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15A-Brunstein Debate-Hap vs Cord FINALConfex Tandem … · 2014-02-17 · URD vs double UCB Reduced...

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2014 BMT Pharmacists Conference: Debate - Haploidentical vs. Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant Claudio G Brunstein Associate Professor of Medicine University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN Objectives Defend the selection of patients for umbilical cord blood (UCB) grafts. Review outcomes in patients who received reduced-intensity conditioning for UCB transplantation. Eliane Gluckman, MD Hopital St. Louis, Paris 20 th anniversary first cord blood transplant (2008) MaEhew Farrow, recipient First cord blood transplant Hal Broxmeyer, PhD Indiana University School of Medicine Cord Blood is RelaOvely Recent Technology
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Page 1: 15A-Brunstein Debate-Hap vs Cord FINALConfex Tandem … · 2014-02-17 · URD vs double UCB Reduced Intensity Transplantation for Acute Leukemia Fk10_49.pp Months 0 6 12 18 24 36

2014 BMT Pharmacists Conference: Debate - Haploidentical vs. Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant Claudio G Brunstein Associate Professor of Medicine University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN

Objectives

•  Defend the selection of patients for umbilical cord blood (UCB) grafts.

•  Review outcomes in patients who received reduced-intensity conditioning for UCB transplantation.

Eliane  Gluckman,  MD  

Hopital  St.  Louis,  Paris  

20th  anniversary  first  cord  blood  transplant  (2008)  

MaEhew  Farrow,      

recipient  

First  cord  blood  transplant  

Hal    Broxmeyer,  PhD  

Indiana  University    

School  of  Medicine  

Cord  Blood  is  RelaOvely  Recent  Technology  

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Obtaining  Cord  Blood  

Courtesy  of  Dr.  Mary  Laughlin,  University  of  Virginia  

Advantages  • UCB  units  are  rapidly  available  

•  HLA  matching  is  less  frequently  a  barrier  to  finding  a  donor  

•  Risk  of  acute  and  chronic  GVHD  is  low  in  the  presence  of  HLA  mismatch  

•  Low  risk  of  infecOon  transmission  

• No  risk  for  the  donor  

Mismatched  Cord  Blood  LimitaOons  •  RelaOvely  limited  repository  • No  donor  lymphocytes    •  Delayed  engraWment  •  Fixed  cell  dose  •  Cost  • Growing  regulatory  complexity  

Cord  Blood  SelecOon  HLA  DRB1  at  allele  level      

HLA  A  and  B  at  anOgen  level  Cryopreserved  nucleated  cell  dose  2.5-­‐3.0  x  10e7/kg  

Select  the  unit  with  highest  cell  dose    regardless  of  the  

HLA-­‐matching  

Two  Approaches  AWer  a  certain  cell  dose  select  the  best                                          

HLA-­‐matched  unit  

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UCB  UCB  

The  Double  Cord  MN  Style  If  no  single  graW  is  big  enough  then  …  

HLA  A  &  B:  Ag  level  HLA  DRB1:  Allele  level  

4/6  

4/6  4/6  

HLA-­‐match  • 6/6  ≥  3.0  x  107/kg  

• 5/6  ≥  4.0  x  107/kg  

• 4/6  ≥  5.0  x  107/kg    

MSKCC  

•   Individual  unit  cell  dose    ≥    1.5  x  107/kg  • Combined  cell  dose  ≥  3.0  x  107/kg  Boston  combined  cell  dose  3.7  and  allele  level    A,  B  and  DRB1  

Cord  Blood  SelecOon  HLA  DRB1  at  allele  level      

HLA  A  and  B  at  anOgen  level  Cryopreserved  nucleated  cell  dose  2.5-­‐3.0  x  10e7/kg  

•  CD34  cell  dose    •  High  resoluOon  HLA  matching  •  Matching  at  HLA-­‐C  •  DirecOon  of  mismatch  •  Mismatching  Kir-­‐ligand    •  Non-­‐inherited  maternal  allele  •  AnO-­‐HLA  anObodies  •  Experience  with  the  cord  blood  bank  •  Red  cell  depleted  •  Licensed  vs  unlicensed  cord  blood  

Tie  Breakers  

Days  0   20   40   100  

Prob

ability,  %

 

100  

0  

20  

40  

60  

80  

80  60  

How  important  is  to  use  well  HLA-­‐matched  cord  blood  units?  

UCB  matched  (n=35),  85%  

UCB  MM  high  dose  (n=362),  79%  

UCB  MM  low  dose  (n=97),  64%  

Adapted  from  Eapen    et.  al.  Lancet  2007  

Neutrophil  recovery  in  Children  aWer    Single    UCBT  

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AWer  adjusOng  for  disease  status  at  transplantaOon,  leukemia-­‐free  survival  was  BeEer  

for  HLA-­‐Matched  UCB  

Adjusted

 Proba

bility,  %  

0  

20  

40  

60  

80  

100  

12   24   60  48  36  0  

Months  

UCB  matched  (n=35)  60%      

 UCB  1-­‐Ag  MM  high  (n=157)  45%  UCB  2-­‐Ag  MM  (n=267)  33%  UCB  1-­‐Ag  MM  low  (n=44)  35%  

   Adapted  from  Eapen  M  et.  al.  Lancet  2007  

keep  in  mind:    

HLA-­‐matching  and  cell  dose  are  Oed  to  each  other  and  the  goal  is  to  use  a  large,  well  matched,  cord  blood  unit.  

In  adults,  it  is  easier  said  than  done.  

If  high  resoluOon  seems  to  have  some  influence  in  outcomes,  should  we  be  considering  matching  at  HLA-­‐C  locus  (like  in  

unrelated  adult  volunteer  donors)  when  selecOng  UCB  Units?  

Eapen  et  al.  Lancet  Oncology  2011  

Tretment  Related  Mortality  Zero,  single,  or  mulOple  loci  mismatches  

A,  B,  C,  and  DRB1  match   6/69   1·∙00   ..  

One  locus  (A,  B,  C,  or  DRB1)  mismatch   27/147   2·∙02  (0·∙83–4·∙91)   0·∙12  

Two  loci  (A,  B,  C,  or  DRB1)  mismatch   75/259   3·∙27  (1·∙42–7·∙54)   0·∙006  

Three  loci  (A,  B,  C,  or  DRB1)  mismatch   83/253   3·∙34  (1·∙45–7·∙71)   0·∙005  

Four  loci  (A,  B,  C,  and  DRB1)  mismatch   28/75   3·∙51  (1·∙44–8·∙58)   0·∙006  

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HLA-­‐A  and  B  anOgen  HLA-­‐DRB1  allele  

HLA-­‐A,  B  and  DRB1  allele  

Kurtzberg  et  al  Blood  2008  

If  beEer  “convenOonal”  HLA-­‐matching  maEers,  should  we  consider  high  resoluOon  HLA-­‐matching  at  A,  B  and  DRB1  when  

selecOng  cord  blood  units?  

Kurtzberg  et  al  Blood  2008  

HLA-­‐A  and  B  anOgen  HLA-­‐DRB1  allele  

HLA-­‐A,  B  and  DRB1  allele  

Effect of High Resolution HLA Matching on Outcomes of Single UCB Transplantation

Eapen  et  al.  Blood  2014  

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Effect of High Resolution HLA Matching on Outcomes of Single UCB Transplantation

Eapen  et  al.  Blood  2014  

Effect of High Resolution HLA Matching on Outcomes of Single UCB Transplantation

Eapen  et  al.  Blood  2014  

Relapse  

Effect of High Resolution HLA Matching on Outcomes of Single UCB Transplantation

Eapen  et  al.  Blood  2014  

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Relapse      

Years  Post-­‐Transplant  

6-­‐8/10  

2-­‐5/10  

9-­‐10/10  

P=0.03  

0.0  

0.2  

0.4  

0.6  

0.8  

1.0  

0   1   2   3   4   5  

CumulaO

ve  In

cide

nce  

Years  Post  Transplant  

6-­‐8/10  2-­‐5/10  

9-­‐10/10  

P=0.08  

0.0  

0.2  

0.4  

0.6  

0.8  

1.0  

0   1   2   3   4   5  

All  paOents   Acute  leukemia  paOents  

Effect  of  High  ResoluOon  HLA  Matching  on  Outcomes  of  Double  UCB  TransplantaOon  

Non-­‐relapse  mortality    

Months  Post-­‐Transplant  

P=0.89  

0.0  

0.2  

0.4  

0.6  

0.8  

1.0  

0   6   12   18   24  

9-­‐10/10  

6-­‐8/10  3-­‐5/10  Cu

mula>

ve  Incide

nce  

Months  Post-­‐Transplant  

6-­‐8/10  

2-­‐5/10  9-­‐10/10  

P=0.92  

0.0  

0.2  

0.4  

0.6  

0.8  

1.0  

0   6   12   18   24  

All  paOents   Acute  leukemia  paOents  

Effect  of  High  ResoluOon  HLA  Matching  on  Outcomes  of  Double  UCB  TransplantaOon  

Disease-­‐Free  Survival      

Years  Post-­‐Transplant  

6-­‐8/10  

2-­‐5/10  

9-­‐10/10  

P=0.06  

0.0  

0.2  

0.4  

0.6  

0.8  

1.0  

0   1   2   3   4   5  

I  I  I  I   I   I  I  I   I   I  I  I   I  I   I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I   I   I   I  I   I  I   I   I  I  I  I  I  I   I   I   I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  

I  

I   I  I   I  I  I  

Cumula>

ve  Propo

r>on

 

Years  Post-­‐Transplant  

6-­‐8/10  

2-­‐5/10  

9-­‐10/10  

P=0.35  

0.0  

0.2  

0.4  

0.6  

0.8  

1.0  

0   1   2   3   4   5  

I  I  I  I   I  I   I  I  I  I   I   I  I   I  I  I  I   I  I   I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  

I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I   I   I   I  I  I  I  I   I  I   I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I   I  I   I  I  I  

I  I   I  I  I   I   I  I  

All  paOents   Acute  leukemia  paOents  

Effect  of  High  ResoluOon  HLA  Matching  on  Outcomes  of  Double  UCB  TransplantaOon  

Page 8: 15A-Brunstein Debate-Hap vs Cord FINALConfex Tandem … · 2014-02-17 · URD vs double UCB Reduced Intensity Transplantation for Acute Leukemia Fk10_49.pp Months 0 6 12 18 24 36

Treatment  Failure  –  Acute  Leukemia  HLA-­‐match  long-­‐term  engraWing  unit  

2-­‐5/10   1.0  6-­‐8/10   1.4  (0.8-­‐2.4)   .20  9-­‐10/10  

 

2.1  (1.1-­‐4.2)   .03  

Leukemia  Status  and  CytogeneOcs  CR1  non-­‐poor  risk  cytogene>cs   1.0  CR1  poor  risk  cytogene>cs   0.8  (0.5-­‐1.5)   .57  CR2  with  CR1  ≤  1  year            1.1  (0.6-­‐2.2)   .74  CR2  with  CR1  >  1  year      0.8  (0.4-­‐1.6)     .56  CR3   2.3  (1.0-­‐5.2)     .06  Not  in  remission   3.2  (1.4-­‐7.3)   <.01  

Should  donor  specific  anO-­‐HLA  anObodies  be  considered  in  the  selecOon  of  cord  blood  units?  

Takanashi M et al. Blood 2010;116:2839-2846 ©2010 by American Society of Hematology

No  DSA     108   55  DSA  1  unit     12   11  DSA  2  units   6   7  

Adverse  Impact  of  Donor  Specific  AnO-­‐HLA  AnObodies  on  Double  UCBT  is  Less  Clear  

GraY  failure   14%   5.5%  DSA  1  unit     25%(3  of  12)   18%  (2  of  11)  DSA  2  units   16%  (1  of  6)   57%  (3  of  7)  Irrelevant  Aby   16%   NA  

MN  Brunstein  BMT  2011  

Boston  Cutler  Blood  2011  

MFI   >500   >1000  

MFI   >1000   >1000  DSA  1  unit     40%  (2  of  5)   18%  (2  of  11)  DSA  2  units   25%  (1  of  4)   57%  (3  of  7)  

>1000  4  of  16  (25%)  4  of  11  (36%)  

Page 9: 15A-Brunstein Debate-Hap vs Cord FINALConfex Tandem … · 2014-02-17 · URD vs double UCB Reduced Intensity Transplantation for Acute Leukemia Fk10_49.pp Months 0 6 12 18 24 36

Cord  Blood  SelecOon  HLA  DRB1  at  allele  level      

HLA  A  and  B  at  anOgen  level  Cryopreserved  nucleated  cell  dose  2.5-­‐3.0  x  10e7/kg  

•  CD34  cell  dose    •  High  resoluOon  HLA  matching  •  Matching  at  HLA-­‐C  •  DirecOon  of  mismatch  •  Mismatching  Kir-­‐ligand    •  Non-­‐inherited  maternal  allele  •  AnO-­‐HLA  anObodies  •  Experience  with  the  cord  blood  bank  •  Red  cell  depleted  •  Licensed  vs  unlicensed  cord  blood  

Tie  Breakers  

PracOcal  Example  •  High  resoluOon  HLA-­‐matching  could  be  considered  in  paOents  with  mulOple  suitable  5/6  and  6/6  HLA-­‐matched  unit  available  

Cryopreserved  TNC  x10e7  

ConvenOonal    HLA-­‐match  

3.5   6/6  

4.5   5/6  

5.5   5/6  

High  res    HLA-­‐match  

5/6  

5/6  

3/6  

PracOcal  Example  •  Similar  concept  may  apply  to  HLA-­‐C  matching  

Cryopreserved  TNC  x10e7  

ConvenOonal      6-­‐loci    

HLA-­‐match  

3.5   6/6  

4.5   5/6  

5.5   5/6  

ConvenOonal      6-­‐loci  +  

HLA-­‐C  match  

Mismatch  or  6/8  

Match  or  7/8  

Mismatch  or  5/8  

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Prob

ability,  %

 

Months  post-­‐transplantaOon  

100  

0  

20  

40  

60  

80  

UCB  

0   12   24  8   16   20  

PBPC  matched  

PBPC  mismatched  

BM  matched  

BM  mismatched  

4  

SIB  MMUD  

MUD  DUCB  

0  

20  

40  

60  

80  

100  

0   12   24   36   48   60  

I  I   I   I   I  I   I   I   I   I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  

I  I  

I  I  I  

I  I  

I  I  I   I  

I   I  I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I  I   I   I   I   I  I  I   I  I   I   I   I   I   I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  

I  

I   I  

I  I   I  I  I  I  I   I  I  I  I   I  

I  I   I   I  

I   I   I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I   I  I  I   I  I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I  I  I   I   I   I  I  I  I  I  I  

I  I  I  

I  

I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I   I   I   I   I   I  I   I   I  I  I  I  I   I  I   I   I  I   I   I   I   I  

I   I  I  I  I  I   I   I  I  I   I  I   I   I   I  I   I  I   I   I  I  I   I  I  I  I   I   I  I   I   I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  

Months  post-­‐transplantaOon  

Overall,  paOents  who  have  a  suitably  dose  single  unit  or  double  unit  cord  blood  graWs  have  outcomes  similar  

to  recipients  of  unrelated  donor  graWs  

Eapen  et.  al.  Lancet  Oncol  2010   Brunstein  et.  al.  Blood  2011  

Single Double

Leukemia-Free Survival after URD vs double UCB

Reduced Intensity Transplantation for Acute Leukemia

Fk10_49.ppt

Prob

abili

ty,

%

Months 0 6 12 36 24 18

100

0

20

40

60

80

90

10

30

50

70

0

100

20

40

60

80

90

10

30

50

70

30

MMUD: 25%

MUD: 31%

dCB, TCF: 26%

dCB, other: 9%

P=0.017

Brunstein et al Blood 2012

Neutrophil Recovery ≥ 500/µL

Cum

ulat

ive

Inci

denc

e, %

100

0

20

40

60

80

0

100

20

40

60

80

Days Post-Transplantation 0 20 40 100 80 60

CTN0604-11_7.ppt

94% (95%CI, 87-100%)

Median 15 days (range 4-47)

BMT CTN 0604: dUCB

Brunstein, Fuchs, Eapen, O’Donnel Blood 2011

Page 11: 15A-Brunstein Debate-Hap vs Cord FINALConfex Tandem … · 2014-02-17 · URD vs double UCB Reduced Intensity Transplantation for Acute Leukemia Fk10_49.pp Months 0 6 12 18 24 36

CTN0604-11_2.ppt

100

0

20

40

60

80

Days Post-Transplantation

0 20 40 100 80 60

Cum

ulat

ive

Inci

denc

e, %

40% (95%CI, 26-54%)

Grade III-IV: 21% (95%CI, 6-37%)

Brunstein, Fuchs, Eapen, O’Donnel Blood 2011

BMT CTN 0604: dUCB

Progression-Free Survival

Months Post-Transplantation

CTN0604-11_6.ppt

Prob

abili

ty,

%

100

0

20

40

60

80

0 2 4 13 8 6 12 10

46% (95%CI, 31-60%)

65% (95%CI, 50-77%)

Brunstein, Fuchs, Eapen, O’Donnel Blood 2011

BMT CTN 0604: dUCB

BMTCTN 0604: Overall Survival

Pro

bab

ility

, %

100

0

20

40

60

80

Months Post Transplant 0 8 16 40 32 24 4 12 36 28 20

Survival Estimate @ 2 years 46.0% (95% CI, 31.9%, 59.0%)

Eapen  et  al.  ms  in  prep  

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BMTCTN 0604: Progression-free Survival

Pro

bab

ility

, %

100

0

20

40

60

80

Months Post Transplant 0 8 16 40 32 24 4 12 36 28 20

Survival Estimate @ 2 years 38.0% (95% CI, 24.8%, 51.1%)

Eapen  et  al.  ms  in  prep  

BMTCTN 0604: Relapse

Cu

mu

lati

ve I

nci

den

ce,

% 100

0

20

40

60

80

Months Post Transplant

Estimate @ 2 years 34.0 % (95% CI, 20.7%, 47.3%)

0 8 16 42 32 24 4

12 36 28 20 40

Eapen  et  al.  ms  in  prep  

BMTCTN 0604: Treatment Related Mortality

Cu

mu

lati

ve I

nci

den

ce,

% 100

0

20

40

60

80

Months Post Transplant

0 8 16 44 32 24 4

12 36 28 20 40

Estimate @ 2 years 28.0% (95% CI, 15.3%, 40.7%)

Eapen  et  al.  ms  in  prep  

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BMTCTN 0604: Chronic GVHD

Cu

mu

lati

ve I

nci

den

ce,

% 100

0

20

40

60

80

Months Post Transplant

0 8 16 44 32 24 4

12 36 28 20 40

Estimate @ 2 years 28.0% (95% CI, 15.3%, 40.7%)

Eapen  et  al.  ms  in  prep  

•  UCB  is  a  efficacious  source  of  HSC  for  the  treatment  of  children    (more  frequently  single)  and  adults  (more  frequently  double).  

•  RetrospecOve  comparaOve  data  suggests  outcomes  similar  to  adult  donor  types.  

•  Improved  graW  selecOon  and  novel  strategies  may  further  improved  UCBT  outcomes.  

•  Ongoing  and  future  prospecOve  studies  with  help  further  define  the  role  of  UCB  in  HSC  transplantaOon  

In  summary  

What are the two main criteria for the selection of UCB units?

a.  Viability and nucleated cell dose b.  Matching at HLA C and date of cryopreservation c.  NIMA and blood type d.  HLA matching at A, B and DRB1 and cell dose e.  KIR-matching and anti-HLA antibodies

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The INCORRECT statement is:

a.  Data suggest that DFS after UCB transplantation is similar to that of adult donor grafts

b.  Single and double UCB grafts are more frequently used for children and adults, respectively

c.  HLA-C may be used to refine UCB unit selection d.  HLA antibodies are irrelevant in UCB selection e.  Ongoing clinical trial is randomizing double UCB

vs. Haplo donors


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