16 th Annual RETS-REMP Workshop Mashantucket, CT June 26-28, 2006 North American Technical Center...

16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006

North American Technical Center Public Radiation Safety Research Program REMP Study

Jason T. Harris, M.S.Purdue University/NATC


Outline

Introduction Public Dose Study Effluents REMP Conclusions Acknowledgements


Introduction

NATC Research Activities Liquid and gaseous effluents BNL Collected and tabulated US NPP

effluent data prior to 1994 1996 NATC asked to take over task (as

independent scientific organization for UNSCEAR)

Since 1998, NATC has collected and performed research on effluent data from NRC and licensees (support of UNSCEAR, EPRI, NEI, ANI, licensees and universities)


Introduction NATC NPP Environmental and Public Health

Work In 2000, NATC program became known as the

Public Radiation Safety Program Goals include:

development and maintenance of database for use by NPPs, regulatory bodies and scientific analysis

Expanded trend analysis, benchmarking and discussion of effluent data

Standardized entry form development for licensee use

Establishment of effluent website for general use Establishment of an effluent expert group Modeling and “hot issue” analysis Now extended to rad waste and environmental

monitoring


Introduction

Data Compilation and Purpose Ongoing Research

Evaluate significance, if any, of NPP effluent/rad waste releases in terms of trends, dose commitments and benchmarking (emphasis on sister plant comparisons)

Analysis of data from 1994-present


Public Dose Study Preliminary Research Statement

Perform a comprehensive public dose analysis of all nuclear power plant emissions (liquid, gaseous, and solid) over the last 10 years (1995-2004) using US NRC and UNSCEAR methodologies. Components:

“Closed-loop” analysis of NPP radioactive analyses Trend analysis of effluents for the future, comparisons for

future reactors, and siting Sister-plant comparisons, effects of electricity generation

and radwaste systems. Effects of failed fuel, power up-rates, license extensions REMP pathway assessments Correlated results Creation of new models


Public Dose Study Purpose of Research

Protection of public health and safety Litigation protection, environmental pathway

validity, trending, projected impact (license renewals, new NPP construction, power-uprates), public perception

Compliance with National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended and National Cancer Institute (1991 cancer study, JAMA - 3/21/91)

10 year study of all data for U.S. NRC, NSF (National Science Foundation), NPP utilities and UNSCEAR

ICRP 2005 Draft Recommendations (protection of non-human species)


Public Dose Study Data Collection

Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Reports (10 year period) All data collected for period of 1994-present (2005 in progress)

Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Reports (10 year period) Reports collected for period of 1994-present (2005 in progress)

Pre-operations environmental reports (Final Environmental Statements) In Progress

Data Analysis (completion goal: winter 2006/2007) Effluent and solid waste activities, electrical generation, collective

dose All data analyzed for period of 1993-present

REMP data (pathways, doses, meteorological conditions) In progress

Statistics Modeling (projected impact)


NATC U.S. Effluent Database

Developed to satisfy needs of U.S. and international organizations Format – U.S. NRC Reg. Guide 1.21

reports and UNSCEAR Raw and un-normalized values (Ci

and GBq) for individual units and sites (operating and shutdown)

Normalized values (activity vs. net electrical energy, not the best)

Collective effective dose calculated (UNSCEAR)


SOURCES AND EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION

United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation UNSCEAR 2000 Report to the General Assembly,with scientific annexes

Volume I: SOURCES

Publications


Liquid and Gaseous Activity Released from Pressurized Water Reactors: International Data (1980-2004)

CEPN

December 2005

Publications


Effluent Release Trends Important to evaluate release

trends, especially as nuclear power generation steadily increases in the U.S. through relicensing, power uprates, and possible new construction

Trends evaluated for un-normalized and normalized data (better reflect particular operating conditions and no skewed values, but public doesn’t care)


Effluent Impacts Although effluent releases are well below regulatory limits

(1%) it is important to continually monitor and scrutinize your effluent release program Effluent releases have a direct financial impact on nuclear liability

insurance premiums via the ERF program. There is also an indirect financial impact. Performance information also plays an important part in the development of insurance risk profiles that support loss control strategies at each nuclear power plant facility.

As technology improves, MDAs will decrease and what may not have been there in the past, may now appear

Increased environmental findings at several operating and decommissioned plants

Public perception and confidence (Reputation!)


website.lineone.net/ ~jean.cheesman/Arooster2.jpg


Gaseous Tritium TrendsTotal Gaseous Tritium Released

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Years

To

tal R

aw R

elea

se (

Ci) PWR

BWR


Liquid Tritium TrendsTotal Liquid Tritium Released

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Years

To

tal R

aw R

elea

se (

Ci)

PWR

BWR


Dose Determination

Dose determination performed to evaluate the human effects of effluents

Currently NATC uses UNSCEAR effluent dose assessment model (for average trends) Uses “representative” environmental conditions

and population density Collective effective dose per unit of electrical

energy generated (normalized release divided by calculated collective doses per unit release – from dose pathway models)


Total Gaseous Tritium Collective Effective Dose

1.E+01

1.E+02

1.E+03

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Years

CE

D (

man

mS

v/G

W a

)

PWR

BWR

Gaseous Tritium CED


Total Liquid Tritium Collective Effective Dose

1.E+00

1.E+01

1.E+02

1.E+03

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Years

CE

D (

man

mS

v/G

W a

)

PWR

BWR

Liquid Tritium CED


REMP Study

Purpose Validate effluent releases Evaluate correlations

(plant type, radwaste systems, etc.)

Track program changes Evaluate pathway

significance Calculate general

collective dose 10 years (1995-2004)


REMP Study Components

Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Reports

Summary Data Analysis Type and # of measurements

Direct radiation, air iodine/particulates, fish and inverts, milk, sediments, vegetation (broadleaf), water (drinking, surface, ground, well)

Indicator location - mean, low and high Control location mean, low and high # of non-routine values


REMP Study Analysis

Statistics Regression analysis, ANOVA, ANCOVA SAS

Significance (if any) by plant type (PWR/BWR), sister plant, age, electrical generation, etc.

Comparison with effluents “Overall” plant release balance (effluents/solid

waste) Public dose analysis New model development (EPRI?)


REMP Study Conclusions

Next year’s workshop – complete results Even over last 10 years, drastic cutback of

REMP programs Need greater emphasis on ground and well

water monitoring (most non-routine results) Very difficult to quantify/compare REMP w/

RETS Natural background, lld’s, etc.


Acknowledgements

David W. Miller, Ph.D. University of Illinois/NATC/AEP, Cook Nuclear Plant

US NRC PDR Staff US NPP RETS-REMP staff

Funding provided by NATC, NPP utilities, EPRI and DoE OCRWM Fellowship Program


Questions?

Thank You!

[email protected], [email protected]

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