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Interpretation
It is clear from table number 5.10.2 that the value of χ2
come to out to be signif icant at 0.01 level of confidence (table
value of χ2 at 0.01 level for 4df = 13.277)in case of level of
agreement regarding progressive Increase in number of schools
and Physical Education teachers in Himachal Pradesh
The analysis of the table reveals that concentration of
frequencies exhibit ing level of agreement regarding progressive
Increase in number of schools and Physical Education teachers in
Himachal Pradesh lies towards the +ve side of the scale. From
this it may be interpreted that in signif icantly a higher number of
administrators have authentic belief that there is a progressive
increase in the number of schools and Physical Education
teachers in Himachal Pradesh.
Present Scheme of Grants for Promotion of Sports in Schools
and College
The Government of India launched a new scheme entit led “
Assistance of recreation of Urban Sports Infrastructure” during
the current f inancial year 2010-11as a pilot scheme for two years
before it is considered for conversion to a regular after due
evaluation. The following entit ies will be el igible to receive
assistance for creation of sports infrastructure under this scheme
i.e. State Government, Local Civic Body, Schools, Colleges and
Universit ies under Central/State Government and Sports Control
Boards. The proposal from Himachal Pradesh Government in this
regard is construction of Synthetic Hockey Field at Indira
Stadium, Una, Himachal Pradesh. Depending upon the viabi l ity of
the proposal and availabi l ity of budget, admissible f inancial
assistance will be provided to the states (Government of India,
Ministry of Youth affairs and Sports, New Delhi, 2011).
Centrally sponsored sports infrastructure scheme including
the schemes for promotion of sports in school have been
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transferred to state sector w.e.f . 1/04/05 (Government of India,
Ministry of Youth affairs and Sports, New Delhi, 2011). According
to Daisy Rani (2007), This scheme aims at promotion of sports
amongst the students of schools Colleges. The scheme is
designed for:
1. Creation of Infrastructure
2. Coaching and Tournaments
Participation in Foreign Tournaments
Participat ion in foreign tournaments will be decided by the
Select ion Committee.
No participat ion in foreign tournaments shall be permitted
unless preceded by though coaching/training camps.
Government Coaching/Training Schemes
a. Government Shall bear the cost of coaching/training of the
school National teams in l imited number of sports discipline
with a view to prepare them for meaningful part icipation
international where part icipation is agreed to by the
government in principle.
b. The coaching/training shall be conducted by the school
game federation of India as far as feasible in the regional
centre of Sports Authority of India. If it is not possible, the
arrangements shall be worked out by SAI and AIU, such
that SAI will always have ful l control over the activit ies in
the camp.
c. Government may also consider holding of summer and
winter coaching camps in one or more of the discipline
given below subjects to availabil ity of funds.
Discipline Maximum number of persons
1. Athletics (Men & Women) 100
2. Hockey (Men) 36
3. Hockey (Women) 36
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4. Foot bal l (Men) 36
5. Basketball (Men) 18
6. Basketball (Women) 18
7. Volleyball (Men) 21
8. Volleyball (Women) 21
9. Wrestling (Men) 40
10. Badminton (Men) 16
11. Badminton (Women) 16
12. Table tennis (Men) 16
13. Weightlif t ing (Men) 30
d. School Games Federation of India shall obtain prior
sanction of the Government, in principle, for each camp, at
the beginning of the year. The details indicat ing national
camp/tournament, number of camps, number of participation
in each camp, duration, venue and detail with regard to
expenditure involved must be submitted along with
applicat ion. The rates for calculating the expenses should
be the rates approved by the government from time to t ime
for holding of such camps. SGFI shall , however, not charge
the government for the use of their non-consumable
facil it ies. The services of the coaches available with SAI
could be uti l ized by SGFI Depending upon the availabi l ity of
the funds. The government shall release only 50% of the
estimated expenditure submitted by SGFI in the beginning
of a particular year and remaining amount, If any, shall be
disbursed in the subsequent year on furnishing of exact
details of expenditure by AIU.
e. Government shall bear the travell ing expenses of the
athletes for reporting at the camps and for going back. This
is l imited to the single second class rai l fare plus sleeper
reservation charges though the shortest route from the
place of residence to the place of camp. Where rail services
are not available, it would be the actual bus fare of ordinary
class. Incidental charges at the rate of Rs. 40/- for every 24
166
hours of journey or part there of shall be paid in addit ion.
The amount is disbursed by SAI on the arrival and the
admission in the camp. The expenses incurred by SAI on
conducting the coaching/ training camps shall be disbursed
by the government on submission of the claims showing the
basis of calculat ion.
Scheme for Promotion of Yoga Education and Practice in
University
The scheme has been init iated during 1993-94. The
objective of the scheme is to create a competent facil ity manned
by tradit ionally trained persons for yoga education and practice
for use of the students/teachers in the schools SGFI provides
assistance to universit ies for building including housing for the
yoga centre and recurring expenditure involved in managing the
yoga centre.
National Discipline Scheme of Government of India
The scheme was popular in all schools providing physical
instructors by the government. Later this scheme was integrated
with ‘National Fitness Corps” which included N.C.C., A.C.C.,
Scouting and Safety Education Schemes now known as N.F.C.
Scheme for Promotion of Adventure
For implementation of the scheme of adventure sports for
schools college students, SGFI signed a Memorandum of
Understanding with NAF in Oct, 1992. The object ive of this
scheme is to create and foster amongst youth a spir it of
cooperative team work, adventure and capacity to bear stress and
love for nature. This scheme also intends to create and
strengthen institutional structures to supports adventure
programmes (S.R. Sharma and G.P. Gautam, 2000).
167
Sports Promotional Schemes of sports Authority of I ndia
In order to promote sports and games in the country, the
following sports promotional schemes are also being implemented
by SAI though its Regional Centres for spotting and nurturing
talented chi ldren by providing them requisite faci lit ies in terms of
sports infrastructure, sports equipment, competit ion exposure,
and scientif ic coaching etc. A talent scouting is under taken by
the SAI through State Sports Departments under the various
schemes; some of them are given below:
a. National Sports Talent Contest (NSTC) Scheme
The NSTC scheme is launched in 1985 to scout the talent
among school boys and gir ls in the age group of 9-12 years
though a battery of tests for 10 identif ied Olympic discipl ines.
These disciplines are Athletics, Badminton, Basketball,
Gymnastics, Hockey, Swimming, Table Tennis, Football,
Volleyball and Wrestl ing. And also ensure admission in adopted
schools of SAI for their scientif ic training to achieve excellence in
sports in national and international competit ions. At present 29
schools (including 8 day boarding) and two Akharas are
functioning throughout the country. The entire expenditure is
borne by the Sports Authority of India.
b. Sports Project Development Area (SPDA) Scheme
The Sports Project Development Area (SPDA) Scheme was
launched in 1988 to provide an integrated, planned and
systematic approach for creation of sports infrastructure along
with providing coaching, hostel and equipment support for
talented sportspersons in the age group of 9-14 years with the
consultat ion of State Governments. Such SPDA Centres over 80-
100 development blocks having linkages with SAI Regional
Centres at national level and Bloc Nodal Centres at grass root
level. A maximum of 4 Olympic disciplines based on the
popularity of the game in that area, are offered for training at
168
each SPDA Centre. The cost of the Scheme is shade on 50:50
basis by SAI and the concerned states. In case of States of north-
east region of the country the cost of centre is shared on 80:20
basis by SAI and the concerned states.
c. Army Boys Sports Companies (ABSC) Scheme
Army Boys Sports Companies (ABSC) Scheme is
established in 1991 with the collaborat ion of the Indian Army. It is
an extension of National Sports Talent Contest (NSTC) Scheme
to scout talented boys in the age group 8-14 years from rural,
semi-urban and tribal areas for admitt ing them into the
Regimental Centres of the Army aff i l iated to the Central Board of
Secondary Education (CBSE). A talent hunting team visits into
adjoining areas, as well as interschool competit ions for select ion
of talented boys for recruitment. Selection is based on SAI
battery test. Thereafter, they are given scient ic training in 10
discipl ines Athletics, Archery, Boxing, Basketball, Gymnastics,
Hockey, Swimming, Football, Volleyball and Wrestling. At the age
of 17 years and completion of X t h standard, the student who do
not pursue normal education can be recruited in the various
trades in the Army. At present there are 16 ABSCs at Bangalore
(2 Centre) Barei l ly, Belgaum, Danapur, Delhi, Hyderabad
(Golconda), Jabalpur, Kirkee (Pune), Nasik, Ranikhet, Roorkee,
Shil l ing (2 Centres ARC/GTC) and Subathu to train the students.
d. Sports Hostel Scheme
This scheme was introduced in 1986 to impart coaching,
training and nutri t ional support to the sportspersons who have
attained advance level of sports prof iciency at the state level to
enable them to take a berth in the national team. SAI provides
coaches, sports kit , playing facil it ies, sports equipments, medical
assistance and insurance cover, pocket al lowance, TA/DA for
participat ion in competit ion and coaching camps. There are 18
hostels at Alwar, Bilaspur (HP), Calcutta, Calicut, Chandigarh,
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Chennai, Cuttuck, Dimapur, Gandhinagar, Gauhati, Goa, Imphal,
Kandivi l i (Mambai), Secunderabad and si l l iguri.
e. Special Areal Games (SAG) scheme
This scheme was introduced in 1985 to scouting of natural
talent from tribal, rural and coastal areas of the country, keeping
in mind the physical attr ibute of the people required for achieving
excellence in a particular discipl ine like Archery, Shooting,
Athletics, Water Sports, Gymnastics, Contact sports (Judo),
Weight l if t ing and Fencing etc. The selected talented boys and
gir ls are admitted in the SAG Centres (Aizawl, Alleppy,
Bangalore, Bi laspur, Delhi, Gandhinagar, Imphal Jagatpur,
Jodhpur, Port Blair, Ranchi and Tell icherry) for scient if ic training.
f. SAI Training Centres (STC)
For Reviewing of the sports promotional schemes, the
Sports Hostel Scheme and Sports Project Development Area
(SPDA) Scheme is merged as SAI training Centres by the
government body. These cater to chi ldren in the group of 14-21
years. At present there are 40 SAI training Centres in the country.
g. Centre of Excellence
As a natural corol lary to the Sub-Junior and Junior
Schemes, the Centres of Excellence are extension of The SAI
Training Centres Scheme. A scheme has been introduced to set
up centres of Excellence at all the six Regional Centres of SAI to
attract and train meritorious sports persons with potential for
international level excellence. Selection to the Centres of
Excellence is done on merit from amongst outstanding
sportspersons who have won medals or dist inguished themselves
at the senior National level competit ions for further training at the
Regional Centres of SAI for nearly 200 days in a year. They are
provided with the state of art facil it ies, equipment and scient if ic
back up along with specialized training. These Centres of
Excellence would, in fact, be operating as regular coaching
170
camps for the best available talent in India and provide two or
possibly three concurrent layers of hil ly ski l led sports persons-
giving a wider choice of talent and continuity for later select ion to
National Teams. Trainees have been selected for training at
various centres of Excellence at SAI regional Centres, in the
discipl ines of Athletics, Boxing, Hockey, Badminton, Swimming,
Lawn Tennis, Kabaddi, Table-Tennis and Weight Lif t ing.
Scheme for Sports Coaching Camp at the School Level
Himachal Pradesh due to its topography and economic
backwardness may not be in a posit ion to develop sports on large
scale but the efforts being made by government is quite
commendable. There is no denying the facts that the youth
constitutes the nucleus for competit ive sports and that only l ies in
the education insti tution. Himachal Pradesh University during a
span of 40 years has taken many strides to bring excellence in
competit ive sport but that is not enough and we have to go long
way in our future ventures. There is no denying that sports
facil it ies in higher learning inst itutions of Himachal Pradesh are
bare minimum but that too have not bee exploited to its optimum.
There is no dearth of sports talent in Himachal Pradesh if offered
right opportunity and basic faci l i t ies.
To popularize the sports and games, to involve maximum
numbers of students in sports activit ies, also to tap the talent and
to raise the standard of sports in the colleges, University wil l
organizing the coaching camps in dif ferent games in dif ferent
district. Deeping in view the interest, infrastructure and potential
of the game in part icular areas.
Sports Promotional Schemes of Sports Department of
Himachal Pradesh
The main function and schemes of Sports Department of
Himachal Pradesh are given below:-
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1. Grant-in-Aid to Himachal Pradesh Sports Council:
The Himachal Pradesh Sports council has been constituted
to boost the act ivit ies of Sports in the Pradesh. Assistance is
provided for organization of various sports act ivates which
include grant-in-aid t recognized State Sports Associations,
voluntary sports clubs, District Sports councils, organizat ion of
rural/women sports tournaments, coaching camps, Dr. Y.S.
Parmar Memorial Volleyball tournament and cash awards to
outstanding sports persons, Sports day & Sports for Special
players.
2. Stipend for NIS Trainees and Scholarship to Non-
student Sports persons:
An amount of Rs. 2400/- per annum per player is given to
NIS trainees and Rs. 1,200/- per annum per player is given to
non-student sports persons of the state. Number of sportspersons
is being benefited under this scheme.
3. Organization of Coaching/Mobile coaching camps:
Regular coaching & Mobile coaching is provided in a
scient if ic way by the department at various coaching centers
being run by the state prior to part icipation in various state, sub
junior, junior and senior national tournaments to the selected
players of the state.
4. Purchase of Sports equipments:
Funds for the purchase of consumable and non-consumable
sports equipments for various distr ict coaching centers, Sports
Hostels and Indoor stadium of the Pradesh are being provide for
purchase of sports equipment.
5. Opening of Sports hostel:
Two Sports Hostels, one at Una and other at Bilaspur are
functioning in the game of Wrestling, Athletics, Judo, Volleyball,
Hockey, Handball and Kabaddi respectively. Presently, 140 sports
172
persons are undergoing training in these sports hostels. The
inmates are being provided free boarding and lodging medical
and sports kit by the Department.
6. Construction of Playfields:
Himachal Pradesh being a hil ly state cannot construct big
stadiums/ sports f ields at every place. Therefore, as per the
sports results and popularity of the games in a particular area,
the Government of Himachal Pradesh has launched a scheme
namely, construction of playf ields. Earl ier an amount to Rs. 50,
000/- was the maximum amount sanctioned under the scheme out
of which 75% funds were met by the state Government and 25%
funds were met by the sponsoring agency. Form 2009-10, the
scheme has been amended. Now maximum Rs. 1.00 lac. 100% is
being provided to the sponsoring agency by the State
Government under Non-Plan and SCP Schemes.
7. Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan Scheme:
Youth, as defined in, the National Youth Policy (13-15
years) consti tutes nearly 40% of India’s populat ion. I f we add
together al l chi ldren, adolescents, and young men and women in
the country, the percentage rises to about 77% Sports and games
constitute a crit ical component of youth development. At present,
students are afforded sports and games opportunit ies in the
schools and Universit ies and though various sports Associat ions.
In order to identify the hidden talent available in the vi l lages of
this country in sports and games and provide them opportunit ies
to exhibit their talent through vi l lage panchayat, games and in
order to involve the vil lage youth and improve the standard of
games as well as improve performance level of the participants
the Govt. of India has launched new scheme namely, Panchayat
Yuva krida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA) during 2008-09. The
Salient features of the scheme are as under:-
a. Durat ion of the Scheme: 2008-09 to 2016-17.
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b. Number of Vil lage Pannchayat/ All Panchayats 3243
Panchayats, Blocks to be covered: 77 Blocks.
c. Year wise perc entage of: First 4 years 10% and
Panchayat/Block remaining year 12%.
Details of the Components of the Scheme
� One Time Capital Seed Grant for Vil lage Panchayat:
Rs. 1.00 lac to each Panchayat will be proided as one-t ime
seed capital grant. This wil l be shared on 90:10 basis
between the central and state Government respectively for
the development of sports infrastructure at vi l lage
Panchayat level.
i. Uniform Grant
Rs. 5.00 lac to each Block wil l be provided Uniform grant.
This will be contributed on 90:10 basis between the central and
state Government respectively for the development of sports
infrastructure at block level.
a. Annual Acquisition Grant
Rs. 10,000/- to each vi l lage panchayat and Rs. 20,000/- to
each Block Panchayat wil l be provided. The Central Government
will provide 100% grant for 5 years, thereafter, the State
Government would bear the expenditiure.
b. Annual Operational Grant
Rs. 12, 000/- per annum to each vil lage panchayat and Rs.
24,000/- annum to each block panchayat. The Central
Government will provide 100% grant for 5 years, thereafter, the
State Government wil l provide the 1000% grant to meet
operational expenses of non competit ion activates, including
honorarium to Kridashree, mainantanance of infrastructure etc.
for Sports equipment and repair and maintensance etec. The
Kridashree wil l be el igible for monthly honorarium for Rs. 500/-
per month at vi l lage level and Rs. 1000/- at the Block level.
174
ii. Annual Competi tion Grant
Rs. 10,000/- for each game maximum for 5 games at Blick
level, Rs. 30,000/- each Game, maximum 10 games at District
Level and Rs. 1.00 lac each game maximum 10 Games at State
level as 100% central grant wil l be provided.
8. Organization of Women Sports Tournament:
Women sports tournament at Block, District & State Level is
organized by the Department every year. State teams participate
in the National Women Sports Tournament organized at dif ferent
venues of the country. For the conduct of district level Rs. 10,
000/- per discipline for 12 sports discipl ine and Rs. 50,000/- per
discipl ine for the State level wil l be provide respectively.
9. Grant-in-aid to Sports Associations:
Himachal Pradesh Sports Council provides grant-in-aid to
various sports associations for the promotion of sports in the
State. In addition to this, special grant for the organizat ion of
North Zone National level tournaments are also provided to the
State Associations whenever they organize
competit ions/tournaments of this level. As per the categories of
Associations Annual Grant is Rs. 75000, 50,000, & 35, 000/-
respectively to categories A, B & C classif ied games.
10. Financial Assistance under Central Sponsored Sc heme:
The Govt. of India releases funds for N.S.S activit ies in the
ratio of 75:25 as Central and State Share. Presently, National
Services Scheme is being implemented in 84 colleges and 630
Senior Secondary schools covering 71500 students of the State.
Under N.S.S activit ies, students get an opportunity to develop
their personality though combined participation in social service,
involvement in the task of National building etc. Such type of
work experience helps the students in gett ing self confidence
which further helps them in bui lding their career.
175
11. Cash Award to Outstanding Sportspersons:
Cash Awards are given to outstanding sportspersons of the
state on the basis of their achievements in the f ield of sports.
Under the Cash Award Rules, an amount of Rs. 1,00,000/-, Rs.
60,000/- and Rs. 40,000/- respectively are given to the winners of
Gold, Si lver and Bronze in International level Sports events.
Similar a cash prize of Rs. 20,000/- and Rs. 6,000/- respectively
is given to the winners of Gold, Silver and Bronze in National
level Sports events.
12. Indira Gandhi State Sports Complex at Shimla:
At Indira Gandhi Sports Complex Shimla, faci l it ies for
training in Badmintion Judo, Volleyball, Gymnastics, Table-
Tennis, Boxing, Wrestling, Mart ial Art Game Teakwondo and
Karate are available to the sportspersons. Beside this f itness
centre and aerobic facil it ies are also availale to sportspersons
and as well as to general public.
13. Construction of Stadia
Giving priority to build sports infrastructure in the State,
Department of Youth Services & Sports has laid emphasis for the
construction of stadia in tr ibal/non-tribal distr icts.
(www.youthservice. com.)
SCHEME OF “EXTENSION CENTRE OF STC/SAG CENTRE TO
COVER SCHOOLS/COLLEGES FOR WIDER COVERAGE”
Government Degree College, Hamirpur is the only college in
Himachal Pradesh which has been adopted by the Sports
Authority of India in Discipl ine of Athletics Men & Women under
the Scheme of “Extension Centre of STC/SAG Centre to cover
Schools/Colleges for wider coverage”. Under this scheme to
following faci l it ies/Financial supports is provide to the
inst itution/selected trainees:
176
1. Financial Support
To supports infrastructure and equipment in the identif ied
discipl ine, f inancial supports to the tune of Rs 5000/- per trainee,
per year and not more than 1.00 lakh per annum wil l be provided
by Sports Authority of India.
2. Norms of Facil i t ies to the Trainees
i . Stipend of Rs 6000/- per trainee per year.
i i. Competit ion exposure @ Rs 2000/- per trainee per
year.
i i i . Sports kit @Rs 4000/- per trainee per year.
v. Insurance coverage.
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CHAPTER-VI
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
During the primitive days people used to indulge in sports
for the sake of entertainment. Recreation was the main aim of
sports. Greeks were considered to be f irst who brought physical
education in sports to glorious heights by making the games an
integral part of the national pol icy and education. Slowly the
concept of the sports change from recreation to competit ion.
Today we see the f lood of competit ions at international level,
such as Olympic Games, Asian games, Common wealth games,
SAIF Games, Afro Asian Games etc.
Today sports is considered integral to al l-round
development of one's personality. Making an international mark in
the f ield of sports also has a great bearing on national morale
and prestige. There are a number of agencies which are
established in India with a view to promote sports at various
levels. With the purpose of promotion of sports & games in
schools and to encourage participation in inter-school level
Government of India has started a scheme in the year 1986.
Revised from t ime to t ime, this scheme became effective in its
present form since 1.4.1998. Under this scheme, grant is
provided @ Rs. 50,000/- per district and Rs. 2 lakhs per state to
the Directorate of Sports for holding district and state level inter-
school tournaments. The State performing best at the national
level shall receive an award of Rs. 1 lakh along with a roll ing
trophy. The scheme wil l be operated directly by the State
Government. The School Games Federation of India now
conducts competit ions at the national level for games and sports
for various age groups such as sub-juniors, juniors and seniors
but the boys and girls below the age of 19 can participate.
Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan is also aff i l iated with it as a
separate unit. The competit ions conducted by the federation help
178
school chi ldren to improve their performance and gives them
scope to develop inter-state contacts. The federation is also
aff i l iated with International School Games Federat ion and takes
part in the competit ions held abroad for school pupils. In Senior
Secondary School, teachers qualif ied in physical education are
appointed to teach physical education and sports. Syllabus in
physical education for High School and Senior secondary
schools, is prepared by the respective State Board for
Secondary/Higher Secondary Education, three or four periods a
week are provided for this subject in the time table. For talented
youths, special coaching classes are conducted under the
guidance of qualif ied coaches. Competit ions in sports and games
are organised at Distr ict, State and national level. By way of
incentive, scholarships for prof iciency in games and sports are
awarded every year. Competit ions in Sports at National level are
organized by the All India School Games Federation in
cooperation and f inancial support from State Governments.
Government of Himachal Pradesh in the years 1959 constituted
the State Sports Council to advise them on all matters concerned
sports and games in the Pradesh and also to function as a
coordinat ing agency between various voluntary organizations. In
recent few years, the Government of Himachal Pradesh is
committed to create a support ive environment and a conducive
culture in which all the youth will be encouraged to develop their
full potential as sports persons through provision of appropriate
opportunit ies. Promotion of excellence in sports in various levels
of tournaments would be achieved through the col laborative
efforts of government bodies and private sector. Government of
Himachal Pradesh has reserved 3% seats in Government job for
the outstanding sportsman who bring laurels to the State and
Country in f ield of Sports. The facil it ies created, the sports
programme introduced, the coaches appointed and the incentives
provided attracted the attention of sports persons of government
schools of Himachal Pradesh and helped to bring extra ordinary
179
sports achievement. They have won medals in school national
tournaments with their own resources and st i l l doing a lot for the
development of sports in Himachal Pradesh. Keeping in view the
signif icance of development of sports in Himachal Pradesh
,researcher has selected the present problem.
6.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
“A study of development of sports at school level in
Himachal Pradesh”.
6.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
For the present study the researcher had formulated the
following object ives:
1. To study the availabil ity of sports infrastructure at school
level in Himachal Pradesh.
2. To examine the sports and coaching faci l it ies at school
level in Himachal Pradesh.
3. To examine the f inance and Sports Budget of Himachal
Pradesh School Sports Associat ion since 1971 to 2011(after
gett ing the full statehood status of Himachal Pradesh.
4. To study the sports incentives (DA and refreshments) given
to the players studying in government schools of Himachal
Pradesh.
5. To examine the various sports promoting schemes and their
impact on the development of sports at the school level in
Himachal Pradesh.
6. To examine the number of games in which Himachal
Pradesh School Sports Associat ion participated in school
national games.
7. To examine the achievements/performance of Himachal
Pradesh at school national games.
8. To study the organizational and administrative setup of
sports in Educational Department of Himachal Pradesh
towards schools.
180
9. To f ind out the increase in number of schools and Physical
Education Teachers in Himachal Pradesh.
10. To f ind out the level of sat isfaction of administrators,
experts and players regarding above mentioned object ives.
6.3 HYPOTHEESIS
For the present investigat ion the following hypothesis was
formulated:
1. There would be inadequate sports infrastructure in Govt.
Senior Secondary Schools of Himachal Pradesh.
2. Sports and coaching faci l it ies in schools of Himachal
Pradesh are inadequate.
3. Finances for sports development at school level are not
suff icient.
4. Incentives given to the players and trainers are not
adequate.
5. There is no proper sports pol icy and schemes for
development of sports in schools of Himachal Pradesh.
6. Participat ion and performance in sports at school level in
Himachal Pradesh is not sat isfactory.
6.4 DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The study was delimited in terms of following aspects.
1. The invest igation have been delimited to al l the twelve
districts of H.P. and its aff i l iated govt. senior secondary
schools since 1971 to 2011.
2. Games and sports in which Govt. Senior Secondary
Schools of Himachal Pradesh part icipate at School National
Games have been considered.
3. The study have been delimited to development of sports at
school level in Himachal Pradesh in terms of:
i Infrastructure and physical faci l it ies
i i Organizational and administrative set ·up.
181
ii i. Incentives given to the players and trainers.
4. Sample of administrators, experts selected for t i le purpose
to gather information regarding the research problem have
been delimited to 60 and 120 and the sample of players
have been restricted to 120 including those who have at
least participated in Himachal Pradesh school state games.
5. The records available within the Govt. schools of all
Distr icts of Himachal Pradesh and Directorate of Education
Deptt. has been incorporated in the data f igures for various
academic years w.e.f . 1971 to 2010 after getting full
statehood by Himachal Pradesh.
6.5 LIMITATIONS
1. Due to non-availabil ity of the records of a few years, they
could not be made part of this research project.
2. Data regarding facil it ies and establishment of schools
exist ing before 1970 is not available in directorate of
education.
6.6 SAMPLING
In the present investigat ion the sample considered of 300
respondents have been taken randomly.
The sample consist of 60 administrators (f ive from each
districts of Himachal Pradesh) and 120 experts (Ten from each
districts) and 120 players has been drawn to collect relevant
information regarding development of sports at school level in
Himachal Pradesh.
A. Administrators
60 administrators consist ing of principals working in
Government Senior Secondary Schools of Himachal Pradesh were
selected from all the twelve district of Himachal Pradesh (f ive
from each distr ict).
182
B. Experts
A sample of 120 experts was drawn from all the twelve
districts of Himachal Pradesh. The experts included DPEs and
Physical Education Teachers posted in dif ferent government
schools of all districts of Himachal Pradesh.
C. Players
A sample of 120 players was taken from twelve distr icts of
H.P. While select ing players i t was observed that players
participat ing at H.P. State school sports tournaments 2008 at
Sunder Nagar and Una respectively were taken as player sample.
6.7 TOOLS USED
The following tools were used for the collect ion of data.
1. Questionnaire for Administrators.
2. Questioning for experts.
3. Questioning for players.
4. Schedule.
5. Off ice Records
Besides the above mentioned tools the use of off ice records
of Himachal Pradesh School Sports Association and interviews
were also made for this purpose.
6.8 ANALYSES AND INTERPRETATION
The data in the present study was tabulated systematically
and analyzed by using the techniques of percentages and χ2.
General Conclusions
On the basis of analyses and interpretat ion of data
discussed earlier following conclusions are laid down.
1. Sports Infrastructure :- Majority of respondents from the
sample of administrators under study expressed their
dissat isfaction with sports infrastructure faci l it ies such as
athletics, combat games, aquatics and winter games
183
provided by government of Himachal Pradesh. Hence
hypothesis is accepted.
2. Playing Facil i t ies:- Majority of respondents from the
sample of administrators under study expressed their
dissat isfaction with playing faci l i t ies in big area and indoor
games i.e. football ground, hockey ground, table tennis
court, indoor gym, wrestl ing area , boxing ring and Judo
arena. While administrators expressed their sat isfaction
with playing faci l it ies provided by concerned inst itut ions
concerning Badminton court, Athletic track, Basketball
court, Kho-Kho court, Kabaddi court, and Vollyball court.
On the other hand Majority of respondents from the sample
of experts and players under study expressed their dissatisfaction
with playing faci l i t ies provided to the players by the concerned
inst itutions. Hence hypothesis is accepted.
3. Coaching Facil i t ies:- Majority of respondents from the
sample of administrators under study expressed their
dissat isfaction with coaching faci l it ies regarding holding of
offseason coaching camps and competit ion coaching
camps. While experts are dissatisf ied with holding of
offseason coaching camps and and in case of competit ion
coaching camps experts are sat isf ied.
On the other hand Majority of respondents from the sample
of players under study expressed their satisfaction with the view
that offseason coaching camps and competit ion coaching camps
are organized only sometimes by the concerned inst itutions.
Players were also asked to express their satisfact ion regarding
duration of holding offseason coaching camps and regarding
holding coaching camps before actual competit ion. Majority of
respondents from the sample of players were satisf ied with the
duration of holding offseason coaching camps and regarding
184
holding coaching camps before actual competit ion by the
concerned inst itutions.
4. Budget and Finance:- Himachal Pradesh School Sports
Association has increased its sports budget since its
inception. Entry fee is col lected from its aff i l iated District
School Sports Association for conducting state level school
tournaments besides this grant in aid from government side
is also collected by Himachal Pradesh School Sports
Association for the development of sports in schools at
state and national level. The Himachal Pradesh School
Sports Associat ion also bears the expenses of uniforms,
fooding and lodging for players for the purpose of
participat ion at School National Games. The data shows
that there is a progressive increase in the sports budget of
Himachal Pradesh School Sports Association w.e.f . 1971 to
2011 respectively.
5. Incentives:- The data shows that there is a progressive
increase in the DA and refreshment of the players for the
participat ion at state level and national level tournaments
w.e.f . 1971 to 2011 respectively. It was f ixed @ Rs. 5/- and
Rs. 10/- per student per day at state level and national level
tournament in the year 1971-1972 and it was raised up to
Rs 50/- and Rs 80/- in the state in the year 1999-2000. Now
during the year 2010-11, DA of the players was raised @ Rs
60/- And Rs 125/- for the part icipation of the players at
state level and national level tournaments. Majority of
respondents from the sample of 60 administrators and 120
experts are not satisf ied with the incentives given to the
players at state level and national level tournaments. On
the other hand Majority of respondents from the sample of
players under study expressed their satisfaction with the DA
and refreshment provided to them for the participation only
at national level tournaments and expressed their
185
dissatisfaction with the DA and refreshment provided to
them for the participation at state level tournaments. Hence
hypothesis is accepted.
6. Selection Procedure of Players And Appointment of
Selectors:- Majority of respondents from the sample of 60
administrators and 120 experts has expressed their
dissat isfaction with the Section Procedure Of Players And
Appointment Of Selectors at zonal level tournaments
,however they expressed their sat isfaction with the Section
Procedure Of Players And Appointment Of Selectors at
district, state and national level tournaments.
7. Sports Promoting Schemes:- Sports hostels in Himachal
Pradesh are needed for the purpose of sports promotion in
Himachal Pradesh. Presently Himachal Pradesh Education
Department is running sports hostels with in state in the
game of Hockey, Basketball , Football, and Volleyball at
Paprola, Nadaun, Sundernagar, Majra, Rohru ,Jubbal and
Matiana respectively. All the expenses of fooding ,lodging
and coaching of the players are sponsored by Education
Department of Himachal Pradesh.
Besides this there are also three sports hostels in Himachal
Pradesh managed by sports authority of India and by Youth
Service and Sports Department of Himachal Pradesh at
Dharamshala, Bi laspur and Una respectively. In these hostels
many players studying in the government schools of Himachal
Pradesh are avail ing coaching facil it ies (between age group of 14
years up to 21 years olds). Dharamshala sports hostel is only for
gir ls.
Majority of respondents from the sample of 60
administrators has expressed their dissatisfaction with availabil ity
of the playing faci l it ies which are include in Sports Promoting
Schemes such as Professionally Trained Personsand Lack of
186
professional Leadership.The sample of administrators has also
expressed their satisfaction with availabil ity of the playing
facil it ies such as availabi l ity of Proper Play Ground, Latest
equipments required and Sports faci l it ies required.
On the other hand about holding of Intra-mural programmes
with in the inst itut ions and need of sports hostels , majority of
respondents from the sample of experts are strongly in the favour
that intra-mural programmes with in the schools plays a very vital
role in sports promotion schemes.
8. Participation in Number of Games at School Nati onal
Games:- The data shows that there is a progressive
increase in the participat ion in number of games in boys
and girls sect ion in the age group of under-19 at School
National Games w.e.f 1973-74 to 2010-2011. Himachal
Pradesh School Sports Association has increased its
participat ion in number of games at school national games
in boys and gir ls section both in the year of 1973-74 boys
and girls sportsperson part icipated in 06 and 02 games
respectively, but during the year of 2010 and 2011
participat ion at nat ional level in maximum number of games
raised up to 14 and 12 respectively.
9. Sports Performance:- The data shows that there is a
progressive increase in the sports performance of Himachal
Pradesh School Sports Associat ion in U-19 boys and gir ls
sections (both) at School National Games w.e.f . 1976 to
2011. During the year 1976 to U-19 boys 1981 Himachal
Pradesh has won four medals and U-19 girls did not won
any medal and started to win medals during the years 1981
to 1986 gir ls won four medals in School National Games. A
progressive increase in the sports performance was
recorded in both boys and gir ls during the years 2006 to
2011 and boys won 15 medals and gir ls won thirteen medals
in School National Games. The data also shows a
187
progressive increase in game wise performances of
sportspersons of Himachal Pradesh at School National
Games in boys and girls sections w.e.f . 1971 to 2011.
Maximum 33 medals were won by boxers Athletes and
Kabaddi players have won seventeen medals, Wrestlers 16,
Volleyball , Hockey players and judo players 16, 09, 08 and
06 medals at School National Games. Handball, basketball
and Kho-Kho has also won four medals each in School
National Games.
However results of the study also reveals that Percentage
responses of the sample of 120 Experts relates to the level of
satisfaction regarding sports performance of the players studying
in schools of Himachal Pradesh at national level ,majority of
respondents are not satisf ied with sports performance of the
players Himachal Pradesh at School National Games.
1. Organizational And Administrative Set Up of Spor ts and
Physical Education in Himachal Pradesh Education
Department:- Each school is governed by certain posit ional
heads and other staff who shape the physical education and
sports department of the institution. The organizational and
administrative set up of sports and physical education
activit ies at school level in Himachal Pradesh depicts with
Himachal Pradesh Govt. Ordinance that Himachal Pradesh
Government shall appoint two whole t ime Directors of
Education (one for Higher Education and one for
Elementary Education Department). Directors of Higher
Education shall be directly responsible to the Secondary
Education and will be the President of Himachal Pradesh
School Sports Associat ion for organizing games, sports,
athletics, training camps and other physical activit ies for the
students studying in schools of twelve districts of Himachal
Pradesh. However Deputy Director of Physical Education at
Directorate of Higher Education wil l be the Secretary of
188
Himachal Pradesh School Sports Association and bears the
responsibi l ity to Conduct school state games and wil l be
incharge of the gymnasia, playground and sports
equipments of Himachal Pradesh school sports council.
At Distr ict Level Assistant Distr ict Physical Education
Off icer (ADPEO) wil l look after the working of the school sports
and games. Presently two posts of ADPEO’s exists in every
districts of Himachal Pradesh (One of Higher Education
Department and other of Elementary Education Department).
Demonstrator of Physical Education (DPE) and Physical
Education Teacher (PET) are experts of physical education and
sports, who are working in all the twelve districts of Himachal
Pradesh. They impart coaching to the pupils in al l the games and
athletics according to the climate conditions. DPE’s of Senior
Secondary Schools are also teaching the theory and practical of
physical education subject.
Recommendations
1. The intensive survey ref lects that majority of inst itutions do
not have adequate space for playground. Many games
requires spacious, f lat, open area for their conduct and
pract ice. The geographic terrains of Himachal Pradesh
poses a hindrance in this regard. Therefore it is
recommended that such sports should be encouraged which
requires lesser space.
2. The extreme climate condit ions in some areas of Himachal
Pradesh prevent activit ies related with sports for l imited
period of t ime. To encourage sports even during adverse
climatic conditions it is strongly recommended that there
should be at least one indoor gymnasium in every education
inst itutions. The facil ity of indoor stadium will be a great
boon for games like boxing, wrest ling. Weightlif t ing, jodo,
volleyball etc. al l the year round.
189
3. Survey of sports development in schools of Himachal
Pradesh shows that there are very few inst itution which are
well equipped indoor gymnasium. Very less f inancial
assistance is available in this regard. However, there are
certain agencies that can provide assistance in this regard.
The heads of these agencies and the funds that they can
allocate in this respect, Agencies Himachal Pradesh
government, sports authority of India, factory owners or
private companies, publication of books, magazines,
journals which contain commercial advert isement and
sponsors.
4. Offseason coaching and training camps are an essential
prerequisite for school players. These preparat ion camps
would prove very beneficial for the players. And for inter
University level players coaching camp of minimum one
month is an essential; pre- requisite. If an inst itut ion is
running short of funds to organize such camps then the
heads of the inst itution should be able to arrange the
f inance by divert ing funds from other sources and by
exhort ing dif ferent agencies to provide funds for this
purpose.
5. In order to develop schools and colleges, Government
should ensure that there is a sports complex in each school
should also hold sports competit ions and championships in
these schools coaching facil it ies should also be provided in
these institutions in the area of their specialization. The
outstanding and talented boys and gir ls of various games
should be exposed to various competit ions at the state level
and services of the best coaches may be provided to them
so as to achieve excellence in their respective disciplines.
6. There is an immediate requirement of appointing more
DPE’s ,PET’s and coaches. The number of DPE’s and PET’s
190
in the insti tution should be appointed keeping in view the
number of students in an inst itut ion. Frequent matches
before the actual competit ion would enhance the
performance and ensure acclimatization and team spir it
among the players of a team. Weaknesses and gray areas
can be identif ied.
7. Fair selection of players where only the meritorious and the
best players are selected impartial ly is very important. For
the fair select ion the committee constituted should be of
members who are well versed with sports and games. The
committee members can be a DPE of the school and
experts of the game. The selection procure should be
transparent and rigorous so that deserving candidates can
be selected.
8. Separate sports wing should be consti tuted in the schools in
collaborat ion of state youth and sports department. While
constitut ing sports wing the feasibi l i ty and faci l i t ies of a
particular institution should be kept under consideration.
Apart from this sports hostels are an essential pre-requisite
for sportspersons in every distr ict. Some seats should be
reserved for outstanding sportspersons in the already
exist ing sports hostel. Admission to sports person can be
given on the basis of merit. Some concession in the from of
free boarding and lodging can be given to these students
and extra diet can be provided to sportsperson.
9. The various quarters should be convinced of the importance
and need of physical education so that they wil l whole
heartedly patronize the steps that the physical educators
undertake. The state government should give priority to the
physical educators to raise standard of physical education
as well as maximize their contribut ion in this f ield.
10. Faci l it ies for all games should be provided free of cost.
Tracksuit and game kit should be provided free of cost by
concerned inst itution during inter-schools competit ions
191
11. Incentives to be given are not only meant for students but
also for teacher and coaches because teacher can motivate
the students in turn for more and more part icipat ion. No
efforts should be spared for attracting the students for
participat ion in these active massively through incentives.
12. A special mention of performance in games and activit ies
should be made in the academic certif icate apart from
general division and marks.
13. Unti l and unless the games and sports including physical
activit ies are given the highest priority and sublime status in
the state, the development in this f ield could not be
possible. Physical education subject should be regarded as
an integral part of education process for the al l round
development of the individual.
14. Suff icient funds should be sanctioned for schools of
Himachal Pradesh so that at least, basic faci l it ies should be
provided for the development of sports.
Suggestion for Further Research
1. The Present study was delimited to Government Senior
Secondary schools of all the twelve Distr icts of Himachal
Pradesh. Similar comparative studies may also be
conducted on development of sports in rural and urban area
Government schools of Himachal Pradesh.
2. Similar studies can be undertaken on the contribut ion of
dif ferent states in promotion of sports in India.
3. Study may be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of
coaching camps with regard to the performance of players
studying in government schools of Himachal Pradesh.
4. Comparative study of performance of Himachal Pradesh at
school nat ional games in Athlet ics, Boxing and Wrestling
may be conducted.
5. Attitude of student players of Himachal Pradesh towards
physical education and sports may also be invest igated.
192
6. Study on gender discrimination and attitude towards
Physical Education by the parents may also be undertaken.
7. Behaviour of Administrators and Higher authorit ies towards
Physical Education and sports may also be examined.
8. A study of causes of migration of sports person from
Himachal Pradesh to other states may also be conducted.
193
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