1618-1648

Thirty Years War

Weapons of the 30 Years War

Wall GunSimilar to a musket

but could not be shoulder fired

Defensive weaponShot-lead balls andcould be wheeled around

Wheelock pistol

Matchlock Musket

Origins of the War

In 1555, the Peace of Augsburg was signedThis document said the ruler picks the

religionThis will not end all conflicts between

Catholics and Protestants Calvinists had made gains in a number of German

states

The Bohemian Period

1618-1625 (Bohemian Revolt)Spain sent troops to help the Catholics

The Bohemian Period

In 1618 Protestants threw three members of the Bohemian Royal Council (Catholics) out of windows because they violated this freedom of religion

They fell 70 feet and landed on a pile of manure

The Bohemian Period ends with a Catholic and Habsburg victory

Defenestration of Prague

The Danish Period

1625-1629 (Danish intervention) The Danes fight against the Catholics

This period ends with a Habsburg and Catholic victory

Swedish Phase

1636-1648 France is largely Catholic, but enters the war

against her rivals, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire The French wish to keep the German states broken up

and therefore weakerSweden joined France

End of the War

The war ends with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 Every nation has a right to self-determination (the

right to become a country) Established international law meant to have enduring

peaceGermany remains divided but gains rights to

make treaties This further weakens the power of the Holy Roman

Empire

Peace of Westphialia

Peace of Westphalia

Netherlands gained independence from SpainSweden gained landFrance emerged as the strongest power in

Europe

Casualties

30 years war is the most devastating war in Europe outside of the First & Second World Wars

Approx. 12 million people died

German male population reduced by half

Partner work

With a partner of your choice, your job is to do the following:

Create 25 multiple choice questions that cover everything for this unit

Provide an A, B, C and D and circle the answer This is meant to help you review for the test