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17 Major Employment Centers workers City typology
HBP 20,777 Pleasanton Mixed use edge city w/ sharp boundary
SSF 32,445 SSF Major employment center w/ sharp boundary
SRP 24,763 Palo Alto Named employment center w/ sharp boundary
Bish 23,894 San Ramon Named employment center w/ sharp boundary
emery 17,952 Emeryville Mixed use edge city w/ sharp boundary
stan 39,204 Stanford Mixed use edge city w/ sharp boundary - incl dntn PA
shore 25,103 Mtn View Named employment center w/ sharp boundary
moffet 33,837 multiple Named employment center w/ sharp boundary
whisman 25,836 Mtn View Portion of Silicon Valley job glob
greatam 47,836 Santa Clara Portion of Silicon Valley job glob
nFirst 82,801 San Jose Portion of Silicon Valley job glob
237680 47,612 MilpitasMajor employment center w/ a Great Mall, sharp boundary
oakmead 75,701 Sunnyvale Portion of Silicon Valley job glob
SJC 21,359 San Jose Airport major employment center
Cup 32,115 Cupertino Lots of Apple jobs, residential. A big mall. Fuzzy border.
ibm 15,904 San Jose Named employment center w/ sharp boundary
walnut 26,935 Walnut Creek Fully mixed use edge city w/ sharp boundary
total 594,074
Great Mall
Stanford Research Park• Palo Alto, SV “dad”• 25K jobs• 50% paved, no
sidewalks• Commute Shed:
– 47% within 2 miles of Caltrain
– 49% w/i 10 miles• 80% SOV, 11%
pool, 1% rail• 18 mi one-way.
Suburban Smart Growth Stinks• East Bay BART TOD: 40% transit commutes
– Commute to auto-hostile San Francisco• South Bay Caltrain TOD: 17% transit commutes
– High driving residents “crowd out” green commuters – Non-TOD South Bay: 4% or less transit commutes
• Suburban VTA LRT “TOD without the T” – Calthorpe• Hence, make Smart Growth smarter:
1. PRT as shuttle bus on steroids, creating comprehensive new mobility
2. Avego-style iPooling (instant ridesharing)3. Green commute housing preference4. Workplace parking charges + incentives5. Green behavior culture change for large new residential
communities• SPUR: “interesting.” Cities21: adopted recommendations.
1. PRT – Steroid Shuttle Bus
SRP PRT• 5 mile system
– 17 stations
• $35M to $75M – Capital cost
Vehicle Storage
Comprehensive, Integrated MobilityDoor to Door
Delivery services, Personal activities, Business services
first mile Train, HSR
first mile Bus
•Web/wireless coordination•Supportive policy context•Scale!
Short carpool pick up
first mileLong carpool
•Improved match-making•Shared parking, iPooling
PRT system LAST MILE mid-day trips
Walk
Bike, scooter
iPooling Centralized Cars:share, rent, ride home
Palo Alto and Pleasanton Market Research (300+ surveys)
• Solo commutes: 89% 45% – Carpool: 9% 32%, train: 0% 15.5% train– For 20K people, removes 6,600 autos (roughly)
• @ 350 s.f. per space 50 acres.
2. Avego-Style iPooling• iPhone instant carpooling• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgTNK85bG_k
– 111MB M4V: 1:43-3:50
3. Move closer to your job:Green Commute Housing Preference
• Priority access to new housing for green commuters– Waiting list
• The most cost-effective traffic reduction policy (ever). SF San Jose (swap)– Or, “Proximate Commute” for Starbucks workers.
Green Commute Hsng Examples• Santa Barbara: 42 affordable apts
– 40 block walkable, mixed-use downtown – Priorities: no cars, work downtown– Result: TWENTY cars
• Stanford West Apts: 515 apts– Shuttle bus, biking, hostile to cars– 396 Stanford, 96 hospital, 14 Palo Alto, 9 long commutes– 10% short-commute rent discount – 2.6 MM less VMT/CO2 lbs./yr
• Redwood City: 800 mkt rate condos– 1 mi from dntn, bike path– Cities21 victory – 4 months: green commutes.
4. Workplace Parking Charges + Incentives
• Paid parking (at suburban offices) reduces commute trips (and CO2) by 23%+ – MTC: “Charging for parking is the holy grail”
• Tragedy of the Commons – no office wants to be the first to charge less competitive– Perverse $7.59 daily SOV suburban subsidy (SF charges)
• Need to all “jump in together”– smoking ban in bars: Bloomington, St. Paul, Minneapolis
• Complicated to implement – Web-based self-reporting enables low-cost implementation.
Commute: carrot + stick
• Cashout: pay employees not to park– $4/day 78% SOV to 74% $26/day– Small carrots are ignored
• Parking charges (sticks) work: – eBay SJ: 80% SOV, eBay SF: 43% SOV
• Free suburban parking– Perverse $7.59 per day SOV subsidy
• Start w/ $0.25 charge + $1 cashout– Phased spread to $2 charge + $4 cashout– Big companies first, little companies next.
THE END
5. Culture: Low Mileage Community
• Exploit behavior research
• Non auto-centric culture
• Good Deeds (make it easy)
• EBay’s online community phenomenon– Make friends, achieve social status– Self polices bad behavior
• “Communities of Practice” – expertise around a problem domain (green commutes).
Low Mileage Community (2)• Big new residential complex• Everyone signs low mileage pledge
– Entry condition to obtain housing– People are “self-consistent”
• Manufacture a tipping point– Currently, it’s often dumb to be green– Positive peer pressure
• Problem-solving think tank. Online & in person– Carpool to grocery store– Ex: Biking learning curve: route, gear, defensive
• People love to share such self-discovered expertise
– Delivery services, etc.