1500-1820

1820-1870

1870-1913

1913-1950

1950-1973

1973-1998

Europa Occidental 0.15 0.95 1.32 0.76 4.08 1.78

Países de inmigración europea

0.34 1.42 1.81 1.55 2.44 1.94

Japón 0.09 0.19 1.48 0.89 8.05 2.34

Asia (sin incluir Japón)

0.00 -0.11 0.38 -0.02 2.92 3.54

Latinoamérica 0.15 0.10 1.81 1.42 2.52 0.99

Europa del Este y antigua URSS

0.10 0.64 1.15 1.50 3.49 -1.10

Africa 0.01 0.12 0.64 1.02 2.07 0.01

Mundo 0.05 0.53 1.30 0.91 2.93 1.33

Tasa de crecimiento anual del PIB por habitante 1500-1998

Fuente: Maddison (2001): La Economia Mundial. Una perspectiva milenaria. OCDE

  1500-1820

1820-1870

1870-1913

1913-1950

1950-1973

1973-1998

Europa Occidental 0.16 0.26 0.69 0.77 0.70 0.32

Paises de inmigración europea

0.07 0.43 2.87 2.07 1.55 1.02

Japón 0.14 0.22 0.21 0.95 1.15 0.61

Asia (sin incluir Japón)

0.09 0.29 0.15 0.55 2.19 1.86

Latinoamérica 0.09 0.06 1.27 1.64 2.73 2.01

Europa del Este y antigua URSS

0.16 0.34 0.87 1.21 1.31 0.54

Africa 0.07 0.15 0.40 0.75 2.33 2.73

Mundo 0.10 0.27 0.40 0.80 1.92 1.66

Tasa de crecimiento de la población 1500-1998

Fuente: Maddison (2001): La Economia Mundial. Una perspectiva milenaria. OCDE

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

Bottom Quartile Quartile 2

Quartile 3 Top Quartile

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

Per capita income in dollars

Years

The world gets richer? Four quartiles compared

Pritchett, L. (1997): Divergence, Big Time. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1997.

EEUU: Cambios en el ingreso familiar: 1947-79 y 1979-91

y diferencia salarial entre los ejecutivos y los trabajadores

Fuente: www.inequality.org

Mortalidad infantil por 1000 nacimientos: Tendencia

Region 1970 1990 1992 1996 1997 Reduction 1990-1997

East Asia & Pacific 77 42 44 39 38 10%

Europe & Central Asia 46 28 28 24 25 9%

Latin America & Caribbean

83 42 38 33 32 24%

Middle East & North Africa

135 61 60 50 48 21%

South Asia 138 87 85 .. 77 12%

Sub-Saharan Africa 132 100 97 91 90 10%

Developing countries 107 66 65 59 58 12%

OECD 22 8 7 6 6 25%

Data are shown only for some years due to availability. Source: World Development Indicators

Source: World Development Indicators

Region 1970 1982 1993 1997

East Asia and Pacific 59 65 68 68

Europe and Central Asia 67 68 69 69

Latin America and Caribbean

61 66 69 70

Middle East and North Africa

53 60 66 67

South Asia 49 55 60 62

Sub-Saharan Africa 44 48 52 52

Developing Countries 55 61 65 65

OECD 71 74 77 78

Tendencias en la Esperanza de Vida 1970-1997 (años de vida)

Fuente: World Development Indicators

Region 1970

1982

1993

1996

East Asia and Pacific

88 111 118 118

Eastern Europe and Central Asia

n.a. 102 97 100d

Latin America and Caribbean

99a 105c 109 114

Middle East and North Africa

68 91 95 94

South Asia 67 77 97 101

Sub-Saharan Africa

50 74 68 74d

Developing Countries

79 95 107 108

OECD 104b 102 103 103e

Tendencias en la tasa de escolarización primaria

Note: Declines in gross enrollment ratios that are over 100 do not necessarily mean a decrease in the proportion of school-age children going to school. They might reflect a reduction in the numbers of over-age children as a result of improvements in quality and increases in efficiency as fewer children start school late or repeat grades.n.a. Not available.a1975 b1965 c1980 d1994 e1995. Source: World Bank economic and social database.

Tasa de escolarización en secundaria

Layard, R. (2003): Happiness. Has social science a clue?: www.lse.ac.uk/collections/LSEPublicLecturesAndEvents