč poželjnijim vrijednostima pH24, kontrolna je skupina imala statistički značajno manju(p<0,05) sposobnost vezanja vode od pokusne skupine A, dok između pokusne skupine B te kontrolneskupine i skupine A nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike (p>0,05). Izgleda da promijenjeni izvori mastiiz obroka nisu utjecali na konzistenciju mišićnog tkiva istraživanih svinja.

Ključne riječi: svinja, repičino ulje, svojstva kvalitete mesa

SUMMARY

Present study was conducted on 36 pigs (LWxGL) divided into 3 equal groups according to feedingtreatments which differed in level of rapeseed oil. In the diet of control group there was no addition of therapeseed oil, while the diets of experimental groups contained 3% and 6% of rapeseed oil, respectively. Pigswere slaughtered at 100±3 kg of live weight and 45 minutes post mortem initial pH (pH45) was determined.After 24h of cooling final pH (pH24) was measured and following meat quality traits were determined:muscle and backfat colour (Göfo value), water holding capacity and consistency. Between the control andexperimental groups of pigs, statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were found in ultimate pH valueswhich were more favourable in the control group. Experimental groups A and B had statistically significant

higher values (p<0.05) measured for backfat colour than the control. This means that fatty tissue fromexperimental groups was darker than those measured in the carcasses from control group of pigs. Despitemore favourable pH24 values, control group had significantly lower (p<0.05) water holding capacity thangroup A, while experimental group B did not differ statistically (p>0.05) from control group andexperimental group A. Consistency of the meat seems not to be affected by the changes in fat source fromthe diets fed to the investigated pigs.

Key words: pig, rapeseed oil, meat quality traits

______________________________ Prof.dr.sc. Goran Kušec, prof.dr.sc.dr.h.c. Gordana Kralik, mr.sc. Vladimir Margeta i Ivona Đurkin, dipl.inž. - Poljoprivrednifakultet, Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Zavod za specijalnu zootehniku, Trg sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek,

Hrvatska, [email protected]



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ŽIVE STANICE I KULTURE KVASCA U HRANIDBI PREŽIVAČA

LIVE YEAST CELLS AND CULTURES IN RUMINANT NUTRITION

Tomislav Mašek, Željko Mikulec

Zavod za hranidbu domaćih životinja

SAŽETAK

Poznavanje kvasca kao probiotika u hranidbi preživača znatno je napredovalo u posljednjihdvadesetak godina. Rezultat toga je stvaranje velikog broja komercijalnih pripravaka baziranih na živimkulturama ili živim stanicama kvasca. Poduzeti su značajni napori kako bi se razjasnili mehanizmi djelovanjakvasca u buragu i interakcija s bakterijama i protozoama, ali i jasnije definirale hranidbene situacije u kojima je pojedini pripravak djelotvoran. Usprkos velikom broju istraživanja koja su definitivno potvrdila

poboljšanje proizvodnosti preživača nakon tretmana kvascem rezultati su vrlo varijabilni i teško predvidivi.Glavni uzroci proizlaze iz različite djelotvornosti pripravaka, ali i velikog broja čimbenika o kojima ovisiekosustav buraga, a time i probava preživača. Ovaj rad će istražiti trenutno poznate mehanizme djelovanjakvasca kao i njihovo međudjelovanje te razinu utjecaja na proizvodnju mlijeka preživača.

Ključne riječi: kulture kvasca, mehanizam djelovanja, preživači, proizvodnja mlijeka, stanice kvasca

ABSTRACT

Understanding of yeast as a probiotic in ruminant nutrition advanced during the last twenty years.The result is development of a large number of commercial products that are based on live yeast cultures or live yeast cells. Intense research efforts have been conducted to clarify the mode of action of yeast in rumenand interaction with bacteria and protozoa as well as to define dietary situations in which certain product iseffective. Despite large number of trials that confirmed the improved productivity of ruminants after yeasttreatment, results are very variable and difficult to predict. The basic reasons are differences in productefficiency and a large number of factors that influence rumen ecosystem and consequently ruminantdigestion. This paper will examine currently known modes of action of yeast and their interactions as well asthe level of influence on production results of dairy ruminants.

Keywords: milk production, mode of action, ruminants, yeast culture, yeast cells



8

UČINAK HRANIDBE NA IMUNI ODZIV PTICA

INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION ON IMMUNE STATUS OF THE BIRDS

H. Mazija1 , Nora Mas2 , Vlasta Šerman2

Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu1 Zavod za bolesti peradi s klinikom

2 Zavod za hranidbu domaćih životinja

Hranidbom, može se neposredno djelovati na zdravlje imunosnog sustava ptica. Radi toga hranamora sadržavati sve potrebne biološki djelatne i hranjive tvari kojima se osigurava prvenstveno razvoj izdravlje tog sustava te zadovoljavaju metaboličke i druge potr eba ptica, ovisno o njihovoj biološkoj ili

proizvodnoj namjeni. Pored toga hranom se mora omogućiti razvoj, umnažanje i održavanje mikropopulacije probavnog sustava čime se potiče euboza. Na razvoj imunosnog sustava djeluje se već neposredno nakonleženja peradi poticanjem razvoja crijevnih resica i tako bolje resorpcije spomenutih aktivnih tvari. Zdravljeimunosnog sustava temelj je općeg zdravlja pa tako istodobno i temelj proizvodnog uspjeha gospodarskiiskoristive peradi. Nedostatak nutrijenata može mijenjati funkciju imunosnog sustava i to uglavnom unegativnom smislu, iako je često sukladan tehnološkim postupcima uzgoja peradi. Način na koji djelujuuključuje različite mehanizme bilo specifične ili nespecifične obrane.



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SUSTAV INTERPRETACIJE REZULTATA ANALIZE HRANE PREMAINTERLABORATORIJSKIM USPOREDBAMA

A SYSTEM OF FEED ANALYSIS RESULTS INTERPRETATION ON THEBASE OF INTER-LABORATORY COMPARISONS

Waldemar Korol, Jolanta Rubaj, Grażyna Bielecka

National Research Institute of Animal Production in Cracow, National Feed Laboratory in Lublin, Poland

The aim of the paper was to evaluate the uncertainty of feed analysis results on the base of inter-laboratorycomparisons (ILC) and proficiency testing (PT) as well as using obtained uncertainties for the creation of an

interpretation system for feed analysis results and feed quality evaluation. The ILC and PT were conductedwith participation of Polish laboratories, including laboratories for feed control and supervision (VeterinaryHygiene Laboratories). The results of four PTs and four ILCs conducted in 2004-2007 were evaluated. Theexpanded uncertainty was calculated as a double relative standard deviation of reproducibility. The expandeduncertainty for method analysis of nutrients (moisture, crude ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fat after acidic hydrolysis, crude fiber, starch and sugar), minerals (chlorides, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium,sodium and potassium), some feed additives (iron, manganese, zinc, copper, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin E,tryptophane and etoxyquin) and fluorine were calculated. Obtained expanded uncertainties were similar inthe most cases to those used by German and Hungarian laboratories in the frame of feed control andsupervision. The manner proposed for calculation of the uncertainty can be used for the interpretation of analytical results and for the evaluation of permitted levels of undesirable substances in feed as well as for evaluation of nutrients and feed additives in feeding stuffs.

Key words: inter-laboratory comparison, result of feed analysis, uncertainty, interpretation



10

RAZLIKE U SADRŽAJU HRANJIVIH TVARI U POJEDINIM SORTAMAULJNE REPICE

VARIABILITY IN NUTRIENT COMPOSITION AMONG RAPESEEDVARIETIES

Eva Straková, Nora Mas, Pavel Suchý, Vlasta Šerman, Vlad imír Večerek

SAŽETAK

Istraživanje je provedeno s ciljem da se ukaže na razlike u hranjivom i biološki djelatnom sastavu pojedinihsorti uljane repice. Pozornost je posebno posvećena sadržaju dušičnih tvari i aminokiselina, s ciljem da seuljana repica iskoristi i kao odgovarajući izvor bjelančevina u hranidbi farmskih životinja. U ovom radu

navedeni su rezultati vlastitih istraživanja 26 sorti uljane repice, žetva 2006. Za objektivnu međusobnuusporedbu analiziranih sorti, sadržaj pojedinačnih tvari, uključujući aminokiseline izražen je u 100 % suhetvari. Kod analiziranih sorta uljane repice količina pojedinačnih sastojaka kretala se u 100% suhe tvari urasponu: bjelančevine 203,6 – 238,0 g/kg, masti: 314,9 – 422,0 g/kg, masti nakon hidrolize: 441,7 – 508,5g/kg, sirova vlaknina 172,1 – 238,7 g/kg, ADF 111,3 – 149, 6 g/kg, ADL 38,6 – 67,8 g/kg, NDF 243,4 – 315,3 g/kg, NET 137,7 – 203,7 g/kg, škrob 32,5 – 40,4 g/kg, organske tvari 951,3 – 958,9 g/kg, pepeo 41,1 – 48,7 g/kg, kalcij 4,6 – 6,7 g/kg, fosfor 6,5 – 8,6 g/kg, magnezij 2,0 – 3,5 g/kg i bruto energija 27,6 – 28,6MJ/kg. Na temelju rezultata analize aminokiselina može se zaključiti da su razlike u sadržaju aminokiselinakod pojedinačnih sorta uljane repice vrlo velike. Kod analiziranih sorta uljane repice varijabilnost izražena u100% suhe tvari uzorka iznosila je: asparaginska kiselina 10,0 – 16,9 g/kg, treonin 5,5 – 10, 0 g/kg, serin 5,6 – 9,9 g/kg, glutaminska kiselina 23,4 – 38,2 g/kg, prolin 1,8 – 16,4 g/kg, glicin 6,5 – 12,2 g/kg, alanin 3,2 – 11,0 g/kg, valin 7,8 – 12,5 g/kg, metionin 1,6 – 4,4 g/kg, izoleucin 5,7 – 9,5 g/kg, leucin 9,9 – 16,7 g/kg,

tirozin 4,1 – 6,6 g/kg, fenilalanin 5,8 – 9,7 g/kg, histidin 4,0 – 6,5 g/kg, lizin 10,1 – 14,6 g/kg, arginin 10,2 – 16,9 g/kg. Na temelju rezultata analiza provedenih u ovom istraživanju može se zaključiti da se sadržajhranjivih tvari u različitim sortama uljane repice međusobno ne razlikuje značajno. Naprotiv, rezultatianaliza aminokiselina ukazuju na značajne razlike među pojedinim sortama uljane repice.

Ovaj rad dio je istraživalačkog projekta po nazivom “Veterinarski aspekti sigurnosti i kakvoče hrane” (broj MSM6215712402) finansiranog od Ministarstva Education, Youth, and Physical Training Češke republike.

______________________________ Prof. dr. sc. Pavel Suchý, Prof. dr. sc. Eva Straková, Zavod za hranidbu, zootehniku i zoohigijenu, Fakultet za veterinarsku higijenu iekologiju, Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveučilište Brno, Češka republika., Prof. dr. sc. Vladimír Večerek; Zavod za veterinarsko javno zdravstvo, Fakultet za veterinarsku higijenu i ekologiju, Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveučilište Brno, Češka republika.

Prof. dr. sc. Nora Mas, Prof. dr. sc. Vlasta Šerman, Zavod za hranidbu, Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska



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SUMMARY

The experimental part of this study attempted to show variability in basic substances contained in seedsincluding amino acids among several varieties of winter rape. Attention was particularly focussed on thelevels of nitrogen-containing substances and amino acids in order to find out whether rapeseed would beused as a suitable source of a protein diet for farm animals. The work provides the results of analyses of 26species of winter rapeseed harvested in 2006. The levels of individual substances including amino acids arerelated to 100% of dry matter to allow the objective comparison of individual analysed varieties. The levelsof substances analysed in winter rapeseed varieties (related to 100% dry matter) varied as follows: proteins -203.6 – 238.0 g/kg, fat – 314.9 – 422.0 g/kg, fat following hydrolysis 441.7 – 508.5 g/kg, fibre - 172.1 – 238.7 g/kg, ADF - 111.3 – 149.6 g/kg, ADL - 38.6 – 67.8 g/kg, NDF 243.4 – 315.3 g/kg, nitrogenfreeextracted substances 137.7 – 203.7 g/kg, starch – 32.5 – 40.4 g/kg, organic mass – 951.3 – 958.9 g/kg, ash – 41.1 – 48.7 g/kg, calcium 4.6 – 6.7 g/kg, phosphorus 6.5 – 8.6 g/kg, magnesium - 2.0 – 3.5 g/kg, and grossenergy - 27.6 – 28.6 MJ/kg. Aminoanalysis shows that individual rapeseed varieties differ significantly bythe amino acids content which confirms qualitative differences in protein composition among individualvarieties. We found variability in individual amino acids among the rapeseed varieties investigated (related

to 100% of dry matter in a sample): aspartic acid - 10.0 – 16.9 g/kg, threonine - 5.5 – 10.0 g/kg, serine - 5.6 – 9.9 g/kg, glutamic acid - 23.4 – 38.2 g/kg, proline - 1.8 – 16.4 g/kg, glycine - 6.5 – 12.2 g/kg, alanine - 3.2 – 11.0 g/kg, valine - 7.8 – 12.5 g/kg, methionine - 1.6 – 4.4 g/kg, isoleucine - 5.7 – 9.5 g/kg, leucine - 9.9 – 16.7 g/kg, tyrosine - 4.1 – 6.6 g/kg, phenylalanine - 5.8 – 9.7 g/kg, histidine - 4.0 – 6.5 g/kg, lysine - 10.1 – 14.6 g/kg, arginine - 10.2 – 16.9 g/kg. It follows from the results obtained that the varieties studied showedgreat variability in the levels of individual amino acids rather than in gross nutrient composition.

This work was part of the Research Plan of the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Physical Training of theCzech Republic No. MSM6215712402 “Veterinary aspects of food safety and quality“

______________________________ Prof. Ing. Eva Straková, Ph. D., Prof. MVDr. Pavel Suchý, CSc., Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, Dep. of Nutrition,Zootechnic and Zoohygiene, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, the Czech Republic; Prof. MVDr.Vladimír Večerek, CSc., Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, Dep. of Veterinary Public Health and Toxicology, Universit yof Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, the Czech Republic

Prof.dr.sc. Nora Mas, DVM., Prof.dr.sc. Vlasta Šerman, DVM, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dep. of Animal Nutrition,University of Zagreb, Croatia



12

GLOBALNI TRENDOVI U HRANIDBI SVINJA. IZAZOVI I MOGUĆNOSTI

THE GLOBAL TRENDS IN PIG FEEDING AND NUTRITION.CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

L. Babinszky, J. Tossenberger and Cs. Szabó

Kaposvár University Department of Animal Nutrition H-7401 Kaposvár, P.O.Box l6, Hungary

The following important conclusions can be drawn from the latest global trends outlined in oral presentation:

1. Providing alternative protein and energy sources for pig feeding will be an important challenge in the

forthcoming years.2. Further studies are required for the purpose of developing alternative solutions to replace growth promoting antibiotics.

3. The impact of climate changes on crop production and consequently on animal nutrition needs to bestudied in comprehensive, systematic research programs, and based on their results animal feedingsystems should be modified if necessary.

4. The role of molecular nutrition and the immunological role of nutrition for enhancing the efficiencyof production will gain importance.

5. The cooperation between nutritionists and geneticists needs to be strengthened in order to satisfy thenutrient requirements more accurately, and thus to improve the profitability of production.

6. New mathematical growth models need to be developed for better production estimates which alsoincorporate the quality of animal products.

7. The importance of various in vitro techniques will grow in the forthcoming years and thedevelopment of newer methods can be expected.8. The integrated “from farm to fork” programs will be essential in the production of safe and high

quality animal food products. Animal nutrition will play a key role in these product development andmonitoring programs.

9. The production of environmentally friendly animal products will become a social imperative.Animal nutrition still has huge unexploited reserves in this field, for instance in the development of novel animal feeding systems and technologies.

10. The practical implementation of precision nutrition can be of great help in achieving these goals.



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ANTIOKSIDANSI – VAŽNOST ZA ŽIVOTINJE I POTROŠAČE

ANTIOXIDANTS – SIGNIFICANCE FOR ANIMAL AND CONSUMER

Janez Salobir in Tamara Frankič

ABSTRACT

In physiological conditions mammals produce free radicals (prooxidants), the concentration of which isregulated with antioxidants. When there is a lack of balance between free radicals and antioxidants we talk

about oxidative stress, which can be induced by several factors (higher PUFA intake, presence of metal ionsand toxins in feed, infections….). Antioxidant supplementation is not beneficial only for the protection of thefarm animals alone, but also for the preservation of the nutritional value and flavor of their products. Nevertheless, animal products enriched in antioxidant substances, can be a good source of them for theconsumer.



14

UTJECAJ RAZLIČITIH IZVORA I RAZINA SELENA NA PROIZVODNAOBILJEŽJA I BIOKEMIJSKE POKAZATELJE U KRVI KONZUMNIH

NESILICA

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SOURCES AND LEVELS OF SELENIUM ONPRODUCTION AND BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS IN BLOOD OF LAYING

HENS

Zlata Gajčević1 , Gordana Kralik 1 , Marcela Šperanda1 , Z. Škrtić1 , I. Matanić2

SAŽETAK

Selen je esencijalni mikroelement potreban životinjama za rast i održavanje normalnih biokemijskihfunkcija. Deficit selena u ptica, osobito uz paralelni nedostatak vitamina E, uzrokuje pojavu eksudativnedijateze i encefalomalacije, a utvrđen je i pad otpornosti, smanjenje proizvodnje, oplođenosti i valivosti jaja,slabije operjavanje pilića i porast embrionalne smrtnosti. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 480 nesilica hibridaHy Line Brown u dobi od 26. do 30. tjedna, podijeljenih u četiri skupine. Nesilice su bile smještene u kavezeod po 5 nesilica u svakom i hranjene ad libitum komercijalnom krmnom smjesom sa 18% sirovih bjelančevina i 11,60 MJ ME. Prvoj pokusnoj skupini (P1) u hranu je umiješan natrij selenit u količini 0,2 ppm, drugoj pokusnoj (P2) 0,2 ppm organskog selena, trećoj skupini (P3) 0,4 ppm anorganskog selena, ačetvrtoj skupini (P4) 0,4 ppm organskog selena (Sel-Plex®, Alltech, inc.). Veći broj jaja i intenzitet nesivostizabilježen je u skupini s višom razinom selena anorganskog izvora. Biokemijskom pretragom krvnog serumautvrđena je statistički značajno veća koncentracija glukoze u krvi nesilica P3 skupine u odnosu na nesilice P1

i P4 pokusne skupine (P<0,05). Nadalje, koncentracija glukoze u krvi nesilica skupina P2 statistički seznačajno razlikuje (P<0,05) od skupine P1. Više ukupnih proteina utvrđeno je u skupini P4 (58,20 g·l-1) uodnosu na skupine s dodatkom selena anorganskog podrijetla (P1 55,50 g·l-1 i P3 54,32 g·l-1) i skupinu snižom razinom organskog selena u hrani (P2 55,98 g·l-1).

Ključne riječi: nesilice, proizvodna svojstva, anorganski selen, organski selen, biokemijski pokazatelji



KRMIVA 2008

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SUMMARY

Selenium is essential trace element needed for animal growth and maintenance of normal biochemicalfunction. Deficiency of selenium in birds, especially with parallel deficit of vitamin E, causes appearance of exudative diathesis and encephalomalacia, immune deficiencies, production decrease, lower fertility andhatchability of eggs, poor feathering and increased embryonic mortality of chicks. The study was conductedon 480 Hy Line Brown hybrid laying hens in the period of 26th – 30th week of age. The hens were dividedinto four groups and housed in cages (5 birds per cage). All birds were fed ad libitum with commercial dietcontaining 18% of crude protein and 11.60 MJ/kg ME. Into the diets for experimental groups P1 to P4 wasadded 0.2 ppm of sodium selenit, 0.2 ppm of organic selenium, 0.4 ppm of inorganic selenium and 0.4 ppmof organic selenium (Sel-Plex Alltech, inc.), respectively. Higher number of eggs and laying intensity wasfound in the group with higher level of inorganic selenium. Biochemical analysis of blood serum showed thatexperimental group P3 had significantly higher (p<0.05) concentration of glucoses than P1 and P4 groups.Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in concentration of glucoses were found between experimentalgroups P2 and P1.Group P4 had higher total protein content (58.20 g.l-1) than groups P1 and P3 with

inorganic selenium (55.50 g.

l-1

and 54.32 g.

l-1

, respectively) and group P2 (55.98 g.

l-1

) with lower levels of organic selenium in the diet.

Keywords: laying hens, production traits, inorganic selenium, organic selenium, biochemical indicators

______________________________ 1Mr.sc. Zlata Gajčević, prof.dr.sc.dr.h.c. Gordana Kralik, doc.dr.sc. Marcela Šperanda i doc.dr.sc. Zoran Škrtić – Poljoprivrednifakultet, Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Trg sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Hrvatska, [email protected]

2Ivica Matanić, dipl.inž., Alltech Croatia, Eisenhutova 3 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska



16

UTJECAJ HRANIDBENIH TRETMANA NA KVALITATIVNA SVOJSTVAMIŠIĆNOG TKIVA PILIĆA

INFLUENCE OF DIETARY TREATMENTS ON MEAT QUALITY TRAITSOF BROILERS

Ivona Đurkin, G. Kušec, Gordana Kralik, Zlata Gajčević, Zlata Maltar

SAŽETAK

Istraživanje je provedeno na 28 muških Ross308 hibrida podijeljenih u četiri hranidbena tretmana u trajanju

od šest tjedana. U cilju istraživanja utjecaja hranidbenih tretmana na kvalitativna svojstva mišićnog tkiva, pilići su hranjeni smjesom u koju su dodani 3% sojinog ulja (kontrolna skupina), 3% lanenog ulja (skupinaP1), 2,9% lanenog ulja + 0,1% PBE1 (skupina P2) te 2,9% lanenog ulja + 0,1% PBE2 (skupina P3). Pilići sužrtvovani u dobi od 42 dana te su 45 minuta post mortem na prsnom mišiću uzete mjere inicijalnog pH(pH45) i električne provodljivosti (EC45). Boja (izražena kao Hunter L*, Hunter a* i Hunter b*), sposobnostvezanja vode (Sp.v.v.), konzistencija, završni pH (pH24) i električna provodljivost (EC24) utvrđeni su 24hnakon klanja. Tekstura mesa (WBSF) utvrđena je na lijevoj polovici prsnog mišića nakon odmrzavanja pritemperaturi od +4°C u trajanju od 24h. Statističkom obradom utvrđene su značajne razlike (p<0,05) izmeđuhranidbenih tretmana za slijedeća svojstva kvalitete mesa: konzistencija – između kontrolne skupine teskupina P1 i P3, te P1 i P2, boja (Hunter b) između pokusnih skupina P2 i P3, tekstura - između kontrolneskupine te skupina P2 i P3 te između skupina P1 i P2. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da dodavanje usmjese lanenog ulja, kao zamjene za sojino ulje te kombinacija lanenog ulja i PBE1 i PBE2 pripravaka utječe

na pojavu nježnijih mišićnih vlakana u prsnom mišiću. Meso skupine P2 imalo je najizraženiju crvenu boju,na što je vjerojatno utjecao primijenjen hranidbeni tretman.

Ključne riječi: pilići, hranidbeni tretman, svojstva kvalitete mesa



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SUMMARY

The present study was conducted on 28 Ross308 male hybrids divided into four feeding treatments. In order to investigate influence of the feeding treatments on meat quality traits, broilers were fed with dietscomposed by adding 3% of soya oil (control group), 3% of linseed oil + 0,1% PBE1 (P2 group) and 2,9%linseed oil + 0,1% PBE2 (P3 group). Broilers were slaughtered at 42 days of age and 45 minutes post mortemmeasures of initial pH (pH45) and electric conductivity (EC45) were taken. Measures of colour (expressed byHunter L*, Hunter a* and Hunter b*), water holding capacity, consistency, ultimate pH (pH24) and electricconductivity (EC24) were determined 24 hours post mortem. Meat texture (WBSF) was determined on the leftside of the breast muscle after 24 hours of thawing. Statistical analysis showed significant differences(p<0.05) between feeding treatments for following meat quality traits: consistency – between control groupand P1 and P3 groups and between P1 and P2; colour (Hunter b) – between P2 and P3; texture – betweencontrol group and P2 and P3, and between groups P1 and P2. Results of the study showed that adding of linseed oil as the substitution for soya oil and combination of linseed oil with PBE1 and PBE2 preparationsinfluenced on the appearance of less tender breast muscle fibres. Chicken meat of P2 group had more

pronounced redness which was likely influenced by applied dietary treatment.

Key words: chicken, feeding treatment, meat quality traits

______________________________ Ivona Đurkin, dipl. ing., prof.dr.sc. Goran Kušec, prof.dr.sc.dr.h.c. Gordana Kralik, mr.sc. Zlata Gajčević, mr.sc. Zlata Mal tar -Poljoprivredni fakultet Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Zavod za specijalnu zootehniku, Trg sv. Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Hrvatska, [email protected]



18

UTJECAJ RAZLIČITIH RAZINA SIROVIH BJELANČEVINA NAPROIZVODNE REZULTATE PILIĆA U TOVU

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CRUDE PROTEIN ON THEPERFORMANCE OF BROILER

Steiner, Zv., M. Domaćinović, Z. Antunović, Đ. Senčić, Marcela Šperanda i Z. Steiner

SUMMARY

A study was conducted to evaluate crude protein level and low energy supply on broiler production parameters. Six- hundred Ross 308-day-old broiler chicks were divided in three basic group and placed in 3cages.Treatments consisted of a control diet (220 g/kg CP) formulated to meet NRC (National ResearchCouncil, 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th ed(revised). NationalAcademy Press, Washington), alow crude protein diet (205 g/kg CP), and the third low crude protein diet (190 g/kg CP) with the same ratio1:135-138 ME and crude protein in starter (first 21 days). Finisher (22 day till end ) control diet consisted200 g/kg CP, the second diet with low crude protein consisted 185 g/kg CP, and the third diet consisted 170g/kg CP, with the ratio 1: 158 ME and crude protein. Feed intake tended to decrease with increasing crude protein and energy. Feed conversion (g gain per g feed) improved as crude protein and energy increased.Concentration of creatine, cholesterol and HDL cholesterol in blood serum were significantly diferent

(P<0,05) betwen control and third group. The values of research parameters have been statistically processed with a computer program for analysis of the variance (Statistica Stat Soft Inc., 2001).



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AROMA "CITRUS KOMORAČ" U TOVU BROJLERA

FLAVOUR "CITRUS-FENNEL" IN FEEDING BROILER CHICKEN

M. Saftić1 , D. Čotinski2 , D. Belorečkov2 , M. Ignatova2 , N. Nikolov3

Ograničavanje korištenja nutritivnih antibiotika za stimuliranje rasta u ishrani životinja dovela je od primjene dopunskih krmiva biljnog podrijetla – eteričnih ulja od začinskog i ljekovitog bilja.Zajednička karakteristika svih biljnih ekstrakata je njihova aroma koja uvjetuje biološke efekte i toantioksidativna, imunostimulirajuća, antimikrobna, antivirusna, kao i jače izlučivanje žuči i aktivnostienzima probave.U elitnoj peradarskoj bazi Instituta u Kostinbrodu ispitivan je utjecaj eteričnih ulja CITRUS KOMORAČA

na rast i iskorištenje hranjivih materija kod brojlera.

U sistemu ishrane korištene su smjese starter grover i finišer sa 300g/tonu dodane arome CITRUSKOMORAČ.Praćen je dnevni prirast, dnevna konzumacija hrane i mortalitet pilića. Nakon pokusa provedena je klaonička analiza mesa, retencija proteina i energije kemijskom analizom, kao ikulinarska priprema mesa.Pokus je pokazao povećanje tjelesne težine brojlera za 5,5%, a utrošak stočne hrane po kilogramu prirastasmanjen je za 3,1%.Konzumacija stočne hrane se povećava za 2,4%.Smanjuje se količina abdominalne masti brojlera za 15,4%.Povećava se težina gril pakiranja za 7,9% ili 104 grama/pakovanju.Povećava se težina bataka za 2,3%, kao i težina mesa prsa za 11,5% što je posebno značajno kodkonfekcioniranog pilećeg mesa.Kulinarska odrada ukazuje na nepromjenjen okus i miris mesa i pripremljenih jela.Input od 1 EURO u proizvodnju kroz CITRUS KOMORAČ rezultira kroz 6 EURA u outputu, gril pakovanje.

Potrošnja arome CITRUS KOMORAČ iznosila je 11,25 gr/piliću i to donosi povećanje od 186 gr živevage/piliću ili 104 gr/gril pakovanju ili 100 pilića potroši 1,12 kg aroma CITRUS KOMORAČ u vrijednostiod 4,5 EURA i daje 18,60 kg žive vage više u vrijednosti od oko 25,0 EURA.

______________________________ 1 Mr.sc. Mirko Saftić –Ireks Aroma, Zagreb2

Dr.D.Čotinski,Dr.D.Belorečkov,Dr.M.Ignatova,Institut za stočarstvo,Kostinbrod,BG. 3.N.Nikolov –Konik Aroma Sofija,Bugarska



20

KVALITETA TRUPOVA BROJLERSKIH PILIĆA COBB 500 I HUBBARDCLASSIC PRI HRANIDBI KRMNIM SMJESAMA S NIŽOM I VIŠOM

RAZINOM PROTEINA I ENERGIJE

CARCASS QUALITY OF COBB 500 AND HUBBARD CLASSIC BROILER CHICKEN IN DIET WITH LOWER AND HIGHER LEVEL OF PROTEIN

AND ENERGY IN THE FEED MIXTURE

Nedeljka Nikolova, Zlatica Pavlovski, Niko Milošević, Lidija Perić

SAŽETAK

Ocjenjivanje kvalitete brojlerskih trupova sprovedeno je na ukupno 240 pilića dva genotipa Cobb500 i Hubbard Classic tovljenih do 49 dana. Korišćene su dve različite energetsko-proteinske krmne smjese,a cilj istraživanja je bio utvrditi utjecaj genotipa, spola i hranidbe na kvalitet brojlerskih trupova (masa trupa,randman, mase i udjeli osnovnih djelova trupa), njihove varijance i interakcija. Utvrđen je statističkiznačajan (P<0,05) utjecaj spola na masu trupa pilića, naime muški pilići imali su značajno veću masutrupova u svim obradama. Kod pilića genotipa Cobb 500 i kod pilića hranjenim krmnom smjesom u sustavuI pojavile su se neznačajno veće vrijednosti mase trupova (P>0,05). Kod ocijenjivanja randmana statističkiznačajan (P<0,05) utjecaj imao je samo genotip i to jedino kod obrade „pripremljeno za roštilj“, u koristgenotipa Cobb 500. Ispitivanje varijance kod mase trupa i randmana pokazalo je da su najveće vrijednosti

bile pod utjecajem spola. Muški pilići imali su statistički značajno (P<0,05) veću masu prsa, bataka izabataka i veći udio bataka u odnosu na ženske piliće. Kod mase osnovnih djelova trupa ostali faktori nisuimali značajnog utjecaja ali kod ispitivanja udjela ovih djelova trupa, statistički značajne razlike utvrđene sukod djelovanja genotipa i hranidbe Pilići genotipa Cobb 500 imali su značajno veći udio prsa, dok su pilićihranjeni krmnom smjesom u sustavu II imali značajno veći udio bataka u trupu. Interakcija genotip i sustavhranidbe imala je statistički visoko značajan (P<0,01) utjecaj na obradu „pripremljeno za roštilj“. Najvećerandmane imali su pilići genotipa Cobb 500 hranjeni krmnom smjesom u sustavu I.

Ključne riječi: brojlerski pilići, genotip, krmne smjese, kvalitet trupova



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SUMMARY

Carcass quality evaluation was introduced on total 240 broiler chicken Cobb 500 and Hubbard Classicgenotype, fattened until 49 days of age. Two different energy-protein feed mixtures were used, so the aim of researching was to determine effects of genotype, sex and different feed mixture on quality of broiler carcass(carcass weight, dressing percentage and weight and portion of main parts of carcass), their variance andinteraction. Statistically significant (P<0,05) effect of sex on carcass weight was determined, namely, themale chickens had considerably bigger carcass weight in all slaughter processing. Insignificant (P>0,05)higher values of carcass weight were present in Cobb 500 genotype and chicken fed with mixture I.Genotype affected statistically significant (P<0,05) on dressing percentage, only in “ready for grilling” on behalf of genotype Cobb 500. Investigation of variance in carcass weight and dressing percentage wasshowed the highest values under influence of sex. Male chicken had significantly (P<0,05) heavier breasts,thighs and drumsticks, and higher portion of thighs then female chicken. Statistically significant differencesin portion of main parts of carcass were confirmed under influence of genotype and diets. In that way, Cobb500 chicken had significantly (P<0,05) higher portion of breasts, while the chicken fed with mixture II hadsignificantly higher portion of thighs in carcass. Interaction between genotype and diet had statistically

highly significant (P<0,01) effect on slaughtering trait “ready for grilling”, so the highest values of dressing percentage had chicken of genotype Cobb 500 fed with mixture I.

Key words: broiler chickens, genotype, feed mixture, carcass quality.



22

KAKVOĆA POSTUPKA FERMENTACIJE VISOKOVLAŽNOG ZRNAKUKURUZA

THE QUALITY OF FERMENTATION PROCESS OF HIGH MOISTURECORN

Bíro, D., Gálik, B., Juráček, M., Šimko, M.

Department of Animal NutritionSlovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic

SUMMARY

The objective of this research work was to find the influence of different silage additives on the quality of fermentation process of ensiled high moisture crimped corn. Three variants were examined: untreated control(UC) variant in which we conserved high moisture corn without additives, and experimental variants A andB. In these variants we applied different silage additives (bacterial inoculant in variant A and combined biochemical additive in variant B). After 6 months of silage fermentation process were the average samplesfor content of fermentation products determined. The highest content of lactic acid we found in untreatedcontrol variant (24.27 g/kg of dry matter). After the silage additives application we found lower content of acetic acid (2.87 in variant A and 2.82 g/kg of dry matter in variant B). Content of undesirable butyric acidwas generally very low. The lowest value (significantly at P<0.01) of titration acidity we determined invariant B. The value of active acidity (pH) of water extracts of silages were from 3.70 (variant B) to 3.75

(variant UC), without statistically differences. In variants conserved by additives we found lower content of ammonia and also total alcohols. In comparison with untreated variant (UC) we didn´t find in top of silage profiles of experimental variants (A, B) sensory occurrence of fungi.The application of combined biochemical additive influenced the quality of fermentation process more positively for higher content of lactic acid and the lowest content of acetic acid, titration acidity, value of pH.

Keywords: silage, high moisture corn, fermentation process, fermentation products



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PROFIL MASNIH KISELINA U MLIJEKU BUŠE

FATTY ACIDS PROFILE IN BUSHA MILK

Z. Škrtić, A. Levart, S. Jovanovac, V. Gantner, D. Kompan, P. Božić, A. Orak

SAŽETAK

Istražen je sastav masnih kiselina u mlijeku 15 grla ličke buše smještenih u Križevačkoj poljani, Križevci.Uzimanje uzoraka omogućio je Centar za reprodukciju u stočarstvu Hrvatske d.o.o. Uzorci mlijekaanalizirani su korištenjem plinskog kromatografa (Agilent 6890) u laboratoriju Oddelka za zootehniko,Biotehniška fakulteta, Univerze v Ljubljani. Sadržaj masnih kiselina u mlijeku prikazan je u % od ukupnihmasnih kiselina utvrđenih u mlijeku. Najzastupljenije masne kiseline u mlijeku buše bile su zasićene masne

kiseline (SFA, 59,14%), zatim mononezasićene (MUFA, 35,28%), dok su polinezasićene masne kiselinečinile ukupno 5,58% od ukupnih masnih kiselina (n-6 PUFA 3,93%, n-3 PUFA 1,65%). U mlijeku bušeutvrđen je povoljan omjer n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA u vrijednosti od 2,38:1. Najzastupljenija n-3 PUFA bila je α-linolenska kiselina (αLNA, C18:3n-3, 1,13% od ukupnih masnih kiselina). Eikozapentaenska (EPA, C20:5n-3) i dokozapentaenska (DPA, C22:5n-3) kiselina činile su svega nešto više od 25% ukupnih n-3 PUFA umlijeku buše. Prisutnost dokozaheksaenske kiseline (DHA, C22:6n-3) utvrđena je u šest od ukupno 15uzoraka. Sadržaj poželjne konjugirane linolne kiseline (CLA C18:2n-6 c9, t11) bio je u prosjeku oko 1% umlijeku istraženih uzoraka, odnosno u intervalu od 0,47% do 1,63%.

Ključne riječi: buša, mlijeko, n-3 PUFA, profil masnih kiselina

______________________________ doc.dr.sc. Zoran Škrtić; prof.dr.sc. Sonja Jovanovac; dr.sc. Vesna Gantner, Poljoprivredni fakultet Sveučilišta J.J. Strossmayera uOsijeku, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Hrvatska; dr.sc. Alenka Levart; doc.dr.sc. Dragomir Kompan, Univerza v Ljubljani,Biotehniška Fakulteta, Oddelek za zootehniko, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia; dr.sc. Pero Božić, dr.vet.med.; Antonio Orak,dr.vet.med., Centar za reprodukciju u stočarstvu Hrvatske, Potočka 20, Križevci, Hrvatska



24

SUMMARY

Fatty acids profile in milk of 15 Busha cows was determined. Cows were reared in Križevačka poljana,Križevci. Milk sampling was enabled by Croatian Reproduction Centre for Domestic Animals Ltd. Milk samples were analysed by gas chromatograph (Agilent 6890) in laboratory at the University of Ljubljana,Biotechnical Faculty, Zootechnical Department. Fatty acid contents were presented as percentage (%) of total fatty acids that were determined in analysed milk samples. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) had the greatest proportion of total fatty acids determined in Busha's milk that is in amount of 59.14%. Monounsaturatedfatty acids (MUFA) participated with 35.28% in total fatty acids, while polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6PUFA 3.93%, n-3 PUFA 1.65%) had the proportion of 5.58% of total fatty acids. Preferable ratio n-6PUFA/n-3 PUFA (2,38:1) was determined in Busha's milk. In all n-3 PUFA the α-linoleic acid (αLNA,C18:3n-3) had the greatest proportion in amount of 1.13% of total fatty acids. Eicosapentaenoic (EPA,C20:5n-3) and docosapentaenoic (DPA, C22:5n-3) acids were present in Busha's milk in amount of approximately 25% of all n-3 PUFA. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) was determined in 6 milk samples. Content of preferable conjugated linolenic acid (CLA C18:2n-6 c9, t11) in sampled milk was in

interval from 0.47% to 1.63% that is in average value of 1%.

Keywords: Busha, milk, n-3 PUFA, fatty acid profile

______________________________ doc.dr.sc. Zoran Škrtić; prof.dr.sc. Sonja Jovanovac; dr.sc. Vesna Gantner, Faculty of Agriculture, J.J. Strossmayer Universi ty inOsijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; dr.sc. Alenka Levart; doc.dr.sc. Dragomir Kompan, University of Ljubljana,Biotechnical Faculty, Zootechnical Department, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia; dr.sc. Pero Božić, dr.vet.med.; Antonio Ora k,

dr.vet.med., Croatian Reproduction Centre for Domestic Animals Ltd., Potočka 20, Križevci, Croatia



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MOGUĆNOSTI PROIZVODNJE I KORIŠTENJA KOBILJEG MLIJEKA

POSSIBILITIES FOR PRODUCTION AND USAGE OF MARE`S MILK

Avrelio Dolores¹, Baban Mirjana,² Mijić, P.,² Antunović, Z.,² Ernoić, M.,³ Antunović, B.² Kontakt mail adresa: [email protected]

SAŽETAK

Poznati su i kemijski sastav i hr anidbena svojstva kobiljeg mlijeka u ljudskoj prehrani te mogućnosti njegove prerade u kozmetičkoj i farmaceutskoj industriji. Najznačajnijim svojstvom kobiljeg mlijeka smatra se nizak udio mliječne masti, te izuzetno visok udio višestruko nezasićenih masnih kiselina (čak 28%) od kojih sesintetiziraju omega-6 i omega-3 masne kiseline čija je vrijednost nezamjenjiva za ljudski organizam. Mlijekokobila ima pozitivan učinak u ljudskoj prehrani jer zbog visoke razine sirutkinih proteina povećava opskrbu

organizma esencijalnim aminokiselinama. Blagotvorno djelovanje kobiljeg mlijeka najučinkovitije je kada jemlijeko u svježem, prirodnom stanju bez prethodne obrade. Udio kazeina je puno manji od udjela albumina iglobulina što ga čini lako probavljivim i lako se resorbira u krv. Cisterna vimena kobile volumena je samo 60ml. Ipak, kobila je sposobna dati u prosjeku od 15 do 20 l mlijeka dnevno u 358 dana laktacije, a rekorderkesu dale i po 28 l mlijeka dnevno. Dnevna količina proizvedenog mlijeka izražena prema tjelesnoj masi kobileiznosi od 2 do 3,5 kg/100 kg žive vage. Sušeno mlijeko u prahu se miješa s toplom vodom i može se odmahkonzumirati. Kumis se proizvodi od svježeg mlijeka specifičnom metodom vrenja koje se temelji nakombinaciji alkoholne i mliječne kiseline. Mogućnosti primjene kobiljeg mlijeka su mnogobrojne, ali se uHrvatskoj za sada gotovo i ne koriste. Razlog je nedovoljna informiranost i educiranost, ograničenjauzrokovana standardom društva, te što kobilje mlijeko nije dovoljno eksponirano, iako se može primjetiti blagi porast zanimanja za njega. Zbog nedovoljnih informacija o ovoj temi, potrebno je još izvršiti brojnaznanstvena istraživanja. U Hrvatskoj se za sada mužnjom i prodajom kobiljeg mlijeka na ekstenzivan način bavi samo “Farma Haber” iz Rovinja. Osim visoke ekonomske isplativosti u proizvodnji kobiljeg mlijeka(jedna litra ima cijenu čak oko 20 €), daleko je važnija činjenica da kobilje mlijeko ima dokazano pozitivanučinak u liječenju i sprečavanju pojave velikog broja bolesti kod ljudi. To će mu omogućiti sve veću primjenu u budućem vremenu. Dobro su poznata njegova blagotvorna svojstva koja proizlaze iz kemijskogsastava, a velika mu je prednost što ne mora podlijegati industrijskoj obradi (pasterizaciji), nego se možekoristiti u izvornom obliku. U današnje vrijeme, u Europi su dostupni pripravci na bazi kobiljeg mlijeka i ukozmetičkoj i farmaceutskoj industriji.

Ključne riječi: kobilje mlijeko, kumis, sušeno mlijeko u prahu

Rad je izvod iz diplomskog rada Dolores Avrelio „M ogućnosti proizvodnje i korištenja kobiljeg mlijeka u Hrvatskoj”, obranjenog 05.02.2008. na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu u Osijeku. Prikazani rezultati proizašli suiz znanstvenog projekta «Analiza i genetsko unapređivanje sportskih pasmina konja u Hrvatskoj» ,

provođenog uz potporu Ministarstva znanosti, obrazovanja i športa Republike Hrvatske.

______________________________ (1) Dolores Avrelio, dipl. inž.,, Vijenac I. Meštrovića 30, 31 000 Osijek. (2) prof. dr. sc. Mirjana Baban, prof. dr. sc. Pero Mijić, prof.

dr. sc. Zvonko Antunović, doc. dr. sc. Boris Antunović, dr.vet.med - Poljoprivredni fakultet, Trg sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, (3) mr.sc. Miljenko Ernoić, Varaždinska županija, Franjevački trg 7, 42000 Varaždin



26

UČINAK SMJEŠTAJNIH PRILIKA NA HIGIJENSKU KVALITETU ZRAKAU KRMAČARNIKU

INFLUENCE OF ACCOMMODATION CONDITIONS ON HYGIENIC AIR QUALITY IN THE SOW FACILITY

Marija Vučemilo, Kristina Matković, Bara Vinković, Sanja Radović, Renata Brezak, M. Benić

SAŽETAK

U radu se opisuje krmačarnik u kojem se analiziraju osnovni pokazatelji mikroklime, koncentracija prašine, amonijaka te brojnost bakterija i gljivica u zraku nastambe.

Kvaliteta zraka je uz ostale mikroklimatske faktore pokazatelj smještajnih prilika u nastambama za

životinje i čimbenik koji utječe na zdravlje i dobrobit životinja. Stoga je cilj istraživanja bilo utvrditi u kojojmjeri odgovarajući način smještaja krmača utječe na kvalitetu zraka. Istraživanje je provedeno u modernoopremljenom krmačarniku veličine 10 x 40 m sa 180 boksova. U vrijeme istraživanja u krmačarniku je bilo150 krmača. Tijekom tri mjeseca u istim tjednim razmacima obavljeno je 12 uzorkovanja zraka uređajemMerck MAS 100 (Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany). U isto vrijeme određivana je temperatura zraka (t ºC),relativna vlaga (rh %) i brzina strujanja zraka (w m/s) pomoću uređaja Testo 400 (Testo Inc., Lenzkirch,Germany). Koncentracija amonijaka i ugljičnog dioksida određivana je pomoću Dräger -Multiwarn II device(Dräger, Darmstadt, Germany). Prašina je uzorkovana na filtere (Whatman International Ltd., Maidstone,UK) pomoću SKC pumpe (SKC Ltd., Blandford Forum, UK). Zrak je uzorkovan na hranjive podloge zaizolaciju aerobnih mezofilnih bakterija i gljivica, nakon čega je standardnim metodama utvrđen njihov broj iidentifikacija. Prema dobivenim rezultatima broj aerobnih mezofilnih bakterija kretao se od 2,52 x 104 do3,12 x 104 , a broj gljivica od 4,99 x 103 do 5,93 x 103 CFU/m3 zraka. Koncentracija prašine kretala se od 2,9

mg/m3 do 3,6 mg/m3. Najzastupljeniji identificirani mikroorganizmi bile su gram pozitivne bakterije, a zatimgram negativne bakterije i gljivice. Osim toga, utvrđen je statistički značajan utjecaj broja krmača i ostalih parametara mikroklime na koncentraciju mikroorganizama i prašine u zraku. Koncentracijamikroorganizama i prašine kretala se u skladu sa zabilježenim iz literature. Stoga se može zaključiti da usuvremenim uvjetima smještaja s automatskim sustavom za regulaciju mikroklimatskih prilika ukrmačarniku treba očekivati povoljnu mikrobiološku kakvoću zraka, čije vrijednosti ovise o gustoći populacije uz pridržavanje dozvoljenog broja životinja po jedinici smještajnog prostora.

Ključne riječi: krmačarnik, mikroklima, prašina, amonijak, mikroorganizmi u zraku.



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ABSTRACT

This paper describe object for sow accommodation in which are analyzing basic microclimatefactors, dust concentration, ammonia concentration and number of bacteria and fungi in the air.

Air quality is among other microclimate factors indicator of accommodation situation in animalliving, as well as factor that influence on health and animal welfare. Therefore the aim of this research was todetermine in how proper accommodation of sow influence on air quality. Research was performed in modernobject for sows, dimension 10 x 40 m with 200 boxes. In time of research in object were 180 sows. Duringthree months in same week intervals was done 12 sampling of air by Merck MAS 100 (Merck KgaA,Darmstadt, Germany). At the same time it was determined air temperature (t ºC), relative humidity (rh %)and air flow velocity (w m/s) by Testo 400 device (Testo Inc., Lenzkirch, Germany).

Concentration of ammonia and carbon dioxide was determined by Dräger-Multiwarn II device(Dräger, Darmstadt, Germany). Dust was sampled on filters (Whatman International Ltd., Maidstone, UK) by SKC pump (SKC Ltd., Blandford Forum, UK). Air was sampled on nutrient agar for isolation aerobicmesofilic bacteria and fungi, afterward with standard methods was determined their number andidentification.

To the obtained results number of aerobic mesofilic bacteria was from 2,52 x 104

to 3,12 x 104

CFU/m3, and number of fungi was from 4,99 x 103 to 5,93 x 103 CFU/m3 of air. Dust concentration was from2,9 mg/m3 to 3,6 mg/m3. The mostly identified microorganisms were gram positive bacteria, than gramnegative bacteria and fungi. Beside that, it was determined statisticaly significant influence of sow number and other microclimate parameters on microorganisms and dust concentration in the air. Air concentrationsof microorganisms and dust recorded in these sow house were according to the respective figures reported inthe literature.

Therefore it could be concluded that in modern accommodation conditions with automatic regulationof microclimate in object for sows, it could be anticipated favourably microbiological air quality, whosevalues depend on population density with comply on good management.

Key words: object for sows, microclimate, dust, ammonia, airborne microorganisms



28

ZNAČENJE PITKE VODE ZA DOBROBIT, ZDRAVLJE I PROIZVODNOSTŽIVOTINJA

ROLE OF DRINKING WATER ON ANIMAL WELFARE, HEALTH ANDPRODUCTIVITY

Alenka Tofant 1 , Sunčica Uhitil 2 , Nada Glumac3

1Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zavod za animalnu higijenu, okoliš i etolog iju, Heinzelova 55,10000 Zagreb

2Veterinarska stanica grada Zagreba, Laboratorij za kontrolu higijene hrane, Heinzelova 68, 10000 Zagreb3 Međimurske vode d.o.o., Laboratorij za pitke i otpadne vode ,Matice hrvatske 10, 40000 Čakovec

SAŽETAK

Voda za piće je presudni čimbenik u ostvarivanju dobrobiti stoke i peradi. Kao kompleksni pojam,koji uključuje fiziološke potrebe, fizičko zdravlje, produktivnost, reprodukciju i vladanje životinja, dobrobitse temelji na ostvarivanju i osiguravanju tzv. pet temeljnih sloboda životinja utemeljenih 1993. godine odUK Animal Welfare Council. Osiguravanjem dovoljnih količina zdravstveno ispravne vode za piće poštujuse dva od tih pet temeljnih sloboda: pravo na slobodu od žeđi i pravo na slobodu od bolesti.

Napajanje je sastavni dio hranidbe životinja i zbog toga voda količinom i kakvoćom mora zadovoljiti potrebe životinja.

Zahtjevi za potrebnom količinom vode za napajanje uvjetovani su vrstom i kategorijom životinja,starosti, fiziološkim stanjem, načinom prehrane, produktivnošću i okolišnim čimbenicima. Potrebe za vodom primarno se namiruju napajanjem, međutim u dnevnom unosu sudjeluje i voda sadržana u hrani kao i ona

nastala metaboličkim procesima u organizmu. Iz organizma životinja voda se gubi urinom, fecesom,disanjem i isparavanjem. Poželjno je da između unosa vode i njezina izlučivanja postoji ravnoteža.

Kakvoća vode ima značajnu ulogu u održavanju zdravlja i proizvodnosti životinja pa se stogazahtjevi, smjernice i normativi za organoleptička, fizikalno-kemijska i biološka svojstva s jedne straneodnose na njih, a s druge strane ima se u vidu zdravlje potrošača namirnica animalnog podrijetla.

Od fizikalnih parametara temperatura vode utječe na ukusnost i prihvatljivost vode. O alkalitetu i pHzavise prihvatljivost i zdravstveni učinak, a oni su u korelaciji s ukupno otopljenim tvarima ielektroprovodljivosti.

Od organoleptičkih parametara boja vode najčešće ne utječe na njezinu upotrebljivost za napajanje,međutim miris i okus mogu biti uzrokom smanjene prihvatljivosti kod nekih životinja. Najznačajniji kriterijza procjenu kvalitete je koncentracija suspendiranih i ukupno otopljenih krutina, jer vrsta iona određujeučinak vode na zdravlje životinja.

Kationi, kalcij i magnezij određuju tvrdoću vode dok natrij doprinosi slanom okusu i dehidratacijiorganizma. Anioni, karbonati i bikarbonati određuju pH i alkalitet, sulfati su odgovorni za laksativnasvojstva vode, a kloridi za slani okus. Nitrati, nitriti i amonij ukazuju na razgradnju organske tvari i imajuizrazito negativan zdravstveni učinak.

Bolesti, zdravstveni problemi kao i smanjena produktivnost, najčešće i najbrže uočljivi, uzrokovanisu vodom prenosivim mikrobima, bakterijama, virusima, parazitima i algama. S ciljem da se izbjegnu trebavodu kondicionirati i dezinficirati, ali imajući u vidu sve moguće nus pojave koje ti postupci moguuzrokovati.

Različite smjernice i preporuke propisuju maksimalno dopuštene koncentracije za sve parametre uvodi kao i prihvatljive maksimalne koncentracije za toksične spojeve za pojedine vrste životinja.

Ključne riječi: voda, količina, kakvoća, napajanje, životinje, dobrobit



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SUMMARY

Drinking water is a critical nutrient for achieving welfare of livestock and poultry. As a complexconcept which includes physiological needs, physical health, productivity, reproduction and behavior goodanimal welfare is based on standards known as the five freedoms defined by UK Farm Animal Welfarecouncil in 1993. By providing sufficient quantity of safe drinking water two of the above mentioned fivefreedoms are respected: freedom from thirst and freedom from disease. Watering is the component of nutrition so adequate and safe water is essential for the production of healthy animals.

A water quantity requirement for different types of livestock depends of their category, age, physiological condition, nutrition, productivity and environmental factors. Animals get most of water bydrinking, then by water intake from the feed and from metabolic water generated in biochemical processes.Water loss can occur with urine, feces, breathing and evaporating. It is desirable that the water balance, whenwater intake equals water excretion, is achieved.

Drinking water quality guidelines are aiming to define health and performance of animals but arealso developed for the protection of the consumer of animal products.

Water quality refers to the organoleptic, physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Color does

not affect water usability but odors and taste may affect palatability for some animals. Among the physicalcriteria water temperature affects palatability, pH and alkalinity affects acceptability and health and they arein correlation with total dissolved solids and electro conductivity. TDS is the total of all dissolved andsuspended components and is the best single criteria of water quality for livestock. The type of ions in thewater determines the effect the water will have on animals drinking it.

Cations such as calcium and magnesium cause hardness and high sodium concentration can lower water palatability and contribute to organism dehydration. Anions such as carbonate and bicarbonatedetermine the pH and alkalinity of water; high sulfate water can cause diarrhea and also a salty taste. Nitrates, nitrites and ammonia in water indicate manure or organic matter contamination and decompositionand have negative effect on animal health.

Water-borne microbes, bacteria, viruses, parasites and algae cause negative health impacts, variousillnesses and reduce animal productivity. The microbiological problems are the most common and are

detected quickly. In order to achieve safe drinking water which is free of microbiological contamination itshould be treated and disinfected in a way that all possible side effects and by-products are excluded.

The water quality guidelines prescribe the maximum limit and acceptable concentrations of allnutrients and substances that are potentially toxic to common types of livestock.

Key words: water, quantity, quality, watering, livestock, welfare

______________________________ 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb, Department of Animal Hygiene, Environment and Ethology, Heinzelova 55,10000 Zagreb, Croatia2 Veterinary Station of the City of Zagreb, Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Heinzelova 68, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia3

Međimurske vode d.o.o., Laboratory for Drinking and Waste Waters, Matice hrvatske 10, 40000 Čakovec, Croatia



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OCHRATOXIN A I ZEARALENON: KONTAMINACIJA ŽITARICA IKRMIVA U HRVATSKOJ (1977. - 2007.) I UTJECAJ NA ZDRAVLJE

ŽIVOTINJA I LJUDI

OCHRATOXIN A AND ZEARALENON: FOOD AND FEEDCONTAMINATION IN CROATIA (1977 - 2007) AND INFLUENCE ON

ANIMAL AND HUMAN HEALTH

Stjepan Pepeljnjak, Zdenka Cvetnić, Maja Šegvić Klarić

Zavod za mikrobiologiju, Farmaceutsko-biokemijski fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Schrottova 39, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska

SAŽETAK

Mikotoksini kao sekundrani metaboliti plijesni usko su povezani sa distribucijom plijesni, njihovim vrstama itoksinogenim sojevima, mikroklimom, načinom sabiranja i skladištenja usijeva. Naša istraživanja u proteklih30 godina pokazuju da Fusarium i Penicillium vrste podjednako (40-60%) dominiraju u usjevima zbog čegasu žitarice i krmiva često kontaminirani okratoksinom A (OTA) i zearalenonom (ZEA). OTA je nefrotoksin s potencijalnim karcinogenim djelovanjem u ljudi, koji se dovodi u vezu s razvojem endemske nefropatije(EN). ZEA je mikotoksin s uterotropnim, estrogenim i anaboličkim djelovanjem u domaćih životinja s potencijalnim negativnim učinkom na ravnotežu spolnih hormona u ljudi. Tijekom 30-godišnjih istraživanja

OTA i ZEA su u prosjeku dokazani u 20%, odnosno u 30% uzoraka. Znatno veće koncentracije ovihmikotoksina nađene su tijekom izuzetno vlažne 1978. (68900 g OTA/kg i 275800 g ZEA/kg) i 1980.(4700 g OTA/kg), za vrijeme domovinskog rata (3200 g OTA/kg i 19900 g ZEA/kg) te u izrazitohladnoj (temperaturni stres) i vlažnoj 2004. (29430 g ZEA/kg). Tijekom ostalih godina koncentracije ovihmikotoksina kreću se od 0,26 do 220 g/kg (OTA) te od 0,39 do 3000 g/kg (ZEA). U posljednje vrijemesve se više pridaje važnosti ko-kontaminciji usjeva mikotoksinima zbog njihovog mogućeg sinergističkogučinka. Tako je posljednjih godina dokazana ko-kontaminacija kukuruza i drugih žitarica sa OTA i ZEA u37% odnosno 13,5% uzoraka. Međutim, zadnjih godina utvrđene koncentracije su niže u odnosu na prethodna razdoblja što se može pripisati relativno sušnom razdoblju. Iako je zbog toga smanjen rizik trovanja to ne isključuje sustavni unos subtoksičnih koncentracija mikotoksina u organizam te njihov mogućitoksinopatogeni sinergizam koji se negativno odražava na enzimatske i imunološke funkcije u ljudi iživotinja.

______________________________ Autor za korespodenciju: Maja Šegvić Klarić

Tel: 6394 493; Fax: 6394 494; E-mail: [email protected]



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IZLOŽENOST OPĆE POPULACIJE U HRVATSKOJ OKRATOKSINU A

THE EXPOSURE OF GENERAL POPULATION IN CROATIA TOOCHRATOXIN A

M. Peraica1 , A.-M. Domijan1 , D. Flajs1 , D. Ivić2 , B. Cvjetković2

1 Unit of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000 Zagreb2 Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Zagreb,

Svetošimunska 24, 10000 Zagreb

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is nephrotoxic product of moulds that contaminate various commodities. It issupposed to be the etiological factor in endemic nephropathy, a kidney disease known in western part of Brodsko-posavska county. Most of the previous studies on mycotoxins in our country were focused on OTAin endemic region, but due to the fact that combinations of mycotoxins are frequently found in food and feed,the other mycotoxins are recently included in such investigations.

The exposure of general population in Croatia to ochratoxin A (OTA) was checked in several studies by measuring its concentration either in food commodities or in human blood. The concentration of OTA infood and the frequency of OTA-positive samples show high variability from year to year according to themeteorological conditions. Regional variability in OTA contamination of cereals, wine and beans is alsosignificant. However, while higher OTA concentrations and higher number of OTA-positive samples of cereals and beans are found in the northern part of Croatia, wine from the southern part of Croatia containshigher OTA concentrations. These differences are due to the distribution of different moulds producers of

OTA that specifically contaminate various commodities. However, large-scale study performed on sera fromfive Croatian cities collected four times in a year showed the higher mean OTA concentration duringsummer period. The most exposed are citizens of Osijek, because there was no OTA-free sample collected inthis town, and the frequency of samples containing the highest OTA concentration was significantly higher than in other cities. Our result on food contamination with OTA, as well as occasional finding of very highOTA concentration in human sera indicate that preventive measures against the production of OTA, as wellas strict control of food are needed.



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ZNAČAJ NEFROTOKSIČNOSTI OKRATOKSINA A (OTA) KOD PRASADII BALKANSKA ENDEMSKA NEFROPATIJA

IMPLICATION OF OCHRATOXIN A (OTA) IN PIG NEPHROTOXICITYAND BALKAN ENDEMIC NEPHROPATHY

Annie Pfohl-Leszkowicz

LGC/UMR CNRS/INPT 5503, Department BioSyM, ENSA Toulouse, 1 avenue agrobiopole, 31326 Auzeville-Tolosane, France e-mail: [email protected] phone/fax + 33 562193947

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi in cool temperate ( Penicillium spp. including P.

verrucosum, P. aurantiogriseum, P. citrinum & P. expansum) and tropical latitudes ( Aspergillus spp. such asA. ochraceus, carbonarius, niger ). OTA is a ubiquitous contaminant of improperly stored food products withthe highest levels being found in cereals, although it can be found in other products such as coffee, cocoa,grape fruits, beans, nuts, dry fruit, and meat. OTA is very toxic to numerous animal species with the kidney being the main target organ. The toxin causes a fatal nephropathy in pigs that is characterized by kidneylesions in the epithelial cells of the proximal tubules. In humans OTA is suspected of being the mainetiological agent responsible for Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) and its associated urinary tract tumors(UTT); diseases which affect populations of some restricted areas of the Balkans where high levels of OTAare found in food. Toxicological investigations on cases of porcine nephropathy have shown strikingsimilarities between the described OTA-induced porcine nephropathy in pigs and BEN in humans. To dateOTA is one of the most potent renal carcinogens in rats studied by the National Cancer Institute/NationalToxicological Program (NCI/NTP). The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified

OTA as a possible human carcinogen (group 2B) based on sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity in animalstudies and inadequate evidence in humans. Currently the mode of carcinogenic action by OTA is unknown.However, OTA is genotoxic following oxidative metabolism by certain cytochrome P450 or peroxidaseenzymes. This activity is thought to play a central role in OTA-mediated carcinogenesis and may be dividedinto direct (covalent DNA adduction) and indirect (oxidative DNA damage) mechanisms of action. Anindirect mechanism is supported by: OTA-dependent lipid peroxidation and free radical formation inmammalian cells; decreased levels of vitamin E in plasma of rats; depletion of glutathione (GSH) in liver of mice; oxidative DNA damage in vitro; and oxidative DNA damage in rodents. Evidence for a direct mode of genotoxicity has been derived from the sensitive 32P-postlabelling assay. OTA facilitates guanine-specificDNA adducts in vitro and oral dosing of rat or pig with OTA generates several lesions, one of whichcomigrates with a synthetic carbon (C )-bonded C8-dG OTA adduct standard. The hydroquinone metaboliteof OTA, OTHQ, reacts covalently with DNA by an autoxidative process (in the absence of metabolism) toyield covalent DNA adducts that are also generated by the parent OTA following in vitro activation with pigkidney microsomes or in human kidney cells.To ascertain, the implication of these toxins in BEN disease, we follow up during one month several familiesin Bulgaria and in Serbia. Food samples were collected daily; blood and urine at the beginning of each week.Average weekly intake of OTA varies from 1.9 to 206 ng /kg body weight; twice tolerable weakly intakerecommended by JECFA. OTA blood concentrations are in the same range as previously reported in this regionwith concentrations reaching 10µg/L. Biomarkers of biological effects such as DNA adducts were detected in patients from Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria and France affected by urinary tract tumors. Comparison with specificOTA-DNA adduct induced in cell culture allow us to demonstrate that OTA is genotoxic after biotransformationinto quinone derivatives. CIT enhanced OTA genotoxicity. All these plead for implication of OTA, in BEN andUTT.



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Acknowledgments:

Pr Pfohl-Leszkowicz thanks her collaborators: Virginie Faucet-Marquis, Mariana Tozlovanu, Anne Molinié (UMR CNRS 5503); Pr PlantePierre (Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France) and Pr Pourrat Jacques (Purpan Hospital, Toulouse, France); the team of Pr Peraica Maja(Croatia); the team of Pr Richard Manderville; the team of Pr Stefanovic Vladisav; Pr Mantle Peter (London); Dr Castegnaro Marcel (IARC,Lyon); Pr Schmeiser Heinz (Germany), Dr Arlt Volker (London), Dr Joelle Nortier (Brussels) for their input at various stages of the projects.We thank also ARC; AUF, “Ligue Nationale Française contre le cancer” for financial supports for Marianna Tozlovanu; EU for the project‘OTA risk assessment’; the ‘région Midi-Pyrénées for supporting the program on ‘Food Safety’; and, the Concerted Action “Pavle Savic”France-Serbia.

Bibliography:

Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A, Petkova-Bocharova, T., Chernozemsky, I.N & Castegnaro, M. (2002) Balkan endemic nephropathy and theassociated urinary tract tumours: review on etiological causes, potential role of mycotoxins, Food Additive and Contaminants 19(3), 282-302

Petkova-Bocharova, T, El Adlouni, C., Faucet, V., Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A. & Mantle, P. (2003) Analysis for DNA adducts, ochratoxinA content and enzymes expression in kidneys of pigs exposed to mild experimental chronic ochratoxicosis. Facta universitatis,series: medicine & Biology, 10 (3) 111-115

Faucet, V., Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A., Dai, J., Castegnaro, M. & Manderville, R. (2004) Evidence for Covalent DNA Adduction byOchratoxin A Following Chronic Exposure to Rat and Subacute Exposure to Pig. Chem. Res in Toxicology, 17, 1289-1296

Molinié A., Faucet V., Castegnaro, M. & Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A. (2005) Analysis of some breakfast cereals collected on the Frenchmarket for their content in ochratoxin A, citrinin and fumonisin B1. Development of a new method for simultaneous extraction of ochratoxin A and citrinin. Food Chemistry 92, 391-400

Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A & Castegnaro, M (2005). Further arguments in favour of direct covalent binding of Ochratoxin A (OTA) after metabolic biotransformation. Food Additives & Contaminants Supplément 1, 75-87

Castegnaro M., Tozlovanu M., Wild C., Molinié, A., Sylla, A., Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A. (2006) Advantages and drawbacks of immunoaffinity columns in analysis of mycotoxins in food. Molecular Nutrition Food Research, 50,480-481

Faucet-Marquis V., Pont F., Størmer F., Rizk T., Castegnaro M. & Pfohl-Leszkowicz A (2006) Evidence of a new dechlorinatedOTA derivative formed in opossum kidney cell cultures after pre-treatment by modulators of glutathione pathways. Correlationwith DNA adducts formation. Molecular Nutrition Food Research, 50, 531-54

Castegnaro M., Canadas D., Vrabcheva T., Petkova-Bocharova T., Chernozemsky, IN, Pfohl-Leszkowicz A. (2006). Balkan endemicnephropathy: role of ochratoxin A through biomarkers. Molecular Nutrition Food Research, 50, 519-529

Tozlovanu M, Faucet-Marquis V, Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Manderville Richard A. (2006) Genotoxicity of the Hydroquinone Metaboliteof Ochratoxin A: Structure-Activity Relationships for Covalent DNA Adduction. Chem Res Toxicology, 19, 1241-1247

Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Manderville R. (2007) Review on Ochratoxin A: an overview on toxicity and carcinogenicity in animals andhumans. Mol Nutr Food Res. 51, 61-99Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Tozlovanu M, Manderville R, Peraica M, Castegnaro M & Stefanovic V (2007) New molecular and field

evidences for the implication of mycotoxins but not aristolochic acid in Human Nephropathy and Urinary tract tumor. Molecular Nutrition Food Research 51, 131-1146

Frenette, C., Paugh, R., Tozlovanu, M., Juzio, M., Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A., Manderville, R. (2008) Structure-activity relationships for the fluorescence of ochratoxin A: Insight for detection of ochratoxin A metabolites. Analytical Chimica Acta (sous presse)

Pfohl-Leszkowicz A (2008) Formation, persistence & significance of DNA adduct formation in relation to some pollutants from a board perspective. Advance in toxicology, 2, 183-240



34

MOLEKULARNE INTERAKCIJE IZMEĐU MIKOTOKSINA I LIJEKOVAKOJI SE METABOLIZIRAJU U JETRI GLODAVACA I FARMSKIH

ŽIVOTINJA

MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MYCOTOXINS AND LIVER DRUG METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN RODENTS AND FARM ANIMALS

Pierre Galtier*, Guylaine Meissonnier, Joëlle Laffitte, Isabelle P. Oswald and Nicolas Loiseau

Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie UR66 INRA, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31931 Toulouse, France.

ABSTRACT

Mycotoxins are well known to undergo liver biotransformations in humans and animal species. Metabolitescorrespond to either oxydative derivatives such as hydroxymetabolites of aflatoxin B1 or ochratoxin A or hydrolytic derivatives in case of trichothecenes. In some cases, highly reactive epoxides represent the firststep in the formation of carcinogenic intermediates like exo-epoxides of aflatoxins. Hepatic phase II enzymesincluding transferases and hydrolases are involved in the conjugation of such oxidative metabolites. In thisrespect, they are generally considered as detoxifying enzymes: glucuronidation of deacetylatedtrichothecenes or hydroxy-aflatoxins, or glutathione conjugation of epoxides. The major metabolism of zearalenone consists of reduction leading to estrogenic zearalenols which is characterized by largeinterspecies differences. Concerning fumonisin B1, this toxin would be poorly absorbed from thegastrointestinal tract and metabolised into hydrolytic products with lower toxic effect as apoptoticcompounds.Interactions between mycotoxins and liver drug metabolizing are crucial in terms of detoxication or bioactivation of these toxins in the organism of the human or animal consumers. The most of theseinteractions are consequences of the metabolic processes occurring in the liver. They result generally fromthe activity of cytochromes P450 and transferases. In relation to their hepatotoxicity, several studiesdemonstrate the inhibitory effects of mycotoxins on certain hepatic biotransformation enzymes, as recentlydemonstrated in pigs exposed to low doses of aflatoxin B1 or T-2 toxin. In other cases, specific cytochromesP450 or glutathione transferases are significantly increased in terms of both activity and protein expression,namely by aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol or fumonisins. Such results have been obtained in rodents and in farmanimals like pigs, rabbit or poultry. These data strengthen the hypothesis that the normal metabolism of endobiotes or xenobiotics by the liver could be altered during chronic exposure to mycotoxins, particularly infarm animals or in humans exposed to aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol or fumonisin

B1.

______________________________ * Corresponding author: Pierre Galtier Phone number: 33(0)5 61 28 51 46 / 33(0)5 61 85 98 85Fax number: 33(0)5 61 28 53 10

e-mail: [email protected]



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MIKOTOKSINI I ZDRAVLJE ŽIVOTINJA: OD OKSIDATIVNOG STRESADO EKSPRESIJE GENA

MYCOTOXINS AND ANIMAL HEALTH: FROM OXIDATIVE STRESS TOGENE EXPRESSION

1-4 Peter F. Surai and 3 Miklos Mezes

1Scottish Agricultural College, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; 2Univesity of Glasgow, UK; 3Szent IstvánUniversity, Gödöllő, Hungary and 4Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

Problem of mycotoxins contamination of the feed and food is a global one. There are several

unresolved questions in this regard. Firstly, more than 25% of world grain production is contaminated bymycotoxins. In particular, Fusarium mycotoxins (so called field mycotoxins) contaminate up to 100% of thegrain. Since these mycotoxins are coming from the field it is difficult to deal with them and varioustechnological approaches including plant selection for mycotoxins resistance did not produce any significantresults. Secondly, in nature there are more than 300 mycotoxins, but analytical techniques for routinemycotoxins analysis are developed only for about 30 major mycotoxins. Therefore, if there is a conclusionfrom the analytical lab that “the mycotoxins are not found” this means that 10-30 mycotoxins analyzed werenot found. As for others, there is no answer. Thirdly, sampling for mycotoxins analysis is extremely difficultand is an important source of errors. Fourthly, there are no safe levels of mycotoxins, because of synergisticinteractions of many mycotoxins: several mycotoxins in low concentrations could cause more problems thana single mycotoxin at higher dose.

A delicate balance between antioxidants and pro-oxidants in the body in general and specifically in

the cell is responsible for regulation of various metabolic pathways leading to maintenance of immunocompetence, growth and development and protection against stress conditions associated withcommercial poultry production. This balance can be regulated by dietary antioxidants, including vitamin E,carotenoids and selenium. On the other hand, nutritional stress factors have a negative impact on thisantioxidant/pro-oxidant balance. Indeed, recent results show that in many cases membrane-active propertiesof various mycotoxins determine their toxicity. In fact, incorporation of mycotoxins into membranestructures causes various detrimental changes. These changes are associated with alteration of fatty acidcomposition of the membrane structures and with peroxidation of long chain PUFAs inside membranes. Thisultimately damages membrane receptors, causing alterations in second messenger systems; then toinactivation of a range of membrane-binding enzymes responsible for regulation of important pathways.Finally, this causes alterations in membrane permeability, flexibility and other important characteristicsdetermining membrane function. Detrimental effects of mycotoxins on DNA, RNA and protein synthesistogether with pro-apoptotic action further compromise important metabolic pathways. Consequently,changes in physiological functions including growth, development and reproduction occur.

It has been shown that T-2 toxin, aflatoxins, DON, fumonisins, zearalenon and other mycotoxinsincreased lipid peroxidation, cause apoptosis and are involved in gene expression regulation. In particular,genes involved in oxidative stress, apoptosis and immunity are affected by mycotoxins. Therefore practicalapproached to deal with mycotoxins include usage of effective absorbents and their combination withincreased doses of natural antioxidants. In particular a combination of yeast wall derived mycotoxins binder Mycosorb with organic Se in the form of Sel-Plex is shown to be an effective means to deal with variety of mycotoxins.



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MIKOTOKSINI – SKRIVENA OPASNOST U HRANIDBI ŽIVOTINJA

MYCOTOXINS – THE HIDDEN HAZARDS IN ANIMAL NUTRITION

DI Ursula Hofstetter

Biomin, Herzogenburg, Austria

Mycotoxins are toxic, secondary metabolic products of moulds. Despite different approaches to controlfungal growth and subsequent mycotoxin contamination of grain these undesired compounds are formedunder certain environmental conditions on the growing field plant (worldwide most important field fungi are Fusarium sp. and Alternaria sp.) as well as during storage (mainly by Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp.).Once produced it is very difficult to get rid of mycotoxins or even to reduce the contamination level as these

toxins possess high physical and chemical stability. Mycotoxins can cause a wide variety of negative impactson animal health, depending among various other factors on their nature and concentration. Especiallychronic mycotoxicoses leading to unspecific symptoms often entail serious economic losses in animal production.

Up to now, hundreds of different mycotoxins are known, but agriculturally most important are aflatoxins,trichothecenes (e.g. DON, NIV, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, DAS), zearalenone, ochratoxins A and fumonisins.Due to their structural, physical and chemical differences there is still no single approach to counteract all of them. Successful measures with regard to mycotoxin-deactivation have to be based on mainly two differentstrategies: elimination of toxin (adsorption) and elimination of toxicity (biological detoxification). Until nowa lot of research has been conducted to adsorb mycotoxins during the digestive process of animals with products (mainly on aluminosilicate basis) directly mixed into feed. While good and scientifically explainedresults were obtained for counteracting aflatoxins (Ramos and Hernandez, 1996; Scott et al., 1998),adsorption of other mycotoxins was limited (e.g. ZON) or even failed (e.g. trichothecenes) under fieldconditions (Friend et al ., 1984; Kubena et al ., 1990; Huff et al ., 1991; Kubena et al ., 1993; Ramos et al.,1996). Biological detoxification of mycotoxins by means of micro-organisms and/or enzymes has beensubject of research for more than 30 years (Binder et al., 2000; Kollarczik et al., 1994; He at al., 1992;Yoshizawa et al., 1983 and 1984). By far the most investigated mycotoxins are members of the trichothecenefamily. Now it is known that their 12,13-epoxide ring is mainly responsible for their toxic activity andremoval of this epoxide group entails a significant loss of toxicity. The 12,13 epoxide ring of trichothecenesis able react with DNA and consequently impairs protein biosynthesis in animals. As soon as the reactiveepoxide ring is removed by specific enzymes, non-toxic metabolites are obtained that can no longer interferewith protein biosynthesis. Toxicity of zearalenone is based on its similarity to the female hormone estrogen.

Hydrolysis of the toxin’s ester group (i.e. opening of the lacton ring) by means of specific enzymes changesthe mycotoxin’s structure resulting in non-toxic and therefore harmless metabolites.Thus, enzymatic biotransformation to metabolites without pathogenic activity is the only way to avoid thenegative effects of mycotoxins on animals. Summarizing it can be said that only the use of feed additivescombining different strategies - adsorption and biotransformation – will finally lead to success.



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Reference

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Friend, D.W., Trenholm, H.L, Young, J.C., Thompson, B.K., and Hartin, K.E., 1984, Effect of adding potential vomitoxin(deoxynivalenol) detoxicants of a F. graminearum inoculated corn supplement to wheat diets fed to pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 64: 733-741.

Huff, W.E, Kubena, L.F., Harvey, R.B., and Phillips, T.D., 1992, Efficacy of Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate toReduce the Individual and Combined Toxicity of Aflatoxin and Ochratoxin A. Poultry Science 71: 64-69.

He, P., Young, L.G., nd Forsberg, C., 1992, Microbial Transformation of Deoxynivalenol (Vomitoxin), Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 58, No. 12; p. 3857-3863.

Kollarczik, B., Gareis, M., Hanelt M. 1994. In Vitro Transformation of the Fusarium Mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol andZearalenone by the Normal Gut Microflora of Pigs. Natural Toxins 2: 105-110.

Kubena, L.F., Harvey, R.B., Huff, W.E., Corrier, D.E., Phillips, T.D., and Rottinghaus, G.E., 1990, Efficacy of a HydratedSodium Calcium Aluminosilicate to Reduce the Toxicity of Aflatoxin and T-2 Toxin. Poultry Science 69: 1078-1086.

Kubena, L.F., Harvey, R.B., Huff, W.E., Elissalde, A.G., Yersin, A.G, Phillips, T.D., and Rottinghaus, G.E., 1993, Efficacyof a Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate to Reduce the Toxicity of Aflatoxin and Diacetoxyscirpenol. PoultryScience 72: 51-59.

Ramos, A.J, and Herandez, E., 1996, Prevention of aflatoxicosis in farm animals by means of hydrated sodium calciumaluminosilicate addition to feedstuffs: a review. Animal Feed Science Technology 65: 197-206.

Scott, P.M., 1998, Industrial and farm detoxification processes for mycotoxins. Revue Médicine Véterinaire, 149 (6), pp543-548.

Yoshizawa, T., Takeda, H., and Oli, T., 1983, Structure of a Novel Metabolite from Deoxynivalenol, a TrichotheceneMycotoxin, in Animals. Agrigultural Biological Chemistry 47 (9), pp. 2133-2135.

Yoshizawa, T., Yamashita, A., and Luo, Y., 1994, Fumonisin Occurrence in Corn from High- and Low-Risk Areas for Human Esophageal Cancer in China. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60 (5), pp 1626-1629.



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ISKORIŠTENJE PUNOG POTENCIJALA NATUPHOS® FITAZE KODNEPREŽIVAČA

USING THE FULL POTENTIAL OF NATUPHOS® PHYTASE INMONOGASTRIC ANIMALS

U. Eidelsburger 1 and D. Feuerstein2

ABSTRACT

The development of Natuphos® as a feed additive was driven by environmental problems in regions withintensive animal production. Such high density of livestock caused problems due to overloading of the soil

with phosphorus via the manure. The improvement in digestibility of plant phosphorus by Natuphos phytase,at a dosage of 500 FTU/kg compound feed, resulted in a reduction of inorganic phosphorus addition to thediet by 0.8 g digestible phosphorus/kg. Overall, supplementation of pig and poultry diets with 500 FTU Natuphos/kg resulted on average in a substantial reduction of phosphorus excretion to the environment of 30%.

The use of Natuphos at dosages of 500 FTU/kg of feed for pigs and poultry (equals to 100 g Natuphos 5000G/ton of feed) has become a standard measure in the feed industry (exception layer feed with 300 FTU/kg).Under those conditions 100 g Natuphos 5000 G replaces the phosphorus supplementation of 4.4 kg MCP or 6.4 kg DCP.

Numerous scientific studies have shown that beyond the standard dosages used in the feed industry (500

FTU/kg), Natuphos offers an additional effect with regard to the release of phytate-bound nutrients in pigsand poultry. Furthermore there is also a clear evidence for an additional benefit by using higher dosages of Natuphos of up to 1,000 FTU/kg, providing additional phosphorus release and resulting in a further optimized situation for reducing environmental pollution of phosphorus and saving cost of feed at highsustainable high production.

Keywords: phytase, Natuphos, phosphorus release, matrix values, pigs, poultry.

______________________________ 1 Dr. habil. Ulrich Eidelsburger, Head of Sales Europe Animal Nutrition, BASF ChemTrade GmbH, D-91593 Burgbernheim,Germany2 Dr. Dieter Feuerstein, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany



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PROBIOTICI PRUŽAJU NOVE MOGUĆNOSTI ZA POBOLJŠANJEZDRAVLJA I PROIZVODNOSTI KRMAČA I PRASADI

PROBIOTICS PROVIDE NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVINGHEALTH AND PERFORMANCE IN SOWS AND PIGLETS

Dr. Gesa Meyer

Lohmann Animal Health, Cuxhaven – Germany

Probiotics as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters

The ban of the use of antibiotic growth promoters in animal feed within the European Union led to astill ongoing search for possible alternatives. Several feed additives are claimed to have positive effects onhealth and performance of animals, probiotics playing an important role among them. A variety of animaltrials so far could show that probiotics improve the intestinal microbial balance, which results in improvednutrient uptake, reduced diarrhoea problems, an improved general health status and, finally, in improved performance parameters as well. The 26 microbial preparations currently authorised as feed additives withinthe EU include yeast products (e.g. Saccharomyces cerevisiae ssp.), spore forming bacteria ( Bacillus ssp.)and vegetative cells of lactic acid bacteria (e.g. Enterococcus faecium). These different classes of probiotic products all display different modes of action, of which many details are still unknown.

Bacillus cereus var. toyoi

In comparison to all other probiotic products those containing Bacillus cereus spores possess theadvantage of particularly high stability features against environmental stresses. Their natural coating provides resistance against high pelleting temperatures and during long storage periods (Simon, 2007). Bacillus cereus spores easily survive acid conditions in premixes, total feeds or in the animal`s stomach, too.Once having reached the animal`s intestine, the spores of Bacillus cereus var. toyoi germinate quickly(Jadamus, 2001). They equally distribute throughout the intestinal tract, where they were shown to alter themicrobial composition (Taras, 2007), to increase the length of intestinal villi (Görke, 2000), to enhance theuptake of selected nutrients like glucose and peptides (Breves, 2000), and to stimulate the immune system(Scharek, 2007; Schierack, 2007).

Impact of Bacillus cereus var. toyoi on the intestinal microflora of piglets

At weaning enormous changes in the piglets` living conditions may lead to alterations in theintestinal microflora. Potentially pathogenic bacteria like e. g. E. coli benefit from these changes, oftenresulting in post-weaning diarrhoea problems as main causes for morbidity and mortality during this period(Pluske et al., 1997 and 2003).Probiotic influences on the intestinal microflora are considered to diminish potentially pathogenic bacteriawhile promoting the beneficial microflora. As an adaptation period is required for the probiotic strain toestablish its influence on the intestinal microflora, piglets should get in contact with the probiotic as early as possible.



40

New approval for B. cereus var. toyoi for gestating sows

The supplementation of sow`s feed with the probiotic ensures an early uptake by the piglets. B. toyoican already be found in the piglets’ digestive tract within a few days after birth, presumably due to theuptake of small amounts of faeces from the sows (Taras, 2005). Applying probiotics in sow`s feed alsokeeps the infection pressure in the environment at a minimum, reducing the risk of digestion and diarrhoea problems for both sows and piglets. As a result, more piglets are born and weaned while the sows showstable health conditions and loose less weight during lactation (Jadamus, 2001; Taras, 2005). The earlier the probiotic supplementation is started, the better the results that can be achieved. Currently, Bacillus cereusvar. toyoi is the only probiotic product containing Bacillus spores that is approved for the application insows` feed for the whole period from service to weaning.

______________________________ Please contact the authors for receiving the reference list.



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ANALIZA STOČNE HRANE, KRMIVA I BIO-ETANOLA POMOĆUINSTRUMENTA DIODE ARRAY 7200, FIRME PERTEN INSTRUMENTS

ANALYSES OF FEED, FORAGE AND BIO-ETHANOL USING DIODEARRAY 7200 FROM PERTEN INSTRUMENTS

Goran Stjernberg

Perten Instruments

NIR tehnika koristi se u analizama žitarica, brašna i proizvodnji stočne hrane od početka 1980godine. Diode Array tehnika predstavljena je sredinom 90-tih i najnovija je NIR tehnologija na tržištu.

Perten Instruments je predstavio diode array instrument prije 1995. Prednost u radu s instrumentom

je otvoreni system za analizu uzorka i minimalna pripema uzorka prije analize što omogućuje analizuzahtjevnih uzoraka kao što su gotova hrana, krmne smjese i fermentacijska biomasa.Korištenjem DA tehnologije, analiza složenih smjesa, nehomogenih uzoraka te različitih stadija u

proizvodinji bio-etanola je moguća korisštenjem istog načina analize uzorka.U prezentaciji će biti prikazana jednostavnost rada sa DA 7200 instrumentom u analizi stočne hrane,

krmiva I stadija u proizvodnji bio-etanola, te će biti predstavljeni parametri koje je moguće analizirati u ovimuzorcima.

DA 7200 je NIR instrument koji analizira uzorak u cijelom spektru, a napredna tehnika koju koristi uradu omogućuje istovremenu analizu više parametara u vremenu od samo 6 sekundi bez pripreme uzorka.

Near Infrared Reflectance analyses have been used in the grain, flour and feed industry since the beginning of the 1980-es. The Diode Array technique was introduced in the mid 90-es and is the newest NIR technology in the market.

Perten Instruments introduced diode array instruments as early as 1995. The advantage with theinstrument is the open sample presentation system and limited need of sample preparation making it possibleto analyse “difficult” samples like finished feeds, forage and fermentation broth.

Using the DA technology, anlyses of complex feeds, inhomogeneous forage samples and differentstages in the bio-ethanol production including the fermentation broth is now possible using the same sample presentation system.

This presentation will show the simplicity in working with DA 7200 on different feed products,forage and at all the stages in the bio-ethanol industry.Presented will also be ranges of products analysed on the DA within feed, forage and the Bio-Ethanolindustry as well as their parameters.

The DA 7200 is a full-spectrum, NIR instrument designed for use in the grain, flour food and feedindustries. Using novel diode array technology it performs a multi-component analysis in only 6 secondswith no sample preparation required.



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POVEZANOST KANDIDATNIH GENA S KLAONIČKIM SVOJSTVIMASVINJA

INTERACTION BETWEEN CANDIDATE GENES AND SLAUGHTER TRAITS IN PIGS

Polonca Frajman, V. Margeta, Gordana Kralik

SAŽETAK

Brzi razvoj tehnika za istraživanje DNA zadnjih desetljeća omogućio je identifikaciju gena koji su temeljgenetske raznolikosti produktivnih svojstava uočenih kod domaćih životinja. Identifikacija ovih gena može

povećati uspješnosti selekcije temeljene na genskim markerima i dovesti do točnijeg razumijevanjafiziologije odgovarajućih svojstava. Većina proizvodnih svojstava svinja su određena većim brojem gena i prvi korak u određivanju njihove genske osnove je istraživanje tzv. kandidatnih gena i njihov učinak naodređena svojstva.Proizvodna i klaonička svojstva kod svinja imaju veliki značaj u uzgoju i selekciji. Kao i mnoga drugaekonomski važna svojstva domaćih životinja, i ova svojstva su određena neutvrđenim brojem gena uinterakciji s okolišnim čimbenicima. Intenzivna selekcija svinja na visoku mesnatost za posljedicu je imalanarušavanje proizvodnih, kao i svojstava kakvoće mišićnog tkiva kod nekih pasmina. Sadržajintramuskularne masti, profil masnih kiselina, pH-vrijednost, boja mesa, električna provodljivost isposobnost vezanja vode svojstva su koja u znatnoj mjeri određuju kakvoću mišićnog tkiva svinja. Većinaovih svojstava genetski je uvjetovana, tako da je selekcijom moguće utjecati na njihovo poboljšanje.Proučavanje kandidatnih gena, povezano s fenotipskim učinkom, je značajno oruđe za određivanje gena koji

će se koristiti u selekciji.U ovom radu dan je pregled nekih kandidatnih gena za koje je utvrđeno da imaju značajan upliv na klaoničkasvojstva svinja, kao što su kompleks gena za hormon rasta PPAR γ, leptin, hipofizno-specifičnitranskripcijski faktor, melanokortinski receptor i miogenin.

Ključ ne riječ i: svinje, kandidatni geni, klaonička svojstva



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SUMMARY

Rapid development of recombinant DNA techniques in the last few decades enabled identification of genesthat underlie genetic variation of production traits observed in livestock species. Identification of these genesis expected to allow more efficient selection with employment of genetic markers and to yield more accurateinsight in to the physiology of the corresponding traits. Majority of production traits are polygenic and a firsstep in the determination of their genetic background is in searching for so called candidate genes with animpact on a defined trait.Production traits in pigs, like growth and carcass characteristics, are playing an important role in pig breeding and selection. Like many other economically important traits in farm animals they are determined by an unknown number of genes together with environmental factors. Meat quality assessment is based onmeasuring some phenotypic traits like intramuscular fat content, pH-value, electric conductivity, drip lossand color. The study of candidate genes, in connection with phenotypic effects, is an important tool toidentify genes to be used in marker-assisted selection programs.This work is a rewiew of some candidate genes for which has been established that they have an importantimpact on carcass traits in pigs, like for example growth hormone gene complex, PPAR γ, leptin, pituitary-

specific transcription factor, melanocortin receptor and myogenin.

Key words: pigs, candidate genes, carcass traits

______________________________ Dr.sc. Polonca Frajman, mr.sc. Vladimir Margeta i prof.dr.sc.dr.h.c. Gordana Kralik - Poljoprivredni fakultet u Osijeku, Zavod za

specijalnu zootehniku, Trg sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Hrvatska



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SUZBIJANJE MUHA I PREVENCIJA DIZENTERIJE NA SVINJOGOJSKIMFARMAMA KEMIJSKIM TRETIRANJEM GNOJEVKE

CONTROL OF STABLE FLIES AND PREVENTION OF DYSENTERY INPIG FATTENING UNITS BY CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF THE

RESIDUAL SLURRY UNDER SLATTED FLOORS

Dr. Hans-Jürgen Klasse

AlzChem Trostberg GmbH, Dr.-Albert-Frank-Str. 32, 83308 Trostberg, Germany E-Mail: [email protected]

SUMMARY

An accurate hygiene management is essential for the pig industry. Cleaning and disinfection of all surfaces inthe piggery has become a matter of course. However, the residual slurry under the slatted floor is still asource of pathogens, parasites and flies.

Treatment of the residual slurry with 3 litres of Alzogur (a.i. Hydrogen Cyanamide) per cubic metre has proved to control Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the causal organism for pig dysentery. Flies can be stoppedfrom emerging with 0.5 litres of Alzogur per cubic metre. This reduction in fly numbers helps prevent the pathogens reaching the animals. In addition Alzogur reduces the formation of noxious gases such asHydrogen Sulphide and Mercaptan by about 99 %.

The effect of Alzogur is sustaining as the decomposition of the active ingredient in the slurry is less than30% per month. Decrease of concentration is mainly caused by dilution through additional fresh slurry.Slurry treatment with Alzogur is not a substitute but a complement for other hygiene measures.



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ZAJEDNIČKI UČINAK BUTIRATA I EKSTRAKTA Yucca Schidigeri NAGASTRIOINTESTINALNI SUSTAV SVINJA PRI ODBIĆU

COMBINED EFFECT OF BUTYRATE AND Yucca Schidigeri EXTRACT ONTHE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF PIGS AROUND WEANING

Valverde Piedra J.L.1 , Szymańczyk S.E.1 , Kapica M.1 , Puzio I.1 , Pawłowska M.1 , Michałowski P.2

1 Department of Animal Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, AgricultureUniversity in Lublin, 2 Mifarmex Sp. z o.o., ul. Lipowa 9, Michałów Grabina, Nieporęt, Poland

After the banning of antibiotics as growth promoters, animal production in EU faced the problem of

increased post-weaning disorders, and several solutions were proposed (acidifiers, probiotics, herb extracts,enzyme cocktails, etc.). Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are the main end product of bacterial fermentation inthe hind gut in monogastric animals and can be used as energy supply for the epithelial cells of gut mucosa.Thus the aim of the study was to test the usefulness of novel microencapsulated sodium butyrate and YuccaSchidigeri extract (encourages friendly bacteria growth, reduces ammonia) preparation on pig performanceand small intestine development in the critical weaning period. Microencapsulation helps to avoid stomachdegradation and provides better distribution of the compounds along the small intestine. Suckling piglets, 14-day old, were divided into 2 groups, control and butyrate. Control pigs received a standard feedsupplemented with a microencapsulated acidifier (0.3%). Butyrate pigs received the same feed as controlssupplemented with butyrate/yucca preparation (0.3%). At days 28 (weaning), 35 and 56 of life, 6 pigs fromeach group were killed and the gastrointestinal tract was harvested and measured. The initial body weight (14d) of pigs from the control group was higher than that of the experimental, but at day 56 it did not differ

significantly (P=0.48). The relative stomach and pancreas weights in the experimental group showed atendency toward higher values in all time points, and the small intestine relative weight in day 35 was higher as compared to the controls. The growth rate of the pigs in day 35 decreased significantly in the control(P=0.007), but did not in the experimental (P=0.058) group compared to day 31. Measurements of the smallintestine sections revealed increased mucosa thickness in butyrate treated pigs. This was due to both villi andcrypt enlargement. In conclusion, our results demonstrated the effectiveness sodium butyrate and YuccaSchidigeri extract in the prevention of weaning problems in pigs, however further research on the novel preparation is needed.



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UTJECAJ EKSTRAKTA KESTENA (FARMATAN®) NA OKSIDATIVNISTRES UZROKOVAN UNOŠENJEM VELIKIH KOLIČINA PUFA KOD

ODBITE PRASADI

THE EFFECT OF SWEET CHESTNUT EXTRACT (FARMATAN®) ONOXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCED BY HIGH PUFA INTAKE IN WEANED

PIGS

Tamara Frank ič, Bc.S., Vida Rezar, Ph.D., prof. Janez Salobir, Ph.D.

Zootehnical department, Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia

Among many plant extracts, known for their antioxidant activity, sweet chestnut extract was not yetextensively studied for its ability to protect the organism against oxidative damage. The aim of our study wasto evaluate the possible antioxidant potential of sweet chestnut extract in pigs fed high PUFA diet. Forty-eight weaned crossbred pigs were individually caged in balance cages and assigned to six different isocaloricdietary treatments. Control group received a normal diet with low antioxidant protection and 10 % of energyfrom fat. Oil group was supplemented with linseed oil (30 % of energy from fat), three groups wereadditionally supplemented with chestnut extract (0.75, 1.5 and 3 g sweet chestnut extract/kg feed) and onegroup with 100 mg/kg of vitamin E. Sweet chestnut extract was applied as a commercial product Farmatan®

(Tanina Sevnica, Slovenia) which consisted of 75 % mostly hydrolysable tannins, molecules known of their various beneficial and undesirable effects for farm animals.DNA damage of lymphocytes was measured by Comet assay. Lipid peroxidation was studied by plasma and

ur ine malondialdehyde (MDA) and urine isoprostane concentrations (iPF2α -VI), total antioxidant status(TAS) of plasma and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) assays. The incidence of hepatotoxicity of tannins wasstudied by measuring plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT) activity.High amount of PUFA from linseed oil (oil group) caused DNA damage in pig blood lymphocytes and allthree concentrations of sweet chestnut extract reduced the damage to the level of the control group (P<0.01).MDA in urine and plasma was elevated by high PUFA intake. Sweet chestnut extract supplementation didnot decrease plasma MDA, however, 3 g/kg of chestnut extract partially decreased the MDA excretion inurine. Moreover, lower isoprostane F2α levels were detected in urine of pigs fed 3 g sweet chestnut extract per kg feed compared to control group. Due to great variability the TAS and GPx values did not differ among treatments. High intake of PUFA in oil supplemented group resulted in significantly elevated plasmaALT. Sweet chestnut extract decreased the ALT values back to the level of the control group. Similar

pattern, however not significant, was observed for plasma AST, while plasma GGT values were not affected by any treatment.The results of this study show that sweet chestnut extract has obvious antioxidant properties. It showed the best antioxidant capacity at concentration of 3 g/kg feed. Its antioxidant efficiency in protecting the organismfrom oxidative stress induced with high PUFA intake was better or equal to that of vitamin E (100 mg/kgfeed).



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UTJECAJ HRANIDBE NA IZLUČIVANJE FSH I LH TIJEKOMLAKTACIJE, NA MATERNICU I RAZVOJ FOLIKULA U KRMAČA

POSLIJE ODBIĆA

INFLUENCE OF FEEDING LEVEL ON FSH AND LH SECRETIONPATTERNS DURING LACTATION, ON UTERUS AND FOLLICLE

DEVELOPMENT AFTER WEANING IN SOWS

M. Wähner 1 , J. Kauffold 2 , Nedeljka Nikolova3

1 Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Strenzfelder Allee 28, 06406 Bernburg, Germany,2 University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany,

3 Institute of Animal Science, Ile Ilievski 92a, p. box 207, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia

Feeding during lactation has been shown to effect physiology of reproduction in sows. A study wasconducted by define the hormonal patterns of FSH and LH in lactation (21 days), the development of uterusand follicles after weaning in primiparous sows fed restricted (RE) or ad libitum (AL).14 sows were used; 7 each I group AL or in group RE (70% of the diet of AL-sows). An intravenouscatheter was inserted on day 6/7 post partum (pp). Blood samples were collected on days 12, 15 and 18 pp.FSH and LH were analysed by RIA. Daily ultrasonography of the ovaries between day 8 and 20/21 pp wasused on a few animals per group to monitor follicular growth. All sows were slaughtered either 1 or 7 days

after weaning. Mean daily feed intake during lactation was 3.9 kg in AL- and 2.7 kg in RE-sows. FSHconcentration were similar in AL- and RE-sows on day 12 pp, but higher in AL-sows on day 15 and day 18 pp (P<0,05). Generally LH concentration were higher in AL- than RE-sows (P<0.05). The resultsdemonstrate that lactating AL-sows both higher LH and FSH concentrations during lactation than RE-sows.An association to simultaneously observed differences in follicular growth is assumed. 24 hours and 7 daysafter weaning the weights of uterus were higher in AL-sows (399/478g) than in RE-sows (335/392g).Generally the follicular status of AL-sows was further developed than in RE-sows.



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GENETIČKI TRENDOVI U ODNOSU NA PROIZVODNE REZULTATEFARMI

GENETIC TRENDS IN RELATION TO FARM PERFORMANCE

DVM Michiel Westerhof

Manager of Search and Development division – TOPIGS International

In the nowadays practice, breeding companies are breeding sows and boars with an every year increasing potential. TOPIGS breeds for traits like litter size, mothering ability, vitality, feed efficiency, daily gain,carcass and meat quality, robustness etc. and obtains substantial positive genetic trends every year.

Defining for each line a different breeding goal, TOPIGS can select specific products for differentcircumstances like hot or moderate climate, high management level against a basic management level,weaner or farrow to finish production.Farm performances, certainly on the finishing performance, nevertheless do not show on every trait the sametrend as genetically could be possible. Why? Practical farm performances do show that the impact of thetotal farm management (feeding, health, housing) has a higher influence on the final performance thengenetics only. Litter size is the only trait of which the trend on farm level is the same as the genetic trend.The average yearly genetic trend for finishers for daily gain at TOPIGS is ± 5 gr/day and -/- 0,012 in energyefficiency per year. At farm level daily gain improves also with ± 5 gr/day, but feed efficiency didn’timprove at all comparing 1995 to 2006. Energy efficiency did improve from 1995 to 2000 with 0,01 per year! This improvement was lost afterwards. The trend for lean meat is ± + 0,16 % per year on finisher level,while in practice ± + 0,1 % is obtained.

Different phenomenon’s appeared and had negative effects on farm performance, as there are:

Diseases: PRCV-Circo + PRRS Animal protein: prohibited Growth promoters / antibiotics: prohibited New raw materials or misuse because of price A never seen before price increase of raw materials

Taking into account that feed nowadays is over 60 % of the cost price of a kg pork, choices are perhaps madewhich are not leading to a technical and economical optimal performance. Also feeding systems, usinguncontrolled feed intake until slaughtering, do cost extra feed and thus money. Over 65 kg of live weight thefinisher is less efficient in protein deposition, certainly the castrates.If at farm level we wish to exploit the genetic potential of the pigs, feed quality should be continuouslylooked at, the youth gain be exploited at its maximum level and to have higher financial results usecontrolled feed intake from 65 kg live weight to slaughtering.TOPIGS continues to breed high potential athletes, the total farm management will be the key factor to seethe pigs in the farm perform at their top-level.



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UTJECAJ RAZLIČITIH NAČINA HRANIDBE NA MESNATOSTHIBRIDNIH SVINJA

THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIMES ON THE LEANMEAT CONTENT OF HYBRID PIGS

M. Sviben

SAŽETAK

Ostvarljivost povećavanja tjelesne mase svinja podavanjem količina metabolizirajuće energije procijenjenih potrebnima u nacrtu krmljenja za poboljšanu izdašnost (Sviben, 2001) provjerena je s podacima o tovu

četvorostruko križanih svinja u Institutu za stočarstvo i ponašanje životinja Saveznoga poljoprivrednoistraživačkoga centra Braunschweig u Marienseeu (Njemačka). Podaci su objavljeni i obranjeni u Institutu zauzgoj životinja i genetiku Sveučilišta Georg August u Göttingenu 22. 11. 2001. (Kusec, 2001). Ustanovljeno je, da su pokusni njemački hibridni uškopljenici za prirast od 23,29 kg do 137,97 kg žive vage potrošili krmei u njoj energije gotovo potpuno jednako kao da su bili hranjeni po nacrtu krmljenja za poboljšanu tovnost prema postignutoj dobi (za 114,68 kg prirasta 340,6 kg krme s 4.700 MJ ME prema 341,7 kg s 4.738 MJ MEza 115,282 kg prirasta ž.v.). Takvi, intenzivno gojeni, hibridi imali su po klanju polutke teške prosječno111,57 kg i u njima 48,69% mesa. Uškopljenici u kontrolnoj skupini imali su polutke teške prosječno 94,99kg i u njima 53,44% mesa. Za prirast od 22,56 kg do 117,19 kg žive vage potrošili su po 275,49 kg krme i unjoj 3.580 MJ ME. Visoko signifikantna razlika u udjelu mesa u toplim polama intenzivno i standardnohranjenih tovljenika bila je pripisana razlici režima krmljenja pokusnih i kontrolnih svinja (Kusec, 2001).Poslije obrade podataka o svinjama iz Požeške kotline (Matoković i sur., 1997) bila je, međutim, postavljena

hipoteza, da se količina mesa povećava, a udio mesa smanjuje u skladu s povećanjem mase toplih polovicazaklanih svinja. Tvrdnja je zatim provjerena podacima o svinjama u četiri europske zemlje i u Danskoj posebice. Obradom podataka u Danskom istraživačkom institutu za meso hipoteza je bila potvrđena (Svibeni Olsen, 2006). Uzeto je u obzir, da je razina mesnatosti posljedica prethodne primjene uzgojnih postupaka iaktualnih proizvodnih postupaka te je pretpostavljeno, da su se u zavisnosti od mase toplih polovica moglekretati količina mesa u polama po jednadžbi YC = 19,2893 + 0,3248 X, a postotak mesa u polama po jednadžbi YC = 91,634 – 0,298 X. Izračunali smo, da bi u toplim polama svinja teškima 111,57 kg moglo biti55,54 kg ili 48,39%, a našli su ga 48,69%. Također smo izračunali, da bi u toplim polama teškima 94,99 kgmoglo biti 50,14 kg ili 53,33% mesa, a našli su ga 53,44%. Opaženi udjeli mesa podudarili su se sočekivanima u pokusnoj i u kontrolnoj skupini tovljenika. U intenzivno (pokusno) hranjenih svinja postotak mesa u toplim polama bio je manji nego u standardno (kontrolno) tovljenih, jer su u istoj dobi pri klanju bileteže. Po nacrtu krmljenja za poboljšanu izdašnost ne proizvode se manje mesnati tovljenici.



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KLAONIČKI OTPAD KAO BIOGNOJIVO NAKON PROCESA ALKALNEHIDROLIZE

SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTE AS A FERTILIZER AFTER THE PROCESSOF ALKALINE HYDROLISIS

Tajana Krička1 , Neven Voća1 , Vanja Jurišić1 , Tea Brlek Savić1 , Sanja Kalambura2

1 Agronomski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu , Zavod za poljoprivrednu tehnologiju, skladištenje i transport,Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]

2Veleučilište Velika Gorica, Zagrebačka 5, e-mail:[email protected]

SAŽETAK

Klaonički otpad predstavlja potencijalno opasan otpad koji se prema zakonima EU mora spaljivati uspalionicama (EU regulative 1774/2002). Činjenica je da se ovaj otpad sakuplja pomiješan, tj. sve trikategorije k laoničkog otpada u jednoj, što znatno otežava zbrinjavanje, jer se sav otpad smatra opasnim.Stoga EU uvodi alkalnu hidrolizu kao alternativnu metodu spaljivanja za sanaciju klaoničkog otpada kojomse uništavaju prioni.Cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti kvalitetu fermentiranog ostatka nakon procesa anaerobne fermentacijeklaoničkog otpada prethodno podvrgnutog alkalnoj hidrolizi. Provedene su kemijske i mikrobiološke analizeuzoraka; biogeni elementi bili su prisutni u umjerenim koncentracijama, dok su koncentracije teških metala bile unutar dozvoljenih granica. Može se zaključiti da se fermentirani ostatak klaoničkog otpada možekoristiti kao biognojivo u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji, posebice u ratarskoj i travnjačkoj proizvodnji.

Ključne riječi: klaonički otpad, alkalna hidroliza, anaerobna fermentacija, fermentirani ostatak

ABSTRACT

Slaughterhouse waste is potentially dangerous waste which, according to the EU regulative 1774/2002, hasto be incinerated in rendering house. It is a fact that all waste is being collected together, namely the threecategories of slaughterhouse waste as only one, which makes its sanation almost impossible. Therefore, EUintroduced alkaline hydrolysis as an alternative method of slaughterhouse waste sanation.Aim of this paper is to determine the quality of fermented residue after the process of alkaline hydrolysis of slaughterhouse waste. The research comprised of chemical analysis and microbiological tests of samples.Biogenic elements were present in moderate concentrations; values of heavy metals were within approvedlimits. This analysis leads to the conclusion that the fermented slaughterhouse waste can be used as a biofertilizer in agricultural production, especially in plant production and grassland cultivation.

Keywords: slaughterhouse waste, alkaline hydrolysis, anaerobic digestion, fermented residue

______________________________ 1Faculty of Agriculture University of Zagreb, Department for Agricultural Technology, Storing and Transport, Svetošimunska 25,Zagreb, Croatia, e-mail: [email protected] 2Politechnical Faculty Velika Gorica, Zagrebačka 5, Velika Gorica, Croatia, e-mail: [email protected]



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UTJECAJ PROIZVODNJE BIOETANOLA IZ ŽITARICA NASTOČARSTVO

EFFECT OF THE BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM CEREALS ONANIMAL PRODUCTION

Darko Grbeša

Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Agronomski fakultet

Porast potražnje za hranom i promjena hranidbenih navika u zemljama u razvoju, osobito Indoneziji, Indiji iKini, najniže zalihe žitarica u zadnjih 25 godina, špekulacije na tržištu, visoke cijene nafte i gnojiva glavni

su, a proizvodnja bioetanola dodatni faktor porasta svjetske cijene žitarica na rekordnu razinu. Današnjageneracija biogoriva, etanol i ulje su konkurencija proizvodnji hrane jer se proizvode iz energetskihkomponenti biljaka škroba žitarica, šećera trske i repe, te ulja uljarica, pa su ove osnovne hranjive tvarimanje dostupne domaćim životinjama. Za podmirenje naglog porasta potrošnje mesa, mlijeka i jaja svjetskostočarstvo treba svake godine dodatnih oko 27 milijuna tona žitarica.Cijene etanola i biodizela prate visoke (90-120 $/119 l) cijene nafte te preusmjeravaju (91 milijun tona u2007.) žitarica u proizvodnju bioetanola koja je isplativija od proizvodnje hrane.Svaki porast cijene etanola za 0,10 $ prati porast cijene kukuruza za 0,28 $, pa i mali porast cijene etanolaodmah i snažno povisuje cijenu kukuruza. Procjenjuje se da će cijene žitarica i sojine sačme te ulja za 30-40% povećati cijenu stočne hrane i 20-30% cijene mesa u svijetu. Međutim, žitarice će biti znatno (76%)skuplje u siromašnim zemljama koje su uvoznice hrane, a stočarstvo EU-25 će ovo koštati dodatnih 10milijardi eura u 2008. Samo gubici u svinjogojstvu Danske su 45 eura, a SAD 60 $ po utovljenoj svinji. Iako

se danas samo 1% obradivih površina koristi za proizvodnju biogoriva, pitanje je da li je moralno pretvoritienergiju 90 kg kukuruza u etanol (38 l) što je količina dovoljna za jedno punjenje rezervoara automobila ili ju iskoristiti za proizvodnju hrane koja je dostatna za prehranu jednog djeteta tijekom godine dana.SAD su najveći svjetski proizvođač (330 milijuna t.), izvoznik (70 milijuna t.) i prerađivač (82 milijuna t.)kukuruza u etanol, pa određuju stanje žitarica na svjetskom tržištu. Predviđa se da će se u idućih 7 godina45% kukuruza koristiti za proizvodnju etanola pa će SAD znatno veću količinu kukuruza koristiti za proizvodnju etanola nego izvoziti, što će još više povećati manjak i cijenu žitarica na svjetskom tržištu.Razdoblje visokih cijena kukuruza trajati će 4-6 godina što ovisi o proizvodnji žitarica, trajanju visokihcijena nafte koje preusmjeravaju kukuruz u proizvodnju etanola, ambicioznosti SAD i EU u miješanju 10%ili više biogoriva u transportna goriva, te vremena kada će se početi primjenjivati tehnologija proizvodnje biogoriva iz lignoceluloze. Međutim, visoka cijena kukuruza i soje mogu smanjiti njihovo korištenje za biogoriva.U Europi se samo 2% žitarica koristi za proizvodnju etanola pa je tako u 2007 proizvedeno 1,77 milijardilitara, a oko 1,0 milijarde je uvezeno iz Brazila gdje ga se sve više proizvodi na površinama iskrčenih prašuma (ekologija). Međutim, znatna količina etanola će se proizvoditi u Panonskoj nizini. Premadostupnim podacima, u Hrvatskoj će se u etanol preraditi najmanje 250 000 t, Mađarskoj oko 2,0 milijuna, au Sr biji 1,5 milijuna mješavine kukuruza i pšenice, pa će na regionalnom tržištu biti za 20-30% manježitarica za domaće životinje, a pojaviti će se i znatne (1,2 milijuna tona) količine alkoholnog tropa žitarica.Pri današnjoj razini tehnologije proizvodnje biogoriva od 1 tone žitarica ostane 320 kg alkoholnog tropa ili2,6 tona po hektaru. Procjenjuje se da će se u svijetu u 2007/08 proizvesti oko 29,1 (91x0,32) milijuna tonaalkoholnog tropa žitarica, uglavnom kukuruznog i to najviše u SAD. Alkoholni trop od mješavine kukuruza, pšenice i ječma razlikuje se po sastavu od kukuruznog tropa koji se proizvodi u SAD i o kojem postoji veliki broj podataka.. Trop kukuruza sadrži u prosjeku 30% proteina, 12,68% esencijalnih aminokiselina, 10% ulja

i 10% vlakana (10%) te 5,2% minerala. Visoki udjel tropa u hrani životinja ograničavaju varijabilni ineuravnoteženi sastav, moguća pregorenost i sadržaj mikotoksina. Cijene alkoholnog tropa (DDGS) su 60%



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cijene kukuruza pa njegovo maksimalno uključivanje u obrok smanjuje rast cijena animalnih proizvoda.Iskustva SAD pokazuju da se 35% tropa prodaje u svježem (63-68% vlage) stanju koji je za 20-30% jeftinijahrana za krave i junad od suhog tropa, ali samo ako se troši u krugu do 80 km oko pogona. Maksimalni udjelsuhog alkoholnog tropa kukuruza u hranidbi krava je 20%, junadi 30-40%, suprasnih krmača 50%, bređihkrmača 20%, tovnih svinja 20-25%, brojlera 15, a nesilica 10%. Visoka razina ulja ograničava njegov udjel uhrani tovnih svinja, a visoka razina natrija ograničava njegov viši udjel u hrani peradi.Veće potrebe od proizvodnje žitarica će i u idućem razdoblju pogodovati rastu cijena hrane za životinje, atime i hrane za ljude. U EU se samo 1-2% žitarica (neGMO) koristi za proizvodnja biogoriva a trebalo bi 5%za ciljano 35% smanjenje emisije stakleničkih plinova a da pri tome ne smije biti konkurencija ljudskoj hranii nepovoljna po okolinu (uništavanje prašuma). Proizvodnja bioetanola iz žitarica pogoduje razvojuspecijalizirane, osobite krupne ratarske, ali može dovesti do znatnijeg smanjenja stočarske proizvodnje, akoznačajnije ne porastu cijene hrane za ljude. Relativno stimulira govedarstvo osobito u okolici pogona iugrožava svinjogojstvo i peradarstvo. Visoka cijena žitarica stimulira veći udjel suproizvoda i aditiva uhranidbi životinja. Sve su glasniji zahtjevi za korištenjem novih dohodovnih GM varijeteta kukuruza teanimalne masti i proteina. Upitna je opravdanost enormno visoke proizvodnje etanola iz žitarica jer malo(13%) smanjuje emisiju stakleničkih plinova, a puno povisuje cijenu hrane. Proizvodnja etanola iz

lignoceluloznog materijala povisit će dostupnu količinu žitarica, ali bi mogla smanjiti proizvodnjuvoluminozne krme.



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RATARSKE SIROVINE ZA PROIZVODNJU BIOGORIVA U RH

FIELD CROPS FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION IN CROATIA

Boris Varga, Zlatko Svečnjak, Željko Jukić

Agronomski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu

Postojeća skromna proizvodnja zrna žitarica u pravilu nedovoljna za zadovoljenje domaće potražnje,samo u pojedinim godinama osigurava određenu količinu škrobnatog zrna za izvoz ili preradu u etanol.Trajno deficitarna proizvodnja uljarica za proizvodnju biodizela sporo se povećava. Interesi i aktivnosti uizgradnji kapaciteta za preradu zrna žitarica i uljarica u biogorivo idu bržim tempom i veći su od rasta

proizvodnje sirovine za preradu. Takva situacija pogoduje rastu cijena ne samo sirovinama za preradu u biogorivo nego i hrane općenito. Obzirom da svjetski kapaciteti za preradu zrnatih kultura u biogoriva rastu brže od proizvodnje zrna, debalans u ponudi sirovina za preradu smanjuje svjetske zalihe i uzrokuje rastcijena poljoprivrednih sirovina. Rast cijena poljoprivrednih sirovina posljedica je i rasta cijene energije.Propisi Europske unije koji onemogućuju korištenje GM sortimenta u Europi pa tako i u RH dodatnootežavaju državnu intervenciju na tržištu.

Interventne mjere države su nezgrapne, spore i provode se sa zakašnjenjem što dodatano otežavasituaciju proizvođača hrane općenito, ali i korištenje već izgrađenih kapaciteta za proizvodnju biogoriva.Radi stabiliziranja domaćeg tržišta valja preciznije regulir ati tržište zrnom žitarica u RH. Potrebno je smanjitiizvoz zrna žitarica, a izgradnju prerađivačkih kapaciteta u biogorivu usuglasiti s rastom proizvodnjesirovinske osnove. Također, odmah se može prići stimuliranju proizvodnje bioplina na postojećim goveđimfarmama s adekvatnim namjenama proizvedene energije.



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SUDANSKA TRAVA - ENERGETSKA BILJKA ZA PROIZVODNJUBIOPLINA

SUDAN GRASS - ENERGY CROP FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION

Kralik D.,1 Kanižai Gabriella,1 Elter Ana-Marija,1 Kukić S.,2 Uranjek Nataša 3

SAŽETAK

Zbog izrazito visokog prinosa zelene mase, Sudanska trava (Sorghum sudanense L.) postaje interesantnakultura koja može zamijeniti silažni kukuruz u bioplinskim postrojenjima.Sudanska trava je jednogodišnja visoka trava, daje izuzetno visoke prinose kvalitetne zelene mase koju

možemo koristiti kao zelenu krmu, sjenažu ili silažu. Zbog kasnih rokova sadnje dobra je kao postranakultura. U provedenim istraživanjima ostvarena je proizvodnja sudanske trave od 82 tone po hektaru. Zbogvisokog prinosa sudanske trave moguće je ostvariti istu proizvodnju silaže koristeći samo 60% površina kojesmo koristili kod proizvodnje kukuruzne silaže.Prednost uzgoja sudanske trave očituje se u mogućnosti uvođenja ove kulture u plodored, a koja nećezauzimati prostor i vrijeme predviđeno do sada za proizvodnju kultura koje služe za prehranu ljudi iživotinja. Pomoću sudanske trave ostvariv je veći prinosa biomase nego uzgojem kukuruza a energetski potencijal u proizvodnji bioplina je isti. Sudanska trava pokazala se kao pogodna kultura u sušnim uvjetima.Svinjskoj gnojovki dodano je 10% sudanske trave (ST) a kontrolnu grupu (K) čini svinjska gnojovka bezdodataka. Sve grupe su postavljene u tri ponavljanja. Proces anaerobne fermentacije odvijao se udiskontinuiranom procesu pri mezofilnim uvjetima (40°C) uz retencijsko trajanje od 60 dana.Prosječna ukupna proizvodnja bioplina kod supstrata s dodatkom ST iznosi 13.720 ml l-1, a ostvarena

proizvodnja bioplina u kontrolnoj grupi iznosi 9.320,00 ml l-1

.Proizvodnjom sudanske trave neće se ugroziti proizvodnja hrane i proizvodnja krmnih kultura jer ostvarujeveći prinos biomase nego kukuruz i dobra je kultura za postrne uvjete. Dokazano je da se korištenjemsudanske trave radi poboljšanja svojstva gnojovke a u cilju proizvodnje bioplina, povećava količinu bioplinaza 32%. Značajne razlike u koncentracije metana između grupa nisu utvrđene, tj. dodavanjem biomase neugrožava se energetska kvaliteta bioplina.

Ključne riječi: bioplin, sudanska trava, energetske biljke

______________________________ Prof.dr.sc. Davor Kralik, Kanižai Gabriella, dipl. ing, Elter Ana-Marija, dipl. ing, - Poljoprivredni fakultet u Osijeku, Trg sv.Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek ; Srećko Kukić dipl. oec. - Bioplin-Baranja d.o.o., Tina Ujevića 7, HR -31327 Bilje; Nataša Uranjek -

Žito d.o.o. Ðakovština 3, 31000 Osijek,



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PROIZVODNJA BIOGORIVA I UTJECAJ NA EUROPSKO TRŽIŠTESIROVINA

BIOFUEL PRODUCTION AND ITS EFFECT ON EUROPE'S RESOURCEMARKET

Sanja Kalambura1 , dipl.ing, Dejan Kalambura2 , dipl.oecc

1Veleučilište Velika Gorica s pravom javnosti; 2 BBS Projekt, Zagreb

SAŽETAK

Europska unija je nizom strateških dokumenata odredila smjernice za postizanje sve većeg udjela biogoriva

na svom tržištu. Republika Hrvatska u cijelosti slijedi zakonodavstvo EU te budući je na samom začetku, postvalja se pitanje optimalnog odabira tehnologija za proizvodnju biogoriva. Čimbenici koji utječu na broj postrojenja su kapaciteti odnosno raspoloživosti pojedinih vrsta sirovina. Bioplin, biodizel i bioetanolznačajni su obnovljivi izvor energije te u pogledu cjelokupnog programa zaštite okoliše predstavljajuneizostavnu kariku. Ovisno o modelu proizvodnje biogoriva nekoliko je vrsta sirovina koje se koriste:organski otpad, zelena masa, uljana repica, otpadno jestivo ulje, kukuruz. No što kada proizvodnja pojedinihsirovina, primjerice kukuruza, za potrebe proizvodnje bioetanola, značajno ugrožava isplativost rada jednakovažnih bioplinskih postrojenja? Negativna slika tržišta sirovina već je vidljiva na primjeru talijanskih postrojenja gdje su mnoga bioplinska postrojenja sučena s velikim gubicima jer im upotreba zelene mase nijeviše dostupna ili nije ekonomski isplativa.Pri tome valja napomenuti nedostatke pojedinih tehnologija koje teško podnose izmjene tehnološkog procesaili je ipak riječ o trenutno ne realnom rastu cijena sirovina potaknutim raznim subvencijama.

Ključne riječi: biogoriva, sirovine, ekonomska isplativost

SUMMARY

Employing a line of strategic documents the European Union has set guidelines for achieving ever growingfractions of biofuel on its market. The Republic of Croatia adheres in full to EU legislature and because it isat the beginning of its application the question arises on which technology is most suitable for the productionof biofuel. Factors which influence the number of facilities are the capacity and availability of specificresources. Biogas, biodiesel and bioethanol are significant renewable sources of energy and are therefore anirreplaceable aspect of environmental protection as a whole. Depending on the model of biofuel productionseveral types of resources can be used: organic waste, green mass, rapeseed, waste vegetable oil, and corn.But what is the outcome when the production of certain resources, corn for the needs of bioethanol for example, considerably endangers the feasibility of equally important biogas facilities? A negative view of resource markets is already visible in the example of Italian facilities where many biogas facilities are facedwith great losses because green mass is no longer available or economically feasible. Therefore, it isimportant to mention the inadequacies of certain technologies which do not cope well with modifications inthe technology process or in the case of an unrealistic rise of resource prices influenced by various subsidies.

Key words: biofuel, resources, economic feasibility



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RASPOLOŽIVE POLJOPRIVREDNE POVRŠINE ZA PROIZVODNJUBIOGORIVA U HRVATSKOJ

AGRICULTURAL AREAS AVAILABLE FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION INCROATIA

Franjo Tomić i Tajana Krička

SAŽETAK

Zbog ekonomskih i ekoloških razloga nastavlja se unapređivanje proizvodnje i širenje korištenja biogoriva usvijetu i EU. Zalihe fosilnih goriva (nafte i plina) su sve manje i oni su sve skuplji, a emisiju stakleničkih plinova treba po Kyjoto protokolu smanjivati zbog ublažavanja klimatskih pojava, koje bi mogle izazvatinesagledive posljedice.

Budući da postoje ograničene površine za proizvodnju biomase, biogoriva bi mogla, po strategiji EU,zamijeniti fosilna goriva samo u jednom dijelu. Tako se je EU obvezala da do 2030. godine, uz razvoj ostalihobnovljivih energija (hidro energije, solarne, energije vjetra, geotermalne), biogoriva zamjene naftu u prometu za 25 %. S obzirom da je Hrvatska kandidat za članstvo u EU, potrebno je raditi najprije naispunjenju obveze od 5,75 % udijela biogoriva, koju ima svaka članica do 2010. godine.Hrvatska ima ukupno 2,955.728 ha poljoprivrednih površina. Od toga su 1,074.159 ha pogodne i umjereno pogodne za uzgoj poljoprivrednih kultura. Ograničeno pogodne i privremeno nepodne površine, na kojima je potrebna izvedba melioracijskih mjera, iznose 1,074.510 ha, dok su trajno nepogodne površine 806.328 ha.Međutim, za uzgoj poljoprivrednih kultura, u 2005. godini korištene su površine od samo 937.000 ha i zalivade i pašnjake 265.000 ha. Dakle, čak 946.669 ha, na kojima je potrebna uzvedba melioracijsk ih mjeramanjeg ili većeg intenziteta, moguće je korisiti, uz pravilno bilanciranje, za povećanje poljoprivredne proizvodnje i za uzgoj energetskih usjeva u svrhu proizvodnje biogoriva. Ove činjenice dokazuju da

Hrvatska raspolaže s potrebnim površinama i u svrhu proizvodnje količina biogoriva potrebnih po postojećim direktivima EU.

ABSTRACT

For both economic and ecological reasons, production of biofuels is being improved and their use isexpanding all over the world, and so also in the EU. Reserves of fossil fuels (oil and gas) are getting rapidlydepleted and their prices are constantly rising. According to the Kyoto protocol, greenhouse gas emissionsshould be reduced to mitigate climate changes that could have unforeseeable consequences.Since areas for biomass production are restricted, the EU strategy is to replace fossil fuels by biofuels only partially. Thus, the EU member states are committed, along with developing other renewable energies(hydro, solar, wind, geothermal), to replace 25 % of petrol in transport by biofuels by the year 2030. AsCroatia is a candidate for EU membership, it should make efforts to meet the requirement of 5.75 % share of biofuels that each member state should fulfil by the year 2010.Croatia has 2,955,728 ha of agricultural land, of which 1,074,159 ha is suitable or moderately suitable for field crop production. Marginally suitable and currently not suitable areas, on which ameliorative measuresare necessary, cover 1,074,510 ha, while permanently not suitable areas extend on 806,328 ha.However, only 937,000 ha were used for field crop production in 2005 while 265,000 ha were under meadows and pastures. Thus, as many as 946,669 ha, requiring more or less intensive ameliorative measures,are available, with adequate balancing, for extension of agricultural production and for production of energycrops intended for biofuels. These facts indicate that Croatia possesses areas required to produce thequantities of biofuels required by the relevant EU directives.



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UPRAVLJANJE TOPLINSKIM STRESOM U MLIJEČNIH KRAVA

MANAGEMENT OF HEAT STRESS IN DAIRY COWS

Germano Brajković, dr.vet.med., Buzet, Trstenik 20 Davor Perkić, dr.vet.med., Kušić promet d.o.o, Sv. I. Zelina

SAŽETAK

Toplinski stres jedan je od problema s kojima se susrećemo u modernoj proizvodnji mlijeka. Njegovnegativni utjecaj direktno pogađa proizvodne (kvalitativne i kvantitativne) rezultate, reprodukcijskekarakteristike, opću otpornost organizma i smanjenu rekuperacijsku moć visokomliječnih krava u suhostaju,te pripremi za predstojeću laktaciju. Toplinski stres uzrokuje čitav niz kliničkih i subkliničkih pojava kodmuznih krava, kada temperatura i vlažnost zraka pređu prag takozvanog «komforta» koji negativno utječe na

efikasnost proizvodnje i reprodukcije.

Toplotni stres ovisi o vanjskim i unutarnjim faktorima:

- vanjski faktorio iritacija sunčane toplineo temperatura objektao ventilacijao vlažnost

- unutarnji faktorio toplina proizvedena fermentativnim procesima u buraguo rad buraga i kapureo bazalni metabolizamo toplina proizvedena lokomotorikom (kretanjem)

Karakteristike i simptomi toplotnog stresa su:

- povišena tjelesna temperatura- smanjeni utrošak suhe tvari- smanjena proizvodnja mlijeka ( bjelančevina i mliječne masti)- smanjena plodnost- smanjena imunološka sposobnost

Termički «komfort» mliječnih krava:

Kod goveda termički komfort kreće se od 5 do 25˚C, ali na komfort životinja znatno utječe vlažnostzraka. Što je niža relativna vlaga to je lakši gubitak topline evaporacijom prisutnoj na površini kože.Evaporacijom voda apsorbira toplinu krvi životinja i snižava tjelesnu temperaturu, te životinja osjećaolakšanje.

Kada zbroj temperature i vlage prijeđe granicu 100 govori se o diskomfortu koji je nepovoljan zakrave muzare (npr. temperatura od 30 ˚C i vlaga od 80 %, česta pojava u ljetnim mjesecima daje zbroj 30 +80 = 110).Istraživanja su pokazala da temperatura iznad 25˚C maksimalnog termičkog komforta i 75 % relativne vlagezraka, kod muznih krava visoke proizvodnje, povećana rektalna temperatura i do 40 ˚C, životinja osjeća

simptome febrilnosti.



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Kako se boriti i suzbijati toplinski stres:

- poboljšati uvjete življenja – blagostanje životinja

- voditi računa o objektimao potrebe na vodio ventilacija i rashlađivanjeo ishrana koncentrirani, mineralno vitaminski, tamponski dio obrokao ishrana voluminoznim obrokom

Ključne riječi: toplinski stres, visokomliječne krave, termički komfort, ventilacija, metabolički tamponi.



KRMIVA 2008

59

SAPROBIOLOŠKA OCJENA KVALITETE VODE RIJEKE VARDAR UR. MAKEDONIJI NA OSNOVU BIOINDIKATORSKIH VRSTA RIBA

SAPROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY EVELUATION OF THE RIVER VARDAR IN THE R. MACEDONIA ACCORDING TO BIOINDIKATORY

TYPE OF FISH

Rodne Nastova-Djordjioska

JNU "Institut za stočarstvo" - Skoplje(PSI "Animal husbandry Institute" - Skopje)

SAŽETAK

U periodu od 1996. do 1999. g. vršena su sezonska uzorkovanja vode rijeke Vardar s ciljem da senapravi saprobiološka analiza vode na osnovu bioindikatorskih vrsta riba. U okviru naših istraživanjaupotrijebljeni su podaci za indikatorsku težinu slijedećih vrsta: Gobio gobio, Salmo trutta, Barbus barbus,Rhodeus sericeus, Silurus glanis i Ictalurus nebulosus.

Vrijednosti saprobne valence prema metodi Zelinka-Marvan uglavnom su bile u granicama ß-mezosaprobnosti i oligosaprobnosti, mada su na pojedinim lokalitetima bilježene vrijednosti za α-mezosaprobnosti. Dobiveni rezultati za saprobiološku valorizaciju kvalitete vode pokazuju da se rijekaVardar može podijeliti u tri ekološke zone, a to upozorava da treba poduzeti sve neophodne mjere da se održiodgovarajuća kvaliteta vode.

SUMMARY

In the period 1996 – 1999 seasonal examinations of the water of the river Vardar were done in order to do saprobational analyses on the basis of bioindicational types of fish. Within our examinations the datafor indicatory weight of the following types were used: Gobio gobio, Salmo trutta, Barbus barbus, Rhodeussericeus, Silurus glanis and Ictalurus nebulosus.

The values of saprobational valency according to Zelinka-Marvan's method were in range of ß-mezosaprobation and oligosaprobation, although on some locations were found values of α-mezosaprobation. The results for saprobational valorization water quality show that the river Vardar can be

divided into three ecological zones, which signals that all the necessary measurements should be done tokeep the suitable water quality.



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UTJECAJ KVALITETE KRMIVA NA PROIZVODNOST I ZDRAVLJEMLIJEČNIH KRAVA

THE EFFECTS OF FORAGE QUALITY ON PRODUCTION AND HEALTHIN DAIRY COWS

Vajda V., Maskaľová I.

University of veterinary medicine in Košice

SUMMARY

Evaluation of energy metabolism using the analysis of feed ration, rumen fermentation, and bloodmarkers of energy metabolism in 363 dairy cows has shown:

- In the period of preparation for parturition – bulky type of feed ration contained increased valueof neutral-detergent fibre (NDF in 60 % of herds) and acid-detergent fibre (ADF in 50 % of herds) withlimiting values of non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC). An increased levels of acetic acid (in 57 %) anddecreased propionic acid (in 38 % animals), respectively with wider ratio C2:C3=3.3:1 increase in 53%animals, significantly limit adaptation of the rumen metabolism to the concentrate type of feed ration after parturition. Such type of fermentation is a precondition for a tendency to lipomobilisation (30 % animals)and increase of hepatal load (40 % animals).

- In the postpartal period - change to the concentrate type of TMR with increased levels of NFC

(50 % herds), and low degree of adaptation of the rumen fermentation result in the rumen acidification (50% animals), accompanying ketogenesis (34 % animals), increase hepatal load (64 % animals), and ketosisoccurrence (12-34 % dairy cows).

- In the period of the lactation peak - gradual stabilization of ruminal as well as intermediarymetabolism with manifestation of ketogenesis in 25 % examined animals, with nutritional and metabolicload of the liver in 52 % animals, are observed.

Increase in the portion of concentrates for increase of nutrient concentration in TMR manifests bythe rumen acidification with a tendency to a decrease in milk fat and increased manifestations of the hoof disorders.

Further increase of the level of milk production and milk components requires:- improvement of the quality, nutritional value and digestibility of forages,- nutritional prevention and formation of productive health of herds should be carried out by

increase of the intake of forage dry matter, and stabilization of the rumen and intermediary metabolism of high-productive dairy cows, in respective their phases of nutrition.



KRMIVA 2008

61

TANINI U HRANIDBI PREŽIVAČA

TANNINS IN RUMINANT NUTRITION

Andrej Lavrenčič

ABSTRACT

Tannins are polyphenolic substances with various molecular weights and a variable complexity, which havea common characteristic to precipitate proteins. They are commonly found in feeds such as fodder legumes, browse leaves, fruits and in wood and bark of many trees. Most commonly tannins are considered to beharmful or toxic to animals. However, in last few years this perception changes, because feeding some feeds

containing tannins or offering tannin containing extracts to animals can increase their productive performances. From this point of view we examined the effects of tannins on the activity of rumenmicroorganisms by following their effects on gas, volatile fatty acid and methane production. Furthermore,we examined the effect of tannins on the formation of complexes with proteins and their effect on proteindegradability and digestibility. At the end, we tried to summarize the research on effects of tannins on milk production and composition and on meat production and quality. Wherever it will be possible the effects of two in Europe most commonly used and commercially available tannin containing products for animalnutrition, chestnut (CWE) and quebracho wood extract (QWE), will be described.

______________________________

Assist. Prof., Ph.D., University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Sciences, Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale



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PRIRAST MLAĐI KALIFORNIJSKE PASTRVE (Oncorhynchus mykiss) UOVISNOSTI OD SADRŽAJA SLOBODNE UGLJIČNE KISELINE U VODI

GROWTH RATE OF THE RAINBOW TROUT`S FRY (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

DEPENDENCE ON CONTENTS OF FREE CARBONIC ACID IN THEWATER

Samir Muhamedagić, Salko Muratović

Povećani sadržaj slobodne ugljične kiseline u vodi nepovoljno djeluje na organizam riba, posebno naorganizam salmonidnih vrsta riba. Prema brojnim literaturnim navodima koncentracija slobodne ugljičnekiseline iznad 25 mg/L je štetna za ribe. U istraživanjima provedenim u mrijestilištu Bavarskog instituta za

ribarstvo, Njemačka, tijekom 2000. godine, ispitivan je utjecaj povećanih koncentracija slobodne ugljičnekiseline na prirast i iskorištavanje hrane kod mlađi kalifornijske pastrve (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum,1792.) u dobi do 3 mjeseca i utrošak hrane za jedinicu prirasta, te pratili pojave bolesti i mortalitet kao pokazatelje uzgojnog uspjeha.

Koncentracija slobodne ugljične kiseline u pojedinim je oglednim bazenima bila različita. U hranidbi mlađisu korištene starter smjese granulacije 0,1 i 2 gr., a sama hranidba mlađi bila je prilagođena fizičko-kemijskim parametrima vode u uzgajalištu.

Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da različite koncentracije slobodne karbonatne kiseline nisu značajnoutjecale na iskorištavanje hrane. Konzumiranje hrane bilo je u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa brojem jedinki usvakom bazenu pa je različita količina konzumirane hrane rezultat nejednakog broja jedinki u bazenima.Hranidbeni koeficijent (FQ) je u svim bazenima iznosio 0,9 i ovakav rezultat se može smatrati optimalnim.

Slobodna ugljična kiselina u koncentraciji većoj od 25 mg/l nepovoljno je djelovala na prirast mlađi.Prosječna tjelesna masa mlađi statistički je značajno manja (P<0,05) u odnosu na mlađ u kontrolnom bazenu.

Koncentracija slobodne ugljične kiseline preko 15 mg/l nije nepovoljno djelovala na prirast mlađi.

Ključne riječi: slobodna ugljična kiselina, kalifornijska pastrva, prirast



KRMIVA 2008

63

KONTROLA ENERGETSKOG BALANSA U SUHOSTAJU, KLJUČUSPJEHA U PROIZVODNJI MLIJEČNIH KRAVA

ENERGY BALANCE CONTROL IN TRANSITION, A KEY TO SUCCESS INDAIRY PRODUCTION

Dott. Andrea Formigoni

docente di nutricionale e alimentazione animale falcota dimedicina veterinaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

SAŽETAK

Količina raspoložive energije u odnosu na potrebe kod muznih krava od prvorazrednog je značenja,kako bi se spriječilo izbijanje raznih pojava koje negativno utječu na blagostanje životinja i na proizvodnesposobnosti. Način ishrane u intenzivnoj proizvodnji nije uvijek u stanju pokriti energetski balans. Ponekad je to pozitivni energetski balans (BEP), a u većini slučajeva je negativan (BEN). U prvom slučaju višak energije akumulira se u masne depoe (životinja dobiva na težini), u drugom slučaju životinja mobiliziravlastite rezerve čime se „troši“, a dugotrajnija pojava može dovesti do ugrožavanja zdravstvenog stanja i dosmrti.

Negativni energetski balans (BEN) vrlo često se veže za nepovoljne klimatske uvjete i neadekvatneobjekte. Najčešće se javlja neposredno prije teljenja i to zadnjih 7 dana prije i prvih 3 - 4 tjedana poslijeteljenja. U tom periodu životinja se susreće sa povećanim zahtjevom za hranidbenim tvarima zbog povećanog bazalnog metabolizma, bržeg rasta ploda, povećanom sekrecijom i pripremom za proizvodnju

kolostruma i mlijeka. Životin ja počinje trošiti vlastite rezerve (masti, bjelančevine, minerale i vitamine) tegubi na težini. Javljaju se patološka stanja koja mogu ugroziti zdravstveno stanje životinje (ketoze, acidoze,steatoze jetre, mastitisi, metritisi i smanjene imunološke otpornosti). Sa BEN neposredno pred teljenjesmanjena je kvaliteta i kvantiteta mlijeka. Smanjene su reprodukcijske sposobnosti pa se muzare izlučuju iz proizvodnje.

Praksa je pokazala da su muzare sa većom proizvodnjom one koje najviše izgube na težini i kondicijiako trpe od neke dismetabolije. Te su životinje neposredno pred teljenje bile u blagom BEN, ali uz dobruishranu i preventivu jetrenih dismetabolija daju najbolje rezultate.

Kontrola negativne energetske bilanse:

BEN kod muzara neposredno pred teljenje smanjuje se: visokim uzimanjem hrane, povećanomkoncentracijom obroka bez većeg učešća šećerne i škrobne komponente, održavanjem efikasnim metaboličkefunkcije upotrebom pojedinih komponenti obroka.

Upotreba većih količina ugljikohidrata vodi povećavanju BEN, te negativno utječe na mastikaciju atime i na celulitičku bakterijsku mikropopulaciju. Na probavne procese nepovoljno utječu pojedinekomponente metabolita (prema Allenu radi se o propionatu potaknutim sekrecijom inzulina).

Izvori dušika su neophodni mikropopulaciji koja utječe na probavljivost organskih tvari.Upotreba bjelančevinastih sirovina umjesto koncentriranih krmiva bogatih škrobom povećava

probavljivost smanjujući proizvodnju propionata, dok silaža bogata aminima u fermentacijskim procesimaClostridija smanjuje probavljivost.

Upotreba by- pass metionina, lizina pozitivno utječe na uzimanje hrane. Kod velikog deficita BEN povećane su potrebe za alaninom i glutaminom koji služi proizvodnji glukoze od 40-60 %.



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Masti u tranziciji upotrebljava ju se već duže vremena kako bi se nadoknadio BEN. No,nekontrolirana upotreba masti mogla bi nepovoljno utjecati na probavljivost celuloze, bjelančevina iaminokiselina.U oksidativnim procesima masti nepovoljno utječu na uzimanje hrane i zdravstveno stanje krava. Veći postotak masti u obroku povoljno djeluje na aktivaciju PPAR (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor).Radi se o sekundarnoj liniji oksidacije masti kod povećanja NEFA u cirkulaciji a potaknuta je raznimmasnim kiselinama linolnom, linoleinskom itd. U tom oksidacijskom procesu sudjeluje i vitamin A.Smatra se da količina od 100 grama masti dnevno je dovoljna da zadovolji metaboličke procese u kojimamast učestvuje.

Posebni tretmani krava u tranziciji da bi se spriječio BEN i razne patologije u određenomvremenskom periodu pred teljenje i period neposredno poslije teljenja potrebno je upotrijebiti pojedinezahvate koji su vremenski ograničeni a farmakološke su naravi.

Upotreba glikolnog propilena (antiketozno sredstvo), pojedine aminokiseline, masne kiseline, omega3 kiseline, prebiotici i probitoici koji utječu na metabolizme ugljikohidrata i bjelančevina, te na taj način štite jetru. Prebiotici (oligosaharidi) čuvaju i potpomažu regeneraciju mukoze probavnog trakta, dok probioticistimuliraju kolonizaciju korisnih mikroorganizama (laktobacila i bifobakterija).

Primjena pojedinih vitamina u ishrani muzara u tranziciji:

Vitamin E utječe na bolesti mliječne žljezde, smanjuje broj somatskih stanica i vrši antioksidativnufunkciiju, doziranje 4000 mg dnevno neposredno prije teljenja, davanje u hrani je puno efikasnije.

Vitamin C vrši funkciju antioksidanta štedeći vitamin E, potpomaže regeneraciju glutatina,razgradnja vitamina C u buragu je skoro totalna pa se preporučuje davanje putem injekcija.

Beta karotin smanjuje somatske stanice, povećava fagocitarnu sposobnost neutrofila.Vitamin B12 utječe ne metabolizam propionata i na glikemijuAcetil salicilna kiselina povoljno djeluje kod upalnih procesa (najnovija istraživanja).



KRMIVA 2008

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RAZVOJ VETERINARSTVA U HRVATSKOJ

DEVELOPMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN CROATIA

Prof. dr. sc. Vesna Vučevac Bajt

Institute for History, Ethics and Sociology of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb

[email protected]

SAŽETAK

Razvoj veterinarstva u Hrvatskoj započinje u srednjem vijeku, kada su napisane prve uredbe, koje suse odnosile na održavanje higijenskih mjera, a izdavale su ih autonomne gradske vlasti. Iz istog razdobljasačuvani su i prvi propisi iz opće zaštite donošeni radi sprečavanja pojave i širenja bjesnoće. Najstarijeveterinarsko djelo potječe iz godine 1526., a tiskano je pod nazivom «Delli remedi alle malatie de caualli»(O liječenju bolesti konja). Značajniji napredak u razvoju veterinarstva u Hrvatskoj nastaje tek u 18. stoljeću,kada djeluju hrvatski prosvjetitelji, koji svojim radom obrazuju puk i unapređuju stočarstvo i veterinarstvo.Početak razvoja veterinarskog zakonodavstva u Hrvatskoj uvjetovale su loše epizootiološke prilike, pa je prvi pisani veterinarski zakon donesen godine 1787. Znatan doprinos u razvoju stočarstva i veterinarstva dalo je Hrvatsko-slavonsko gospodarsko društvo (1841.), zatim Hrvatsko-slavonsko veterinarsko društvo (1893.),kojim je ojačana samoorganizacija veterinarskog staleža, kao i osnivanje Potkivačke škole (1886.), koja sesmatra pretečom Veterinarske visoke škole. Bitne promjene u organizaciji i značenju veterinarske službe uHrvatskoj nastaju u 19. st., napose nakon donošenja «Zakona o uređenju veterinarstva u Kraljevini Hrvatskoji Slavoniji» (1888.).

U borbi protiv zaraznih bolesti značajnu ulogu imao je i razvoj veterinarske literature. Osim brojnihknjiga nastalih kao prijevodi iz strane literature, u drugoj polovici 19. st. napisani su i prvi originalniveterinarski udžbenici na hrvatskom jeziku. Tvorac tih udžbenika bio je profesor Josip Ubl, koji je ušao uhrvatsku veterinarsku povijest kao tvorac hrvatske veterinarske terminologije.

Za razvoj veterinarstva presudno značenje imala je odluka Zemaljske vlade, kojom se osnovaoHrvatsko-slavonski zemaljski bakteriološki zavod u Križevcima (1901.), samo 13 godina nakon osnutkaPasteurovog zavoda u Parizu. Najvažniji događaj u povijesti hrvatskog veterinarstva ipak je uslijedioosnutkom Veterinarske visoke škole u Zagrebu 1919., koja je pretvorena u Veterinarski fakultet 1924.godine. U razdoblju poslije Drugog svjetskog rata dolazi do znatnijih promjena u ustroju veterinarstva, poštosu veterinarske stanice postale temeljne organizacijske jedinice, a veterinarske ambulante njihov sastavni

dio. Ispunivši svoju primarnu zadaću u zaštiti stočnog fonda, osobito u suzbijanju stočnih zaraza,veterinarske stanice postigle su rezultate na osnovu kojih se veterinarska služba Hrvatske uvrstila u redvodećih u Europi. Zahvaljujući svemu tome veterinarstvo je spremno dočekalo temeljite političke iekonomske promjene početkom devedesetih godina 20-tog stoljeća.



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SUMMARY

Veterinary medicine in Croatia had its early beginnings in the Middle Ages, when the first decrees onhygiene regulations, issued by autonomous city administrations, were adopted. The first regulations ongeneral measures aimed at preventing the incidence and spread of rabies date from the same period. Theoldest veterinary medical work titled «Delli remedi alle malatie de caualli» (On treating diseases in horses)dates from 1526. A rapid development of veterinary medicine in Croatia occurred only in the 18th century, inthe period of the Enlightenment, when cattle-breeding and veterinary service were improved and common people were given an opportunity to receive education. Unfavourable epizootic circumstances stimulated thedevelopment of veterinary legislation; the first veterinary law was enacted in 1787. The Croatian andSlavonian Economic Society (1841) and the Croatian and Slavonian Veterinary Society (1893) contributedsignificantly to the development of cattle-breeding and veterinary service, helping the self-organisation of the veterinary profession. In 1886, the Horseshoeing School, predecessor of the High School of VeterinaryMedicine, was founded.Significant changes in the organisation and significance of the veterinary service in Croatia took place in the

19th century, upon passing the Act on Organisation of Veterinary Service in the Kingdom of Croatia andSlavonia (1888) in particular. The publication of veterinary literature played a significant role in fightinginfectious diseases. Many veterinary books were translations from other languages. The first originalveterinary medical text-books in Croatian were written in the second half of the 19th century. The author was professor Josip Ubl, who went down in the history of Croatian veterinary medicine as founder of Croatianveterinary medical terminology. A decision of the Croatian government, by which the nationalBacteriological Institute was established in Križevci in 1901 – only 13 years after Pasteur's institute in Paris -was of utmost importance for further development of veterinary medicine. The most important event in thehistory of veterinary medicine was the establishment of the High School of Veterinary Medicine in Zagreb in1919, which evolved into the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in 1924. In the period after the second worldwar, veterinary service underwent considerable change: veterinary medical stations with veterinary clinics astheir integral parts became fundamental organisational units. By fully completing their primary task in the

protection of the lifestock number and particularly in fighting cattle infections, veterinary stations laid astrong foundation both for the veterinary service of Croatia to be among the leading services in Europe andfor the political and economic transition which took place at the beginning of 1990s.



KRMIVA 2008

67

SIGURNOST KRMIVA KAO UVJET ZDRAVSTVENE ISPRAVNOSTIHRANE NA TRŽIŠTU

SAFETY OF AN ANIMAL FOOD AS A CONDITION FOR SANITARYVALIDITY OF A FOOD ON A MARKET

Kozačinski, L., M. Hadžiosmanović, Ž. Cvrtila Fleck, N. Zdolec, I. Filipović

Zdravstvena ispravnost i neškodljivost hrane bezuvjetan su zahtjev koji nameću potrošači, proizvođači temeđunarodna i domaća legislativa. Pri tome se mijenjaju i u skladu s EU legislativom uvode moderniji sustavikontrole hrane. „Higijenski paket“ koji je usvojen koncem 2007. godine (NN RH 99/2007) čine četiri propisa kojireguliraju način provođenja kontrole zdravlja životinja i namirnica animalnog podrijetla, higijenu proizvodnje i prometa, te sigurnost hrane i hrane za životinje koje su namijenjene prehrani ljudi. Ključna je odgovornost proizvođača, koji kroz primjenu HACCP sustava i drugih koncepcija nadzora te sustava samokontrole, provodenadzor u svim fazama proizvodnje, prerade i prometa hrane i hrane za životinje. Sigurnost hrane za životinje preduvjet je sigurnosti hrane u cjelini. Temeljena na načelu od „polja do stola“, sigurnost hrane počinje odhranidbe i uzgoja životinja na farmama, do proizvodnje namirnica animalnog podrijetla. Pored zdravih životinja,za sigurnost hrane značajna je zdravstvena ispravnost i sigurnost biljne proizvodnje koje ukljućuje nadzor nadsredstvima za zaštitu bilja, kao i monitoring biorezidua u hrani što je bitan preduvjet očuvanja javnog zdravstva.Prilagođavanje novom strateškom okviru podrazumijeva pravilnu procjenu rizika u odnosu na fizikalne, kemijskei biološke nokse koje pretpostavljaju sigurne limite neškodljivosti i daju garanciju za sigurnost i zdravstvenuispravnost. Sustav kontrole počiva na nadležnim tijelima državne uprave, koji preko inspekcijskih službi provodenadzor nad proizvodnjom i prometom hrane, te na mreži laboratorija koji su dio sustava, a čiji je rad reguliranzakonskim propisima i podrazumijeva primjenu ISO 17025 norme. Veoma je važno uspostaviti sljedivost kojauključuje zdravlje životinja, hranidbu, proizvodnju hrane i sastojaka hrane za životinje, kroz cijeli prehrambeni

lanac. Na taj se način primjenjuje sustav kontrole po načelu "od polja do stola", koji se s novom strategijomsljedivosti transformira i odvija pod motom „od stola do polja“.

Sanitary validity and harmlessness of food are unconditional demands imposed by consumers, producers,international and homeland legislation. According to EU legislation, the systems of food control are beingchanged and are becoming more modern. „Hygienic pack“, adopted by the end of a year 2007 (NN RH 99/2007),is made of four rules which regulate the way of conducting the control over the health of animals and food of animal origin, hygiene of production and transportation, and safety of the food and food for animals intended for human consumption. The producers have the key responsibility, for they, by use of HACCAP system and other regimes of inspection and self-control, provide supervision of all phases of the production, processing andtransportation of food and food for animals. Safety of an animal food is a precondition for safety of a food „in

toto“. Based on a principle „from the field to the table“, safety of a food begins with nutrition and farming of animals and ends with the production of a food of animal origin. Beside the healthy animals, in the safety of afood an importatn role have also sanitary validity and safety of a plant production. This involves control over theuse of plant-protectors and monitoring of bioresidues in food, what is important precondition for maintenance of public health. Adjustment to the new strategy implies correct risk analysis of physical, chemical and biologicalnoxes, which presuppose secure limits of harmlessness and give assurance for safety and sanitary validity. Systemof control is found by Government authorities which, by inspection department, conduct the control over the production and transportation of a food and over the net of laboratories that are a part of the system and whosework is regulated by legal acts and connotes application of ISO 17025 norm. It is very importatn to establishtraceability of animal health, nutrition, production of food and ingredients of animal food trough the whole foodchain. In this way, the system based on a principle „from the field to the table“ is used and, under the influence of a new strategy of traceability, modified and run under the motto „from the table to the field“.



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SADRŽAJ KONJUGIRANE LINOLNE KISELINE NA HRANJIVE TVARI IHRANU PROIZVEDENU KONVENCIONALNIM NAČINOM I

MIKROVALNIM ZAGRIJAVANJEM

CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID CONTENT OF FEEDING STUFFS ANDFOODS PRODUCED BY CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE HEAT

TREATMENT

1Salamon, R.V., 2 Lóki, K., 1Salamon, Sz., 2Csapó-Kiss, Zs., 1,2Csapó J.

1Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Csíkszereda Campus, Department of Food Science2University of Kaposvár, Faculty of Animal Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry

The role of fats and fatty acids, fats are composed of, in the human nutrition is well-known. Milk fat cancontain considerable amount of the necessary essential fatty acids for satisfying the needs of the humanorganism, as well as considerable amount of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), which have many useful physiological effects according to the latest researches. CLAs act as antioxidant; they neutralize differentharmful external effects by their decomposition. Such harmful effects can be even various procedures used inthe kitchen, like cooking or the use of microwave ovens. We set as the aim of our examinations to analysethe change of CLA content of milk and high-fat dairy products (cheese, butter) as a result of conventionalheat treatment and microwave treatment.In our examinations milk, different cheeses as well as butter were heat treated (on a laboratory cooking

plate), and microwave treated (450 W) for 2 and 8 min, respectively. In order to determine the CLA content,fatty acids were converted into fatty acid methyl esters using the boron trifluoride method, and stored in n-hexanic solution until the analysis. The analyses were carried out using a Chrompack CP 9000 gaschromatograph, on a CP-Sil 88 (FAME) column.Both data found in the literature and our experiments confirmed that by "cooking” of the butter in anappropriate way (ghee cooking), its CLA content can be increased considerably. However, if the specified parameters are not kept, opposite processes can take place. If butter is microwave treated, proportion of CLAdoes not change in the fatty acid content of the sample. Compared to this, in case of the milk and cheesesamples examined, a small decrease of the CLA content occurred.

Keywords: milk, cheese, butter, conjugated linoleic acids, microwave



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SOFTACID® – NOVI, EFIKASNI I SIGURAN KONCEPT ZAPROIZVODNJU STOČNE HRANE BAZIRAN NA ZAŠTIĆENIM

ORGANSKIM KISELINAMA

SOFTACID® – A NEW, EFFICIENT AND SAFE CONCEPT FOR THE FEEDMARKET BASED ON PROTECTED ACIDS

Jakubowski, H.

(Borregaard LignoTech, Düsseldorf – Njemačka)

SoftAcid is a patented technology:

The used organic acids are protected by modified lignosulphonic acid. All kind of organic acid combinationsare possible.

The big advantage is that it is classified as "Irritant" on:

Metals,Concrete andSkin (based on the international OECD guidelines)

In addition it is not classified as dangerous good, which is of high importance for:

All kind of transport and storage purposes and also for an easy and secure handling.

It has low volatility and evaporation:

The evaporation is reduced by 70-80% within the production process.This is combined with less smelling due to the certain performance of the lignosulphonate in the mix.

Last but not least, SoftAcid is a very competitive solution in terms of price.



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UTJECAJ GNOJIDBE NA UROD, KEMIJSKI SASTAV I HRANIDBENUVRIJEDNOST KLIPA I ZRNA KUKURUZA

INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATION ON YIELD, CHEMICALCOMPOSITION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF MAIZE COB AND GRAIN

Marija Vukobratović1 , Nataša Pintić-Pukec2 , Vesna Samobor 1 , Ž. Vukobratović1 , V. Pintić1 , Đ. Kalember 1

SAŽETAK

Preko 80% proizvedene količine kukuruza u Republici Hrvatskoj koristi se u hranidbi domaćih životinja usustavu proizvodnje mesa, mlijeka i jaja. Poznato je da postoji razlika u kemijskom sastavu i hranidbenoj

vrijednosti između različitih hibrida, ali je manje poznato koliko gnojidba može utjecati na promjenu istih.Tla sjeverozapadne Hrvatske nešto su nepovoljnijeg hranidbenog potencijala, zato je na njima, za visoku biljnu, a s time u vezi i stočarsku proizvodnju, potrebno izvršiti pojačanu gnojidbu, koja opet može imati(naročito gnojidba dušikom i fosforom), neželjeni utjecaj na okoliš.Radi utvrđivanja optimalne gnojidbe i njezinog utjecaja na kemijski sastav i hranidbenu vrijednost kukuruza(osječkog hibrida OSSK 444), izvršena su ispitivanja tijekom tri godine (2004.-2006.) na površinamaekonomije Visokog gospodarskog učilišta u Križevcima.Analizom tla (Paige, 1982.) utvrđena je blago k isela reakcija (pH u KCL = 5,93), nizak sadržaj humusa(1,99%), te osrednja opskrbljenost fosforom i kalijem (135 i 157 mg/kg). Pokus je postavljen po slučajnom blok rasporedu u četiri ponavljanja. Veličina parcele svakoga tretmana je bila 70 m2 (7x10 m), a tretmani su bili: 1 - bez gnojidbe; 2 - N80P100K 0; 3 - N80P0K 100; 4 - N0P100K 100; 5 - N80P100K 100; 6 - N120P100K 100; 7 - N120P200K 200; 8 - N160P200K 200; 9 - N200P200K 200; 10 - N240P200K 200.

Nakon berbe izmjeren je urod i izvršeno uzorkovanje kukuruza. Analitika zrna i klipa kukuruza obavljena je po Weende analizi u laboratoriju Visokoga gospodarskoga učilišta. Na osnovi utvrđenih sirovih organskihhranjivih tvari i sirovoga pepela u suhoj tvari klipa i zrna kukuruza, izračunata je metabolička energija (ME)i neto energija za laktaciju (NEL).Sadržaj sirovoga proteina u suhoj tvari klipa kukuruza rastao je sa količinom dodanog dušika (91,99 - 108,35g/kg). Analizom varijance utvrđene su značajne razlike (P<0,05) između kontrole i varijante gnojidbe bez Ni varijanata gnojidbe sa 200 i 240 kgN/ha. Sadržaj sirove vlaknine u klipu varirao je od 92,63 do 100,91 g/kg.Dodatnim testiranjem po kontrolnim gnojidbenim tretmanima utvrđene su razlike između tretmana bezgnojidbe dušikom i fosforom i dobro gnojenih varijanti. Ostvarene razlike u prosječnom sadržaju sirovemasti i NET-a, kao ni ME (11,35 – 11,48 MJ) i NEL (6,79 – 6,88 MJ), nisu statistički značajne u odnosu nagnojidbene tretmane (P>0,05).Sadržaj sirovoga proteina u suhoj tvari zrna kukuruza kretao se od 109,48 do 128,72 g/kg. Analizomvarijance utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između četiri varijante gnojidbene (kontole i gnojidbe bez Ni gnojidbe sa 200 i 240 kg N/ha) i sirovih proteina (P<0,05). Ostvarene razlike u prosječnom sadržaju ostalihsirovih hranjivih tvari, tj. sirovih masti, vlaknine i NET-a nisu statistički značajne (P>0,05) u odnosu nagnojidbene tretmane, kao ni razlike između ME (13,19 – 13,25 MJ) i NEL-a (8,14 – 8,20 MJ).Rezultati provedenoga istraživanja upućuju na zaključak da je gnojidba izvršila utjecaj na sadržaj sirovoga proteina u klipu i zrnu, a sirove vlaknine u klipu kod pojedinih gnojidbenih tretmana, međutim gnojidba nijeizvršila značajan utjecaj na hranidbenu vrijednosti klipa i zrna kukuruza (ME i NEL).

Ključne riječi: klip kukuruza, zrno kukuruza, kemijski sastav, hranidbena vrijednost, varijante gnojidbe.



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ABSTRACT

Over 80% of the maize produced in the Republic of Croatia is used for feeding domestic animals that are part of the meat, milk and egg production system. The differences in the chemical compound and nutritivevalue of the hybrids are well known, but the influence that the fertilization can have on them is not so wellknown. Soils in the north-west region Croatia are of lesser fertility potential, so in order to use them in high production of crops and, consequently of meat it is necessary to increasingly fertilize them, which in turn(especially when fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus) can have undesirable effects on the environment.In order to establish the most appropriate treatment, an analysis of the influence of various fertilizationtreatments on chemical compound of maize (Osijek hybrid OSSK 444) was performed on the college farm inKriževci in during a period of three-year period (2004-2006).The soil analysis (Paige, 1982) established a mild acid reaction (pH in KCL = 5.93), low content of humus(1.99%) and medium supply level of phosphorus and potassium (135 and 157 mg/kg). The experimental trialwas organized in four repetitions and in a randomized block scheme. The size of the plot for each treatmentwas 70 square meters (7x10 m), and the treatments were as follows: 1 – no fertilization; 2 - N80P100K 0; 3 - N80P0K 100; 4 - N0P100K 100; 5 - N80P100K 100; 6 - N120P100K 100; 7 - N120P200K 200; 8 - N160P200K 200; 9 - N200P200K 200;

10 - N240P200K 200.After the harvest the yield was measured and the maize sampled. The analytics of the maize grain and cobwere performed in the laboratory of College of agriculture at Križevci according to Weende analysis. Themetabolic energy (ME) and net energy for lactation (NEL) were calculated on the basis of the determinedcrude organic nutrients and crude ash in maize grain and cob dry matter.The content of crude proteins in the maize cob dry matter increased with the increase of the added nitrogen(91.99 – 108.35 g/kg). The analysis of the variance showed significant differences (P<0.05) between thecontrol and the fertilization without N and the fertilization with 200 and 240 kg N/ha). The content of crudefiber in cob varied from 92.63 to 100.91 g/kg. Additional testing according to the control fertilizing treatmentshowed differences between the treatment without nitrogen fertilization and phosphorus and well fertilizedvarieties. The obtained differences in the average content of crude oil and NET, and those of ME (11.35 – 11.48 MJ) and NEL (6.79 – 6.88 MJ) do not show statistically significant relation to the fertilization

treatments (P >0.05) either.The content of crude protein in maize grain dry matter varied between 109.48 and 128.72 g/kg. The analysisof the variance showed statistically significant variations between four types of fertilizations (controltreatment, fertilization with no N and fertilization with 200 and 244 kg N/ha) and crude proteins (P<0.05).The differences in avareage content of other nutrients, i.e. crude oils, fibre and NET do not show statisticallysignificant (P<0.05) relation to fertilization treatments and neither do the differences between ME (13.19 – 13.25 MJ) and NEL (8.14 – 8.20 MJ).From the results of this research it can be conluded that fertilization influences the content of the crude protein in maize cob and grain, but does not significantly incluence the nutritive value of maize cob andgrain (ME and NEL).

Key words: maize cob, maize grain, chemical composition, nutritive value, type of fertilization

______________________________ 1Marija Vukobratović, dipl. ing., dr. sc. Vesna Samobor, Želimir Vukobratović, dipl. ing., dr.sc. Vinko Pintić, mr.sc. ĐuricaKalember - Visoko gospodarsko učilište u Križevcima, M. Demerca 1, 48260 Križevci, Hrvatska - College of agriculture at Križevci,M. Demerca 1, 48260 Križevci, Hrvatska2

Nataša Pintić – Pukec, dipl. vet. - HSC-Središnji laboratorij za kontrolu mlijeka, Poljana Križevačka 185, 48260 Križevci - CLC-Central laboratory for milk control, Poljana Križevačka 185, 48260 Križevci



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TROVANJE GOVEDA OŠTRODLAKAVIM ŠĆIROM(Amaranrthus Retroflexus)

POISONING IN CATTLE ASSOCIATED WITH INGESTION OF REDROOTPIGWEED (Amaranrthus Retroflexus) – CASE REPORT

Zadnik 1 , T, Starič 1 J, Ježek 1 J, Klinkon1 M, Cigler 2T

1Univerza v Ljubljani, Veterinarska Fakulteta, Klinika za prežvekovalce,Cesta v Mestni log 47, 1000 Ljubljana

2Veterinarska postaja Brestanica, d.o.o., Šolska 15, 8280 Brestanica

On a farm in east south of Slovenia two cows suddenly died over night without previous signs of disease.The cows were sent to post mortem examination to establish the cause of death because they were insured.The cows were eating green forage which contained a big part of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus)at least five days. Local veterinarian suspected the poisoning with this plant. Patomorfological changesestablished by section of both cows confirmed the suspicion of poisoning.



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UTJECAJ HRANIDBE NA KOLIČINU I SASTAV MLIJEKA NAMLIJEČNOJ FARMI SREDNJE GOSPODARSKE ŠKOLE U KRIŽEVCIMA

INFLUENCE OF FEEDING ON MILK COMPOSITION ON CATTLE FARMOF KRIŽEVCI SECONDARY AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL

D. Čuklić.,Tatjana Jelen., F.Poljak., J.Crnčić

SAŽETAK

Određivanje kemijskog sastava mlijeka proizvođačima i otkupljivačima mlijeka služi kao jedan od parametara za utvrđivanje otkupne cijene mlijeka. Nutricionistima količina uree u mlijeku pokazuje

hranidbeni status mliječnih krava. U 2004., 2005. i 2006. na farmi krava muzara u govedarskom praktikumuSrednje gospodarske škole u Križevcima kvartalno je praćena količina mlijeka.Sastav mlijeka i količina urejeu pojedinačnim uzorcima analizirani su u Središnjem laboratoriju za kontrolu kvalitete mlijeka u KriževačkojPoljanki.

U svakom kontroliranom razdoblju nakon analize mlijeka i obroka učinjene su korekcije obrokauslijed čega je došlo do promjena u količini i sastavu mlijeka. Ureja se na početku kretala od vrlo niskih5,38mg/dl. pa do 15-20 mg/dl u sredini kontrole da bi završila na 25 mg/dl na kraju kontroliranog razdoblja.Povećanje količine ureje pratilo je i povećanje količine mlijeka od 14,46 kg na početku kontrole do 26,52 kgna kraju kontroliranog razdoblja. Statistički je utvrđena vrlo visoka pozitivna korelativna povezanost(P<0,001) između sadržaja proteina mlijeka i bezmasne suhe tvari u mlijeku u svim kontrolama. Isto tako jeutvrđena vrlo visoka korelativna povezanost (P<0,001) između sadržaja mliječne masti i suhe tvari u mlijekuod 3. do 10. kontrole što je tumačeno utjecajem povećanja količine sirove vlaknine obroka.

Ključne riječi: krave u laktaciji, ureja, utjecaj hranidbe



74

UTJECAJ NAČINA DRŽANJA I SEZONE NA SASTAV MASNIH KISELINAMLIJEKA U SLOVENIJI

THE INFLUENCE OF REARING REGIME AND SEASON ON MILK FATTYACID COMPOSITION IN SLOVENIA

Mojca Voljč, Alenka Levart, Andrej Lavrenčič, Janez Salobir

University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Zootechnical Department, Domžale, Slovenia

Milk fat is the most variable component of milk and is affected by both physiological and environmental

factors where nutrition of lactating animals is the predominant factor. The aim of our study was to evaluatemilk fatty acid composition and its variability in Slovenia. For this purpose 47 bulk milk samples in year 2005 were collected. Samples were divided among two seasons (summer and winter) and two rearingregimes (intensive and extensive). Fatty acids (FAs) were converted to corresponding fatty acid methyl estersand analyzed using GC-FID. All analytical results are expressed as percentage (%) mass-fraction of totalfatty acids. On average, milk fat contained 67.2 % of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), 28.4 % of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and 4.4 % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Summer milk samples contained significantly lower portion of SFAs (64 % vs. 70.3 %) and significantly higher portion of MUFAs (30.9 % vs. 25,9 %) and PUFAs (5.1 % vs. 3.9 %) in comparison with winter milk samples. Milk from intensive rearing regime contained statistically higher concentration of SFAs (68.0 % vs. 66,3 %) andstatistically lower concentration of MUFAs (28.0 % vs. 28,8 %) and PUFAs (4,1 % vs. 5.0 %) comparedwith extensive rearing regime, the differences being higher during summer season. Average concentration of

CLA in milk samples was 0.9 %. The highest content of CLA (1.7 %) was observed during summer seasonin extensive regime and the lowest CLA content was determined in samples collected during winter seasonin intensive rearing regime (0.55%). Similarly to CLA, season and rearing regime affected the concentrationof linolenic (C18:3 n-3) acid, while concentration of linoleic (C18:2 n-6) acid remained relatively constant.These results suggest that milk produced from extensively reared dairy cows especially in summer seasoncontained higher amounts of health promoting FAs than milk form intensively reared cows in both summer and winter season.



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UTJECAJ SUBKLINIČKE KETOZE NA DNEVNU KOLIČINU I SASTAVMLIJEKA SLOVENSKIH HOLSTEIN KRAVA

EFFECT OF SUBCLINICAL KETOSIS ON DAILY MILK YIELD ANDMILK COMPONENTS OF SLOVENIAN HOLSTEIN

V. Gantner, K. Potočnik, S. Jovanovac, N. Raguž

SAŽETAK

Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio utvrditi utjecaj subkliničke ketoze na dnevnu količinu i sastav mlijeka

slovenskih holstein krava upotrebom podataka iz kontrole mliječnosti. Baza podataka osigurana od straneKmetijskog inštituta Slovenije sastojala se od 1,299.630 test-day mjerenja količine mlijeka i sadržajamliječne mast i bjelančevina 73,255 grla slovenskog holsteina prikupljenih od siječnja 2000 to prosinca2005. Krave su uzgajane na ukupno 5,333 gospodarstava u Sloveniji. Subklinička je ketoza indiciranaomjerom između mliječne mast i bjelančevina višim od 1,5 u krava koje su imale dnevnu proizvodnju uintervalu od 33 do 50 kg (Eicher, 2004). Ketoza index definiran je u odnosu na vrijeme proteklo od detekcijesubkliničke ketoze do narednog kontrolnog dana. Utjecaj subkliničke ketoze na dnevnu količinu i sastavmlijeka analiziran je upotrebom miješanog statističkog modela zasebno za svaku laktaciju. Statistički jemodel uključivao fiksne utjecaje ketoza indeksa, godina-mjesec telenja, stadija laktacije te slučajni utjecajživotinje. Utvrđen je negativni utjecaj subkliničke ketoze na dnevnu količinu mlijeka, dnevni sadržajmliječne masti, te na dnevnu količinu mliječne mast i bjelančevina u svim laktacijama. Pad proizvodnjeutvrđen je unutar 35 dana po detekciji subkliničke ketoze te se nastavio pri slijedećim kontrolama. Pri analizi

dnevnog sadržaja bjelančevina utvrđeno je povećanje pri kontrolama koje su uslijedile po detekciji. Rezultati provednog istraživanja pokazuju da se podaci dobiveni kontrolom mliječnosti (test-day mjerenja) moguupotrijebiti za ranu detekciju subkliničke ketoze.

Ključne riječi: mliječne krave, dnevna količina i sastav mlijeka, subklinička ketoza, test-day mjerenja

______________________________ dr.sc. Vesna Gantner; prof.dr.sc. Sonja Jovanovac; Nikola Raguž, dipl.ing., Poljoprivredni fakultet Sveučilišta J.J. Strossmayera uOsijeku, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Hrvatska; dr.sc. Klemen Potočnik, Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška Fakulteta,

Oddelek za zootehniko, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia



76

SUMMARY

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of subclinical ketosis on daily milk yield and milk components in Slovenian Holstein cows using monthly test day records. Data provided by the Agriculturalinstitute of Slovenia consisted of 1.299,630 test-day records of milk, fat, and protein from 73,255 SlovenianHolstein cows collected from January 2000 to December 2005. Cows were reared on 5,333 farms inSlovenia. The subclinical ketosis was indicated by the fat to protein ratio higher than 1.5 in cows that yielded between 33 to 50 kg per day (Eicher, 2004). Only the first occurrence of upper defined criteria wasconsidered in this study. The ketosis index was defined in relation to the timing of subclinical ketosisdetection to the subsequent measures of test-day milk yields. The effect of subclinical ketosis on test daymilk yield and milk components were studied separately for each parity using mixed model analysis.Statistical model included fixed effect of ketosis index, calving year-month, lactation stage and randomeffect of animal. Negative effect of subclinical ketosis on daily milk yield, daily fat content as well as ondaily fat and protein yields was determined in each parity. Decrease were determined within 35 days after thedetection of subclinical ketosis and continued in subsequent milk controls. When daily protein content was

analysed, increase was determined in subsequent milk controls after detection. The research results show thattest-day records could be used as tool for early detection of the subclinical ketosis.

Keywords: dairy cows, daily milk yield and milk components, subclinical ketosis, test-day records

______________________________ dr.sc. Vesna Gantner; prof.dr.sc. Sonja Jovanovac; Nikola Raguž, dipl.ing., Faculty of Agriculture, J.J. Strossmayer University inOsijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; dr.sc. Klemen Potočnik, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty,

Zootechnical Department, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia



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UČINAK PASTERIZACIJE NA MIKROBIOLOŠKU KAKVOĆUMLIJEČNIH PROIZVODA

RESEARCH OF EFFECT OF PASTEURIZ ATION ONMICROBIOLOGICAL PICTURE OF MILK PRODUCTS

A. Maher, M. Janžekovič, M. Volk

ABSTRACT

Milk is a complex biological liquid and as such represents very good medium for growth of differentmicroorganisms (MO), its pH value being near neutral, it has varied biochemical structure and a high water content. The nature of milk production is such that it is impossible to prevent the infection with

microorganisms, therefore the number of microorganisms in the milk is an important factor for the quality of milk.The purpose of this research work was to establish the effect of pasteurisation of milk in the dairy after theinstallation of new equipment, to find out the effect on the reduction of microorganisms in milk (SŠMO).Performed was the analysis of the results of thermic treatment of milk with Alfa laval pasteur machine year 1982 and Fisher/s pasteur machine year 2006.The effect of pasteurization with the old equipment was only 32,25 %. In the internal measurement 95,0 %this limit surpassed only 10/31 samples. The efficiency of the new equipment was 100 %. With the internallimit 95,0 % this limit was reached by all 31/31 samples. The internal limit for the year 2007 was risen to96,00 % and in this way the system was improved.With the new equipment, which has 20 seconds withholding time in pasteurization (the old equipment had 15seconds withholding time), we gained such good results, that on this ground we lowered the temperature of

pasteurization from 780 C (old equipment) to 760 C (new equipment). We got a more stable production andlowered the use of steam, which is necessary for reaching the wanted temperature in the process for reachingthe wanted temperature in the process of pasteurization. Further investigations will show if it is possible tolower the temperature for additional 20 C.

Key words : milk, pasteurization, microorganisms, initial microflora



78

EKONOMIKA PROIZVODNJE MLIJEKA NA POLJOPRIVREDNIMGOSPODARSTVIMA ISTOČNE HRVATSKE

ECONOMIC PRODUCTION OF MILK ON FARMS IN EASTERN CROATIA

Zmaić, K., Sudarić, T., Lončarić, R.

Zavod za agroekonomiku, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Osijeku,Trg Sv.Trojstva 3, 31 000 Osijek, Hrvatska, [email protected]

SAŽETAK

Jedan od činitelja ekonomičnosti i povećanja proizvodnosti na poljoprivrednim gospodarstvima je povećanjemlijeka po kravi. Izmjenom opsega i proizvodnog programa u značajnoj je mjeri moguće utjecati naekonomsku učinkovitost u poslovanju. Veliki problem s kojima se susreću proizvođači mlijeka jenerazvijena primarna proizvodnja, a time i kakvoća mlijeka, mali posjedi, niska proizvodnost mlijeka pokravi, skupa proizvodnja, visoka cijena kapitala. Konzumno mlijeko u Republici Hrvatskoj se proizvodi u 35mljekara, a od ukupne potrošnje mlijeka 60% se preradi u industrijskim kapacitetima. Proizvodnja mlijeka imliječnih proizvoda se povećava tijekom posljednje tri godine, ali je još uvijek nedovoljno, pa se stvarne potrebe za mlijekom i prerađevinama podmiruju uvozom. U uvjetima tržišnog načina gospodarenjaneophodno je polaziti od tržišne cijene, preko tržišnih činitelja proizvodnje s ciljem maksimalizacijedohotka. U radu je u razdoblju od 2000.-2007. godine analizirano stanje, organiziranost i značaj govedarstvau istočnoj Hrvatskoj. Odabranim matematičko-statističkim metodama analizirani su prosječan broj krava prema agrarnoj strukturi, proizvodnja mlijeka po kravi, te ukupna proizvodnja i otkup mlijeka.



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UTJECAJ KRUPNOĆE MLJEVENJA I TIPA ENDOSPERMA NARUMINALNU IN VITRO PROBAVLJIVOST ŠKROBA

EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE AND ENDOSPERM TYPE ON RUMINAL IN

VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF STARCH

Kiš, G., Grbeša, D., Kljak K.

Zavod za hranidbu domaćih životinja, Sveuč ilište u Zagrebu - Agronomski fakultet

Mehanička obrada, odnosno mljevenje zrna u hranidbi preživača ima značajan utjecaj na mjesto probaveškroba i posljedično zdravlje i proizvodne rezultate goveda. Naime, fermentacijom škroba u buragu dobije se

manje energije nego njegovom hidrolizom u crijevima. Nadalje, burna fermentacija škroba u buragu možedovesti do zdravstvenih smetnji kao što su acidoze, nadam i laminitisi dok se njegovom hidrolizom ucrijevima izbjegavaju navedene smetnje. Dobro je poznato da škrob brašnastog endosperma više i bržefermentira u buragu nego škrob caklavog endosperma kukuruza. Isto tako, škrob fino mljevenog zrnakukuruza je probavljiviji u buragu nego škrob krupno mljevenog zrna. Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi utjecajkrupnoće mljevenja i caklavosti endosperma na kinetiku in vitro probavljivosti suhe tvari zrna kukuruza u buragu.

U istraživanju smo koristili dva hibrida kukuruza: jedan u tipu tvrdunaca koji je sadržavao 78 %caklavog endosperma i drugi u tipu zubana koji je sadržavao 54% caklavog u ukupnom endospermu. Udjelcaklavog endosperma određen je ručnom disekcijom zrna, dok su uzorci mljeveni mlinom na veličinu čestica1, 2,5 i 5 mm. In vitro probavljivost hibrida kukuruza provedena je prema potpuno automatiziranoj, in vitro plinskoj metodi po Cone i sur. (1996), a obrada podataka pomoću statističkog paketa SAS (2002.).

Dobiveni rezultati dinamike proizvodnje plina pokazuju da se suha tvar tvrdunca sporije (P≤0,0005) probavlja u buragu nego suha tvar zubana (tablica 1). Isto tako, neovisno o tipu endosperma, suha tvar sitnijemljevenog zrno kukuruza se brže probavlja u prva tri sata probave. Međutim, krupnije mljeveno zrno se potpunije probavi nakon 20 sati inkubacije u buragu.

Tabela 1. Prosječne vrijednosti i značajnost pojedinih parametara tvorbe plina u odnosu na tip endosperma ikrupnoću meljave zrna kukuruza

tip endosperma GP1 (A1) GP2 GP3 B1 A2 B2 A3 B3

T 27.01 319.80 381.86 2.40 292.79 9.35 64.21 22.03

Z 34.15 341.07 409.92 1.70 306.92 9.08 73.61 26.09

P≤ 0.001 ns 0.05 0.005 ns ns 0.05 ns

krupnoća meljave GP1 (A1) GP2 GP3 B1 A2 B2 A3 B3

1.0 mm 34.55 336.46 392.39 1.95 301.91 8.56 59.15 25.74

2.5 mm 31.12 334.59 396.59 2.11 303.46 9.08 65.23 23.52

5.0 mm 27.21 323.00 399.07 2.06 295.79 9.83 79.98 23.29

P≤ 0.0001 ns 0.0001 0.01 ns 0.001 0.0001 ns



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T-tvrdunac, Z-zuban, GP1(A1)–tvorba plina (ml/g OT) 0-3 sata, GP2- tvorba plina (ml/g OT) 0-20 sati, GP3-tvorba plina (ml/g OT) 0-72 sati, B1- vrijeme (sati) u kojem je postignuto 50% A1, A2- tvorba plina (ml/gOT) između 3-20 sati, B2- vrijeme (sati) u kojem je postignuto 50% A2, A3- tvorba plina između 20-72 sati,B3- vrijeme (sati) u kojem je postignuto 50% A3

Odabirom tipa endosperma i krupnoće mljevenja zrna kukuruza može se manipulirati brzinom i obujmomnjegove fermentacije u buragu, odnosno crijevima a time kako zdravljem tako i proizvodnjom preživača.



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ANAEROBNA FERMENTACIJA KRAVLJEG GNOJA, SILAŽE I SJENAŽE

ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF COW MANURE, SILAGE AND HAY

Neven Voća, Tajana Krička, Vanja Janušić

Agronomski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu Zavod za poljoprivrednu tehnologiju, skladištenje i transport

Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb

SAŽETAK

Fermentirani ostatak koji ostaje nakon procesa anaerobne fermentacije i dobivanja bioplina može se koristitikao biognojivo, kao i za potrebe navodnjavanja poljoprivrednih površina. Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi razlike u

proizvodnji bioplina i kakvoći fermentiranog ostataka nakon mezofilne anaerobne fermentacije korištenjemrazličitih raspoloživih ulaznih sirovina sa farme mliječnih krava - kravljeg gnoja, silaže, sjenaže i mješavinenavedenih supstrata. Utvrđen je različit prinos bioplina i količina metana nakon anaerobne fermentacije zasvaku istraživanu sirovinu. Utvrđeno je da fermentirani ostatak u svim uzorcima, ko ji su blago kiseli doneutralni, sadrže biogene elemente u umjerenoj koncentraciji sa vrijednostima teških metala u dopuštenimgranicama. U fermentiranim ostacima su pronađeni mezofilni i termofilni mikroorganizmi, dok kriofilnihnije bilo.

Ključne riječi: bioplin, fermentirani ostatak, kemijske analize, bakteriološke pretrage.

ABSTRACT

Fermented residue, obtained after anaerobic digestion, can be used as a biofertilizer, as well as for purposesof amelioration. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in quality of fermented residue after amesophylic anaerobic digestion, when using different raw materials from milk cow farm – cow manure,silage, hay and mixture of these substrates. It was determined that all fermented residues were mildly acidicto neutral, and contain biogenic elements and heavy metals in concentrations allowed. Moreover, mesophylicand thermophylic microorganisms were found in the samples, while there was no presence of criophylicmicroorganisms.

Keywords: biogas, fermented residue, chemical analyses, bacteriological

______________________________ Faculty of Agriculture University of Zagreb, Department for Agricultural Technology, Storing and Transport, Svetošimunska cesta

25, Zagreb, Croatia; E-mail: [email protected]



82

EKONOMIČNOST RADA MLINA ČEKIĆARA PRI USITNJAVANJUKUKURUZA I SOJINE SAČME

ECONOMICAL LABOUR OF HAMMERMILS IN THE CASE OFGRINDING OF CORN AND SOYABEAN PELLETS

1Vlado Kušec, 1Silvije Jerčinović, 2Stjepan Pliestić

1Visoko gospodarsko učilište u Kri ževcima2 Agronomski fakultet – Zagreb, Zavod za poljoprivrednu tehnologiju, skladištenje i transport

SAŽETAK

U radu je prikazana ocjena ekonomske učinkovitosti rada mlina čekićara pri usitnjavanju kukuruza isojine sačme. Na temelju podataka dobivenih anketom za trogodišnje razdoblje izračunati su pokazateljienergetske potrošnje s tri različito istrošena čekića. S ekonomskog aspekta, ako se uzme u obzir odnos cijenaradnih elemenata u odnosu na cijenu utrošene energije pri usitnjavanju može se izračunati cijena usitnjavanjakod različitih istrošenosti i na taj način može se utvrditi optimalno vrijeme njihove izmjene. Pri razmatranjuekonomičnosti rada mlina čekićara potrebno je poznavati kapacitet mlina i specifičnu energetsku potrošnju, ašto je i istraženo u ovom radu.

SUMMARY

This paper appreciates hammer mill economic efficacy at grinding process of corn grains andsoybean pellets. Under three year carried out survey's data it has been calculated value of energyconsumption for three diferent worn-out types of hammer mill. From economical ponint of view, regardingmutual influences of working element's price and energy price used for material grinding, it is possible tocalculate a grinding price for each hammer mill's worn-out condition, and therefore, define optimalreplacement period of particular hammer mill. Analysing hammer mill's economic efficacy, it is necessary toknow mill capacity, as well specific energy consumption, which have been investigated in this paper.



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FIZIKALNE OSOBINE PRAŠINE U PROIZVODNJI KRMNIH SMJESA

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GRAIN DUST IN FEED PRODUCTION

Stjepan Pliestić1 , Dubravko Filipović2 , Nadica Dobričević1 ,Sandra Voća1 , Vlado Kušec3

Agronomski fakultet – Zagreb1 Zavod za poljoprivrednu tehnologiju, skladištenje i transport

2 Zavod za mehanizaciju3Visoko gospodarsko učilište - Križevci

SAŽETAK

U proizvodnom postupku krmnih smjesa stvaraju se znatne količine prašine koja je izuzetno opasna zastvaranje eksplozivne smjese. Rukovanje zrnjem ili krmnim smjesama dovodi do potencijalne opasnostistvaranja eksplozivne smjese prašine.Fizikalna svojstva prašine određivana su na tri vrste materijala (pšenica, kukuruz, soja). Uzorci ispitivane prašine bili su uzimani iz sustava za otprašivanje tvornice krmnih smjesa. Radom su obrađena slijedećafizikalna svojstva prašine: udjel čestica prašine ispod 100 m u cjelokupnoj količini prašine, gustoća u rahlorasutom stanju, veličina čestica prašine i njena raspodjela, te površina čestica.

SUMMARY

A dust explosion occurs when particles suspended in the air ignite and burn rapidly, causing a violentincrease in pressure. In the production procedure of feeds has come into being considerable quantities of finedust particles which are exceptionally dangerous for the creation of explosive mixture.Physical properties of grain dust derived from three grain types (wheat, corn, soybean) were measured andreported. The grain dust were obtained from dust collection systems in feed facility. The physical propertiesreported were as follows: percent dust fractions less than 100 m of whole dust, bulk density, particle sizedistribution and surface area measurements.



84

KEMIJSKI SASTAV I IN VITRO PROBAVLJIVOST DIJELOVA BILJKEŠEST HIBRIDA KUKURUZA

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OFDIFFERENT PARTS OF MAIZE PLANT

Grbeša, D., Svečnjak Z.*, Kiš. G.

Zavod za hranidbu domaćih životinja, Sveučilište u Zagrebu - Agronomski fakultet *Zavod za specijalnu proizvodnju bilja, Sveučilište u Zagrebu - Agronomski fakultet

Silaža cijele biljke kukuruza glavno je voluminozno krmivo većine obroka visokomliječnih krava iintenzivno tovljene junadi u Hrvatskoj, pa je izuzetno važno poznavanje čimbenika koji utječu na njenkemijski sastav i probavljivost. Dobro je poznat utjecaj zrelosti biljke kukuruza, hibrida, sadržaja suhe tvari imehaničke prerade na hranjivost silaže kukuruza. Međutim, biljka kukuruza se sastoji od stabljike, lista,oklaska, komušine i zrna koji su vrlo različite građe i kemijskog sastava, a u literaturi je malo istraživanja orazlikama između hibrida u sadržaju i hranjivosti pojedinih dijelova biljke kukuruza. Cilj ovoga rada jeutvrditi sadržaj proteina i vlakna, in vitro probavljivost stabljike, lista, zrna, oklaska i komušine, te njihovudjel u suhoj tvari cijele biljke šest hibrida kukuruza.

Udjel pojedinih dijelova u cijeloj biljci kukuruza utvrđen je na deset normalno razvijenih biljaka zasvaki od šest hibrida (FAO grupe 400 do 700) sa šest ponavljanja proizvedenih na jednoj lokaciji istomagrotehnikom. Sadržaj sirovog proteina je određen Kjeldahl postupkom prema AOAC (1995.) normativima,

u neutralnom detergentu topiva vlakna (NDV) po metodi Van Soest i sur. (1991.), a škrob hidrolizom pometodi AACC (1976.). In vitro probavljivost suhe tvari dijelova biljke kukuruza određena je ANKOMmetodom 48 h inkubacijom uzorka u DaisyII inkubatoru. Statistička obrada podataka rađena je statističkim paketom SAS (2002.).

Istraživani hibridi kukuruza se ne razlikuju (P>0,05) po udjelu pojedinih dijelova u cijeloj biljcikukuruza (tablica 1). Očekivano, svi hibridi sadrže najviše zrna pa stabljike, a najmanje oklaska i komušine.Koncentracija sirovog proteina u cijeloj biljci je obrnuto razmjerna sadržaju vlakana, najviša je u zrnu i listua najmanja u oklasku, stabljici i komušini. Hibridi se razlikuju po sadržaju proteina i vlakana u oklasku,stabljici i škrobu u zrnu, a što je odraz vegetacijske grupe sazrijevanja. Utvrđena je, između hibrida,signifikantna razlika in vitro probavljivosti suhe tvari svih dijelova i cijele biljke kukuruza osim stabljike.Probavljivost opada s porastom koncentracije vlakana, osim u stabljici koja je vjerojatno niska zbog visokogudjela lignina i drugačije građe vlakana.



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Tablica 1. Postotni udjel dijelova cijele biljke, sadržaja proteina i vlakana u suhoj tvari te in vitro probavljivost dijelova biljke kukuruza

DIO BILJKE Udio Sirovi protein NDV - vlakna ŠkrobIn vitro

probavljivost

Komušina 8,08 3,85 79,24 0,05 - 53,55 0,05

List 15,70 8,75 66,70 - 50,04 0,001

Oklasak 7,05 2,25 0,05 83,44 0,0001 - 49,19 0,0001

Stabljika 25,02 2,38 0,05 71,88 0,05 - 44,55

Zrno 43,25 9,06 11,12 70,77 0,05 80,76 0,05

Cijela biljka 100,00 6,38 45,91 30,59 0,05 64,77 0,05

Vrijednosti označene razinom signifikantnosti (P≤) pokazuju razlike između hibrida kukuruza, dok se ostalevrijednosti statistički ne razlikuju

Dobiveni rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da, iako se hibridi ne razlikuju po udjelu pojedinih dijelova u suhojtvari biljke, signifikantno se razlikuju (P>0,05) po kemijskom sastavu i još više in vitro probavljivosti suhetvari dijelova biljke.

Literatura:

1. AACC, 1976. Approved Methods of the AACC: Method 76-11. American Assotiation of Cereal Chemist. St. Paul, MN, USA2. AOAC, 1995. Official Methods of Analysis, Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 16th Edition. Washington DC, USA3. SAS Institute. 2002. SAS user˙s guide: Statistics. SAS Inst., Cary, NC.4. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson, and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch

polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583– 3597



86

KRMNA VRIJEDNOST SMJESE OZIMOG GRAŠKA I PŠENICE URAZLIČITIM ROKOVIMA KOŠNJE

FORAGE VALUE OF WINTER PEA/WHEAT MIXTURE AT DIFFERENTCUTS

Mirko Stjepanović 1 , Ranko Gantner 1 , Svetislav Popović 2 , Tihomir Čupić 2 , Mladen Knežević 3 , MarinaVranić3

1 Poljoprivredni fakultet u Osijeku, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, [email protected] 2 Poljoprivredni institut Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek

3 Agronomski fakultet u Zagrebu, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb

SAŽETAK

Ozimi krmni grašak sorta Osječki zeleni sijan je 15. listopada 2006 zajedno sa pšenicom sorta Barbara naPoljoprivrednom Institutu Osijek. Košnja smjese je obavljena 20. i 24. travnja i 2., 8. i 21. svibnja 2007.Prinos zelene mase smjese je rastao s rokom košnje od 48.57 t ha-1 u prvom roku do 57.33 t ha-1 u zadnjemroku. Udio graška u smjesi je bio od 42.0 do 53.2 %. Prosječna visina graška je bila od 65.7 cm u prvomroku do 150.2 cm u zadnjem roku košnje. Prosječna visina pšenice je bila od 36.9 cm u prvom roku do 80.9cm u zadnjem roku. Udio lista u prinosu suhe tvari graška kretao se od 58.9 % u prvom roku do 41.1 % uzadnjem roku košnje, dok je udio lista kod pšenice bio od 46.1 % u prvom roku do 25.3 % u zadnjem rokukošnje. Procijenjeni prinos bjelančevina smjese prema Stjepanoviću i sur. (2007) i DLG-u (1997) se kretaood 927 kg ha-1 u prvom roku do 1353 kg ha-1 u zadnjem roku. U prinosu bjelančevina procijenjeno je učešće

graška od 56.1 do 67.2 %.

ABSTRACT

Winter forage pea variety Osječki zeleni was seeded on 15th October 2006 in mixture with winter wheatvariety Barbara on Agricultural Institute Osijek. Mowing was executed on five terms: 20th and 24th Apriland 2nd, 8th and 21st May 2007. Forage yield was increasing trough the mowing sequence from 48.57 t ha -1

at 1st cut to 57.33 t ha-1 at last cut. Pea partition in the mixture was from 42.0 to 53.2 %. Average plantheight of pea was from 65.7 cm at 1st cut to 150.2 cm at last cut. Average wheat height was from 36.9 cm at1st cut to 80.9 at last cut. Leaf partition in pea dry matter yield was from 58.9 % at 1st cut to 41.1 % at lastcut, while the leaf partition in wheat dry matter yield was from 46.1 % at 1st cut to 25.3 % at last cut.Mixture protein yield estimation according to Stjepanović et al. (2007) and DLG (1997) was from 927kg ha-1

at 1st cut to 1353 kg ha-1 at last cut. Pea partition in protein yield was estimated from 56.1 to 67.2 %.



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MINERALNI SASTAV ZELENE MASE I SIJENA SA PODRUČJADIVČIBARA

MINERAL COMPOSITION OF THE GREEN MASS AND HAY FROMDIVCIBARE REGION

Milena P. Krstić, Radmila Marković, D.Šefer, Z.Sinovec

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

The quality and contents of same minerals were followed in the grass and hay from different localities of Divcibare. Samples were taken from three different altitudes up to 250m above sea level, from 250m to550m above sea level and over 550m above sea level. Twelve samples of grass early bloom were taken, andafter mowing, samples of hay were also taken from the same meadow. The samples were prepared fromashes and determined by using atomic absorption spectrofotometry (AAS) in the analysis of macro- andmicro-elements, while the content of phosphorus was determined by application of standard methods.Average content of calcium in the grass amounted 5.85 g/kg, phosphorus 2.41 g/kg, magnesium 2.47 g/kg,sodium 0.93 g/kg and potassium 10.35 g/kg of dry substance. In the samples of hay content from thosemacroelements ranged same way were 6.65, 1.56, 1.54, 0.80 and 10.76 g/kg. Average content of iron in thesamples of grass from Divcibare region amounted 171.87 mg/kg, copper 5.12 mg/kg, zinc 21.67 mg/kg,manganese 63.97 mg/kg and selenium 17.17 g/kg of dry substance. The average amount of iron 169.43mg/kg, 4.75 mg/kg copper, 19.65 mg/kg zinc, 113.29 mg/kg manganese and 28.02 g/kg selenium were

found in the hay from the same localities.

Key words: grass, hay, minerals



88

UTJECAJ GNOJIDBE DUŠIKOM, VREMENA KOŠNJE I DOSIJAVANJANA PRODUKTIVNOST PRIRODNOG TRAVNJAKA

SIGNIFICANCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER, TIME MOWING ANDUNDERSOWING ON THE PRODUCTION OF NATURAL GRASSLAND

Čivić H., Alibegović-Grbić Senija, Bezdrob M.

Poljoprivredno-prehrambeni fakultet Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina(Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)

SAŽETAK

U Bosni i Hercegovini travnjaci predstavl jaju značajan izvor kabaste stočne hrane. Način korištenja,eksploatacija i produktivnost travnjaka u B i H je u najvećoj mjeri na niskom nivou. U cilju postizanja veće produktivnosti i bolje kvalitete krme sa prirodnih travnjaka proveden je ogled u periodu od 2002.-2005.godine. U ovom ogledu praćen je utjecaj gnojidbe dušikom (0, 30, 60, 80 kg N/ha), vrijeme kosidbe ili fazerazvoja biljaka pri kosidbi (H-klasanje trava i F-cvjetanje trava) i mjera podsijavanja (A-bez podsijavanja iB-sa podsijavanjem i to sa ježevicom Dactylis glomerata i smiljkitom Lotus corniculatus).

Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da postoji statistički opravdana mogućnost podizanja produktivnostikrme i njene kvalitete pod utjecajem dušične gnojidbe (60 i 80 kg N/ha) i vremena kosid be-faze razvoja biljaka. Značajnog utjecaja mjere podsijavanja na produktivnost krme sa prirodnog travnjaka nije bilo.

ABSTRACT

Grasslands in Bosnia and Herzegovina present the more important source of voluminous forage for cattle and sheep. Extensive management and grassland production in Bosnia and Herzegovina are on the lowlevel. The research was performed in the period between 2002. and 2005. The aim of this research was toinvestigated of influence nitrogen fertilization (0, 30, 60, 80 kg N/ha), stage of plant growth at harvest (H-heading stage and F-flowering stage), and undersowing on the improving yield and quality of forage.Variants of undersowing were withaut undersowig-A and with undersowing-B (Dactylis glomerata andLotus corniculatus).

The research results can be shown, there are significantly influence of nitrogen fertilization (60 and80 kgN/ha) and stage of plant growth at harvest on the yield and quality of forage. There is not significantlyinfluence of measure undersowing on the more production forage.



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SADRŽAJ D-TRIPTOFANA U ALKALNO PROBAVLJENOM MESNOMBRAŠNU

D-TRYPTOPHAN CONTENTS OF ALKALINE DIGESTED MEAT FLOURS

1 Lóki, K., 2 Kalambura, S., 1 Mándoki, Zs., 3 Kricka, T., 1 Pohn G., 4 Albert, Cs., 1Csapó-Kiss, Zs., 1,3Csapó, J.

1University of Kaposvár, Faculty of Animal Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry2 Polytechnic College Velika Gorica

3University of Zagreb, Agricultural Faculty4Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Csíkszereda Campus, Department of Food Science

In the last couple of years the aim of our researches has been the determination of the tryptophanenantiomers in different biological samples, with special respect to feeding stuff raw materials. We havedeveloped a method for the determination of the tryptophan enantiomers by HPLC, in which diastereomerswere formed from the tryptophan enantiomers with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA)/ 1-thio-β-D-glucose tetraacetate (TGTA) derivatizing reagent mixture, and the derivatives were separated on a non-chiral column, in areversed-phase liquid chromatographic system.Amino acids were released from proteins by hydrolysis with p-toluenesulfonic acid in order to avoidracemization. In order to reduce decomposition of tryptophan, 3- indole-propionic acid was used as protecting agent in the same amount as the expected protein content of the sample weighed in. By this incase of samples with high protein content we obtained a recovery of above 90% for tryptophan.We wanted to examine the change in the Trp content of alkaline treated meat flour samples, as well as the

racemization of Trp content as a result of the treatments. The original aim of the treatments was to find outwhether it is possible to kill the microorganisms that are possibly present in the sample and destroy other substances that can be harmful to the health, by such a treatment, and so to make the meat flour suitable for feeding stuff application purposes. The treatments were done using sodium and potassium hydroxidesolution, respectively, for 2, 3 and 6 h at 135, 150 and 153 ºC.Based on the obtained results it can be established that even the half of the tryptophan content candecompose as a result of the treatments. Due to the strongly alkaline circumstances the racemization isalmost complete for the remaining tryptophan content. Thus, it can be said that even if this method is suitablefor the destruction of the health damaging materials, it has to be taken into consideration that both loss of tryptophan and racemization is substantial. We must also assume that similar results would be obtained alsofor other amino acids.

Keywords: tryptophan, enantiomer, p-toluenesulfonic acid, 3- indole-propionic acid, meat flour



90

SEPARACIJA I ODREĐIVANJE SELENOAMINOKISELINA U HRANI IKRMIVIMA POMOĆU IONSKO-IZMJENJIVAČKE KROMATOGR AFIJE

SEPARATION AND DETERMINATION OF SELENOAMINO ACIDS INFOODS AND FEEDING STUFFS BY ION-EXCHANGE

CHROMATOGRAPHY

Zs. Mándoki1 , Cs. Albert 2 , G. Pohn1 , Sz. Salamon2 , Zs. Csapó-Kiss1 , J. Csapó1,2

1University of Kaposvár, Faculty of Animal Science, Kaposvár, H-7400 Guba S. u. 40.2Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, RO-530104, Libertatii 1., Miercurea-Ciuc

The biological role of selenium, considered as a mere toxic element for a long time, was discovered in thesecond half of the last century. Selenium is an important part of the antioxidant system of the organism, andis mainly active in the form of selenoenzymes. E.g. the glutathione peroxidase that protects the unsaturatedlipids by catalysing the peroxide decomposing reaction. Normally, selenium intake during daily meals is notconsiderable, therefore selenium supplementation of foodstuffs is strongly recommended by the modernnutrition science. As the different chemical forms of selenium differ substantially from each other in toxicity,absorption ability and utilization in the human and animal organism, it is important to know what chemicalforms selenium is present in the foods and feeding stuffs. Organic selenium compounds like the selenoaminoacids selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocysteine (SeCys), have an especially important role. It is veryimportant for experts dealing with both food science and feeding stuffs, the determination of concentration of these compounds in foods and feeding stuffs.We have carried out separation of selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocystine (SeCys2) standards using ion-exchange column chromatography (IEC). We have investigated the possibility of determining SeMet andSeCys2 in oxidized form after oxidation with performic acid, according to the commonly used procedure inthe case of the sulfur amino acids, methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys). Using differenttemperature/duration combinations, it was experienced that the selenoamino acids were rather sensitive tooxidative effects, with SeCys2 found to be more sensitive than SeMet. Oxidation led to no usable stabileoxidized forms, so this method found to be inapplicable for the selenoamino acids. As biological samples areusually subjected to hydrolysis before a chromatographic analysis, we also examined the effect of hydrolysis performed with various hydrolysis acids on the selenoamino acids. While hydrochloric acid, commonly usedfor protein hydrolysis, caused complete deterioration of both selenoamino acids, p-toluenesulfonic acidappeared to be an appropriate hydrolysing agent. We also examined a selenic yeast nutritional supplementary product, containing selenium in the form of SeMet, subsequent to a hydrolysis with p-toluenesulfonic acid. It

was experienced, however, that beside the big peaks of the amino acids present in the samples, SeMet did notgive a well-evaluable peak due to its small concentration. Separation has to be further enhanced.

Keywords: selenoamino acids, selenomethionine, selenocysteine, selenocystine, ion-exchangechromatography (IEC)



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FIZIKALNO-KEMIJSKE KARAKTERISTIKE FOSFATA U KRMIVIMAKAO KRITERIJ NJIHOVE KLASIFIKACIJE

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF FODDER PHOSPHATESAS A CRITERION OF THEIR CLASSIFICATION

Dorota Jamroz1 , Z. Wzorek 2 , Agnieszka Gajda-Janiak 1 , Z. Kowalski2

1Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences2Technical University of Cracow; Institute of Chemistry and Inorganic Technology

In second part the results of investigations on the phasal composition and thermal analysis of fodder phosphates are presented.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The phasal composition of fodder phosphates allows to identify the true composition and purity of phosphates. Analysis of the diffraction picture of the Roentgen irradiation (X-rays) of evaluated phosphatesallow to separate the different forms of phosphates and to evaluate their crystallization degree. With thismethod it is also possible to identify the original compounds used for phosphate production that should not be present in the final product. The phasal composition of phosphates was estimated with X-rays methodusing diffractometer X’Pert of Phillips equipped with the graphite monochromator PW 1752/00 with theradiation of CuK α at the angle range of 2Θ 10-60 at the Institute of Chemistry and Inorganic Technology of the Technical University of Cracow.In carried experiment the X-rays diffraction with the dust method of Debye – Scherer – Hull was used. This

method depends on the irradiation with X-rays of polycrystallic sample made from the crystals placed in theaccidental ways but meets the condition of Bragg’s interference. X rays irradiation is induced by the properlychosen lamp depending on the predicted composition of examined sample. Anthicathode must be made fromthe material which no induce the fluorescent X-ray radiance in the atoms of the analysed secondary material.The thermal analysis of fodder phosphates allows the most precise determination of the real content of thecrystalline phases - the percentage share of the hydrated and unhydrated phases as well as of unprocessedmaterials. In the method is possible to determine the changes occuring in the sample according to thetemperature function. This depends on the simultaneous registration of the changes of sample weight (the TGand dTG) and its energy (the DTA) in the temperature/time function. The result of measurement - thetermogram, contains the graph of the relationship of the sample weight and the temperature (TG) and its firstderivative (dTG) as well as the DTA curve. The thermal differential analysis of phosphates has beenconducted at the Institute of Chemistry and Inorganic Technology of Cracow Technical University using theSDT 2960 Simultaneous DTA - DTG apparatus of the TA Instruments in the air atmosphere. Themeasurements were executed in the temperature range of 20-1000 °C (1773K), with the constant speed of temperature rise by 20 °C/min. There the 150 samples of fodder phosphates were analysed. Collected datawere classified according to the composition of the crystalline phases. Among the monocalcium phosphatesthe 6 and among of dicalcium phosphates 5 groups that were characterized by the different share of particular phases, were identified. Here the most characteristic fodder phosphates and the X-ray photographs as well asthe results of thermal analysis are presented.

RESULTS

The most of the examined monocalcium fodder phosphates contain mainly the hydrated calcium

dihydrophosphate Ca (H2PO4)·H2O with a small amount of dehydrated hydrophosphate CaHPO4 (Fig. 1).The high content of the monocalcium phosphate cause a high solubility and on the same way improves the



92

absorption of the commercial products. Among the dicalcium phosphates the occurence of three groups of products were stated. These are: preparations containing only hydrated calcium hydrophosphatesCaHPO4·2H20 (Fig. 2), mixture of both hydrated and dehydrated calcium hydrophosphates (Fig. 3) andfinally the mixture of dehydrated calcium hydrophosphate and unprocessed calcium carbonate. High contentof the dehydrated form, especially unprocessed calcium carbonate can decrease the solubility of fodder phosphates and in consequence the limitation of the commercial fodder phosphates utilization.

Fig. 1. Roentgenogramme and the result of the thermogravimetric analysis of monocalcium phosphate – mixture of hydrated monocalcium phosphate with dehydrated dicalcium phosphate



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Fig. 2. Roentgenogramme and the thermogravimetric analysis of dicalcium phosphate



94

Fig. 3. Roentgenogramme and the result of the thermogravimetric analysis of dicalcium phosphate – mixtureof hydrated and dehydrated phospahte



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Fig. 4. Roentgenogramme and the thermogravimetric analysis of dicalcium phosphate – the mixture of dehydrated dicalcium phosphate and calcium carbonate



96

OCJENA KVALITETE KRMNIH FOSFATA NA TEMELJU NJIHOVOGKEMIJSKOG SASTAVA I TOPLJIVOSTI

EVALUATION OF THE FODDER PHOSPHATES QUALITY ON THE BASISOF THEIR CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND SOLUBILITY

Agnieszka Gajda-Janiak 1 , Dorota Jamroz1 , Z. Wzorek 2

1Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences2Technical University in Cracow, Institute of Chemistry and Inorganic Technology

SUMMARY

The recognition of the real requirement of animals for the phosphorus and the precise balancing of it in theconcentrate mixtures and diets with the considering of the availability of P from the raw feed componentsand mineral compounds is the subject of numerous investigations. The low degree of P utilization from the plant feeds require to use in animal nutrition the mineral sources of this element – phosphates. The bigdiversification of their origin, chemical composition and availability of phosphorus can lead to the seriousmistakes in the supplying of animal’ organism with this ingredient important for metabolism processes.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The wide research on the evaluation of the chemical, physico-chemical and biological value of the fodder phosphates available on the feedstuffs market were executed. The results were treated as a basal data for evaluation of the criterion of their usefulness in the monogastric animals nutrition. In the first part of

investigations the wide range of changes of chemical composition and degree of phosphorus releasing (P 2O5)from the fodder phosphates with using of different solvents are presented. The samples of fodder phosphateswere collected at the period of 2005-2006. 255 samples were taken from the 14 Polish fodder firms and from9 feed manufacturers. In the samples of phosphates the following evaluations were executed:

- content of total phosphorus calculated on P2O5 (according to Polish Norm PN -88/C-87015 Artificialfertilizers). The content of phosphorus was evaluated using Specol 11 apparatus with the differential- photometric method.

- content of calcium (according to Polish Norm PN-R-64803:1997 Fodder phosphates).- content of phosphorus in phosphates calculated on P2O5 using four different solvents: water, 0,4 %

hydrochloric acid, 2% aqueous solution of citric acid and aqueous solution of neutral ammoniumcitrate. The granulated phosphates were examined for the dissolubility in the granulated form as wellas in the mash form (size of particles below 0,1 mm). The analyses were done in accordance withPolish Norms: PN-R-64803 "the fodder phosphates - the method of phosphates evaluation" and PN -88 / C -87015 "The artificial fertilizers - the method of investigations of phosphates content".

In 20 samples of phosphates selected to the biological tests and in 12 samples characteristic for particular groups of the monocalcium, dicalcium, tricalcium and calcium-magnesium phosphates the harmful chemicalelements were determined: Cd, Pb, Hg, As, F. The investigations were executed in the Chemical Laboratoryof the Multi-element Analysis of the Technical University of Wrocław. Analysis of As, Cd, Pb wereexecuted with the plasma spektrometer with mass detection ICP-MS managed by the computer aggregatedwith the analytical system UltraMass 700 (Varian). The analysis of Hg content was executed using theanalyser AMA - 254, spektrometer of atomic absorption used for direct estimation of mercury content insolid and liquid samples with accurate to 0,1 ppb of mercury in studied sample. The content of fluorides (F)was estimated with ionometric method using the apparatus ORION RESEARCH type EA -940.



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RESULTS

The content of harmful chemical elements in the examined phosphates was within the limits of allowableconcentrations of undesirable substances in feeds, published in the Regulations of the Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Development (23 January 2007) related to the Feed Law (22.07.2006, No144, pos.1045). Thecontent of elements in examined samples were as follows: As 2.8-9.8 mg/kg; Cd <0.01-8.6; Hg 0.0016-0.095; Pb 0.46-17.0; F 0.100-0.228.

The characteristics of chemical composition of fodder phosphates

Size of the phosphate particles

(mm)

P-P2O5

total, %Ca %

Contents of P expressed in % of soluble P2O5 Soluble P2O5 (%) in total P2O5 (%)

in water in 2%

citric acidin 0,4%

HCl

inammoniumcitrate pH

7

water 2% citric

acid0,4% HCl

ammoniumcitrate pH 7

1-Ca 1,0-0,5 andcrumbled 0,1-0.01

52,0-54,0 16,1-17,9 38,7-48,9 47,9-53,3 49,5-53,7 41,4-53,8 80,7-82,1 96,9-98,3 98,5

93,6-97,11-Ca 0,5-0,2 and

crumbled 0,1-0.0149,3-54,5 15,1-18,8 28,7-47,4 42,5-53,8 45,6-55,6 24,9-58,0 74,8-77,4 96,6-97,6 97,6-98,9

1-Ca 0,2-0,1 andcrumbled 0,1-0.01

49,0-52,4 15,7-22,4 28,7-47,4 48,5-52,2 30,8-52,0 48,3-51,7 77,2-77,6 98,0-98,1 94,8-97,7

2-Ca 0,5-0,1 andcrumbled 0,1-0.01

39,0-54,8 23,2-26,6 0,0-25,3 31,9-49,0 36,4-46,1 18,9-47,0 6,4-7,4 98,4-98,5 78,7-81,6

70,3-85,1

2-Ca 0,1-0.01 38,7-46,6 22,8-28,2 0,0-25,3 31,9-48,0 29,3-42,6 22,8-46,6 1,4 50,9 92,2

3-Ca 0,1-0.01 41,4-43,4 34,1-35,6 0,2-1,3 15,7-24,2 10,0-20,9 1,4-13,1 1,3 50,6 44,1 23,1

Ca-Mg 1,0-0,2 andcrumbled 0,1-0.01

32,2-35,1 0,9-1,1 2,9-10,4 21,1-33,1 10,6-24,4 19,4-33,0 13,0-25,8 73,6-95,7 41,8-56,2 79,3

1-Na 1,0-0,2 andcrumbled 0,1-0.01

53,5-57,4 0,1-0,9 45,3-52,2 47,2-52,7 47,2-56,0 43,6-56,1 86,9-89,6 89,9-90,9 47,7 90,2

Na-Ca 1,0-0,01 andcrumbled 0,1-0.01

42,8-43,8 31-31,8 0,0-0,1 10,6-22,7 8,7-21,2 8,6-17,5 0,1-0,2 25,1-49,8 26,9 27,7



98

DUGOROČNI NADZOR HOMOGENOSTI KRMNIH SMJESA OD STRANEDRŽAVNIH TIJELA

LONG-TERM MONITORING OF HOMOGENEITY OF COMPOUND FEEDIN THE GOVERNMENT SUPERVISION

Sławomir Walczyński, Waldemar K orol


The paper presents main foundation of instruction entitled Homogeneity evaluation of compound feed on a base of the level of a key component mixing, which was elaborated in National Feed Laboratory (KLP) inLublin. The instruction has been accepted by competent authority and was verified at inter-laboratorycomparisons from 2005 to 2007. In project took a part several licenced laboratories to investigations inframes of official supervision as well as reference laboratory KLP. The laboratories marked in samples of serial feed mixtures the content of calcium and chlorides. Feeds were estimated for poultry, pigs and cattle inthe form of powder, granules and crumbles. All laboratories achieved results of mixing levels (variabilitycoefficients) below 10%, which is an critical value. Mean values of variability coeffcients of results weren’thigher than 4% for chlorides and 3% for calcium. Reproducibility limit for results of mixing level andexpanded uncertainty were estimated, too. Competence of laboratories participanting in the testing andrefering to the legal control of compound feed homogeneity was confirmed. From 2006 to 2007 was conduct

a research homogeneity programme for compound feed in Poland. Inspection results confirmed acceptablequality of compound feed in this scope.

Key words: inter-laboratory comparison, compound feed, homogeneity



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POTREBA STANDARDIZIRANJA EKSTRAHIRANOG SJEMENJAULJANE REPICE KAO NUSPROIZVODA U PROIZVODNJI BIOGORIVA

THE NEED FOR STANDARDIZATION OF RAPESEED EXPELLER AS ABY-PRODUCT FROM BIO-FUELS PRODUCTION

Grażyna Bielecka, Jolanta Rubaj, Waldemar Korol


A chemical composition and nutritional value of rapeseed expeller available on a domestic market asfeed by-product at bio-fuels production was determined. Principle nutrients were analyzed: dry matter, crudeash, total protein, crude fat, and crude fiber, as well as starch, sugar, and fiber fractions; metabolism energywas then estimated. Achieved results were compared to literature data as well as to current requirementsstated in legal acts. Study results indicate the need for standardization of rapeseed expeller in reference to fatcontent. Amino acid composition of proteins from rapeseed expeller appeared to be similar as in literature.Concentrations of microelements: iron, manganese, zinc, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, and selenium in mostcases were similar to literature data. Contents of undesired and hazardous substances such as heavy metalsand other elements (As, F), mycotoxins (OTA, DON, ZEA) and pesticide remains appeared to be many timeslower than permissible limits, which confirmed that studied mechanically extracted rapeseed are valuableand safe feed material.

Key words: rapeseed expeller, nutrients, undesired substances, standardization



100

KOMPARACIJA ELISA I TLC/HPLC METODA ZA ODREĐIVANJE ZEA IOTA U ŽITARICAMA I KRMI

COMPARISON BETWEEN ELISA AND TLC/HPLC METHODS FOR DETEMINATION OF ZEARALENON AND OCHRATOXIN A IN FOOD

AND FEED

Maja Šegvić Klarić, Stjepan Pepeljnjak, Zdenka Cvetnić, Ivan Kosalec

Zavod za mikrobiologiju, Farmaceutsko-biokemijski fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu,Schrottova 39, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska, E-pošta: [email protected]

SAŽETAK

Fusarium i Penicillium vrste plijesni javljaju se kao najučestaliji kontaminanti žitarica u području umjereneklime. Posljedično se mikotoksini zearalenon (ZEA) i okratoksin A (OTA) često nalaze u takvim supstratimau većim ili manjim koncentracijama ovisno o načinu pospemanja usjeva, skladištenju i mikroklimatskimuvjetima. Cilj rada je bio odrediti pojavnost ZEA i OTA tijekom 2007. godine u nasumično uzorkovanimuzorcima žitarica i krmiva (N=37) u individualnim domaćinstvima na području endemske nefropatije (EN) uHrvatskoj.Za određivanje ZEA i OTA korišten je kompetativni direktni ELISA test (Veratox) prema preporukama proizvođača Neogen Europe Ltd. te modificirana metoda visokoučinkovite tekućinske kromatografije(HPLC) prema Frisvad i Thrane (1987). Usporedbom metoda određene su granice detekcije i kvantifikacijete korelacije sadržaja ispitivanih mikotoksina.ZEA je dokazan u 94,6% uzoraka u rasponu od 12,5 g/kg do 1168 g/kg (srednja koncentracija 320 g/kg),dok je OTA nađen u 16% uzoraka s rasponom od 2,5 g/kg do 31,7 g/kg (srednja koncentracija 9,8 g/kg).Ko-kontaminacija je utvrđena u 13,5 % uzoraka. Utvrđene vrijednosti ZEA i OTA u hrani i krmivu su ispodnajvećih dopuštenih količina prema Pravilniku (NN 118/2007) te odgovaraju i preporukama Europskekomisije (EC/576/2006) i EC/1881/2006) Usporedbom metoda, utvrđeno je da najniži prag detekcije imaELISA, a slijedi ju HPLC. Utvrđene koncentarcije mikotoksina statistički znajačno koreliraju između ELISAi HPLC metode. Prednost ELISA metode je u jednostavnosti izvedbe (pogotovo za veliki broj uzoraka),osjetljivosti, ekonomskoj isplativosti te ekološkoj prihvatljivosti. Prednost HPLC metode je u analizi višemikotoksina u jednom uzorku.



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MOGUĆNOSTI ODREĐIVANJA SELENOAMINO KISELINA U HRANI IHRANJIVIM SASTOJCIMA POMOĆU TEKUĆINSKE

KROMATOGRAFIJE

POSSIBILITIES OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATIONOF SELENOAMINO ACIDS AND ITS FOOD AND FEEDING STUFF

ANALYTICAL ASPECTS

Zs. Mándoki1 , G. Pohn1 , Cs. Albert 2 , Sz. Salamon2 , Zs. Csapó-Kiss1 , J. Csapó1,2

1University of Kaposvár, Faculty of Animal Science, Kaposvár, H-7400 Guba S. u. 40.2Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, RO-530104, Libertatii 1., Miercurea-Ciuc

Determination of the amount of the selenoamino acids contained in foods and feeding stuffs is of greatimportance as explained in our previous paper. An increased sensitivity can be achieved compared to ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This isessential since selenoamino acids occur in the biological samples in a much lower (by several orders of magnitude) concentration than the common protein-component amino acids. Accordingly, subsequent to our IEC examinations, we have performed reversed-phase liquid chromatography of the selenoamino acids usingfluorescence detection. First we tried to separate selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocystine (SeCys2) on aC18 column applying a gradient elution with a methanol/sodium acetate buffer eluent after a precolumnderivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) and 2-mercaptoethanol. SeMet was well separated, SeCys2

however, similarly to Cys2, did not form fluorescencently active derivative with the reagent. UV detectionwas not possible due to its low sensitivity. For these reasons, SeCys2 was not further examined. The sameexperiment was carried out using OPA/2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid derivatization. A selenic yeastnutritional supplementary product, containing selenium in the form of SeMet, subsequent to a hydrolysiswith p-toluenesulfonic acid was also examined and SeMet gave an evaluable peak. As separation anddetermination of the enantiomers of the selenoamino acids can also be of interest similarly to the common proteinic amino acids, DL-SeMet was chromatographed after precolumn derivatization with OPA and theoptically active 1-thio-â-D-glucose tetra acetate (TGTA) on a C8 column applying a gradient elution with athree-component eluent mixture consisting of methanol/acetonitrile/phosphate buffer. The enantiomersseparated practically well. Further HPLC investigations are in process which can be reported later.

Keywords: selenoamino acids, selenomethionine, selenocysteine, selenocystine, ion-exchangechromatography, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography



102

HRANIDBENA VRIJEDNOST UVOZNIH KRMIVA U REPUBLICIMAKEDONIJI

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF IMPORTED FEEDSTUFFS IN REPUBLIC OFMACEDONIA

Cilev G1., Palaševski B1., Gjorgjievski S 2., Gjorgovska Nataša1 , Levkov Vesna1

1 Institut za stočarstvo, Zavod za hranidbu dom. životinja, Skopje, Makedonija2 Fakultet agronomskih nauka i hrane, Katedra za stočarstvo, Skopje, Makedonija

SAŽETAK

Različita hraniva i obroci domaćih životinja sadrže različite materije, koje se u toku metabolizma uorganizmu životinja trebaju transformirati u određene proizvode (mlijeko, meso, jaja, vunu i dr.). Ciljhranidbe je da omogući što efikasniju konverziju hraniva u različite proizvode, korisne za hranidbu čovjeka.Zbog toga poznavanje kemijskog sastava i hranjive vrijednosti različitih hraniva predstavlja osnovu za praktičnu primjenu znanja u pripremi hrane i formulaciji obroka.

U radu su prikazani rezultati kemijskih analiza 400 uzoraka koncentriranih stočnih hraniva iz uvoza.Utvr đena su značajna odstupanja u kvaliteti od Pravilnika za kakvoću stočne hrane Sl. list 15/89 (važećegPravilnika u Republici Makedoniji).

Ključne riječi: proteini, masti, minerali

SUMMARY

Different nutrients and meals of the domestic animals contain different substances, which, during themetabolism in the animal organism, should produce certain products (milk, meat, eggs, wool, etc.) The aimof the feeding is to provide the most effective conversion of the nutrients into different products useful for human nutrition. Therefore, the knowledge of the chemical composition and nutritive value of differentfeedstuffs represent the basis for the practical appliance of the knowledge for the preparation of food andformulation of the meals.

In this paper, the results of the chemical analysis of 400 concentrated animal feed, samples, fromimport, are shown. Significant quality deviations were reported in comparison to the Official Gazete no.15/89 (valid rule book in Republic of Macedonia).

Key words: proteins, fat, minerals

______________________________ 1Institute for animal husbandy, Department for animal nutrition, Skopje, Macedonia2Faculty of agriculture sciences and food, Department for animal husbandy, Skopje,Macedonia



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REZULTATI SLUŽBENE KONTROLE HRANE ZA ŽIVOTINJE UPROCJENI RIZIKA

OVERVIEW OF THE OFFICIAL CONTROL RESULTS OF FEED FOR THEPURPOSE OF RISK IDENTIFICATION

Andrea Gross- Bošković1 , Danijela Petrović1 , Martina Jurković1 , Sanja Miloš 1 , T. Florijančić2 , I. Bošković2

1 Hrvatska agencija za hranu, I. Gundulića 36b, 31000 Osijek 2 Poljoprivredni fakultet Sveučilišta J.J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, Trg Sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek

SAŽETAK

Posljednjih godina, uvođenje pristupa kojim se promatra cjelokupni lanac hrane, koji prepoznaje nužnostopskrbe zdravstveno ispravnom hranom, pripomogao je i naglašavanju važnosti zdravstvene ispravnostihrane za životinje koja se nalazi na samom početku lanca.Uloga hrane za životinje u proizvodnji zdravstveno ispravne hrane (pre)poznata je širom svijeta. Razvoj poboljšanih postupaka proizvodnje hrane za životinje kao i razvoj metoda uzorkovanja i analitičkih tehnikanužni su kako bi se postigli odgovarajući standardi u području zdravstvene ispravnosti hrane za životinje.Istovremeno, razvoj u području primjene okvira za analizu rizika omogućio je bolje razumijevanje utjecaja potencijalnih opasnosti porijeklom od hrane za životinje na zdravstvenu ispravnost hrane te u konačnici na javno zdravstvene probleme. Stoga su potrošači u današnje vrijeme svjesni kakav utjecaj po ljudsko zdravljemože imati zdravstveno neispravna hrana za životinje.Budući da hrana za životinje jedan od glavnih načina kojima opasnosti po ljudsko zdravlje mogu dospjeti u

lanac hrane, njihova se zdravstvena ispravnost mora temeljito ispitati i procijeniti sa stajališta rizika. Navedene opasnosti mogu biti biološke, kemijske i fizikalne, a svaka od njih povezana je sa točno određenimizvorom kontaminacije i putem izloženosti. Budući da je lista potencijalnih opasnosti velika, te svakodnevnoraste, potrebno je uključiti multidisciplinarni pristup u svrhu procjene rizika.Kako bi pravilno procijenili rizik, prvi korak koji je potrebno učiniti je identifikacija rizika koja se temelji na prepoznavanju i utvrđivanju svih neželjenih tvari i mikroorganizama koji mogu biti prirodno prisutni u hraniili uneseni naknadno za vrijeme proizvodnje, manipulacije ili transporta.Detaljna i precizna saznanja o izvorima i učestalosti bolesti porijeklom od hrane, preduvjet su za poduzimanje konkretnih mjera u svrhu smanjivanja rizika za zdravlje. Iz tog razloga, u mnogim zemljamanedostatak pouzdanih podataka o izvorima bolesti prenosivih hranom i hranom za životinje predstavljaključan problem prilikom provođenja sustava nadzora u svrhu upravljanja rizikom.Kako se zbog približavanja članstvu u Europskoj Uniji Hrvatska intenzivno bavi pitanjima sigurnosti hrane prateći novi koncept modela analize rizika cijelog prehrambenog lanca „od polja do stola“, svrha ovog rada je prikazati rezultate službene kontrole hrane za životinje, ukazati na osnovne probleme i nedostatke te datismjernice za njihovo uklanjanje..

Ključne riječi: sigurnost hrane, analiza rizika, koncept „od polja do stola“



104

ABSTRACT

In the recent years, the introduction of the food chain approach, which recognizes that responsibility for thesupply of safe food, has served to highlight the importance of safety feed which is on its very beginning.The role of animal feed in the production of safe food is recognized world wide. Development of improved practises in the feed production and development of sampling and analytical techniques are necessary for achieving proper food safety standards.In the same time, development work on the application of the risk analysis framework has facilitatedunderstanding of the potential impact of animal feed safety on public health. Therefore, consumers areincreasingly aware of food safety problems which are linked with feed production.As animal feed is an important route by which hazards can be enter in the human chain, its safety must be properly assessed. Those hazards can be biological, chemical and physical. Each of them is associated with particular sources and routes of contamination and exposure. The list of potential hazards is very large andconstantly evolving. A multidisciplinary approach to risk assessment therefore is needed.In order to assess the risk, the first step that has to be done is risk identification, which is dealing withidentification of any undesirable substances and micro-organisms which may be naturally present in feed or

introduced during the production, distribution or transport.Detail and precious knowledge’s related to sources and frequencies of food borne diseases in order toundertake concrete measures for reducing health risks are necessary. For that reason, insufficient number of reliable data related to source of food or feed borne illnesses presents major problem for implementation of control systems and risk management in many countries.In order to prepare for the accession to European Union as good as possible, Croatia is intensively workingon food safety issues following the new concept of risk analysis throughout the whole food chain „from farmto fork“, and the main purpose of this paper is to present the results of official control of feed, point out onmain problems and shortages and give a few suggestions how to minimise them.

Key words: food safety, risk analysis, „from farm to fork“ concept

______________________________ 1Craotian food Agency, I. Gundulića 36b, 31000 Osijek, Croatia2 Faculty of Agriculture, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijeku, Trg Sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia



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KAKVOĆA SVINJSKIH POLOVICA KR IŽANACA PIETREN I HEMPŠIR PASMINE

PIG CARCASS QUALITY OF PIETREN AND HAMPSHIRECROSSBREEDS

Tatjana Jelen1 , D. Marenčić1 , V. Pintić1 , Nataša Pintić Pukec2

SAŽETAK

Proizvođači svinjetine proteklih godina imaju značajne probleme u plasmanu svinjetine, prvenstvenoobzirom na učestalu pojavu blijedog, mekanog i vodenog mesa (BMV) i iz razloga što se sve više traži, i više

plaća, tovljenik bolje kakvoće mišićnoga tkiva za tzv. specijalnu namjenu (pršut, kulen, spec. kobasice). Ciljovog istraživanja je uvođenjem novoga genotipa (HPxPI) po očevoj strani, poboljšati kakvoću mišićnogatkiva novostvorenih križanaca.

Istraživanje je provedeno na pet obiteljskih gospodarstava s područja Koprivničko-križevačkežupanije. U klaonicama je ispitana kakvoća mišićnoga tkiva (n=200) križanaca, s majčine strane ŠLxVJ,očeva HPxPI, žive mase 100 kg, mjerenjem pH1, pH2 vrijednosti i boje (L*,a*,b*) u m. gracilis.

U ukupnom uzorku meso poželjne kakvoće prema pH1 imalo je 87% polovica, odnosno 84% polovica prema pH2 (PIC 1997). Pojava BMV mesa zabilježena je prema pH1 u 10% polovica, odnosno 14% polovica prema pH2 u ukupnom uzorku (PIC 1997).

Prosječne utvrđene vrijednosti boje mesa u ukupnom uzorku bile su L*42,92, a*19,37, b*5,08. Najbolju vrijednost boje imale su polovice petog gospodarstva (L*42,56, a*19,43, b*4,74). Najbolja kakvoća polovica, prema (S)EURO standardu, bila je na prvom gospodarstvu sa 23,18% polovica S klase i 52,79%

polovica E klase.

SUMMARY

In the last few years producers of pork have had great problems with distribution of pork, related primarily to frequent appearance of Pale, Soft, Exudative meat (PSE). The reason of these is because market puts more emphasis and pays more money for high quality meat, especially for spec. sausages, ham. The aimof this research is bringing in new father's genotype (HPxPI) to improve meat quality of newly formedcrossbreeds.

The research included five family farms from Koprivničko-križevačka county. Meat quality pH1, pH2

value and colours (L*,a*,b*) were measured in slaughterhouse at n=200 crossbreeds (live weight 100kg)from mother's side SLxLW, father's side HPxPI in m. gracilis. In total sample 87% carcasses had desirablequality toward pH1 value while toward pH2 only 84% carcasses (PIC 1997) were within desirable quality.Out of all samples, only 10% carcasses toward pH1 and 14% toward pH2 had Pale, Soft, Exudative meat(PSE) (PIC 1997).

Average value in total sample were L*42,92, a*19,37, b*5,08 and the best results were found in thefifth family farm (L*42,56, a*19,43, b*4,74). The best carcass quality, according to (S)EURO standard, wasin the first family farm with 23,18% carcasses of S class and 52,79% carcasses of E class.

______________________________ 1Dr.sc. Tatjana Jelen, Dejan Marenčić, dipl. ing, Dr. sc. Vinko Pintić, - Visoko gospodarsko učilište u Križevcima, M. Demerca 1;2 Nataša Pintić Pukec, dr.vet.med. - HSC - Središnji laboratorij za kontrolu kvalitete mlijeka, Križ. Poljanka 147. Hrvatska-Croatia



106

UTJECAJ VREMENA ODBIĆA NA PROIZVODNE KARAKTERISTIKEPRASADI I TOVLJENIKA

THE INFLUENCE OF AGE OF WEANING ONTO PRODUCTIVECHARACTERISTICS OF PIGLETS AND PORKERS

1Gjorgjievski, S., 2 Ana Murgjieva- Mijakova, Violeta Bočvarova, Sonja Efremova, 3 M. Trajčev i 4G. Cilev

SUMMARY

The aim of this research was to estimate the influence of age of weaning onto productive results of piglets

and porkers (body live weight, daily gain, feed consumption and feed conversion). First group of piglets wasweaned on 21 day, and the second at 28 days of age. Two trials were performed: in the weaning unit, withduration of 47 days and in the fattening unit with duration of 92 days. The difference was only its age of weaning. The feed mixtures were with suitable composition and nutritive value, and were similar for bothgroups.The results showed significantly inferior productive characteristics at the group which was weaned on 21days of age.

Key words: piglets, porkers, age, productive results-body live weight, daily gain, feed consumption, feedconversion.

______________________________ 1 Fakultet agronomskih nauka i hrane, Skopje – Makedonija, 2 Agria group, Veles – Makedonija, 3 Fakultet agronomskih nauka ihrane, Skopje – Makedonija, 4 Institut za stočarstvo, Skopje – Makedonija



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OČEKIVANI I OPAŽENI PRIRASTI ŽIVE VAGE TE KOLIČINE KRMEPOTREBNE UKUPNO, POTROŠIVE ZA UZDRŽAVANJE, RASPLOŽIVE

ZA PROIZVODNJU I POLOŽIVE PRAŠČIĆIMA

EXPECTED AND OBSERVED GROWTH RATES AND THE QUANTITIESOF FEED REQUIRED TOTALLY, CONSUMABLE FOR THE

MAINTENANCE, AVAILABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION AND POSSIBLEGIVEN TO PIGLETS

M. Sviben

SAŽETAK Bilo je objavljeno (Sviben, 1995), koliko je svinjama potrebno položiti krme po danima života od 15. do 217. – te je bilo navedeno, kolike prosječne žive vage mogu postići svinje stare 21-217 dana, ako ih 7-12 u oboru,na nepropusnom podu, bez stelje, u djelomice prikladnom mikroklimatu hrane obročno ili po volji, krmomkoja sadrži malen do normalan udio bjelančevina. Zanimalo nas je, da li praščići pri odbiću poslije četiritjedna dojen ja, na kraju razdoblja prihvata te na kraju razdoblja othrane postižu žive vage očekivane pri primjeni opisane metode krmljenja svinja, koja je bila obilježena kao metoda A. Radi navedenoga prikupljeni su podaci o živim vagama praščića pri odbiću s navršenih 27 (n = 75), 28 (n = 53) odnosno 29 (n= 53) dana pa nakon 30 dana, kada je isteklo razdoblje prihvata – te u dobi od 70, 71 odnosno 72 dana, kada je po isteku razdoblja othrane prasad bila iz odgajališta premještena u tovilište. Prikupljeni podaci obrađenisu statističkim postupcima. Srednje vrijednosti za živu vagu odojaka na kraju dojenja opažene pri odbiću

nadmašile su prosječne težine tjelesa očekivane pri primjeni metode krmljenja A. Na kraju razdoblja prihvataopažene srednje vrijednosti za živu vagu praščića bile su manje nego očekivane pri primjeni metodekrmljenja A. Prigodom premještaja prasadi iz odgajališta u tovilište, na kraju razdoblja othrane, prosječnevrijednosti za težine tjelesa bile su gotovo jednake očekivanima pri primjeni metode k rmljenja A. Prirastižive vage tijekom razdoblja prihvata prasadi bili su manji nego očekivani (-29,92%, -22,44% odnosno – 15,17%), pošto je količina krme položive praščićima bila manja od količine krme potrebne po metodikrmljenja A (-19,12%, -16,62% odnosno -12,73%). Prirasti opaženi u razdoblju othrane prasadi nadmašili suočekivane prosječne vrijednosti za 26,22%, 31,29% odnosno 35,92%. Za podjednake postotke (23,82%,27,89% ili 32,08%) količine krme položive praščićima tokom razdoblja othrane nadmašile su količine potrebne ukupno po metodi krmljenja A. Odojci, koji su pri odbiću bili teži nego što se je moglo očekivati da budu, nisu bili takvi na kraju prihvata i na kraju othrane zbog toga što u toku razdoblja prihvata nisu dobivalitoliko krme, koliko im je bilo potrebno za uzdržavanje i za proizvodnju. Praščići mogu postići težine tjelesa

do kraja četvrtoga i do kraja desetoga tjedna života, kolike su predviđene pri primjeni metode krmljenja A.Veće težine tjelesa prasadi mogu biti postignute primjenom drugih metoda krmljenja.



108

UTJECAJ HRANIDBENOG TRETMANA NA KARAKTERISTIKE RASTASVINJA

INFLUENCE OF FEEDING REGIME ON PIG GROWTHCHARACTERISTICS

D. Vincek 1 , Ivona Đurkin2 , Gordana Kralik 2 , A .Petričević, U. Baulain 3 , G. Kušec2

SAŽETAK

Istraživanje karakteristika rasta svinja u različitim hranidbenim tretmanima provedeno je na 35 kastrata,

četverostrukih križanaca Pietrain x Hampshire nerastova s krmačama velikog jorkšira x njemački landras.Svinje su bile podijeljene u dvije skupine s obzirom na razinu hranidbe: intenzivnu (ad libitum) i restriktivnuu kojoj su svinje hranjene po volji do približno 70 kg žive težine (17 tjedana starosti), a nakon toga im jeunos hrane bio ograničen. Intenzivna skupina svinja dobivala je 13.8 MJ ME/kg hrane i 17,5% sirovih bjelančevina u početnoj fazi te 13,8 MJ ME/kg hrane i 15,0% sirovih bjelančevina u završnoj fazi tova.Svinje iz restriktivne skupine bile su hranjene prema naputku njemačkog programa za hibridne svinje(BHZP) prema kojemu su dobivale u prvih 17 tjedana (~70kg žive težine) hranidbe po volji 13,0 MJ ME/kghrane i 17,5% sirovih bjelančevina; dok su u drugoj fazi tova bile hranjene restriktivno smjesom koja jesadržavala 13,0 MJ ME/kg i 15,0% sirovih bjelančevina. Unos energije bio je ograničen na 34,0 MJ ME nadan. Svinje su bile vagane jednom na tjedan, a podaci o rastu mišićnog i masnog tkiva dobiveni sudobivanjem slika pomoću magnetno rezonante tomografije (MRI). Statistička analiza parametara asimetričneS-funkcije pokazala je značajne razlike između sigmoidnih krivulja rasta žive težine i volumena masnog

tkiva svinja iz dvaju hranidbenih tretmana. Međutim, razlike između tih svinja nisu bile statistički značajnekada je u pitanju mišićno tkivo. Kombinirajući informacije dobivene medeliranjem rasta žive težine imišićnog tkiva izračunat je optimalna klaonička težina istraživanih svinja, 130 kg za svinje iz intenzivneskupine i 114 kg za restriktivno hranjene svinje. Zaključno se može reći da je restriktivni hranidbeni tretmansvinja preporučljiviji u tovu BHZP hibrida jer intenzivna hranidba koja je značajno skuplja nije unaprijedilasvojstva rasta istraživanih svinja u smislu povećane proizvodnje mišićne mase.

Ključne riječi: svinje, sastav trupa,rast, magnetna rezonantna tomografija



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SUMMARY

The research on pig growth characteristics was conducted on 35 barrows, 4-way-crosses with a Pietrain XHampshire sire and Large White x German White Landrace dam. Pigs were divided into two groupsaccording to feeding regime: intensive (ad libitum) and restrictive. Intensive group fed with diets with energycontent of 13.8 MJ ME per kg and 17.5% of crude protein in growth phase and 13.8 MJ ME per kg and 15%of crude protein in the finishing phase, respectively. Pigs from restrictive group were fed according toGerman feeding recommendation for barrows. In the first 17 weeks (~70 kg of live weight) they pigs werefed ad libitum with diets containing 13.0 MJ ME per kg and 17.5% of crude protein. In the finishing phasethe pigs were fed restrictively. This diet contained 13.0 MJ ME per kg and 15% of crude protein. The energyintake was restricted on 34.0 MJ ME per day. The pigs were weight once a week and data on muscle andfatty tissue growth were obtained by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Statistical analysis of asymmetric S-function parameters showed significant differences between sigmoid growth curves for liveweight and fatty tissue volume of pigs from two feeding regimes. However, no significant differences werefound for muscle tissue between these groups. Optimal slaughter weight of investigated pigs was calculated

by combining information obtained from growth of live weight and muscle tissue modelling: 130 kg for pigsfrom intensive group and 114 kg for pigs from restrictive group. It can be concluded that restrictive feedingregime is more recommendable for BHZP barrows because intensive feeding, which is significantly moreexpensive, did not improve growth characteristics of investigated pigs in the sence of increased production of muscle tissue.

Key words: pigs, body composition, growth, magnetic resonance tomography

______________________________ 1Dragutin Vincek, dipl.inž.,Varaždinska županija, Frajevački trg 7, 42000 Varaždin, Hrvatska, [email protected] ,2Ivona Đurkin, dipl. ing., prof.dr.sc.dr.h.c. Gordana Kralik, prof.emeritus Antun Petričević i prof.dr.sc. Goran Kušec, - Poljoprivrednifakultet, Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Zavod za specijalnu zootehnik u, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek,

Hrvatska;3 Dr.sc.Ulrich Baulain - Institute for Animal Breeding Mariensee, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Njemačka



110

DINAMIKA IN VITRO PROBAVLJIVOSTI ŠKROBA RAZLIČITIHHIBRIDA KUKURUZA U TANKOM CRIJEVU SVINJE

KINETICS OF IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF STARCH IN SMALLINTESTINE OF PIG

Grbeša, D. , Kiš, G., Kljak, K. Grgić, G.

Zavod za hranidbu domaćih životinja, Sveučilišta u Zagrebu - Agronomski fakultet

Probavljeni škrob kukuruza glavni je izvor energije za svinje, a neprobavljeni za mikroorganizmedebelog crijeva. Svinje dobivaju energiju iz glukoze oslobođene enzimatskom razgradnjom škroba u tankom

crijevu i hlapljvih masnih kiselina sanalih mikrobiološkom fermenacijom neprobavljenog (rezistentnog)škroba u debelom crijevu. Hlapljive masne kiseline imaju za 20-30% manje energije od glukoze, ali povoljnodjeluju na zdravlje debelog crijeva, a fermentacijom rezistentnog škroba nastane dosta maslačne kiselinekoja je jedini izvor energije za stanice debelog crijeva. Sadržaj u buragu probavljivog i rezistentnog škrobaovisi o omjeru rožnatog i brašnastog endosperma u zrnu kukuruza. Kako u dostupnoj literaturi nema podataka utjecaju udjela rožnatog endosperma u različitim hibridima kukuruza na probavljivost cilj ovogarada utvrditi in vitro probavljivost škroba šest po sadržaju rožnatog endosperma različitih hibrida kukuruza.

U istraživanju smo koristili šest domaćih hibrida kukuruza različitih po udjelu rožnatog endosperma.Udio rožnatog u ukupnom endospermu određen je ručnom disekcijom 50 zrna svakog hibrida kukuruza.Simulacija probavljivost škroba u tankom crijevu svinja izvršena je in vitro enzimatskom hidrolizom škroba prema Boisen i Fernández (1997.). Hidroliza škroba do glukoze nakon četiri sata inkubacije predstavlja probavljivost u tankom crijevu. Za statističku obrada podataka korišten je programski paket SAS (2002.).

In vitro probavljivost škroba u tankom crijevu linearno raste (r=0,83) sa opadanjem udjela rožnatogu ukupnom endospermu.

Tablica 1. Rožnatost i in vitro probavljivost škroba kukuruza (%)

HIBRIDRožnati u ukupnom

endospermu (%)In vitro probavljivost

nakon 4 hHibridi sličnih probavljivosti

A 83,89 48,77 B

B 82,89 49,92 A

C 82,28 69,54 DEF

D 72,16 73,44 CEF

E 66,39 74,63 CDE

F 63,42 79,74 CEF

p≤ 0.0001



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UČINAK BUTIRATA I EKSTRAKTA Yucca Schidigeri NA KVALITETUKOSTIJU TIJEKOM RASTA PRASADI

THE EFFECT OF BUTYRATE AND Yucca Schidigeri EXTRACT ON BONEQUALITY IN DEVELOPING PIGLETS

Puzio I.1 , Valverde Piedra J.L.1 , Kapica M.1 , Bieńko M.1 , Pawłowska M.1 , Kusińska E.2 , Szymańczyk S.E.1

1 Department of Animal Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture University in Lublin

2 Department of Engineering and Food Machinery, Faculty of Production Engineering, Agriculture University in Lublin

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of Na-butyrate and extract of Yucca Schidigeri treatment onskeletal development of piglets. The study was conducted from 14 th until 56th of postnatal life. Piglets wererandomly assigned to control and experimental groups fed on the diet with addition of Na-butyrate (300g/tfeed) and extract of Yucca Schidigeri (50g/t feed). At age of 28th, 35th and 56th day of life the piglets wereslaughtered and the humera were isolated for further analysis. The bone formation and its quality weremeasurement by weight, length, BMC, BMD, physical (ultimate strength, maximum elastic strength) andgeometrical parameters. The weight and geometrical parameters such as cross-sectional area, second momentof inertia, mean relative wall thickness were significantly increased in experimental 56-d old piglets.Furthermore, experimental diet induced significantly higher BMC and BMD, and improved the mechanicalendurance of bones in terms of the moments of maximum elastic strength and maximum strength. It is

concluded that early postnatal treatment of piglets with Na-butyrate and extract of Yucca Schidigeri positively affects development and function of the bones during growth.



112

NUTRITIVNO-TEHNOLOŠKI POGLED NA UPOTREBU ULJA UZGOJENECRNJIKE (Nigella sativa) U TOVU PILIĆA

NUTRITIVE AND TECHNOLOGICAL VIEW ON USE OF BLACK SEED(Nigella sativa) OIL IN FATTENING CHICKS

Gagić Abdulah2 , Alibegović- Zečić Fahira1 , Kavazović Aida1 , Piplica Slavica1 ,C rnkić Ćazim1

Upotreba čurekotovog ulja nije uobičajna u praksi ishrane tovnih pilića, ali zbog visokog sadržaja linolne ilinolenske kiseline korišteno je u eksperimentalne svrhe u skladu sa zahtjevima ovog istraživanja. Dodavanječurekotovog ulja (1g/kg) u smješama za tov pilića pozitivno utiče na konzumaciju hrane i tjelesnu masu

(Halle i sar.1999). Cilj rada je bio ispitati uticaj dodatka čurekotovog ulja (Nigella sativa seed oil) na tjelesnumasu, prirast, konverziju hrane i proizvodni broj kod 40 pilića provenijence Cobb 500, podijeljenih u dvijegrupe (pokusna i kontrolna). Hemijskom analizom u komercijalnim smjesama za tov pilića utvrđeno je usterteru 22,41% sirovog proteina i metaboličke energije 13,56MJ/kg, u groweru 21,17% sirovog proteina imetaboličke energije 13,81MJ/kg i u finišeru 20,06% sirovog proteina i metaboličke energije 13,90 MJ/kg.Čurekotovo ulje je hemijski analizirano, a potom davano pilićima pokusne skupine po jednu kap (0,025g/piletu) per os svaki dan tokom tova.

Ključne riječi: hranidba, pilići, ulje čurekota

______________________________ 1 Katedra za hranu i ishranu životinja, Veterinarski fakultet, Sarajevo2 Zavod za peradarstvo, Veterinarski fakultet, Sarajevo



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UČINAK ULJA UZGOJENE CRNJIKE (Nigella sativa) NA IMUNOSNIODZIV PILIĆA U TOVU

THE EFFECT OF BLACK SEED OIL (Nigella sativa) ON THE IMMUNITYRESPONSE OF BROILERS

Rešidbegović Emina, Gagić A., Kustura Aida, Goletić T., Kavazović Aida

SAŽETAK

Dugogodišnje korištenja antibiotika u intenzivnoj peradarskoj proizvodnji kao stimulatora rasta i u prevenciji oboljenja, rezultiralo je stvaranjem rezidua u jajima i mesu peradi i pojavi bakterija rezistentnih naspecifične antibiotike. Iz tih razloga, u svijetu došlo je do zabrane upotreba pojedinih antibiotika, iistovremeno proizvelo potrebu za iznalažnjem njihove zamjene.

Čurekotovo ulje (Nigella sativa seed oil) se koristi kao prirodni lijek preko 2000 godina. Nigellasativa (NS) pripada familiji Ranunculacea godišnja je biljka koja uspjeva na području Mediterana, Južne iCentralne Azije a danas se takođe uzgaja i u Istočnoj Evropi. Istraživanja pokazuju da ulje čurekota posjeduje antibakterijsku, antivirusnu, antioksidativnu, imunopotentnu i hepatoprotektivnu aktivnost.Prisustvo velikog bro ja esencijalnih nutrijenata i raznovrsnost farmakoloških aktivnih supstancija čine ga pogodnim za korištenje u obrocima za perad, kao sastojak koji je dobar kao aditiv.

U našim eksperimentalim istraživanjima ispitivan je učinak dodatka čurekotovog ulja, na imuniodziv pilića. Ukupno 40 pilića proovenijence Cobb 500, podijeljeno je u dvije skupine (pokusna i kontrolna),

obje skupine pilića su vakcinisane prema utvrđenom programu imunoprofilakse, a pilići iz pokusne skupinetretirani su peroralno (0,025gr/po piletu) čurekotovim uljem svakodnevno tokom perioda tova.

Kontrola postvakcinalnog imuniteta protiv njukaslske i Gumborske bolesti testirana je kod pilića udobi od 25, 32 i 42 dana.

______________________________ Dr. Emina Rešidbegović, vanredni profesor, dr.Abdulah Gagić, redovni profesor, mr. Aida Kustura, viši asistent, mr.Teufik Goletić,viši asistent, mr.Aida Kavović, viši asistent, Zavod za peradarstvo, Veterinarski fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu.



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KLAONIČKA VRIJEDNOST ODABRANIH VRSTA PERADI

SLAUGHTER VALUES IN THE SELECTED SPECIES OF FEATHEREDGAME BIRDS

Vladimír Večerek, Nora Mas, František Vitula, Eva Straková, Vlasta Šerman, Pavel Suchý

SAŽETAK

Cilj ovog rada bila je usporedba klaoničkog randmana i randmana značajnih or gana i tkiva kod šest vrsta peradi, i to divljeg purana (Meleagris gallopavo), biserke (Numida meleagris), čukare (Alectoris chucar), japanske prepelice (Coturnix coturnix japonica), običnog fazana (Phasianus colchicus) i trčke skvržulje

(Perdix perdix). U svrhu provedbe eksperimenata od svake je vrste peradi zaklano i ispitivano 10 životinja (5mužjaka i 5 ženki). Sva je perad uzgojena pod istim uvjetima u uzgajivačnici peradi u općini Jinačovice(Češka republika) u uzgojnom centru u sklopu Veterinarskog i farmaceutskog sveučilišta u Brnu.Životinje su uzgajane u volijerama, s istovjetnim sistemom hranjenja i pojenja. Životinje su za ispitivanjeodabrane slučajnim izborom. Odabrane životinje su bile odmah nakon završenog hvatanja izvagane, zaklanei klaonički obrađene na klasičan način (slično kao kod pilića za klanje). Pozornost je posvećena posebnotežini trupa, težini vrata, težini srca, težini jetre, težini želuca, težini abdominalne masti, težini prsnih mišića,težini bataka (s kožom i bez kože), težini gornjih bataka, težini donjih bataka, težini mišića gornjih i donjih bataka (Tab. 1). Na temelju navedenih podataka izračunat je klaonički randman i randman pojedinačnihorgana i tkiva s obzirom na živu težinu pojedinih životinja (Tab. 2). Iz dobivenih r ezultata proizlazi (grafički prikazi 1 – 13) da kod praćenih pokazatelja klaoničkog randmana i randmana pojedinačnih organa i tkiva peradi postoje značajne razlike između pojedinačnih vrsta peradi. Najveći klaonički randman utvrđen je kod

Prepelice (71,14 %), nešto niži kod Biserke (70,61 %), Običnog fazana (69,74 %), Trčke skvržulje (69,09%), Čukara (68,92 %), a najniži klaonički randman utvrđen je kod Divljeg purana (67,99 %). Razlike među prosječnim vrijednostima (P ≤ 0,05) dokazane su između Prepelice i Purana, Prepelice i Čukara, daljeizmeđu Biserke i Purana te Biserke i Čukara. Na sličan način su razmatrane i razlike među pojedinačnimvrstama peradi u pogledu praćenih pokazatelja kvalitete klaonički obrađenog trupa.




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ABSTRACT

The main aim of this study was to compare the slaughter yield and the yield of major organs and tissues inthe following six species of feathered game: wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), helmeted guinea-fowl(Numida meleagris), chukar (Alectoris chucar), Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and grey partridge (Perdix perdix). A total of 10 individual birds (5 malesand 5 females) from each species were slaughtered and analysed in January 2007 for experimental purposes.The game investigated was hatched in May and reared in 2006 in the same conditions on the feathered gamerearing farm in Jinačovice (Czech Republic) which is the experimental facility of the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno. The birds were reared in aviaries with the identical feedingand watering systems and subjected to random selection for slaughter for examination. The individual birdscaught were immediately weighed and slaughtered. The resultant carcasses were processed using aconventional method (similar to that in chickens intended for slaughter). The following parameters wereinvestigated: the weight of carcass and the weights of major organs and tissues such as the neck, heart, liver,stomach, abdominal fat, breast muscles, thighs (with skin and without skin), upper thighs, lower thighs, andthe muscles of upper and lower thighs (Table 1). The data obtained were used to calculate the yield of

carcass and the yield of individual organs and tissues, relative to the live weights of individual birds (Table2). It follows from the results (Graphs 1 – 13) that the yields of carcass and the yields of individual organsand tissues differred significantly between individual species of feathered game. The highest yield of carcasswas found in Japanese quail (71.14 %) followed by helmeted guinea-fowl (70.61 %), common pheasant(69.74 %), grey partridge (69.09 %), chukar (68.92 %), with the lowest yield of carcass being found in wildturkey (67.99 %). Statistically significant differences in the respective mean values (P ≤ 0.05) were found between the quail and the turkey, between the quail and the chukar, between the guinea-fowl and the turkey,and between the guinea-fowl and the chukar. The differences between individual species were evaluatedanalogously for other monitored carcass quality parameters.




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TOVNA OBILJEŽJA TEŠKIH HIBRIDA PURA

FATTENING CHARACTERISTICS OF TURKEY HEAVY HYBRIDS

Z. Škrtić1 , Gordana Kralik 1 , Zlata Gajčević1 , I. Križek, Danica Hanžek

SAŽETAK

Proizvodnja tovnih pura ima sve veći značaj u Republici Hrvatskoj. Pure se uzgajaju zbog lako probavljivogmesa koje sadrži visok udio bjelančevina s povoljnim aminokiselinskim sastavom. U proizvodnji puraznačajan čimbenik je i pravilan odabir hibrida koji će u ponuđenim uvjetima postići najbolje proizvodnerezultate. U radu su istaknuta tovna obilježja suvremenih teških hibrida pura najpoznatijih selekcijskih tvrtkiu svijetu: British United Turkeys (hibrid B.U.T. big 6), Nicholas (hibrid Nicholas 700) i Hybrid (hibridExtreme). Kod pura, više nego kod svih ostalih vrsta domaćih životinja posebno su izražene razlike između

spolova u tovnim obil ježjima (tjelesna težina, prirast, konzumacija i konverzija hrane). Tako su već nakon prvog tjedna tova utvrđene statistički značajne razlike (P<0,05) između mužjaka i ženki pura podrijetlom Nicholas 700. Zbog navedenih razlika i dužine tova (16.-20. tjedana) između spolova, teški hibridi pura tovese odvojeno po spolovima. Pure teških hibrida na kraju tova (16.tjedana) postižu završnu težinu od 9,94 kg(Nicholas 700) do 10,55 kg (Hybrid Extreme), uz konverziju hrane (kg hrane/kg prirasta) od 2,37 (Nicholas700) do 2,76 (B.U.T. Big 6). Hibridni purani teškog tipa na kraju tova (20.tjedan) teški su od 19,42 kg(B.U.T. Big 6) do 20,20 kg (Hybrid Extreme). Konverzija hrane u tjelesnu težinu kod purana teškog tipatijekom 20. tjedana tova je od 2,57 (Hybrid Extreme) do 2,82 kg/kg (B.U.T Big 6).

Ključne riječi: pure, tov, hibridi, tovna obilježja

SUMMARY

Production of turkeys is lately gaining on importance in Croatia. Turkeys are produced mostly because of meat which is easily digested and contains high percentage of protein with favorable amino acidcomposition. Selection of turkey hybrid is crucial in turkey production as it should be in line with particular production conditions in order to assure best possible production outcomes. This study puts emphasis onfattening characteristics of turkey heavy hybrids of the most popular selection companies: British UnitedTurkeys (hybrid B.U.T. big 6), Nicholas (hybrid Nicholas 700) and Hybrid (hybrid Extreme). Unlike other domestic animals, turkeys exhibit differences between sexes related to fattening characteristics (body liveweight, weight gain, feed consumption and conversion). In our experiment statistically significantdifferences (P<0.05) between turkey toms and hens of Nicholas 700 provenience were determined already inthe first week of fattening. Because of stated differences between sexes and duration of fattening (16-20

weeks), turkey tomes and hens of heavy hybrids are separated during fattening. At the end of fattening (16th

week) turkey hens of heavy hybrid weigh from 9.94 kg (Nicholas 700) to 10.55 kg (Hybrid Extreme), andhave feed conversion (kg of feed/kg of weight gain) from 2.37 (Nicholas 700) to 2.76 (B.U.T. Big 6). At theend of fattening (20th week) turkey toms of heavy hybrid weigh from 19.42 kg (B.U.T. Big 6) to 20.20 kg(Hybrid Extreme). Conversion of feed to live weight of turkey toms of heavy hybrid during 20 weeks of fattening is from 2.57 (Hybrid Extreme) to 2.82 kg/kg (B.U.T Big 6).

Key words: turkeys, fattening, hybrids, fattening characteristics

______________________________ 1Doc.dr.sc.Zoran Škrtić, prof.dr.sc.dr.h.c. Gordana Kralik i mr.sc. Zlata Gajčević – Poljoprivredni fakultet, Sveučilište Josipa Jurja

Strossmayera u Osijeku, Zavod za specijalnu zootehniku, Katedra za peradarstvo, svinjogojstvo i biometriku, Trg sv. Trojstva, 31000Osijek, Hrvatska, [email protected] ; 2Ivan Križek, dr.vet.med., Phoenix Farmacija d.d. Vinkovačka 61a, 31000 Osijek, Hrvatska



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UČINCI DODAVANJA SEL-PLEX®-A U HRANU ZA PILIĆE NADEPONIRANJE SELENA U TKIVIMA

EFFECTS OF SUPRA-DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF CHICKENDIETS WITH SEL-PLEX® ON SELENIUM DEPOSITION IN TISSUES

T. Acamovic1 i G. Bertin2

SAC, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, i 2 Alltech France, Levallois-Perret, France

Sadržaj mikronutrijenta selena (Se) u ljudskoj hrani i hrani za životinje od ključne je važnosti za održavanjezdravlja i dobrobiti. Previsoke razine Se u hrani, međutim, pokazuju toksične učinke i smanjene performanseu pilića. Štetni učinci po performanse pokazali su se većima kad je Se dodan u obliku neorganskih soli, u

usporedbi s istim konsentracijama dodanim u organskim oblicima selena, u prvom redu kao organskogselena u obliku Sel-Plex-a (Alltech Inc.). Nasumična blok studija provedena je s muškim i ženskim Ross pilićima hranjenim obrocima bez dodanog Se, ili obrocima s 5mg/kg Se u obliku natrij-selenita, ili u oblikuSel-Plex-a. Dodavanjem Se u obliku Sel-Plex-a povećan je ukupni sadržaj Se u tkivu za oko 25 puta. Daljnjedodavanje iznad 5 mg/kg u obr oku povećalo je ukupni sadržaj Se i sadržaj selenometionina u tkivima nogu i prsa u usporedbi s pilićima hranjenim kontrolnim obrokom i pilićima s dodanim natrij-selenitom (P<0,001).U istim tkivima, u obliku selenometionina bilo je svih 100% Se kod pilića s dodanim Sel-Plex-om, dok jesvega 30-40% Se u obliku selenometionina bilo kod pilića hranjenih uz dodatak natrij -selenita, odnosno oko60% kod pilića bez dodanog Se. Zanimljivo je da u oba tkiva, dodavanje Se nije utjecalo na selenocistin.Čini se da je mehanizam pretvorbe Se iz neorganskih soli u selenometionin i selenocistin u pilića slab, dok jedeponiranje selenometionina iz obroka učinkovito. Selenometionin i ukupni Se u oba tkiva bili su u jakojkorelaciji, pokazujući da se Se učinkovito deponira k ao selenometionin u tkivima nogu, a podjednako i u

tkivu prsa.



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The presence of the micronutrient selenium (Se) in the diets of man and animals is critical for themaintenance of health and welfare. Supra levels of Se in diets, however, show toxic effects and reduced performance in chickens. The adverse effects on performance have been demonstrated to be greater with Sesupplied as inorganic salts compared with the same concentrations supplied as organo-Se compounds, primarily as organoselenium in the form of Sel-Plex® (Alltech Inc.). A randomised block study wasconducted with male and female Ross chickens where they were fed diets containing no supplementary Se or diets with about 5mg/kg of Se either in the form of sodium selenenite or Sel-Plex. The supplementation of chicken diets with Se from Sel-Plex® increased the total Se content of tissue by about 25-fold. Further, agreater than 5 mg/kg supplementation of diets increased the total Se content and selenomethionine content of both leg and breast tissue in comparison with the birds fed the control diet and that supplemented withsodium selenite (P<0.001). In both tissues selenomethionine accounted for essentially 100% of the Se whenSel-Plex® was fed while 30-40% and about 60% of the Se was accounted for in the birds fed the dietscontaining the selenite and no supplement, respectively. It is interesting that in both tissues, selenocystinewas unaffected by the dietary supplement. It appears that the mechanism for the conversion of Se frominorganic salts to selenomethionine and selenocystine is poor within chickens while deposition of dietaryselenomethionine is effective. The selenomethionine and total Se in both tissues correlated extremely well,

demonstrating that Se is as effectively deposited in leg tissue, as selenomethionine, as it is in breast tissue.



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UČINAK SEL-PLEX®-A I VITAMINA E U OBROKU KOKOŠI NESILICANA AKUMULACIJU SELENA I VITAMINA E U JAJIMA

EFFECT OF SEL-PLEX® AND VITAMIN E DIETARYSUPPLEMENTATION OF LAYING HENS ON SELENIUM AND VITAMIN

E ACCUMULATION IN EGGS

1 I.A. Egorov, 1 N.Y. Chesnokova, 1 E.V. Ivachnick, 2T.T. Papazyan and 3 P.F. Surai

1Sveruski Istraživački Institut za Peradarstvo, Sergiev Posad, Rusija, 2 Alltech Rusija, Moskva, Rusija, 3 AvianScience Research Centre, Škotska, UK

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti utjecaj povišenih razina Se u obliku Sel-Plex®-a i njegovih

kombinacija s vitaminom E na razine Se i alfatokoferola u jajima.Sedam skupina kokoši nesilica (50 ptica u svakoj skupini) hranjeno je smjesama s različitim razinama Se ivitamina E tijekom 6 mjeseci. Kontrolna skupina hranjena je obrokom u kojem je dodano 0,2 ppm Se uobliku natrijeva selenita i 10 ppm vitamina E. Pokusni obroci sadržavali su Se u obliku Sel-Plex®-a ukoncentracijama od 0,2, 0,3 ili 0,4 ppm, a vitamin E je dodan u količini od 10, 20, 40 ili 100 ppm. Najveća proizvodnja jaja zabilježena je kod nesilica iz skupine koja je dobivala obrok s 0,3 ppm Sel-Plex®-au kombinaciji s 20 ppm vitamina E, a njihova nesivost je bila 2,5% veća nego u kontrolnoj skupini. Dalje povećanje razine vitamina E na 40 ili 100 ppm nije utjecalo na proizvodnju jaja. Dodavanjem 0,4 ppm Sel-Plex®-a u obrok, sadržaj Se u jajima je povećan s 12 na 35 μg/jajetu tijekom razdoblja od 4 tjedna. Nakontih 4 tjedna dolazi do stabilizacije razine Se u žutanjku i bjelanjku, te se ona nije značajno mijenjala tijekomsljedećih 5 mjeseci pokusa. Uočen je i trend povećanja razine Se u jajima uslijed povećanja koncentracijevitamina E. Na temelju ove studije, može se zak ljučiti: Uključenjem 0,4 ppm Se u obliku Sel-Plex®-a u obroku kokošinesilica moguće je proizvesti jaja koja sadrže Se na razini 50% od preporučenih dnevnih potreba.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of increased Se supplementation in the form of Sel-Plex® and its combination with vitamin E on Se and alpha-tocopherol concentrations in eggs.Seven groups of laying hens (50 birds in each group) were fed diets containing different levels of Se andvitamin E for 6 months. The control group were fed a diet supplemented with 0.2 ppm Se in the form of sodium selenite and with 10 ppm vitamin E. Experimental diets were supplemented with Se in the form of Sel-Plex® at 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4 ppm; vitamin E supplementations were 10, 20, 40 or 100 ppm.The highest egg production was observed in laying hens fed 0.3 ppm Sel-Plex ® in a combination with 20

ppm vitamin E being 2.5% higher than that in the control group. Further increases in vitamin Esupplementation to 40 or 100 ppm did not affect egg production. With 0.4 ppm Sel-Plex® supplementation of the diet, the Se content in the egg increased from 12 up to 35 mg/egg over a period of 4 wk. After this 4-wk- period, the Se concentration in the egg yolk and egg white stabilized and did not change significantly for thenext 5 months of the experiment. There was also a trend towards increased Se level in the egg due toincreased vitamin E supplementation.The conclusion can be made, based on results of this study: By the inclusion of 0.4 ppm Se in the form of Sel-Plex® into the diet of commercial laying hens it is possible to produce eggs containing about 50% RDAin Se.

______________________________ 1

All-Russian Research Institute of Poultry Farming, Sergiev Posad, Russia,2

Alltech Russia, Moscow, Russia and3

Avian ScienceResearch Centre, Scotland, UK



120

UTJECAJ BILJNOG ADITIVA "ZEOFEED" NA PRODUKTIVNOSTNESILICA

THE EFFECT OF A HERBAL ADDITIVE "ZEOFEED" ONPERFORMANCE PARAMETERS IN LAYERS

Pavel Suchý, Nora Mas, Eva Straková,Vlasta Šerman, Vladimír Večerek

SAŽETAK

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je praćenje učinka biljnog aditiva dodanog u komercijalne krmne smjese za kokošinesilice u količini od 1 % na proizvodnju jaja. Biljni aditiv sastojao se od tri biljne komponente: srebrnastog

petolista (Potentilla argentea L.), paprene metvice (Menta piperita L.) i kamilice (Matricaria chamomilla L.).Kao vezivo korišteno je glatko pšenično brašno. Pokus je bio proveden u eksperimentalnom centru Zavodaza hranidbu, zootehniku i zoohigijenu Veterinarskog i farmaceutsk og sveučilišta u Brnu (Češka republika).Istraživanje je realiziran kao zajednički projekt u suradnji sa Zavodom za hranidbu Veterinarskog fakultetau Zagrebu (HR).Hibridne kokoši BOVANS držane su pojedinačno u tri etažna kaveza a hranu i vodu dobivale su ad libitum.U pokusu su korištene ukupno 72. kokoši nesilice raspodijeljene na pokusnu skupinu (36 kokoši, u smjesedodan biljni aditiv) i kontrolnu skupinu (36 kokoši, u smjese nije dodan biljni aditiv). Tijekom istraživanja(280 dana) nesilice su hranjene kompletnim komercijalnim krmnim smjesama N1 i N2. Tijekom pokusasvakodnevno su sakupljana snesena jaja, koja su označena i izvagana s točnošću od 0,01 g. Količina i masa jaja praćene su od 1. do 40. tjedna nesivosti. Tijekom tog razdoblja kokoši pok usne skupine snijele su 8 689 jaja, a kokoši kontrolne skupine 8 360 jaja. Prosječna masa jaja pokusne skupine kokoši iznosila je 60,29 g, a

kontrolne 60,64 g. Razlike u prosječnoj masi jaja u obje skupine kokoši nesilica nisu bile statistički značajne(P ≤ 0,05). Međutim, učinak biljnog aditiva dodanog u smjese za pokusne kokoši nesilice na porastintenziteta proizvodnje jaja bio je pozitivan. Kod pokusnih kokoši iznosio je 91,45 % u odnosu na 87,40 %kod kokoši kontrolne skupine. Razlika u prosječnim vrijednostima intenziteta proizvodnje jaja bila jestatistički vrlo značajna (P ≤ 0,01). Tijekom cijelog trajanja istraživanja svakodnevno je praćeno zdravstvenostanje kokoši nesilica pokusne i kontrolne skupine. Tijekom cijelog istraživanog razdoblja nisu zamijećeniklinički znakovi bolesti, a zanemarivo mali broj uginuća (3 nesilice iz pokusne i 3 nesilice iz kontrolneskupine) ne može se dovesti u vezu s dodatkom biljnog aditiva u krmne smjese pokusnih kokoši nesilica.

Ovaj rad dio je istraživalačkog projekta po nazivom “Veterinarski aspekti sigurnosti i kakvoče hrane” (broj MSM6215712402) finansiranog od Ministarstva Education, Youth, and Physical Training Češke republike.

______________________________ Prof. dr. sc. Pavel Suchý, Prof. dr. sc. Eva Straková, Zavod za hranidbu, zootehniku i zoohigijenu, Fakultet za veterinarsku higijenu iekologiju, Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveučilište Brno, Češka republika., Prof. dr. sc. Vladimír Večerek; Zavod za veterinarsko javno zdravstvo, Fakultet za veterinarsku higijenu i ekologiju, Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveučilište Brno, Češka republika.

Prof. dr. sc. Nora Mas, Prof. dr. sc. Vlasta Šerman, Zavod za hranidbu, Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska



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ABSTRACT

The present study investigated the effect of the continuously administered feeding mixture supplementedwith 1 % of a herbal additive on egg production in utility layers. The premix was prepared using three herbalcomponents originating from the following species: silver cinquefoil (Potentilla argentea L.), mint (Menta piperita L.), and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Plain flour served as a carrier. The experiment was performed in the experimental enclosure of the Institute of Nutrition, Zoo-technology, and Zoo-hygiene of the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno (Czech Republic). The study was a joint project conducted in cooperation with the Veterinary Faculty in Zagreb (Croatia).BOVANS hybrid hens were reared individually in three-floor cages and received the feeding mixture anddrinking water ad libitum. A total of 72 layers included in the experiment were divided into two groups:experimental group (36 hens) and control group (36 hens). The layers were fed commercially availablefeeding mixtures N1 and N2. In the course of the experiment, the eggs collected from individual layers everyday were marked and weighed at the accuracy of 0.01 g. The monitoring performed from Day 1 to Day 40 of the laying period revealed that experimental and control layers laid 8,689 and 8,360 eggs, respectively. Theaverage weight of eggs was 60.29 g in the experimental group and 60.64 g in the control group. No

statistically significant differences between both groups were found in the mean weight of eggs. The herbaladditive used had a beneficial effect on the laying rate in experimental layers which increased to 91.45 % ascompared to control layers (87.40 %). The difference between the mean laying rates tested highly conclusive(P ≤ 0.01). Both experimental and control layers showed good health throughout the experiment, showing noclinical symptoms of any disease. A total of 6 layers died during the experimental period in both groups, i.e.3 layers died in the experimental group, and 3 layers died in the control group.

This work was part of the Research Plan of the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Physical Training of the

Czech Republic No. MSM6215712402 “Veterinary aspects of food safety and quality“

______________________________ Prof. Ing. Eva Straková, Ph. D., Prof. MVDr. Pavel Suchý, CSc., Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, Dep. of Nutrition,Zootechnic and Zoohygiene, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, the Czech Republic; Prof. MVDr.Vladimír Večerek, CSc., Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, Dep. of Veterinary Public Health and Toxicology, Universityof Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, the Czech Republic

Prof.dr.sc. Nora Mas, DVM., Prof.dr.sc. Vlasta Šerman, DVM, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dep. of Animal Nutrition,University of Zagreb, Croatia



122

UTJECAJ DODATKA TREONINA NA PROIZVODNE REZULTATETOVNIH PILIĆA

THE EFFECT OF THREONINE SUPPLY ON BROILER PERFORMANCE

J. Tossenberger 1 , A. Lemme2 , G. Gyurcsó, L. Babinszky1

1 Kaposvár University, Department of Animal Nutrition, H-7400 Kaposvár, POB 16, Hungary2 Evonik Degussa GmbH, Feed Additives, Marketing –

Animal Nutrition Service Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau, Germany

The objective of our studies was to examine the effect of different dietary threonine levels on the weight

gain, feed intake, feed to gain ratio (FCR) and breast meat yield of broiler chicken. The trial was set up with128 ROSS-308 hybrid roosters per treatment from 14th to 35th day of age. The AMEn, crude protein, TFD(true faecal digestible) lysine, methionine+cystine, arginine, valine, and isoleucine contents of the trial dietswere identical across all treatments [13.4 MJ/kg; 200 g/kg, 10.9, 8.1, 12.0, 8.8 and 7.7 g/kg, respectively],while their TFD threonine content was different. The diet in Treatment 1 contained no threonine (Thr)supplementation, whereas the base diet was supplemented with 0.6, 1.1, 1.7 and 2.3 g/kg L-Thr inTreatments II, III, IV and V, respectively. Consequently the TFD Thr content of the trial diets was 5.9, 6.4,6.9, 7.5 and 8.1 g/kg respectively, which represented 54%, 59%, 64%, 69% and 74% of the TFD lysinecontent of the base diet. Body weights were recorded at day 14 and 35. Feed consumption and feed to gainratio of the birds was determined for the experimental period. Breast meat yield was determined in 15 birds per treatment. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (SAS, 2004). In case of a significant treatment effectdifferences among treatments were verified by LSD test. P<0.05 was considered significant. In addition, the

dose-response relationship between the dietary Thr levels and the weight gain of the birds was analyzed byregression analysis (SAS, 2004).Threonine supplementation of treatments II,, II, IV and V increased weight gain of the birds by 54, 89, 133,and 100 g compared to a weight gain of 1623 g in treatment I. The highest final body weight (2166 g) wasthus achieved by birds fed the diet containing 7.5 g/kg TFD Thr (Treatment IV). The live weight of these birds surpassed the live weight of birds fed the diet without threonine supplementation by 6.6 %, and waseven by about 3.8 % higher than that of birds in Treatment II (P0.05). The response to graded dietary Thr toweight gain of the birds can be described by an exponential equation (r 2=0.91) which suggested 7.4 to 8.0g/kg TFD Thr as optimum level (90 to 95 % of asymptotic response). Increasing dietary threonine increasedslightly feed intake. The difference between the feed intake of the birds was only found to be significant between Treatments I and III and between Treatments I and V (P0.05). Consequently, treatments had only

small but significant influence on FCR of the birds (P0.05). Breast meat yield increased with the lowest Thr supplementation (Trt II, P0.05). Higher L-Thr supplementation had no additional effect. Based particularlyon weight gain results of our trial, optimum dietary TFD Thr content were between 7.4 to 8.0 g/kg for broilers from 14 to 35 days of age fed and housed under conditions described above. These TDF Thr levelscorrespond to TDF Thr to TDF Lys ratios of 69 %and 75 %.



KRMIVA 2008

123

UTJECAJ INDUCIRANOG MITARENJA NA HORMONALNI STATUSIZLUČENIH KOKOŠI NESILICA

INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL MOLTING ON HORMONAL STATUS OFAMORTIZING LAYING HENS

Natasha Gjorgovska1 , Kiril Filev2 , Rossitza Konakchieva3

1 PSi Institute of Animal Science, ul. Ile Ilievski br. 92a, Skopje, Macedonija, e-mail:[email protected]

2 Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, bul. Aleksandar Makedonski bb, Skopje, Macedonija, e-mail: [email protected]

3 Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction "Acad. K. Bratanov", Sofia, Bulgaria, e-mail:[email protected]

SUMMARY

Physiological mechanisms of reproduction, in the artificial molting period, are not enoughinvestigate. From the obtain investigations is known that induction of molting with total restriction of feed,initiate drastically decrease of body weight, decreasing of gonad tropic and sex hormones concentration in plasma and increasing thyroid hormone concentration.

Aim of this investigation was to establish changes of the level of folicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone and progesterone from hens of two genotypes: ISA Brown 88 weeks aged and HisexBrown 91 weeks aged in specific points of molting period.

From the obtain results we can see that hormonal status of hens during the experimental period

significantly was changing because the FSH concentration of blood plasma in preparing period of molting is60.48 ng/ml, 62.36 ng/ml and 76.26 ng/ml for third, first and second group, after the period of stress it wassignificantly decreasing and is 23.38 ng/ml, 25.16 ng/ml and 44.59 ng/ml, and in the second egg laying cyclethe concentration was stabilized and inreach 91.36 ng/ml at group 3 (hybrid Hisex Brown hens), 45.12 ng/mlat second and 64.26 ng/ml at first group (hybrid ISA Brown hens).

Concentration of lutenizing hormone is also changing because during the preparing period it was16.88 ng/ml, 11.16 ng/ml and 23.85 ng/ml, in group 1,2 and 3, during the stress period it was 2.08 ng/ml,13.96 ng/ml and 9.90 ng/ml in group 1, 2 and 3. In the following period it was increasing because in the timeof maximum egg production is 27.50 ng/ml, 21.92 ng/ml, in first and second group (ISA Brown hens), butthe highest concentration is measured in hens from group 3, 37.35 ng/ml (Hisex Brown).

Progesterone in blood plasma during the preparing period at group 1 was 167.5 pg/ml, group 2 49.6 pg/ml (ISA Brown hens), but at group 3 was 94.8 pg/ml (Hisex Brown hens). At the end of stress periodthere is significantly decreasing because at group 1 was 0, at group 2 19.2 pg/ml, and at group 3 25.6 pg/ml.During the maximum egg laying, the concentration of progesterone was increasing ant it was at group 3(Hisex Brown hens) 135.3 pg/ml, at group 1 and 2 was measured concentration of 22.64 and 41.4 pg/ml (ISABrown hens), respectively.

Key words: artificial molting, hormonal status, laying hens.



124

UTJECAJ DODATKA KONJUGIRANE LINOLNE KISELINE NASVOJSTVA KOSTIJU TOVNIH PILIĆA

INFLUENCE OF CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATIONON BONE PROPERTIES IN BROILER CHICKENS

Jaśkiewicz T. 1 , Puzio I. 2 , Bieńko M. 2 , Sagan A.1

1 Departament of Biological Bases of Food and Feed Technologies, Faculty of Production Engineering, Agriculture University in Lublin

2 Department of Animal Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, AgricultureUniversity in Lublin

The study was performed to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid onskeletal system properties during the first 42 days posthatching life in broiler chickens. Experiment wascarried out on chickens randomly divided into two groups, control fed on the standard diet with sunflower oil(SO) and experimental fed on diet with addition of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at dosage of 3% (starter diet) or 4,2% (grower diet). The chickens were kept under standard rearing condition and slaughtered at theage of 42 days. After the slaughter femur and humerus were isolated for further analysis. Using dual-energyX-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) methods, bone mineral content and bone mineral density were measured.Furthermore, mechanical and geometrical parameters of bones were assessed. BMD and BMC of femur andhumerus in males chickens from CLA group was higher when compared with males from SO group. The

values of mechanical and geometrical parameters were higher, as well. In contrast, in females higher valuesof analyzed parameters were observed in control group. In conclusion, obtained results indicate that CLAadministration may improve bone weight, BMD, BMC and bone morphological and mechanical properties of bones, and this effect depends from sex.



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125

KOMPARATIVNI PRIKAZ TROŠKOVA PROIZVODNJE PILEĆEG MESAKONVENCIONALNOG I MODIFICIRANOG SASTAVA

COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW OF COSTS IN PRODUCTION OFCONVENTIONAL AND MODIFIED CHICKEN MEAT

I. Kralik, Z. Tolušić, Zlata Gajčević, Z. Škrtić, Gordana Kralik

SAŽETAK

Nutritivna kvaliteta pilećeg mesa može se poboljšati modificiranjem profila masnih kiselina, posebice n-3 in-6 PUFA kao i mijenjanjem njihovog omjera u mesu. U pokusu je bilo 120 pilića Ross 308, a pokus je

trajao 42 dana. Istraživanje je provedeno s ciljem da se prikažu troškovi proizvodnje pilećeg mesa koje jeobogaćeno s n-3 PUFA (α-LNA, EPA i DHA) u komparaciji sa mesom konvencionalnog sustava. U tunamjenu oformljene su četiri skupine pilića: A= kontrola, hrana konvencionalnog sastav, B, C i D skupine pilića hranjene su smjesama koje su sadržavale u većoj količini navedene masne kiseline.Analiza troškova pokazala je da kg žive mase modificiranog pilećeg mesa B skupine (s aspekta troškovasmjese) bio skuplji za 2,7%, C skupine za 6,18% a D skupine za 5,22% od mesa skupine A.Analiza ukupnih troškova proizvodnje brojlera pokazala je da kg žive mase modificiranog pilećeg mesa Bskupine bio jeftiniji za 1,76%, C skupine za 1,12% a D skupine za 0,64% od mesa skupine A. Analizaistraživanja troškova proizvodnje pokazuje opravdanost modificiranja pilećeg mesa za hrvatsko tržište.

Ključne riječi: troškovi proizvodnje. pileće meso, cijena pilećeg mesa

SUMMARY

Nutritive quality of chicken meat can be improved by modifying fatty acid profile and by altering the n-3 andn-6 PUFA ratio. The 42-day long experiment was carried out on 120 chickens of Ross 308 provenience. Thisstudy was aimed at assessing costs of production of chicken meat enriched with n-3 PUFA (α-LNA, EPAand DHA) and to compare it with production costs of conventional chicken meat. The analysis was performed on 4 groups: A= control group, fed commercial diets, groups B, C and D fed diets supplementedwith above mentioned fatty acids.Analysis of costs of diets showed that 1 kg of live weight of chickens in groups B, C, and D cost more thanin the A group (B=2.7%, C=6.18%, and D=5.22%).In comparison to the A group, analysis of total production costs showed that 1 kg of modified chicken meatof groups B, C and D was cheaper for 1.76%, 1.12%, 0.64%, respectively. Comparative analysis of production costs showed that modification of chicken meat is acceptable in Croatian market surroundings.

Key words: production costs, chicken meat, price of chicken meat

______________________________ Igor Kralik, dipl. oecc., prof.dr.sc. Zdravko Tolušić, mr.sc.Zlata Gajčević, doc.dr.sc. Zoran Škrtić i prof.dr.sc.dr.h.c. Gor dana Kralik -Poljoprivredni fakultet, Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Trg sv. Trojstva 31000 Osijek, Hrvatska, [email protected]



126

KARAKTERISTIKE BIOKEMIJSKOG STATUSA BOSANSKO-HERCEGOVAČKE PRAMENKE

CARACTERISTICS OF BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS INBOSNIA-HERCEGOVINA'S PRAMENKA BREED SHEEP

Hrković Amina, Hodžić Aida, Hamamdžić M., Vegara M., Sarić Z., Zahirović A., Juhas Pašić Eva, Krnić J.

SAŽETAK

Pramenka je ovca kombinovanih svojstava, skromna u ishrani, vrlo otporna i dobro prilagođena našimuvjetima, ali slabih produktivnih osobina jer se uzgaja u brdsko-planinskim uvjetima koji su nepovoljni zaintenzivniju proizvodnju stočne hrane, zbog čega je ishrana veoma često kvantitativno i kvalitativnonedostatna. Na pravilnost ishrane ukazuje nivo njihove proizvodnje, ali i njihov metabolički status koji se prosuđuje određivanjem biohemijskih parametara krvi. Biohemijski parametri krvi mogu ukazati naenergetsku, proteinsku i mineralnu opskrbu organizma, a istovremeno i na zdravstveni status životinje.Stoga smo proveli ispitivanje širokog spektra biohemijskih parametara u krvi ovaca sa dva lokaliteta, općineLivno i Travnik, u ljetnom periodu kada su životinje bile na ispaši sa karakterističnim botaničkim sastavomza navedena područja, a sve s ciljem komparacije sa standardnim vrijednostima parametara za ovce, ali imeđusobne komparacije podataka sa dva različita područja. Krv je uzorkovana iz v.jugularis i u serumu suodređivani slijedeći biohemijski parametri: glukoza, Mg, P, Ca, ukupni protein, LDH, GGT, AST, ALT,ALKP, holesterol, trigliceridi, urea i albumini.

Značaj istraživanja je u činjenici da se proučavanjem metaboličkog statusa unapređuju saznanja o interakcijilokalnog uzgoja i metabolizma ovce u funkciji održivosti autohtonih pasmina.

Ključne riječi: pramenka, ishrana, metabolički status



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127

UTJECAJ DODATKA SELENA NA PROIZVODNA SVOJSTVA JANJADI IKONCENTRACIJU HORMONA ŠTITNJAČE

THE INFLUENCE OF SELENIUM ON LAMBS PRODUCTIVE TRAITS ANDCONCENTRATION OF THYROID HORMONES

Z. Antunović, B. Kopić, Marcela Šperanda, Z. Steiner, Novoselec, J.

SAŽETAK

Selen je esencijalni mikroelement u životinja, a njegov unos hranom često nije dostatan. Zbog togase u obroke životinja dodaju pripravci selena, najčešće anorganskog podrijetla (natrijselenit). U istraživanje je uključeno 30 janjadi u tovu, podijeljenih ravnomjerno prema spolu u dvije skupine. Tov je trajao 50 dana.

Janjad je bila u dobi od 60 dana, hranjena livadnim sijenom i krmnim smjesama istog sastava, uz dodatak selena u pokusnoj skupini (0.03% natrijselenit). Hranidba je bila ad libitum. Koncentracija selena u krviutvrđena je grafitnom tehnikom, a koncentracija hormona štitnjače (T3 i T4) metodom radioimunizacije. Nisuutvrđene statistički značajne razlike u pogledu tjelesnih masa i dnevni prirasta janjadi između kontrolne i pokusne skupine janjadi (36,17:36,03 kg, odnosno 343,6:347,2g), kao niti između vrijednosti indeksaanamorfizma (150,76:153,65), tjelesne proporcije (66,29:68,36) te tjelesne kondicije (3,57:3,63). Utvrđena jestatistički značajno (P<0,01) viša koncentracija selena u krvnom serumu i aktivnost GSH-Px u punoj krvi pokusne skupine (79,10 µg/L i 27689 U/L) u odnosu na janjad kontrolne skupine (21,19 µg/L i 12613 U/L). Nešto viša koncentracija T3 i odnosa T3/T4 te niža koncentracija T4 u krvnom serumu janjadi, ali bezznačajnih razlika, utvrđena je u pokusne u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu janjadi. Koncentracija selena,aktivnost enzima glutation peroksidaze i koncentracija hormona štitnjače (T3 i T4) u krvi mogu se uzeti kao pouzdani kriterij u procjeni opskrbljenosti životinja selenom.

Ključne riječi: janjad, selen, proizvodna svojstva, krv, hormoni štitnjače

Selenium is an essential element for animals and his dietary intake is not sufficient. Therefore some amountof selenium from different sources are supplied in animals' diet (sodium selenite is common in use). Theinvestigation has been conducted on 30 lambs, aged 60 to 110 days, divided into two groups. Lambs werefed with a meadow hay (ad libitum) and a feed mixture. Preparation of the sodium selenite has been added tothe feed mixture in the experimental group of lambs in concentration of 0.03%. Selenium concentration inthe lambs' blood has been determined by graphite method and concentration of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) by radioimmunoassay. Body mass and daily gain in control and experimental group of lambs were notstatistically different (36.17:36.03 kg and 343,6:347,2 g). There were not differences between control andexperimental groups of lambs by anamorphosis index (150.76:153,65), body proportion index (66.29:68,.36)and body condition score (3.57:3.63). Significantly higher (P<0.01) selenium concentration and activity of glutathion peroxidase were determined in the experimental group (79.10 µg/L and 27689 U/L) in relation tothe control one (21.19 µg/L and 12613 U/L). Also, higher concentration of T 3 and T3/T4 ratio, as well aslower concentration of T4 were determined in the experimental group in relation to the control group(P>0.05). Selenium concentration, GSH-Px activity as well as T3 and T4 level in the blood could be used asa reliable criteria for animals' selenium supply evaluation.

Key words: lambs, selenium, productive traits, blood, thyroid hormons

______________________________ Dr. sc. Zvonko Antunović, red. prof.; Branko Kopić, dipl. inž.; Dr. sc. Marcela Šperanda, docent, dr. sc. Zdenko Steiner, red. prof.;Josip Novoselec, dipl. inž. – Zavod za stočarstvo, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Osijeku, Trg sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek.



128

UTJECAJ PELETIRANE HRANE NA POKAZATELJE KAKVOĆE MESANOVOZELANDSKOG BIJELOG KUNIĆA

INFLUENCE OF PELLETED FOOD ON QUALITY INDICATORS FOR NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBIT MEAT

Mevla Škandro, A. Tarig, F. Čaklovica, Bedrija Alić, Fahira Alibegović- Zečić

SAŽETAK

Kao materijal za eksperiment poslužile su jedinke novozelandskih bijelih kunića, koji su hranjeni ad libitumindustrijskom peletiranom hranom, uz dodatak zelene mase i sijena. Eksperimentom je obuhvaćeno 24

kunića i to 12 muških i 12 ženskih. Tov kunića je trajao 75 dana nakon čega su žrtvovani. U radu se iznoserezultati istraživanja tovnih i klaoničkih svojstava, kao i sastav i svojstva mesa novozelandskog bijelogkunića. Dostignuta prosječna živa masa muških kunića bila je 2332,50 g, a randman 47,62 %, dok je kodženskih kunića prosječna živa masa bila 2342,50 g, a randman 47,25 %. Prosječni udio zadnjeg dijela trupakod muških/ženskih kunića bilo je 33,46 % / 31,98 %; leđnog dijela 34,58 % / 34,60 %, a prednjeg dijelatrupa 20,77 % / 21,18 %. Sadržaj vode u mesu muških/ženskih kunića bio je u prosjeku 75,21 % / 74,49%;sadržaj bjelančevina 22,16% / 22,13 %; sadržaj masti 0,66 % / 1,40 %, a sadržaj mineralnih tvari 1,29% /1,18 %.

Ključne riječi: Novozelandski bijeli kunić, meso kunića

SUMMARY

New Zealand white rabbits were used as a material for the experiment, which were fed ad libitum bycommercial feed in briquettes, with addition of green feed and pasture. In the experiment 24 rabbits wereincluded whereof 12 males and 12 females. Rabbits were fattened for 75 days after which they wereeuthanized. The results of our study shows fattening and slaughter properties as well as ingredients andquality of the New Zealand white rabbit meat. The achieved average mass of the male rabbits was 2332,50gr. and meat-to-bone ratio was 47,62 % while in the female rabbits was 2342,50 gr. with meat-to-bone of 47,25 %. Average participation of the lower part of the body at male/female rabbits was 33,46 % / 31,98%; back part 34,58 % / 34,60%; front part 20,77 % / 21,18 %. Average water content in the meat of male/femalerabbits was 75,21 % / 74,49%; content of protein 22,16% / 22,13 %; content of fat 0,66 % / 1,40 %, andcontent of the minerals 1,29% / 1,18 %.

Key words: New Zealand white rabbit, meat rabbit

______________________________ 1. Dr. sc. Mevla Škandro, docent, Katedra za fakultativne predmete, Veterinarski fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Zmaja od Bosne90, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina - Kontakt: E-mail: [email protected]. Mr. sc.Tariq Ali, auditor, Agencija za certificiranje kvaliteta halal hrane – Islamska zajednica Sarajevo, Semira Frašte 2/VIII,71000 Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina3. Dr. sc. Faruk Čaklovica, redovni profesor - Rektor Sarajevskog univerziteta Zavod za higijenu i tehnologiju namirnica,Veterinarski fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Zmaja od Bosne 90, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina4. Mr. sc. Bedrija Alić, viši stručni saradnik, Zavod za higijenu i tehnologiju namirnica, Veterinarski fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu,Zmaja od Bosne 90, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina5.Dr. sc. Fahira Alibegović-Zečić, vanredni profesor, Katedra za hranu i ishranu domaćih životinja, Veterinarski fakultet Univerziteta

u Sarajevu, Zmaja od Bosne 90, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina



KRMIVA 2008

129

UTJECAJ DODATAKA VLAKNINE NA PROMJENE UVJETA UPROBAVNOM SUSTAVU LABORATORIJSKIH ŠTAKORA

THE ADDITION OF FIBRE IN A DIET CHANGE THE CONDITIONS INTHE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF LABORATORY RATS

Tatjana Pirman, Ph.D., prof. Andrej Orešnik, Ph.D.

Zootehnical department, Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia

ABSTRACT

In an attempt to clarify the differences in the conditions in the digestive tract, the addition of different fibresin a diet was studied in the laboratory rats. Thirty-two growing male Wistar rats (101.81 ± 7.61) were fed ad-libitum with balanced diets containing casein as a source of protein. In the experimental diets a fraction of starch was replaced with a source of fibre: apple pectin, guar gum or wheat bran. All the time of theexperiment the amounts of consumed diet and the masses of animals were registered each day. Half of theanimals were sacrificed and sampled after 11 days and the second half after 13 days of experiment. Theweights of digestive tissue, digestive organ contents weights and pH value in the digestive content weredetermined at the end of the experiment. The viscosity in stomach and small intestine content and short chainfatty acids (SCFA) in the colon and caecum content were determined. The weights of the different parts of digestive tract were higher in the experimental groups. The most pronounced differences were in caecum andin pectin and guar gum groups. The content of colon was the heaviest in the wheat bran group, but on theother hand the lightest in pectin group. The pH value in the caecum content of the guar gum group was

significantly (P < 0.05) decreased as compared to the other groups. The reason for this was in increasedamount of all SCFA in the content of caecum of guar gum group. The ratio among the individual SCFA wasdifferent as compared to the control group. The amounts of acetic and propionic acids were increased and butyric acid decreased. In the pectin group the acetic acid was increased and in the wheat bran group the butyric acid was increased as compared to the control group. In the colon, there was increase amount of acetic acid in pectin group, propionic acid in guar gum and propionic and butyric acids in wheat bran group.Viscosity of small intestinal content increased in guar gum and pectin group, but in stomach only in guar gum group. Even that guar gum and pectin belong to the group of soluble dietary fibre, their effect in thedigestive tract was different, as well as the effect of wheat bran, which contain more insoluble dietary fibre.

Key words: nutrition / laboratory rats / fibre / pectin / guar gum / wheat bran / digestive tract / viscosity /SCFA



130

DJELOTVORNOST PROBIOTSKOG PRIPRAVKA „PROBIOS 2B“ UHRANIDBI JARADI

EFFICIENCY OF PROBIOTIC PREPARATION „PROBIOS 2B“ IN GOATKIDS FEEDING

Z. Antunović, Marcela Šperanda, Đ. Senčić, M. Domaćinović, J. Novoselec

SAŽETAK

Istraživanje je provedeno s 30 jaradi, pasmine francuska alpina, po odbiću, u dobi od 70. do110. dana, podijeljenih u dvije skupine. Osnovica obroka jaradi bilo je sijeno lucerne i smjesa koncentriranih krmiva

(kukuruz -50%, pšenica- 25%, sojina sačma – 15%, pšenične posije 8%) uz dodatak stočne krede od 2%.Hranidba jaradi bila je po volji. Jarad kontrolne i pokusne skupine hranjena je istim obrokom, uz dodatak 0,1% probiotika Bioplus 2B (Bacillus licheniformis i Bacillus subtilis). Analizirajući tjelesne mase jaradividljivo je da je na kraju pokusa jarad pokusne skupine imala značajno (P<0,05) više tjelesne mase u odnosuna jarad kontrolne skupine (22,20 kg:21,54 kg). Dnevni prirasti jaradi obje skupine nisu se značajnorazlikovali, iako je vidljivo da su jarad pokusne skupine imala veće dnevne priraste u komparaciji s jaradikontrolne skupine (151,38 g:140,27 g). Eksterijerne mjere jaradi pokusne skupine (tjelesne mjere i indeksianamor fizma, tjelesnih proporcija i tjelesne kondicije) nisu se značajno razlikovale od jaradi kontrolneskupine. U krvnom serumu jaradi pokusne skupine utvrđene su značajno (P<0,05) niže koncentracije ureje itriglicerida u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Ove prom jene, uz utvrđene nešto niže koncentracije glukoze ikolesterola, ukazuju na umjeren porast metaboličke aktivnosti u jaradi pokusne skupine, a na što upućuju i proizvodni pokazatelji jaradi.

Ključne riječi: jarad, probiotik, proizvodna i eksterijerna svojstva, krv

The investigation included 30 weaned French Alpina goat kids, aged from 70 th to 110th days, divided intotwo groups. Feeding of goat kids was ad libitum. Basic feed ingredients were alfalfa hay and feed mixture(corn 50%, wheat 25%, soybean cake 15%, wheat bran 8%, limestone 2%). The experimental group of animals was fed with feed mixture with addition of 0.1% Bioplus 2B® (Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillussubtilis). Goat kids from the experimental group had statistically (P<0.05) higher body weight (22.20: 21.54kg), as well as better average daily gain (151.38: 140.27 g) in relation to the control group of animals. Bodymeasurements, anamorphosis index, body proportion index and body condition scores did not differ betweengroups. Lower urea and triglycerides concentration were determined in the experimental group (P<0.05).These changes, with lower glucose and cholesterol concentration, presented modest increasing of metabolicactivity in the goat kids of the experimental group, which is in relation with theirs productivity.

Key words: goat kids, probiotic, productive and exterior traits, blood

______________________________ Dr. sc. Zvonko Antunović, red. prof.; Dr. sc. Marcela Šperanda, docent, Dr. sc. Đuro Senčić, red. prof.; Dr. sc. Matija Domaćinović,red. prof., Josip Novoselec, dipl. inž. – Zavod za stočarstvo, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Osijeku, Trg sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek.



KRMIVA 2008

131

UTJECAJ HRANIDBE NA INDUCIRANO DIJABETIČNEEKSPERIMENTALNE ŽIVOTINJE

THE INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION ONTO INDUCED DIABETICEXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

Gjorgjievski, S., R.Prodanov i Radmila Črčeva-Nikolovska

ABSTRACT

Nutrition is one of the most respective factors which have great influence onto maintenance, normal activity, productive results and its health condition. In order to have a new information about the nutrition and itsinfluence on some biochemical parameters we performed this scientific research. Several parameters were

researched (blood count on biochemical parameters and body mass) at groups of rats which where treatedwith diabetic feed.The objective of this study is to induce experimental diabetes mellitus by Streptozotocin at normal adultWistar rats through comparison of changes in body weight, levels of glucose, between normal and diabeticrats. Intra-venous injection of 60 mg/kg dose of Streptozotocin in adult Wistar rats, makes pancreas swelland at last caused degeneration in Langerhans islet beta cells and induces experimental diabetes mellitus inthe 2-4 days. Streptozotocin induced one type of diabetes which is similar to diabetes mellitus with non-ketosis hyperglycemia in some animal species. Three days after degeneration of beta cells, diabetes wasinduced in all animals. The diabetic and normal animals were kept in the cages separately and their bodyweight, the levels of serum glucose in all animals were measured and then these quantities were compared.Consumption of water, feed and and level of serum glucose were higher at group of diabetic animals, incomparison with normal rats but the body weight was decreased.

Biochemical analysis was used to study the effect of dietetic feed onto biochemical parameters of normal anddiabetic rats. The plasma levels of ALT, AST and LDH were significantly increased after the one treatmentof diabetes instigator. Administration of dietetic feed significantly (p<0.05) decreased the plasma level of ALT, AST. In addition, there was a slight but not significant reduction in the plasma level of LDH.

Key words: nutrition, rats, diabetes, biochemical parameters.



132

POSJEĆENOST SUNCOKRETA (Helianthus Annuus L.) MEDONOSNOMPČELOM (Apis Mellifera Carnica) U AGRO-EKO SUSTAVU BARANJE

ATTENDANCE OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus Annuus L.) BY HONEY BEE(Apis Mellifera Carnica) IN AGRO-ECO SYSTEM OF BARANJA COUNTY

Luž aić, R., Puškadija, Z., Florijančić, T., Opačak, A., Bogut I., Bošković, I., Jelkić, D.

Poljoprivredni fakultet Sveučilišta J.J. Strossmayera u Osijeku,Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, [email protected]

SAŽETAK

Istr aživanje prikazuje posjećenost suncokreta medonosnom pčelom koje je obavljeno na poljskom pokusu uslučajnom blok rasporedu koji je obuhvatio 6 hibrida merkantilnog suncokreta, najviše zastupljenih na poljima kontinentalne Hrvatske. Mjerenje se provodilo na 100, 200 i 300 metara od košnica. Tijekommjerenja uočena je različita atraktivnost pojedinog hibrida u pokusu za medonosnu pčelu. Statistička analiza pokazala je signifikantnu razliku između hibrida H2 koji je imao najmanju posjećenost, i hibrida H4 koji jeimao najveću posjećenost. Nadalje, analiza podataka je pokazala da je najmanja posjećenost pčelom bila naudaljenosti 200 m od košnica. Na udaljenostima 100 i 300 metara nije bilo veće razlike. Ujedno, vrlo je mali broj uočenih prirodnih oprašivača što je indikator znatnog smanjenja njihove populacije u agro-eko sustavuBaranje. Tijekom cvatnje suncokreta medonosna pčela (Apis mellifera carnica L.) zabilježena je kaonajzastupljeniji oprašivač. Evidentirana je u 99,53 % mjerenja obavljenih tijekom pokusa, bumbari (Bombusspp.) su evidentirani u 0,32 % mjerenja, dok je muha Volucella zonaria (Poda) evidentirana u 0,15 %mjerenja.

Ključne riječi: suncokret, Helianthus annuus, medonosna pčela, Apis mellifera carnica, oprašivanje

ABSTRACT

The current research investigates attendance of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by honey bee (Apismellifera carnica). The research was conducted on field experiment in random block arrangement whichincluded 6 most represented hybrids of mercantile sunflowers at fields of continental part of Croatia.Measurement was conducted at 100, 200 and 300 meters distance from bee hives. During the investigationdifferent attractiveness of each hybrid for honey bee was noticed. Statistical analyses showed statisticallysignificant difference between the hybrid H2, which was the least attended, and the hybrid H4, which wasthe most attended. Data analysis also showed that the honey bees attended the least sunflowers which were200m distant from hives. At 100 and 300 m distance no statistically significant differences were found.Honey bee was estimated as the most present pollinator of sunflower during the blooming period: it wasrecorded in 99.53% of measurements; bumble bee (Bombus spp.) was recorded in 0.32% of measurements,while the fly Volucella zonaria (Poda) was recorded in 0.15% of measurements. Very small number of natural pollinators observed is an indicator of significant decrease of their population in agro-eco system of Baranja County.

Key words: sunflower, Helianthus annuus, honey bee, Apis mellifera carnica, polination

______________________________ Faculty of Agriculture, University of J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia, [email protected]



KRMIVA 2008

133

UTJECAJ EKOLOŠKIH ČIMBENIKA NA RAD PASA PO KRVNOMTRAGU

THE IMPACT OF ECOLOGICAL FACTORS ON WORK OF BLOODHOUNDS

Bošković, I.1 , Florijančić, T.1 , Opačak, A.1 , Tucak, Z.1 , Puškadija, Z.1 , Andrea Gross- Bošković2

1 Poljoprivredni fakultet Sveučilišta J.J. Stro ssmayera u Osijeku,Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, [email protected]

2 Hrvatska agencija za hranu, Ivana Gundulića 36b, 31000 Osijek

SAŽETAK

Vrijednost dobro obučenog psa krvosljednika očituje se u broju pronađene ranjene ili odstrijeljene divljačikoja bez takvoga psa ne bi bila pronađena.Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi koliko pojedini ekološki čimbenici (temperatura i tlak zraka, brzina vjetra)utječu na rad pasa po krvnom tragu.Istraživanja su obavljana tijekom godine dana kroz četiri godišnja doba s dvije skupine pasa mužjaka (N=5)u deset odvojenih tretmana. Jedna skupina pasa bila je pasmine njemački lovni terijer, a druga alpski brak jazavčar. Za istraživanje krvnog traga korištena je nerazrijeđena jelenska krv, a kao sredstvo protivzgrušavanja korištena je kuhinjska sol (50 g/l). Krvni trag je postavljan metodom kapanja krvi iz boce, a na500 metara traga potrošeno je 3 dl krvi. Psi su ispitivani 12 odnosno 24 sata nakon postavljanja traga.

Utvrđeno je da u ukupnom vremenu izrade traga i pronalaska divljači ne postoji signifikantna razlika izmeđuispitivanih pasmina. Prilikom rada pri niskim temperaturama zraka i tla bolji rezultat potrage i ukupno kraćevrijeme izrade traga imali su brak jazavčari, a pri visokim temperaturama zraka bolje su rezultate imali lovniterijeri. Pri optimalnim temperaturama zraka i tla nije bilo statistički značajnih razlika u rezultatima potrage,a pri tom su lovni terijeri radili neznatno brže s većim brojem grešaka. Zapaženo je da je temperatura zrakaimala jače djelovanje na rezultate potrage od relativne vlage zraka i starosti traga. Prilikom ispitivanja naukupan rezultat potrage djelovalo je strujanje zraka, odnosno vjetar različite brzine, a pri jačem vjetru lovniterijeri su napravili veći broj grešaka (6) od brak jazavčara koji su na istom tragu napravili manji brojgrešaka (2). Prilikom rada po tragu s visokim tlakom zraka psi su radili "niskim" nosom, kod normalnogtlaka su radili srednje visoko nošene glave, a prilikom rada kod niskog tlaka zraka glava je nošena relativnovisoko.Dobrim timskim radom vodiča i psa, te pravilnim odabirom vremena i trenutka početka potrage moguće jegotovo uvijek pronaći ranjenu divljač po krvnom tragu, a time se povećala i financi jska dobitlovoovlaštenika.

Ključne riječi: njemački terijer, alpski brak jazavčar, ekološki čimbenici, krvni trag



134

ABSTRACT

The value of well trained hound dog for blood trail is measured through number of found wounded or shotgame which couldn't be found without this kind of dog.The purpose of this research was to determine how certain ecological factors (temperatures, air pressure andwind speed) can influence on work of blood hounds.Researches of impact of ecological factors on blood trail work of hound dogs have been conducted duringone year period and throughout all seasons with two groups of male dogs (N=5) in ten separated treatments.One bread was Deutsche bracke and the other German hunt terrier. For research purposes was used undiluteddeer blood from which were removed fibrin filaments and coagulation was protected by adding kitchen salt(sodium chloride, NaCl). On one litre of blood was added 50 grams of NaCl. Blood trail was set up by usingthe method of dropping from bottle, and for each 500 m of trail was used 3 dl of blood. Blood trails weredrafted after 12 and 24 hours.It was determined that in total time of trail drafting and game tracking there was no significant differences between tested dogs breed. Better search results and shorter time of trail drafting on low air and groundtemperatures were achieved by Deutsche bracke. On higher air temperatures better results had German

hunting terriers. When the air and ground had optimal and acceptable temperatures, there were no significantdifferences between search results, yet the hunting terriers were faster, but with more errors. During the traildrafting, more significant influence on search result had air and ground temperature than trail age. On theoverall result of blood trail search the biggest impact had air flow, with respect to different wind speed.When the wind speed was higher, German hunting terriers made higher number of mistakes (6) comparing toDeutsche bracke (2). During the blood trail work when the air pressure was high, all dogs used “low” nose.When the air pressure was normal they work with medium high carried head and when the air pressure waslow head was carried relatively high.With good team work of handler and dog, and by picking the right time of search start, it is almost always possible to find wounded game on blood trail which influence on increasing the financial bonus of huntingmanagers.

Key words: German hunting terrier, Deutsche bracke, ecological factors, blood hounds

______________________________ 1Faculty of Agriculture, University of J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia, [email protected] 2Croatian Food Agency, Ivana Gundulića 36b, 31000 Osi jek, Croatia



KRMIVA 2008

135

BABY C4, GLICERIDI MASLAČNE KISELINE

BABY C4, BUTYRIC ACID GLYCERIDES

Johan van der Elsen

The third generation butyrate, a new technology for gut health improvement. A great number of benefits of butyric acid are known. Through esterification it is possible to get this smelly SCFAodorless and in an efficicient way into to the gut. Its effects and mode of action........



136

UČINAK PRIMJENE MANANOLIGOSAHARIDA U TOVU DUŽIČASTEPASTVE (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

EFFECTS OF MANNAN-OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN FEEDING OFRAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

J. Pavličević, N. Fijan, T. Šperanda, S. Ivanković, I. Bogut

SAŽETAK

Hranidbeni pokus o učinku mananoligosaharida na tov dužičaste pastrve (Oncorhynchus mykiss) postavljen je i proveden u Ramskom jezeru od 23.4. do 21.7 2005.godine. Hidroakumulacija je izgrađena na rijeci Rami1968. godine. Površina akumulacije je 1550 ha, a zapremina 466 hm3. Istraživanja su provedena u 4

tretmana, a svaki tretman u dva ponavljanja. U svaki od 8 kaveza zapremine 1 m3

nasađeno je po 105 jedinki jednogodišnjeg mlađa dužičaste pastrve. Pojedinačna masa ribe u svim skupinama bila je ujednačena i iznisla je 48 g. U kontrolnoj skupini (K) pastrve su hranjene peletiranim krmnom smjesom bez dodatkamananoligosaharida. U prvoj pokusnoj skupini (P1) riba je hranjene istom hranom, kao i u kontroli, ali uzdodatak 0,05% manaoligosaharida. U drugoj pokusnoj skupini (P2)) riba je u hrani dobivala 0,10 %, a utrećoj pokusnoj skupini (P3) 0,15 % mananoligosaharida. U početku istraživanog razdoblja riba je hranjena 4 puta, a kasnije 3 puta dnevno. Dnevna količina hrane davana je prema hranidbenim tablicama, a na osnovutemperature vode, koncentracije otopljenog kisika i ostalih pokazatelja vode. Na kraju istraživanog razdobljakoje je trajalo 86 dana najniža prosječna masa dužičaste pastrve izmjerena je u kontrolnoj skupini, a iznosila je 109,52 g/kom. Za isto uzgojno razdoblje najveća prosječna pojedinačna masa dužičaste patrve utvrđena jeu P1 a iznosila je 122,15 g/kom što je za 12,62 g/kom ili 11,52 % više u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom. Nešto niže prosječne mase utvrđene su u P2 i P3 skupinama, ali su bile statistički značajne u usporedbi s

kontrolnom skupinom.

SUMMARY

The research into effects of mannan-oligosaccharides used in feeding of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss) was carried out in the Lake of Rama from April 23 to July 21, 2005. Hydroacummulation was builton the Rama River in 1968. Accumulation spreads on the area of 1550 ha, its volume is 466 hm 3. Theexperiment was set up in 4 treatments, each in two repetitions. The experiment consisted of 8 cages, each hada volume of 1 m3 and housed 105 one-year old rainbow trout fry. Individual fish weight in all groups was balanced at 48 g. Trout in the control group (C) were given pelleted feed without supplemented mannan-oligosaccharides. Experimental group 1 (E1) had diets of the same composition as control but supplementedwith 0.05% of mannan-oligosaccharides. Diets fed to the experimental group 2 (E2) contained 0.10% of mannan-oligosaccharides, and the experimental group 3 (E3) were fed on diets supplemented with 0.15 % of mannan-oligosaccharides. At the beginning of experiment fish were fed 4 times a day, later on 3 times a day.Daily feed amount was determined according to dietary tables, respecting also water temperature,concentration of dissolved oxygen and other water quality parameters. Upon completion of the 86-day longexperiment, rainbow trout in the control had the lowest average weight, being 109.52 g/pcs. The group E 1

exhibited the highest average weight of 122.15 g/pcs., which was 12.62 g/pcs. or 11.52% more if comparedto the control. Somewhat lower average weights were measured in groups E2 and E3, however, in comparisonto the control they were statistically significant.

______________________________ Doc,dr. Jerko Pavličević, Agronomski fakultet Sveučilišta u Mostaru; Dr. sc. Nikola Fijan, proffesor emeritus, Veterinarski f akultetSveučilišta u Zagrebu; Tomislav Šperanda, dr.vet.med. Medical-Intertrade, Sveta Nedjelja; Prof,dr.sc. Stanko Ivanković,

Agronomski fakultet Sveučilišta u Mostaru; Prof.dr.sc. Ivan Bogut, Poljoprivredni fakultet Sveučilišta J.J. Strossmayera u Osijeku



KRMIVA 2008

REZIME BUDUĆIH IZAZOVA EU REGULATIVE NA PODRUČJU HRANEZA ŽIVOTINJE – PERSPEKTIVA OVE INDUSTRIJSKE GRANE

OVERVIEW ON FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR EU FEED LEGISLATION

Doering A.

(FEFAC, Bruxelles – Belgija)

In his introduction, the author will provide a brief overview on the basic EU legal framework governing feed

and food safety, including GMO, TSE and animal-byproduct (ABP) legislation affecting feed production(feed ban) which has been reviewed after feed safety-related incidents in the late 90ies and the beginning of the 20th Century.

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15 Th Veterinary International Conference KRMIVA 2008 Programme and Summaries

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