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16TH CENTURY: 1ST SECTOR Agriculture/Cattle raising (pages 30-31)
16TH CENTURY: 1ST SECTORAgriculture/Cattle raising (pages 30-31)
16th century
Increase in population
Need to feed more people
BASICS ON ECONOMICS
➤ Economy based on agriculture (70%-80%).
➤ New development:
➤ Textile industry (need to dress (more and more) people).
➤ Commerce (growing importance = new economical sectors = new & different jobs, skills).
➤ Europe & New World (West Indies, America).
➤ Europe & Asia (East Indies).
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 1ST SECTOR
➤ Agriculture.
➤ Subsistence.
➤ Basic (primitive) organization.
➤ (Little evolution).
➤ (New scenario).
➤ (Changes).
➤ (Solutions).
➤ (Challenge).
CHANGES
➤ Need to cultivate more land = a demographic growth.
➤ Need to cultivate more products = new American crops.
➤ Potatoes.
➤ Maize.
➤ Tomatoes.
➤ Beans.
➤ (More products = more varied diet = better health = living longer).
➤ Old products: cereals, oil & wine.
INCREASING PRODUCTION
➤ (Single-crop versus multi-crop).
➤ Introduction to the crop rotation with animal pasture.
➤ (A wider variety of products + animal products (milk) + animal meat).
➤ Increase in agricultural production (more jobs).
➤ (Consolidation of agriculture strongholds).
➤ La Rioja/Duero Region = wine.
➤ Valencia/Castilla La Mancha = olive cultivation.
➤ Valencia = rice & sugar cane.
THE BASQUE ECONOMY IN THE 16TH CENTURY
➤ Agriculture.
➤ Cattle.
➤ Fishing.
➤ Forestry (Pinus Insignus).
➤ Mining.
➤ Iron industry.
➤ (The more diverse = the more opportunities).
WHEAT VERSUS MAIZE
The big battle
Why?
THE MAIZE REVOLUTION
➤ Andalusia = cultivated maize with some success (1530).
➤ Basque coastal region = more humid = better growth.
➤ (Cheaper to produce in great quantities).
➤ (Basic for human and animal diet).
THE WOOL TRADE
BACK TO THE TEXTBOOK (PAGES 30-31)
➤ Castile’s wool = the most prosperous economic section.
➤ The Merino sheep (Portugal/Spain) = highly valued.
➤ Exportation to Northern Europe = vía Bilbo, Deba, Pasaia.
➤ Good winter clothes made of this wool.
➤ The business controlled by “La Mesta” (royal privilege).
➤ (Open the business to more exportations).
➤ The New World = a new market.
OTHER ECONOMIC FIELDS
➤ Forestry.
➤ Fishing.
