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16th Healthcare Interdisciplinary
Research Conference 4 and 5 November 2015
Awareness Level of Nursing Students Regarding Violence Against Women – An Example from Turkey
Gülseren ÇITAK TUNÇ, Nevin ÇITAK BİLGİN, Elif ERGİN KILINC-
Nursing Department,
Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
Population: 73 997 128
Income group: Middle
As an ethnically diverse,Predominately: Muslim (%99)
Gross national income per capita: US$ 10 810
Global status report on violence prevention 2014
Social and cultural norms change: PARTİAL
Intimate partner violence prevention programmes: PARTİAL
Youth violence prevention programmes: PARTİAL
Legal age of marriage (male/female) 17 / 17
Dating violence prevention in schools: No
LAWS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMMES BY TYPE OF VIOLENCE
Child protection services: LIMITED
Medico-legal services for sexual violence: LIMITED
Mental health services: LIMITED
VICTIM SERVICES
Adult protective services: LIMITED
Violence is a public health problem affecting millions of people globally and a violation of human rights (WHO 28 March 2014).
All women on earth faces the risk of exposure to violence based on gender mainstreaming without any discrimination regarding
COUNTRY, ETHNİCİTY,
CLASS, RELİGİON,
ECONOMİC AND SOCİAL STATUS.
• 137 million people died in 2011 as a result of violence
• Of those deaths, 58% were due to self-directed violence,
• 35% due to interpersonal violence and
According to the report of WHO, themed Violence and Health 2014
• 6% due to collective violence.
Violence against women which maintains its global importance is one of the major social problems in Turkey.
• Domestic violence against women in Turkey had come to the fore by the mid-80s.
• The institutionalized process concerning elimination of violence against women has started by the 90s.
• The first step in the sense of legislation has been the Law on the Protection of Family no. 4320 dated 1998.
• Legal reforms aiming for the provision of gender mainstreaming have gained a momentum by the 2000s.
In Turkey;primary health care institutions are the first step of application for those exposed to domestic violence (Elmalı et al. 2011).
However, women exposed to violence do not mention this to healthcare personnel as they fear being 1-STİGMATİZED
2-AS THEY WANT TO PROTECT THEİR HUSBANDS (Yanıkkerem et al. 2006).
Aim1-
to determine the level of awareness and
knowledge of the nursing students in health
schools
Aim-2
regarding the projects and practices in Turkey
concerning violence against women.
Method
Response rate was found to be 77.0%.
Sampling method was notused in the study and it waspossible to reach the whole universe (total 235 students).
Research was concluded with181 students who accepted toparticipate. (1 st year: 1104th year: 71)
The universe of the descriptive studywas composed of Uludag University
Health School NursingDepartment students during 2013-2014
educational year.
Data Collection
Demographic characteristics
Experiencess questions of Violence
Questions concerning Violence Prevention project
Knowledge questions of violence
Questions concerning Violence Prevention centers
Ethical Issues Regarding the Research
• Written permissions received from Uludağ University Health School.
• Students were informed verbally that they are free to decide to participate or not to participate in the research
Data was analyzed through frequencies percentages
mean Chi-Square
using the Statistical Package program .
Data Analysis
Table 1: Distribution of Students According to Socio-Demographic Characteristics (n=181)
Socio-Demographic Characteristics Frequency Percent
Gender
Female 151 83,4
Male 30 16,6
Mean age 20,44±2.35(min:18 max: 34
Sibling 2.30±2.0(min:0-max:10)
Year at School
1st year 110 60.8
4 th year 71 39.2
43.3
37.3
7.8
5.3
6.3
Type of Violence Witnessed
Against women
Against children
Against Elder
Against men
Other (orphant, migrant,disabled)
Graphic 1: Distribution of the Studets Type of Violence Witnessed(n=319)
15,5
84,5
0
20
40
60
80
100Percent
Being Exposed to Violence
Exposed
Notexposed
Students Being Exposed to Violence
Graphic 2: Distribution of the Students Being Exposed to
Violence (n=181)
Physical Sexula Psychological0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
67.9
25
7.1
Type of Violence Exposed
Graphic 3: Distribution of the Students Exposed of Violence(n= 28)
Table 2: Comparison of Exposure to Violence by
Gender by the Students (n=181)
Gender
Exposed to Violence Non Exposed to
Violence
Total
n %
n % n %
Female 17 11.3 134 88.7 151 100
Male 11 36.7 19 63.3 30 100
X2: 12.356 p:0.000
Table 3: Distribution of the Students by their Answers to Information Questions regarding the Violence against Women
(n:181)
TYPE OF VİOLENCE
STATEMENTKNOWN
n %
UNKNOWN
n %
TOTAL
n %
Physical
Injuring the women with sharp objects 178 98.3 3 1.7 181 100.0
Forcing the women to live in unhealthy conditions
97 53.6 84 46.4 181 100.0
Psychological
Keeping the women in constant control on the grounds of jealousy
173 95.6 8 4.4 181 100.0
Deciding the attire of women for herself 158 87.3 23 12.7 181 100.0
Sexual
Marital rape 169 93.4 12 6.6 181 100.0
Forcing the women to/not to bear a child 99 54.7 82 45.3 181 100.0
Economic
Not giving money to the women 180 99.4 1 0.6 181 100.0
Taking away the money and income of the women
176 97.2 5 2.8 181 100.0
Table 4: Distribution of the Students on the basis of wheter they Know About the Centres Combatting Violence, attached to the
Ministry of Family and Social Policies (MOFSP) (n:181)
Knowledge about the Centres attached to the MOFSP
n %
KNOWN
121 66.9
UNKNOWN
60 33.1
KNOWN CENTRES (n:239)*Koza (Cocoon) 5 2.1
Family Counselling Centres 75 31.4
Family Centres 37 15.5
ALO 183 line 80 33.5
Gelincik (Child Brides) Call Line 13 5.4
Emergency Departments of the Hospitals 29 12.1
*Students gave more than one answer
“Evlilik Okulu Projesi” EVOP (Marriage School) Project developed to prevent the possible problems in
marriage and to explain the national, moral, and social importance of the
family to married couples or to couples that are going to marry
(Stop Child Marriage) "Çocuk Gelinlere Hayır" Project
developed to prevent the marriage of girls at an early
age
(Child not Brides“Gelincik") Project developed to gain rights against violence and
abuse
(Family Ombudsman) “Aile Ombudsmanlığı" Project for the people considering divorce
” (Panic Button) “Panik ButonProject described as “an
electronic support system for the protection of women victims of
violence”
PROJECTS
Table 5: Distribution of the Students on the basis of whether they know about the Projects of MOFSP to Combat Violence Against
Women (n:181)
NAME OF THE PROJECT
KNOWN BY STUDENTS n %
NOT KNOWN BY STUDENTS
n %
Total
n %
PANİK BUTON PROJESİ
(PANİC BUTTON PROJECT)
37 20.4 144 79.6 181 100.0
GELİNCİK PROJESİ
(CHİLD not BRİDES PROJECT)
33 18.2 148 81.8 181 100.0
EVLİLİK OKULU PROJESİ (MARRİAGE SCHOOL PROJECT)
37 20.4 144 79.6 181 100.0
AİLE OMBUDSMANLIĞI PROJESİ
(FAMİLY OMBUDSMAN PROJECT)
17 9.4 164 90.6 181 100.0
ÇOCUK GELİNLERE HAYIR PROJESİ
(STOP CHİLD MARRİAGE PROJECT)
130 71.8 51 28.2 181 100.0
Table 6: Distribution of the Students Institutions that the Students Find Effective in Combatting Violence against Women and the
Students’ Solution Proposals
Institutions that the Students Find Effective in Combatting Violence (n:395 *)
n %
GOVERMENT 109 27.6
CİVİL SOCİETY ORGANİZATİONS 133 33.6
MEDİA 120 30.4
PRİVATE SECTOR 33 8.4
Solution Proposals to Prevent Violence
(n: 459*)INCREASİNG SOCİAL AWARENESS 169 36.8
ELİMİNATİON OF GENDER INEQUALİTY 138 30.1
POPULARİZATİON OF THE CENTRES TO PREVENT AND MONİTOR VİOLENCE
152 33.1
*Students gave more than one answer
• In this study, it has been determined that the awareness of the nursing students regarding violence vary according to their gender and year of school.
• In order to raise the awareness of the nursing students at an
early phase, regarding the prevention of violence, it may be
suggested to cover this issue within the education programmes,
• to develop programmes in schools for the prevention of
“violence applied by the partners”,
• to improve health policies by including the establishment of
communication networks and organization of the awareness
raising trainings for the healthcare personnel.
SUGGESTIONS
In an era that physical force has lost its importance, how can a sociaty that beats and contains women at home heal?
WOMEN ACTION
Thanks on behalf of all women