PEDRO SAO THIAGO MARTINS

CURTIN UNIVERSITY Technological Infrastructure 502

VIRTUALIZATION, CLOUD AND GREEN COMPUTING Discussion about the implementation of virtualization, cloud and green computing technologies in an organization .

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Contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. 2

1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3

2. Company’s Background ............................................................................................................... 4

2.1. The Current Situation .......................................................................................................... 4

2.2. New Technologies to be Applied .......................................................................................... 5

2.3. Why Shift To New Technologies .......................................................................................... 5

3. Virtualization ................................................................................................................................. 6

3.1. What is Virtualization .......................................................................................................... 6

3.2. Virtualisation disadvantages ................................................................................................ 7

4. Cloud Computing .......................................................................................................................... 7

4.1. What is Cloud Computing .................................................................................................... 7

4.1.1. Software as a Service (SaaS) ........................................................................................ 8

4.1.2. Platform as a Service (PaaS) ........................................................................................ 8

4.1.3. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) ................................................................................ 8

5. Green Computing .......................................................................................................................... 9

5.1. What is Green Computing ................................................................................................... 9

6. Relationship Between Virtualization, Cloud and Green Computing ..................................... 10

7. Recommendation ......................................................................................................................... 10

7.1. Why Virtualization ............................................................................................................. 11

7.1.1. Improving personnel performance ............................................................................ 11

7.1.2. Maximizing number of projects ................................................................................. 11

7.1.3. Reducing physical space with I.T. infrastructure .................................................... 12

7.2. Why Cloud Computing ....................................................................................................... 12

7.2.1. Benefits of Cloud Computing ..................................................................................... 14

7.3. Why Green Computing ...................................................................................................... 15

7.3.1. Improve green working environment ........................................................................ 16

7.3.2. Fulfil corporate social responsibilities ....................................................................... 16

7.3.3. Conserve more energy ................................................................................................ 16

7.3.4. Develop positive corporate image .............................................................................. 17

8. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 17

9. References .................................................................................................................................... 18

9.1. Appendix A .......................................................................................................................... 20

9.2. Appendix B .......................................................................................................................... 21

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Executive Summary

This document is based on the statement made by the author Andy Ingram, which says “The

eternal challenge of the data centre is balancing the quality of the user experience against the

economics of building and operating the centre. One of the most significant trends today is

the use of infrastructure Virtualization to improve the economics”.

In order to prove the trueness of this statement, this report discuss about the implementation

of virtualization, cloud computing and green computing technologies in an organization and

gives an idea of what those new technologies are about and its impact in the company. It is

hoped that the findings in this document will illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of

implementing those trends in a business and why should a company shift to those new

technologies. Moreover, the main aspect of this report is to bring a conscious use of

technology regarding modern environmental issues discussed by different groups, nowadays.

With the purpose of making this report as realistic as possible, it has been done intensive

research throughout many websites, journals and academic books, expecting to prove the

veracity of the statements within this report.

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1. Introduction

It is known by now that technology has been changing the way that people interact,

communicate and exchange information with each other. So, many companies - such as

Microsoft and Apple - have been investing large sum of money in technology researches,

aiming to bring the latest products into the market that they act.

In addition, business and people are becoming even more dependent on computers, as well as

the Internet. This is because those tools, especially if combined, give all business much more

efficiency and better results, since information and work done by staff are performed

considerably faster.

Therefore, it is easy to imagine how beneficial is to automate the way information is

processed and to improve communication between businesses and people. On the other hand,

with the increasing volume of computers being used worldwide, the amount of carbon

emitted into our environment is becoming a concern.

Having the fact that businesses are seeking for a well prepared I.T. infrastructure, in order to

communicate with other businesses more efficiently, companies end up having to set up

different types of computers for different types of operational system (OS), increasing the

quantity of carbon produced and emitted into the atmosphere. This is a result of the lack of

integration that an OS have with each other, especially the product from Microsoft, which

poorly team up with others.

However, as technology develops, new concepts are brought up with it. Virtualization is the

new trend in IT, and is promising to change the way that OS’s interact with each other, by

working with different OS interfaces at the same time in the same computer. So, how can

virtualization be implemented in order to help the environment? Can it bring better results to

companies? Can virtualization really make enterprises more efficient, thus giving them better

results?

Besides virtualization, another trend that is boosting up the computer market is the use of

cloud computing, which enables access of data from wherever you are and whenever you

need it. It gives you mobility to store private files and information in a different server and

connect to those data from a cafe, home or anywhere you are, giving great flexibility to users.

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This report will discuss each one of technologies mentioned, an indentify their benefits and

drawbacks. In addition, it will be discussed the connection or relationship between

virtualisation, cloud and green computing, and how they can work together for helping the

environment.

2. Company’s Background

For the simplicity of this assignment, the concepts of Virtualization, Cloud Computing and

Green Computing will be applied on an invented company named Archi-E.

Archi-E is a successful architecture company that deals with customers and suppliers mainly

through the internet. The business’ executives do meetings with stakeholders electronically

and very occasionally have to meet face-to-face.

In order to better picture the scenario in this example, it is relevant to identify who are the

suppliers and customers for Archi-E.

Suppliers: All the businesses that Archi-E needs to hire to build up a house. A few

examples are: construction, electricity and interior design companies.

Customers: Small business and regular people that wants to plan and construct a

small size building or residential houses.

2.1. The Current Situation

Archi-E has opportunity to increase their share in the marketplace. However, their I.T.

infrastructure has been the main issue that is stopping it to grow.

Archi-E executives want to improve and update the I.T. infrastructure that they have in

order to solve a few issues that the company is currently facing. Firstly, Archi-E does not

have a proper I.T. infrastructure, thus they have been missing out many relevant

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contracts from customers. Therefore, with this area improved, it is most likely that the

company will maximize their number of projects.

Secondly, they need to improve their relationship with customers and suppliers and have

a more efficient way to communicate with them. Those measures would increase

customer satisfaction and business credibility with suppliers.

Thirdly, the company is over-crowded with technological appliances, which is not only

giving a bad aesthetical looking, but also an unpleasant working environment. Therefore,

Archi-E needs to reduce physical space with I.T infrastructure, as well as its direct and

indirect costs.

Finally, but not less important, the company also wants to improve its staff performance

with new computer technologies. That can be a contributing factor to maximize the

business’ workload capacity.

2.2. New Technologies to be Applied

There are three new technologies that can help Archi-E to solve the issues beforehand

mentioned, such as:

Virtualization

Cloud Computing

Green Computing

2.3. Why Shift To New Technologies

There are many reasons why a company should merge to new technologies. However,

the company in this matter is aiming to maximize its income, and to assist the business to

achieve their goals by moving to new technologies to do their job. This technology will

provide up-to-date information to business and make it ready for future events and trends

in computing.

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3. Virtualization

3.1. What is Virtualization

It is found many types of definition for Virtualization. However, it can be simply

described as the ability to create different virtual servers and combine them in a single

physical server (Dorf 2010). For example, if a company posses separated servers for

printers, database, applications, files and e-mail, it is possible to “virtualize” each one of

them and consolidate them in one concrete machine, using dedicated software to do so.

Moreover, the same idea of virtualization can be applied to computers that runs an

Operational System (OS). Assuming that a computer has Windows OS installed in its

hardware, it is possible to run, through virtualization, a different desktop from a different

OS (such as MAC, Linux, Solaris, Chrome, etc.) at the same time in the same machine.

However, it is important to mention that virtualized Operational Systems are not installed

in the computer’s hardware, they are generated by a software, which runs as an

application over the OS (VMware, for example).

Figure 1 illustrates how a virtual machine works inside a computer.

Figure 1 – Virtualization diagram

Source:VMware.com

Therefore, virtualization can be a powerful tool for business to reduce not only physical

space within their company (Dorf 2010), as well as cost with I.T. infrastructure and

carbon footprint (VIA 2006).

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3.2. Virtualisation disadvantages

Virtualisation can be very handy method for managing data centre and operational

systems. However, it has relevant drawbacks that still are stopping many companies to

make use of this new technology. The main disadvantages are:

One point of failure: if the physical server crashes, all virtualised machines will

fail, causing a major problem to the entire company.

Demands powerful machines: the physical computer has to be capable to

operate every virtual machine or sever. Virtualisation can save money, if the

company has I.T. infrastructure enough to support it. Otherwise, they need to

previously invest on powerful machines.

May decrease performance: even if the computer is sufficiently powerful to

run virtual applications, it might lead to lower performance of this same

software.

Application malfunction: there are many applications that are not yet adapted

to be used in a virtual environment. Therefore, they end up crashing and

bugging, stopping the whole organisation to procedure staff’s day-to-day

tasks. Thus, it is important to virtualise only softwares that are not crucial to

the company’s operations.

4. Cloud Computing

4.1. What is Cloud Computing

Although virtualization can be used to provide cloud computing, the latter is quite

different from the former. In virtualization, data storage is done within the company’s

server, while cloud computing allows the company to store any sort of data in a third

party server, via the Internet. In other words, any sort of data retained in the company’s

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server can be allocated in another corporation’s server, thus reducing disk space of the

company’s hardware, and then decreasing costs with data storage.

A major benefit of cloud computing is the pay-as-you-go method, which allows

consumers to pay for hardware and computing resources as they need them. This is what

is called “elasticity” in cloud computing, in which individuals users or companies can

expand those resources accordingly to their necessities.

The major disadvantage of cloud computing is the fact that the company does not control

the cloud server. So, there is a considerably risk when storing files and important data in

a third party server, because if it collapses, all information that was thrown in this same

server will be lost. Therefore, is extremely important that a solid backup plan be

implemented in the company, in order to reduce the risk with data loss.

Many companies are offering cloud computing as a service, such as Amazon, Google,

and Microsoft. However, it is relevant to mention that there are three different ways of

doing cloud computing. It can be offered as Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a

Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).

4.1.1. Software as a Service (SaaS)

This is “a low-cost way for business people to interact with applications over the

internet” (SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS 2009). Therefore, it will not be necessary to install

any sort of programs in the user’s computer. Examples of SaaS are applications for

word-processing, spreadsheets, email, etc.

4.1.2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)

This category is in a higher level of complexity than SaaS, because instead of giving

users access to only one application, PaaS provides an entire environment (or

platform) ready to run different types of applications over the Internet.

4.1.3. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

If PaaS is more complex than SaaS, IaaS is the most complete type of cloud

computing. Depending on the company’s necessities, their I.T. infrastructure, such

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as data centre space, servers, network equipments and softwares can be placed over

the Internet and make use of those resources as a service.

Figure 2 – types of cloud computing and companies.

Source: LinuxAndFriends.com

5. Green Computing

5.1. What is Green Computing

As previously mentioned, there are many positive impacts that virtualization and cloud

computing can bring to a business. Green computing is another result from those two

technologies. Although they can help it to reduce cost and physical space with I.T.

infrastructure and as well improve personnel performance, customer and supplier

relationship, etc. they can also make the company more socially responsible, bring not

only more benefits to the business, but mostly important to the environment.

According to an article extracted from IBM website, electricity consumption and day-

today activities related to staff are the biggest sources of carbon emission in an

organisation, i.e. ‘electricity accounts for 90%, the single biggest consumer of energy in

the business being the data centre.’ (IBM n.d.). Therefore, when a company applies

virtualization and cloud computing concepts within its business, it means that less

physical servers and computers would be running, then less energy would be consumed.

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6. Relationship Between Virtualization, Cloud and Green Computing

Virtualization, cloud and green computing are three distinct emerging technologies that can

be linked together. They are mostly used to reduce costs with data centre space and improve

the company economics.

Andy Ingram affirms “the eternal challenge of the data centre is balancing the quality of the

user experience against the economics of building and operating the centre. One of the most

significant trends today is the use of infrastructure Virtualization to improve the economics”

(Ingram 2010). This statement should be considered as true since it is proved to be possible

the centralisation of multiple machines and data storage though virtualisation and cloud

computing. When analysed closely, cloud computing can be considered as a virtualisation

method, because when a third party server is hired by a company, it means that the company

is virtualising this same server and integrating in the organisation computing system. The

only different between virtualises the server using the cloud is that you do not have control of

the server where the data was stored, whereas in virtualisation you do.

Therefore, when a company uses those two technologies (or even one of them), they are

practicing also green computing. If the amount of hardware running is reduced, so is the

dioxide carbon emitted. This is how you can connect virtualisation and cloud directly with

green computing, although it also can be related indirectly. For example, if the corporate

economics is relatively improved by the modern way of managing its data centre, managers

can execute actions that are more socially responsible or invest on existing hardware that are

environment wise, with the money that was saved. As an example, VIA is a hardware vendor

that manufactures a processor that emits 85% less carbon than other processors, because it is

more energy efficient than other competitors (VIA n.d.).

7. Recommendation

Since Archi-E is in a constant growing, and deals directly with high-tech resources and

hardware, it is strongly recommended the use of the two new technologies, which will lead to

the practice of green computing.

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7.1. Why Virtualization

Archi-E has been working with multiple OS, thus using separated machines for each type

of them. This can be a very costing action, since the company have to buy two distinct

computers for each type of OS (MAC and Windows). As a result, a large sum of money is

spent in powerful machines and wind up not using their full capacity. However, if a

software, such as VMware is installed in the company’s server, it will enable each

computer to operate MAC and Windows simultaneously.

Therefore, this technology can help Archi-E by improving personnel performance,

maximizing number of projects and reducing physical space with I.T. infrastructure.

7.1.1. Improving personnel performance

When staff starts to work with multiple operational systems at the same time, they

will be able to perform their tasks more efficiently. For example, if a customer

named John has in his machine Windows as an OS, all the project environment will

be based on Windows format, in order to make the project compatible to John’s

computer. On the other hand, another customer named Eddie uses MAC instead

Windows, so the same team that was dealing with John’s project can now deal with

Eddie’s at the same computer, without the trouble to change computers every time

they needed to use a different OS.

7.1.2. Maximizing number of projects

Virtualization can help to increase the company’s workload capacity, thus

maximizing the quantity of projects that staff can deal at the same time. If

employees are working more efficiently, meaning to say that they can deal with a

bigger volume of work. Furthermore, if all the enterprise’s computers are now able

to run two different types of OS, it means that everyone can work and assist on any

type of project, whether it will be based on MS Windows or MAC.

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7.1.3. Reducing physical space with I.T. infrastructure

Through virtualization, it is possible to reduce physical space with I.T.

infrastructure. Therefore, Archi-E is planning to create virtual machines, thus

consolidating its database and other servers in a single server and reducing the

numbers of desktop computers within the company. Those measures are contributing

factors for rearranging the company’s rooms, as well as reducing costs with I.T.

infrastructure.

7.2. Why Cloud Computing

The correct use of cloud computing can bring many benefits to an organisation.

Therefore, Archi-E aims to develop an even better customer and supplier relationship

with the use of this new technology.

The company’s customers would have access to Archi-E’s server in order to follow up

their ongoing project. So the customers would connect to the organisation’s database to

view and analyse the work that is being done by Archi-E. This measure would encourage

client’s active participation on their ongoing projects and give to the project team

valuable information from their sponsor. So, it is easy to picture how contributing this

action can be to improve customer care and satisfaction, because they can control and

track the project progress anytime they want.

Similar to that, cloud computing can also be applied to Archi-E’s suppliers in order to

improve the relationship between both parts. However, the way how it is going to be

applied is slightly different from how it is done with customers. Each part will have

access to the other’s server, helping both of them to increase speed as they need to

exchange information. For example, an Archi-E team is designing a project to John, so

they need to manage budget and quality according to John’s necessities. Therefore, if

Archi-E is connected to the supplier’s servers that means they can have instant access to

information about materials and its prices, in order to choose the appropriate one for

John’s house, meeting both budget and quality.

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In addition, Archi-E would also allow suppliers to have access to the company database

helping them to organise and plan the required materials for a finalized project before

send the items. Using the same example, if John’s project is tagged as finalized and

ready to be executed, the construction company would check on Archi-E files to identify

what are the required materials and the quantity necessary to build John’s house.

Figure 3 shows a simple diagram of how cloud computing would be implemented on

both customers and suppliers.

Figure 2 – Applying cloud computing (Martins, 2011)

Archi-e Databas

e

Suppliers

Databa

Customers

INTERNET

INTERNET

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7.2.1. Benefits of Cloud Computing

Besides all the benefits beforehand mentioned, there are another positive impacts

when cloud computing is applied. According to I.T. specialists from the company

AUS-IP SecurVault (What is the Cloud? 2011), “Cloud computing can completely

change the way organisations use technology to service their IT needs.” Besides

many others advantages, it will help Archi-E to obtain:

Online Storage;

Online Office;

Online Collaboration from suppliers;

Online Collaboration from customers;

3rd party integration;

Shared Calendars.

Online storage

Archi-E can store supplier’s data on the internet without occupying space on the

company’s server. This type of information can be easily stored on a cloud

computing company server (Amazon for example), because even if this same

server crashes, it will not be a major problem to Archi-E to carry on with their day-

to-day tasks.

Online Office

Once cloud computing is established within the company, an online office can be

created, which gives employees access to Archi-E database anywhere and anytime.

This can improve work flexibility to staff members and, therefore, improve

personnel performance in order to reduce time spent with projects.

Online Collaboration from suppliers

All suppliers can access Archi-E database in order to check finalized house plans

and take whatever operational actions they need to. Moreover, with regular

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checking on Archi-E projects, they can send professional opinion about what is the

best material to meet quality and customer budget.

Online collaboration from customers

All the clients can have access to Archi-E server, in order to check their respective

house plans and give valuable information about their projects. They can track if

what is being done is according to their expectations, thus improving customer

satisfaction.

Third party integration

Archi-E’s and Supplier’s server are integrated as one. This measure enables both

parts to have access to information “on-demand” or as they need it.

Shared Calendars

With both servers consolidate, Archi-E suppliers can have efficient access to

projects timeframes in order to identify and organise the materials and resources

required for the project execution. Thus, sharing calendars can help both

companies to accomplish even faster each project, improving their turnovers.

7.3. Why Green Computing

It can be very advantageous for Archi-E to apply environmental-wise actions inside its

business. As previously stated, not only it is going to bring benefits to the company, but

also have a major impact in the environment.

According to Digiweb specialists, each server can produce a tonne of carbon emissions

in one year (IBM n.d.). So, considering that Archi-E data centre has multiple servers

(printer, database, application, e-mail), it would be fair to consider that consolidate all

those servers on a single machine would reduce tonnes of carbon emissions, thus

reducing the company’s CO2 footprint.

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The electronic journal, The Independent, affirms that a single PC “generates 0.1 tons of

carbon dioxide in a typical year.” (Cyber warming 2007), and the I.T. industry

(worldwide) is responsible for 2% of CO2 emissions, almost the same as the aviation,

when compared. Thus, applying green computing can help to reduce those figures and

make the company less harmful to the environment.

Among numerous advantages that green computing can bring to Archi-E, there are four

major reasons why the company should go green.

I. Improve green working environment;

II. Fulfil corporate social responsibilities;

III. Develop positive corporate image;

IV. Conserve more energy.

7.3.1. Improve green working environment

When the new concept of green computing is applied to the company’s culture, it is

believed that it creates a green working environment and enhances staff members

comfort and morale. If morale of employees is elevated, so will be their

performance.

7.3.2. Fulfil corporate social responsibilities

Green computing can be the first time that Archi-E implements a social

responsibility action. This measure can help employees to gain a better

understanding of energy conservation for further cost savings.

7.3.3. Conserve more energy

If servers are virtualized, that means that Archi-E can save energy in a few ways.

Firstly, the data centre cooling system would be less powerful, since less machines

would be running. According to Ian Falconer, Digiweb’s general manager, “While

the power consumption typically goes up on that server because of the load, the

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overall reduction is positive.” (Digiweb goes green 2011). Secondly, the

virtualization of operational system will reduce the quantity of computers running in

Archi-E.

7.3.4. Develop positive corporate image

Green computing can help Archi-E to settle a better corporate image in the

marketplace, thus improving the chances to make a better deal with suppliers and

customers.

8. Conclusion

It is always important to identify the new technologies released in the marketplace and verify

if it is time for your company to adopt those improvements. Virtualisation, cloud and green

computing are the currently emerging technologies and they can be very helpful for a

business to maintain a balance between company’s performance and its impact on the

environment.

Moreover, the development for green actions are constantly growing, and, as a result,

companies are being even more pressured by the marketplace, in order to take actions that

will not only be beneficial to its business, but as well as to the environment. Therefore,

managing the data centre with a virtualised approach is a major progress in computing and

still there is much to be developed.

In conclusion, there are many procedures that a company can do to reduce energy

consumption of its computers (see Appendix A) and virtualisation is one new technology that

was developed to act on top of all those actions helping to improve organisation expenditures

on data centres management and encourage executives to start acting more positively towards

nature. It is time to prove that technology appliances can be integrated on people’s lives

maintaining the health and balance of our environment.

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9. References

Abakoos. SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS - What does it all mean? 24 June 2009.

http://www.abakoos.com/blog/comments/saas_paas_and_iaas_what_does_it_all_mean/

(accessed April 7, 2011).

Albatal, Fadi. Database: Virtualization Desktop Infrastructure - Realizing Its Benefits Without Falling

Prey to Its Challenges. 2 February 2011. http://www.dbta.com/Articles/Editorial/Trends-and-

Applications/Virtualization-Desktop-Infrastructure---Realizing-Its-Benefits-Without-Falling-

Prey-to-Its-Challenges-73525.aspx (accessed April 10, 2011).

AUS-IP’s SecurVault. What is the Cloud? http://www.databackupservices.com.au/about/what-is-the-

cloud/ (accessed March 20, 2011).

Dorf, Michael. Learn Computer: Cloud Computing vs. Virtualization. 23 April 2010.

http://www.learncomputer.com/cloud-computing-vs-virtualization/ (accessed April 16,

2011).

Georgieva, Tsveti. Suite101: Disadvantages of Virtualizaition. 17 November 2009.

http://www.suite101.com/content/disadvantages-of-virtualization-a170745 (accessed May

3, 2011).

Gingichashvili, Sarah. The Future of Things: Green Computing. 19 November 2007.

http://thefutureofthings.com/articles/1003/green-computing.html (accessed April 5, 2011).

Gruber, Ralf, and Vincent Keller. HPC@green IT : green high performance computing methods. New

York: Heidelberg, 2010.

Herbert Smith. Cloud Computing: key regulatory and contractual issues. October 2010.

http://www.herbertsmith.com/NR/rdonlyres/044EA5BE-207A-4E6A-9F25-

83A2CF00F7EE/16802/IPTMTNewsletterEOctober2010.pdf (accessed April 1, 2011).

IBM. Digiweb goes green. http://www-07.ibm.com/innovation/nz/businessinsight/digiweb/

(accessed May 2, 2011).

Ingram, Andy. Unleashing the promise of virtualization by re-architecting the network. 16 September

2010. http://www.networkworld.com/news/tech/2010/091610-virtualization-flat-

network.html (accessed May 18, 2011).

Intel. Cloud Computing Technology. http://www.intel.com/itcenter/topics/cloud/index.htm

(accessed April 15, 2011).

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Issa, Tomayess. “Lecture 1: Virtualisation, Cloud and Green Computing.” PowerPoint lecture. Perth:

Unpublished Work, March 2011.

Linux and Friends. Linux Used in Cloud Computing. 23 September 2008.

http://linuxandfriends.com/2008/09/23/cloud-computing-with-linux-explained/ (accessed

May 4, 2011).

Microsoft. GET CLOUD EMPOWERED. SEE HOW THE CLOUD CAN TRANSFORM YOUR BUSINESS.

http://www.microsoft.com/en-AU/cloud/reports/9074.aspx (accessed April 3, 2011).

The Independent. Cyber warming: PCs produce same CO2 emissions as airlines. 10 June 2007.

http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/cyber-warming-pcs-produce-

same-cosub2-subemissions-as-airlines-452531.html#2007-06-10T00:00:15-00:00 (accessed

May 4, 2011).

Thomas, Keir. PCWorld: 10 Cool Things Virtualization Lets You Do. 25 February 2011.

http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/220644/10_cool_things_virtualization_lets

_you_do.html (accessed March 27, 2011).

VIA. “Carbon Free Computing: Breath Easier.” VIA. September 2006.

http://www.via.com.tw/en/downloads/presentations/initiatives/greencomputing/VIACarbo

nFreeComputing.pdf (accessed April 5, 2011).

—. TreeMark Tree Rating.

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5, 2011).

VMware. Virtuallize Your IT Infrastructure. http://www.vmware.com/virtualization/ (accessed April

3, 2011).

—. Why Your Company Should Virtualize. http://www.vmware.com/virtualization/why-

virtualize.html (accessed April 1, 2011).

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9.1. Appendix A

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9.2. Appendix B

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