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2005-06 National Family Health Survey

(NFHS-3)

Adult

Nutrition

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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Adult Nutrition

The poor nutrition conditions of

young children in India have

received much attention recently,

but adults are also experiencing a

variety of nutritional problems thatwill be examined in this

presentation.

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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Contents

Malnutrition

Anaemia

Micronutrientintake

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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Body Mass Index (BMI)

The BMI is defined as weight in kilograms divided byheight in metres squared (kg/m2).

A cut-off point of 18.5 is used to define thinness or acute

undernutrition and a BMI of 25 or above indicatesoverweight or obesity. BMI 0f 17.0-18.4 refers to mildlythin and

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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

The percentage of ever-married women age 15-49 who are

overweight or obese increased from 11 percent in NFHS-2 to

15 percent in NFHS-3

This is a growing problem in India. Women suffer from a dual

burden of malnutrition with nearly half of them being either

too thin or overweight

As undernutrition decreases, overnutrition increases by

about the same amount

Dual Nutritional Burden

More than a third (36%) of women have a

BMI below 18.5, indicating a high prevalenceof nutritional deficiency. Among women whoare thin, 44% are moderately or severely thin.

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Prevalence of Undernutrition and

Overweight/Obesity among Adults by

Residence

13

7

24

36

41

25

96

16

3438

27

Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total

Women Men

NFHS-3, 2005-06

Undernutr i t ion

(%abno rmally th in)

%Overweight/

obese

Undernutrition ismore prevalent in

rural areas.

Overweight and

obesity are more

than three times

higher in urban

than rural areas.

Both

undernutrition and

overweight and

obesity are higher

among women

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Undernutrtion and

Overweight/Obese Women by Age

26

31

38

47

24

17

8

2

15-19 20-29 30-39 40-49

Underweight Overweight/Obese

Age in years

Malnutritionlevels are higher

among young

girls. Almost half

of the girls inage 15-19 are

undernourished.

Undernutrition

declines and

overnutrition

increases with

age of women

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Underweight and Overweight/

Obesity among Women by Wealth

52

46

38

29

18

2 47

15

31

Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest

Underweight Overweight/Obese

More than half

of women in the

highest income

quintile areunderweight.

In contrast,

almost one-third

of women in thehighest income

quintile are

overweight or

obese.

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The percentage of

women who are too thin

is particularly high in

Bihar (45%),

Chhattisgarh and

Jharkhand (43% each).

Malnutrition levels arelowest in Delhi, Punjab,

and several of the small

northeastern states.

The percentage ofwomen who are

overweight or obese is

highest in Punjab (30%),

followed by Kerala (28%)

and Delhi (26%)

State Variations in Malnutrition

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Underweight and

Overweight/Obese Men

Similar variations are seen by state in the

percentage of men who are thin and the

percentage of men who are overweight andobese.

The prevalence of underweight and overweight

among men shows similar variations by age,education and wealth index.

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Contents

Malnutrition

Anaemia

Micronutrientintake

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Trends in Anaemia Prevalence

among Women

52

2

15

35

56

2

16

39

Mild Moderate Severe Any anaemia

NFHS-2 NFHS-3The anaemia

situation has

worsened over time

for women

10.0-10.9g/dl 7.0-9.9g/dl

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Anaemia Prevalence among

Women and Men by Residence

116

1

1814

12

2

28

56

1310

1

36

14

2

51

40

16

2

57

39

16

2

24

Mild Moderate Severe Any Mild Moderate Severe Any

Urban Rural Total

NFHS-3, 2005-06

The anaemia prevalence levels are more than two times higher among women than menwith almost half of them with moderate to severe anaemia. This indicates the worse

anaemic condition among women.

The prevalence of aneaemia is marginally higher in rural than urban areas but anaemia

is a common problem in both urban and rural areas.

More than 50 percent of women in urban areas are anaemic with almost a third of them

with moderate to severe anemia.

WomenMen

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Anaemia Prevalence among

Pregnant Women

2631

2

59

Mild Moderate Severe Any anaemiaNFHS-3, 2005-06

The prevalence of

anaemia among

pregnant women is

higher than among

non-pregnantwomen.

The prevalence of

moderate anaemiais greater among

pregnant women

women

The prevalence of

anaemia among

pregnant women is

higher.

The prevalence of

moderate to severe

anaemia is greater

among pregnantwomen women

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Contents

Malnutrition

Anaemia

Micronutrientintake

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Percentage of Household Using

Iodized Salt By Residence

13

2924

16

3025

72

41

51

Urban Rural Total

Not iodized Inadequately iodized Adequately iodized

Only about half ofthe households in

India use cooking

salt with

adequately content

More than two

thirds of urban

households used

adequately idolizedcooking salt

compared to just 41

percent in rural

areas.

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Food Consumption NFHS-3 asked women and men about the frequency of

consuming food from different food groups:

Milk or curd, pulses, fruits, dark green leafy

vegetables, eggs, chicken or meat and fish

33 percent of women and 24 percent of men arevegetarians

Consumption of fruits at least once a week is lesscommon. Sixty percent of women do not consume

fruits even once a week

The pattern of food consumption by men is similar tothat of women, but men are more likely than women toconsume milk or curd regularly

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KeyFindings

Indian women suffer a very high burden ofnutritional deficiency but the prevalence ofoverweight and obesity are also on the rise

This is a dual burden of malnutrition, withnearly half being either too thin or overweight

The prevalence of overweight or obesity

among women is highest in Punjab followedby Kerala and Delhi (the low fertility states)

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The prevelence of overweight and obesity

are on the rise among women in urban areas,

women who are well educated, women inhouseholds in the highest wealth quintile,

and Sikh women

The anaemia situation has worsened over

time for women

Anaemia increases with the number ofchildren ever born and decreases with

education and the households wealth