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333 AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and T ransporta- tion Officials). 1993a. Guide for Design of Pavement Structures. Washington, D.C.: AASHTO. AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and T ransporta- tion Officials). 1993b. Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing. 16th ed. Part I: Specifications. Designation: M147-65. Washington, D.C.: AASHTO. Adamson, B., J. Claesson, and B. Eftring. 1973. Slab-on-grade. Founda- tion depth (in Swedish). National Swedish Institute for Foundation Research, Rep. R40. Aitken, G. W. 1963. Reduction of frost-heave by surcharge loading. In Proc. Int. Conf. on Permafrost, Lafayette, Ind., Publ. 1287. Washing- ton, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences–National Research Coun- cil, pp. 319–24. Akagawa, S. 1988. Experimental study of frozen fringe characteristics. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 15(3): 209–23. Akili, W. 1970. On the stress-creep relationship for a frozen clay soil. Mater. Res. Stand. 10(1): 16–22. Aldrich, H. P ., Jr . 1956. Frost penetration below highway and airfield pavements. In Factors Influencing Ground Freezing. Publ. 425. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council, pp. 124–49 (Highway Res. Board Bull. 135). Aldrich, H. P ., Jr ., and H. M. Paynter . 1966. Depth of Frost Penetration in Non-uniform Soil. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engi- neering Laboratory Special Report 104. Algaard, E. 1976a. Frostsikring av kalde konstruksjoner . Frostsikring av gulv, fundamenter og grunn in byggeperioden (Frost protection of floor , foundation and ground in the construction period) (in Norwegian). Frost i Jord 17(11): 315–39. Algaard, E. 1976b. Kryperom (Crawl Spaces) (in Norwegian). Frost I Jord 17(12): 341–62. Alkire, B. D., and O. B. Andersland. 1973. The effect of confining pres- sure on the mechanical properties of sandice materials. J. Glaciol. 12(66): 469–81. Alkire, B. D., W. M. Haas, and T. J. Kaderabek. 1975. Improving low temperature compaction of a granular soil. Can. Geotech. J. 12(4): 527–30. Allard, M., R. Lévesque, M. K. Séguin, and J. A. Pilon. 1991. Les car- actéristiques du pergélisol et les études préliminaires aux travaux de génie au Québec nordique. Rep. to Dept. of T ransportation of Quebec. Allen, W. L. 1991. Subsurface drainage of pavement structures. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory CRREL Report 91-22. Al-Moussawi, H. M. 1988. Thermal contraction and crack formation in frozen soil. Ph.D. diss., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Al-Nouri, I. 1969. Time-dependent strength behavior of two soil types at lowered temperatures. Ph.D. diss., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Alpan, I. 1978. Das Last-setzungverhalten des Einzelpfahles (Load-set- tlement behavior of a single pile). Bauingenieur 53: 293–98. Alter , A. J. 1969. Water Supply in Cold Regions. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Monograph 111-C5a. Andersland, O. B., and I. Al-Nouri. 1970. Time dependent strength behavior of frozen soils. J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. ASCE 96(SM4): 1249–65. Andersland, O. B., and M. R. M. Alwahhab. 1982. Bond and slip of steel bars in frozen sand. In Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. on Ground Freezing. Hanover , N.H.: U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory , pp. 27–34. Andersland, O. B., and M. R. M. Alwahhab. 1983. Lug behavior for model steel piles in frozen sand. In Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Perma- frost, Fairbanks, Alaska. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, pp. 16–21. Andersland, O.B., S. H. Davies, and D. C. Wiggert. 1995. Performance and formation of frozen containment barriers in dry soils. Report to RUST Geotech, Inc., Grand Junction, Colo. Andersland, O. B., and A. G. Douglas. 1970. Soil deformation rates and activation energies. Géotechnique 20(1): 1–16. Andersland, O. B., F. H. Sayles, and B. Ladanyi. 1978. Mechanical properties of frozen ground. Chap. 5 in Geotechnical Engineering for Cold Regions, ed. O. B. Andersland and D. M. Anderson. New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 216–75. Andersland, O. B., D. C. Wiggert, and S. H. Davies. 1996. Frozen soil subsurface barriers: formation and ice erosion. J. Contaminant Hydrol. 23: 133–147. Andersland, O. B., D. C. Wiggert, and C. A. Lehner . 1994. Ground water remediation by controlled soil freezing. In Proc. 7th Int. Symp. on Ground Freezing, Nancy , France, ed. M. Fremond. Rotter- dam: A. A. Balkema, pp. 57–63. Anderson, D. M., and N. R. Morgenstern. 1973. Physics, chemistry , and mechanics of frozen ground: A review. In North Am. Contrib. References
Transcript
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333

AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transporta-tion Officials). 1993a. Guide for Design of Pavement Structures.Washington, D.C.: AASHTO.

AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transporta-tion Officials). 1993b. Standard Specifications for TransportationMaterials and Methods of Sampling and Testing. 16th ed. Part I:Specifications. Designation: M147-65. Washington, D.C.:AASHTO.

Adamson, B., J. Claesson, and B. Eftring. 1973. Slab-on-grade. Founda-tion depth (in Swedish). National Swedish Institute for FoundationResearch, Rep. R40.

Aitken, G. W. 1963. Reduction of frost-heave by surcharge loading. InProc. Int. Conf. on Permafrost, Lafayette, Ind., Publ. 1287. Washing-ton, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences–National Research Coun-cil, pp. 319–24.

Akagawa, S. 1988. Experimental study of frozen fringe characteristics.Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 15(3): 209–23.

Akili, W. 1970. On the stress-creep relationship for a frozen clay soil.Mater. Res. Stand. 10(1): 16–22.

Aldrich, H. P., Jr. 1956. Frost penetration below highway and airfieldpavements. In Factors Influencing Ground Freezing. Publ. 425.Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences–NationalResearch Council, pp. 124–49 (Highway Res. Board Bull. 135).

Aldrich, H. P., Jr., and H. M. Paynter. 1966. Depth of Frost Penetrationin Non-uniform Soil. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engi-neering Laboratory Special Report 104.

Algaard, E. 1976a. Frostsikring av kalde konstruksjoner. Frostsikringav gulv, fundamenter og grunn in byggeperioden (Frost protectionof floor, foundation and ground in the construction period) (inNorwegian). Frost i Jord 17(11): 315–39.

Algaard, E. 1976b. Kryperom (Crawl Spaces) (in Norwegian). Frost IJord 17(12): 341–62.

Alkire, B. D., and O. B. Andersland. 1973. The effect of confining pres-sure on the mechanical properties of sand–ice materials. J. Glaciol.12(66): 469–81.

Alkire, B. D., W. M. Haas, and T. J. Kaderabek. 1975. Improving lowtemperature compaction of a granular soil. Can. Geotech. J. 12(4):527–30.

Allard, M., R. Lévesque, M. K. Séguin, and J. A. Pilon. 1991. Les car-actéristiques du pergélisol et les études préliminaires aux travaux degénie au Québec nordique. Rep. to Dept. of Transportation ofQuebec.

Allen, W. L. 1991. Subsurface drainage of pavement structures. U.S.Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory CRRELReport 91-22.

Al-Moussawi, H. M. 1988. Thermal contraction and crack formationin frozen soil. Ph.D. diss., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.

Al-Nouri, I. 1969. Time-dependent strength behavior of two soil typesat lowered temperatures. Ph.D. diss., Michigan State Univ., EastLansing.

Alpan, I. 1978. Das Last-setzungverhalten des Einzelpfahles (Load-set-tlement behavior of a single pile). Bauingenieur 53: 293–98.

Alter, A. J. 1969. Water Supply in Cold Regions. U.S. Army ColdRegions Research and Engineering Laboratory Monograph111-C5a.

Andersland, O. B., and I. Al-Nouri. 1970. Time dependent strengthbehavior of frozen soils. J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. ASCE 96(SM4):1249–65.

Andersland, O. B., and M. R. M. Alwahhab. 1982. Bond and slip ofsteel bars in frozen sand. In Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. on Ground Freezing.Hanover, N.H.: U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and EngineeringLaboratory, pp. 27–34.

Andersland, O. B., and M. R. M. Alwahhab. 1983. Lug behavior formodel steel piles in frozen sand. In Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Perma-frost, Fairbanks, Alaska. Washington, D.C.: National AcademyPress, pp. 16–21.

Andersland, O.B., S. H. Davies, and D. C. Wiggert. 1995. Performanceand formation of frozen containment barriers in dry soils. Report toRUST Geotech, Inc., Grand Junction, Colo.

Andersland, O. B., and A. G. Douglas. 1970. Soil deformation ratesand activation energies. Géotechnique 20(1): 1–16.

Andersland, O. B., F. H. Sayles, and B. Ladanyi. 1978. Mechanicalproperties of frozen ground. Chap. 5 in Geotechnical Engineeringfor Cold Regions, ed. O. B. Andersland and D. M. Anderson. NewYork: McGraw-Hill, pp. 216–75.

Andersland, O. B., D. C. Wiggert, and S. H. Davies. 1996. Frozen soilsubsurface barriers: formation and ice erosion. J. ContaminantHydrol. 23: 133–147.

Andersland, O. B., D. C. Wiggert, and C. A. Lehner. 1994. Groundwater remediation by controlled soil freezing. In Proc. 7th Int.Symp. on Ground Freezing, Nancy, France, ed. M. Fremond. Rotter-dam: A. A. Balkema, pp. 57–63.

Anderson, D. M., and N. R. Morgenstern. 1973. Physics, chemistry,and mechanics of frozen ground: A review. In North Am. Contrib.

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