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William Shakespeare
1563-1616
(AP Photo/ Martyn Hayhow)
Shakespeare’s Birthplace
People line up waiting to visit Anne Hathaway’s cottage in Stratford-upon-Avon, Monday May 8, 2000. The wife of William Shakespeare's
home is one of the most popular tourist spots in the English countryside. (AP Photo/Dave Caulkin)
Actor for Lord Chamberlain’s Men (London theater co.)
Also principal playwright for them
1599: Lord Ch. Co. built Globe Theater where most of Sh.’s plays were performed
Stage Celebrity
Shakespeare was buried on April 23 or 25 (?), 1616 in Holy Trinity Church, Stratford, where he had been baptized just over 52 years earlier.
On his tombstone:
◦ Good friend for Jesus’ sake forbear
To dig the dust enclosed here!Blest be the man that spares
these stones,And curst be he that moves
my bones
Plays produced for the general public. Most of Shakespeare’s plays Were performed at The Globe Built 1599 Fit 2,500 to 3,000 people Roofless--open air No artificial lighting. Courtyard surrounded by 3 levels of
galleries. A flag flying from the peak=performance
that day
The Theater
Blackfriars Theatre
Theatre Interior
s
Sketch of the Swan Theatre
inner room
tiring house Play
today
Wealthy got benches, seats.“Groundlings”: poorer people stood and watched from the courtyard (“pit”). Paid 1 penny.
All but wealthy were uneducated/illiterate.
Much more interaction with audience than today.
Spectators
Scaffolding surrounds the stage area of the new Globe Theatre being constructed using original methods and materials on the south bank
of the River Thames in London Aug. 7, 1995. After a long intermission - 383 years - a blare of trumpet music Wednesday, August 21, 1996 ushers in the first performance at a $45 million
reconstruction of William Shakespeare's circular, open-air theater. The original burned down in 1613. Above at left is St. Paul's
Cathedral in the City of London financial district. (AP Photo/Max Nash)
Stage: platform that extended into the pit
Tiring house: Dressing & storage rooms in galleries behind & above stage.
Second-level gallery: upper stage: famous balcony scene in Romeo & Juliet
Trap door : ghosts
“Heavens”: Angelic beings could descend.
Staging Areas
A general view of the Globe Theatre, a reconstruction of William Shakespeare's London Playhouse, made out of hardwood, is seen during its inauguration ceremony in Rome's Villa Borghese gardens, Monday, Oct. 13,
2003. The replica of William Shakespeare's London Playhouse opens Tuesday, Oct. 15, 2003 with a performance of Romeo and Juliet (AP Photo/Isidoro
Pitera`)
Sparse scenery: ex: a few bushes or trees
Settings: references in dialogueElaborate costumesPlenty of props: ex: Pig’s bladder filled with blood
Singing, music
Scenery, Props,Costumes
Only men and boys.Young boys whose voices had not changed play women’s roles.
Would have been considered indecent for a woman to appear on stage.
Actors
Written about 1595Based on a 3,000-line poem written in 1562 by Arthur Brooke; based on a French version written in 1559
A tragedy
Romeo and Juliet
Drama involving descent of a tragic hero—a character who falls from a high place in society to defeat and death
◦In many tragedies, the tragic downfall results from fate, or supernatural occurrences a tragic flaw: makes a choice based on this
a combination of the two
Tragedy (Shakespearean)
To gain the greatest possible response from the audience: pity, sympathy, horror, fear
Tragic ending provides a catharsis (release of emotions) for the audience
Object of tragedy
The sequence of events in a literary work Freytag’s Pyramid (based on Aristotle’s plot triangle)
Plot
exposition
rising action
Climax (turning point)
falling action
resolution (catastrophe)
ACT 1
ACT 2
ACT 3
ACT 4
ACT 5
◦the first bit of action or “inciting moment” that sets the plot in motion
◦grows in intensity as the conflict develops
Rising Action
TP:The point where the protagonist’s
situation will either get better or worse.
Climax: point of greatest tension
Turning Point/Climax
depicts protagonist’s failure to resolve the conflict.
may contain moment of final suspense
Falling Action
Long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage (said to the audience).
Monologue A lengthy speech but is addressed to others on stage.
Soliloquy
A discrepancy between expectation and reality
Verbal irony: the speaker/writer says one thing but means another
Dramatic irony: the audience or reader knows something that the characters do not
Situational irony: what happens contradicts what is expected
Irony