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INDENTURED SERVANTS
• Europeans who came to the colonies under contract for labor (3 to 7 years)• Received transportation, food, clothing, lodging
and other necessities during the time of indenture
TRADE AND NAVIGATION ACTS
• 1651• Restricted foreign shipping for trade between
England and its colonies with purpose of:• 1. More profit for England• 2. Stop trade with other countries
MAYFLOWER COMPACT
• Written by Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower as a covenant to obey the rules• Women not included
ROGER WILLIAMS
• Founded the colony of Rhode Island for religious toleration due to religious persecution by Puritans
GREAT PURITAN MIGRATION
• 1629 to 1640• King Charles I dissolved Parliament• Prevents Puritan leaders from working within the
system to effect change• Made them vulnerable to persecution• Twenty thousand men, women, and children
migrate to MBC
NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERATION
• Military alliance consisting of New England colonies with purpose of uniting Puritans against Native Americans
FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCES
• Puritan idea to practice their religion freely and their desire to promote religious tolerance
JONATHAN EDWARDS
• Key Christian preacher of the 1st Great Awakening • Preached against wealth in churches• Sermons were geared toward youth who believed
that did not fit in
HALFWAY COVENANT
• Devised in response to dwindling church attendance• Allowed non-church member parents to have
their children baptized as long as they agreed to raise the children in the church
SALEM WITCH TRIALS
• Occurs 1692-93 colonial Massachusetts• Common belief that the devil caused disease and
other natural catastrophes• Brought on by hysteria and accusations of
teenaged girls believed to be afflicted• 200 people accused, 20 people executed
CITY ON A HILL
• Phrase from 1630 sermon given by John Winthrop• Telling the colonists of MBC that their capital city
of Boston would be the model of Christianity that the world would be watching
WILLIAM PENN
• Quaker founder of Pennsylvania• Founded as haven of religious toleration• Noted for making and not breaking treaties with
Native Americans
PROPRIETARY COLONY
• Colonies that were granted to an individual or group by the British crown and had full rights of self-government• Ex. Maryland and Pennsylvania
CHARTER COLONIES
• A type of colony in which an individual or group had to first obtain a charter to establish the colony• The King established the rules under which the
colony was to be governed through the charter• Ex. Connecticut and MBC
ROYAL COLONY
• Colonies governed by the King’s appointed officials• By the start of the Am. Rev. only Rhode Island
and Connecticut were not royal colonies
PETER ZENGER TRIAL/1735
• As publisher of the New York Weekly Journal, Zenger is arrested for printing libelous comments about the governor of New York, William Cosby• Zenger is found not guilty• Important case in the foundations of freedom of
speech in America
KING PHILIP’S WAR
• 1675-1676• Caused by the continued invasion of Puritans onto
Native American land• Led by Metacomet, chief of the Wampanoag
Indians who was called King Philip by the Puritans• After the fighting ended, only a few isolated
Indian communities survived
GEORGE WHITEFIELD
• Probably the most famous religious figure of the eighteenth century• Traveled the colonies 1730s and 1740s preaching
to large crowds• His impact help begin the Great Awakening
GREAT AWAKENING
• The widespread colonial revival of religion• Considered to be an American version of the
Protestant Reformation• Decadence was condemned with calls for purity
and piety
THOMAS HOBBES
• Author of Leviathon• Philosophy centered around life in a state of
nature with no rules would be brutal and short• Believed in a social contract where the state kept
peace and order• Believed an absolute monarchy was the best form
of government
MERCANTILISM
• Theory of trade in which a nation should export more than it imports• “Favorable balance of trade”• Developed in Europe after the decline of
feudalism• Governments enacted policies that protected
their business interests against foreign competition
BACON’S REBELLION
• Virginia 1675-1676• Led by Nathaniel Bacon which began as the
indiscriminate attacks on Native Americans• Escalated to attacks on the colonial capital of
Jamestown when Virginia governor William Berkeley attempted to stop Bacon’s attacks on Native American communities
HARVARD COLLEGE
• Founded in 1636 and located in Cambridge, Massachusetts• Oldest institution of higher learning in the United
States
MIDDLE PASSAGE
• Of the triangular slave trade, it was the voyage from Africa to colonies in the Americas• Estimated that 1 in every 6 Africans died during
this leg of the passage• Other terms associated:• Tight packers and loose packers• Olaudah Equiano
PHYLLIS WHEATLY
• Most famous of the African American writers during the revolutionary period• Her book “Poems on Various Subjects, Religious
and Moral was published in 1773• Her works centered around religion and concern
for African Americans
SEPARATISTS
• Radical branch of Puritanism• Believed that the Church of England was too
corrupt to be reformed• Sought to completely separate from the C of E
HOUSE OF BURGESSES
• Established in Virginia 1619• First body of representative government in the
English colonies
ANNE HUTCHINSON
• Outspoken wife of a Puritan merchant• Criticized certain Boston ministers for not acting
pious• Excommunicated and banished from MBC• Resettled in Rhode Island
WILLIAM BRADFORD
• Led the voyage of Pilgrims to form Plymouth Colony• Drafted the Mayflower Compact• Served as governor for over 30 years
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
• 1754-1763• AKA 7 Years War in Europe• Fought for control of N. America between the
British and the French and their Indian allies• Some effects included:• British began to impose stricter control over the
colonies• Colonists began to develop a sense of identity
separate from England
JOHN LOCKE
• English philosopher• Believed that the purpose of government was to
protect a person’s natural rights• “Life, liberty, and property”
IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY
• Confederation of six Indian tribes across upper New York • Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca,
and Tuscarora • Played a strategic role between the French and
British for trade and during war
HEADRIGHT SYSTEM
• Instituted by the Virginia Company to solve labor issues in the colonies• Awards of large plantations to wealthy colonists
on the condition that they transport workers from England at their own cost
SALUTARY NEGLECT
• Britain's unofficial policy to relax the enforcement of strict trade laws, imposed on the American colonies late in the 17th and early 18th century• Started by prime minister Robert Walpole• Allowed the American colonies to prosper by
trading with countries other than England• Then spend that wealth on British-made goods• Unintended side effect:• Colonies operated independently of Britain• Economically and politically• Developed an American identity
ALBANY PLAN OF UNION
• Proposal of B. Franklin to organize Indian affairs, western settlement, and other items of mutual interest under authority of one general government• British feared that they might not be able to
control the union• Colonies rejected the idea fearing loss of their
autonomy